Acharya, Shankar 196, 197, 190, 199, 200
Albright, Madeleine 307–8, 319
Algeria 198–9
All-Burma Patriotic Old Comrades League 67
All-Burma Students’ Democratic Front 279
All-Burma Students’ Union 64
Allies 6, 12, 13, 131, 161–2, 163
Allott, Anna 238
Anawrahta, King 277
Anglo-Burmese War (1824) 7, 123
Annan, Kofi 367
Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League (APFL) 12, 13, 14, 91, 162, 178, 369
Aquino Jr., Benigno 246
Aquino, Corazon 118
life
birth 223
childhood visits to Burma 223, 229
Dragon School, Oxford 235
in Indian Himalayas with Michael 238
visits Suu Kyi in Kyoto 241
granted visa 97
with Suu Kyi before her house arrest 157
with Suu Kyi on her hunger strike 245
leaves Burma 247
Burmese passport invalidated 248
acceptance speech for Suu Kyi’s Nobel Peace Prize 300–1
Suu Kyi’s commitment to 119, 247–8
Suu Kyi’s reminiscences 106, 140, 142
Aris, Anthony (brother-in-law) 206, 207, 209, 217
Aris, Evelyn 230
Aris, John (father-in-law) 206–7, 230
death 245
life
birth 230
babyhood 235
Dragon School, Oxford 235
in Japan with Suu Kyi 238, 239
granted visa 97
with Suu Kyi before her house arrest 157
with Suu Kyi on her hunger strike 245
leaves Burma 247
Burmese passport invalidated 248
acceptance of Suu Kyi’s Nobel Peace Prize 299
Suu Kyi’s commitment to 119, 247–8
Suu Kyi’s reminiscences 106, 140, 142
Aris, Lucinda (sister-in-law) 207, 331
Aris, Michael (husband) 5, 18–19, 111, 121, 131, 326
background 206–7
life
falls in love with Suu Kyi 207–8
tutor to royal house of Thimphu 25, 209–10, 222
courtship of Suu Kyi 25
engagement to Suu Kyi 217–18
letters from Suu Kyi 19, 217, 218–19
marriage to Suu Kyi 18, 219, 220
first trip to Burma with Suu Kyi 220–1
in Bhutan with Suu Kyi 221, 222
doctoral thesis 223
Brompton flat 223
in Nepal with Suu Kyi and Alexander 221, 223
visits Burma with Suu Kyi and Alexander 223, 229
Scotland stay with his family 229
St. John’s College fellowship 230
married life in Oxford 23, 25–6, 230–5
Noriko Ohtsu’s impressions 231–2
Wolfson College fellowship 235
St. Anthony’s College tenure 23
Indian Institute fellowship in Shimla 26, 238
visits Suu Kyi in Kyoto 241
receives news of Khin Kyi’s stroke 27
with Suu Kyi in Burma 34, 36, 39, 49, 53–4, 70, 78, 85
granted visa 97
suggests Ma Thanegi keeps diary 99
phone calls to Suu Kyi 104
go-between role in Suu Kyi’s hunger strike 245–7
visits to Suu Kyi in detention 254–6
letters and gifts to Suu Kyi 272
delivers Suu Kyi’s speech of thanks for honorary degree 291
visits Suu Kyi under house arrest 304
accuses Ma Thanegi of disloyalty 320
terminates relationship with Ma Thanegi 329
last Burma visit 330
work as Suu Kyi’s “other half” 328–31
Monopoly clashes with Suu Kyi 157
passion for Tibet 23, 207, 208–9, 221, 331
regime insults 53
Armed Forces Day 146
Assistance Association for Political Prisoners 249
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 310, 315, 322, 338, 360
Aung Gyi (student) 48
Aung Gyi, General
arrest (1965) 203
arrest (1988) 43
“communist” allegations against Suu Kyi and NLD 96, 115
condemns Enquiry Commission report 31–2
economic policy 202
election defeat 268
joins Suu Kyi’s resistance movement 68–9, 74
and NLD 84–5, 92–3, 94, 95, 96, 115
verdict on U Nu’s “prime minister” announcement 64
Aung Lwin, U 107
Aung Lynn Htut 320, 357, 361, 364
Aung Myint 77
Aung San (father) 5, 6, 9–15, 250
ana and awza 289
Buddhism 168
charisma 6
commemoration of death 40
conscientiousness 171
life
as student at Rangoon University 6, 9, 39, 43, 85, 90–1
as “Thakin” leader 9
and “Revolution of 1300” 9–10, 15, 43
“Blue Print” (authorship disputed) 284–5
fights alongside Japanese 26, 162, 278
civil murder charge 162
trains Burmese Independence Army 10
misgivings about Japanese 10, 11, 161
meets Khin Kyi Rangoon Hospital 11–12
marriage to Khin Kyi 12 (1942)
joins Allies against Japanese 12–13, 398
sets up Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League 12
interview with William Slim 13, 161–2, 163
refuses army pension 169
Myitkyina visit 136
anticipates early death 165–6
calls for nonviolent action against Britain 13–14
meets with Nehru 180
independence negotiations with Attlee 14, 104
signs Panglong Agreement 14, 104, 177, 278
elected leader of Burma 1947 14
fleeting presence in family 164–5
assassination 14–15, 24, 33, 127–8, 165–6, 176, 300, 331
marginalized by regime 148–9, 164, 258, 284
Maung Maung’s portrayal 47
Ne Win assassination order rumor 40
parallels with Suu Kyi 15–16
and political legitimacy 92, 130, 284
Suu Kyi compared 398
Suu Kyi’s biography 9, 26, 161, 165, 236–7
U Tin Oo’s memories 68
veneration in Burma 13, 32, 38, 39, 44, 300
Aung San Chit (sister), death 164, 165
Aung San (Ko Ko) Lin (brother) 15, 24–5, 142, 164, 166–7, 169, 170
Aung San Oo (brother) 24, 34, 38–9, 48, 50, 164, 166, 168, 180, 204
absence from Suu Kyi’s wedding 220
blocks repairs to Suu Kyi’s house 368
froideur 205
Aung San Suu Kyi
appearance 24, 42, 189–90, 183, 232, 297, 371, 397
attachment to Puppy 222
and Aung San
awareness of his legacy 5–6, 16, 24–5, 118, 127–8, 172, 191, 218, 300
childhood memories 165
compared 398
feels his presence 290–1
immersion in his life and work 239
parallels 15–16
writes biography 9, 26, 161, 165, 236–7
author’s meetings with 341–4, 397
awards 385
honorary degree from University of Nepal 291
Honorary Fellowship, St. Hugh’s College 298
Nobel Peace Prize 299–301, 315
Sakharov prize for Freedom of Thought 299
Thorolf Rafto Prize for Human Rights 299
beliefs
freedom of the spirit 254
nonviolence 116–17, 145, 153, 370, 388–9, 392, 294
challenges and defies Ne Win 56, 58, 145, 151–2, 257, 369
character 24, 42, 144, 193, 205
alleged stubbornness 343–4
consistency 398
discipline 292
generosity of spirit 255
hospitality 230
irreverent humor 24, 185, 194, 305
liking for tradition 233
moral commitment 190–1, 193, 194, 281–2, 327
suited to confinement 398
tomboy tendencies 172
truthfulness 233–4
closeness to Aung San Lin 167, 170
commitment to Burma 5, 25, 26–7, 18–19, 229–30, 241–2
“communist” allegations 96, 108, 115, 147, 153, 261
corporate sponsors 108
development of thinking 258–9
identification with democratic cause 101
impact on the world 388–94
interests and activities
cycling 196
punting 196
writing 175
international celebrity 3, 117–18, 298, 384–6
life
early childhood in Rangoon 163–71
schooldays in Rangoon 171–6
residence in Delhi 16, 24, 71, 179, 180–8, 189, 204
at St. Hugh’s College, Oxford 18, 25, 189, 190–200
friendship with Dora Than É 198–9, 210, 231
Algeria visit 198–9
love affair with Tariq Hyder 199–200, 207, 208
visits Burma as a student 40, 41, 42, 200–1
Burmese marriage candidates 200–1, 207, 208
decides to go abroad 203
lack of direction post-graduation 204, 221
in London with the Gore-Booths 205
declines invitation for audience with Ne Win (1967) 206
romance with Michael Aris 25, 207–9
abortive postgraduate studies in New York 210–11
UN post in New York 18, 25, 211, 213–14, 219
volunteers in New York 214
passport incident 215–16
visits Michael in Bhutan 217
engagement to Michael 217–18
letters to Michael 218–19
marriage to Michael 18, 219, 220
visits to Burma with Michael 220–1
married life in Bhutan 221, 222
Brompton flat 223
birth of Alexander 223
Nepal trip with Michael and Alexander 221, 223
Scotland stay with Michael’s family 230
visits Burma with Michael and Alexander 223, 229
meets Kyaw Zaw in Rangoon 229–30
married life in Oxford 18, 23–4, 25–7, 230–6, 305
birth of Kim 230
inability to breastfeed 235
work for Bodleian 236
visits Burma for shinbyu ceremony 237
rejected for PhD 237–8
SOAS literature course 27, 238
research fellowship in Japan 26, 238–42, 259
in Shimla with Michael 26, 90, 238, 258
receives news of Khin Kyi’s stroke 27
returns to Burma to nurse Khin Kyi 4, 15, 27, 30, 119
takes Khin Kyi home 34
witnesses Institute of Medicine protests 33
joined in Burma by family 34–5
watches Ne Win resign on television 39
decision to enter politics 39, 119, 240–1
crash course in political history 42
absence from protests 46
University Avenue think tank 47–8, 49–50, 63
“People’s Consultative Committee” proposal 48–9
secret meeting with U Tin Aung Hein 51
Rangoon General Hospital speech 15, 51–2, 250
Shwedagon pagoda speech 53–8, 67, 71, 81, 92, 295, 388
success with Burma Spring reforms 59
rejects U Nu’s “prime minister” announcement 64
first meeting with U Tin Oo 67–8
meeting with election commission 68–9
call for interim government 69
reaction to military crackdown 78
creates National League for Democracy (NLD) 80, 84–6
campaign trail (late 1988) 93–5
Khin Kyi’s death 97–8
condolence visit from Saw Maung and Khin Nyint 98, 130
appeals for calm at Khin Kyi’s funeral 98, 99
campaign trail (1989) 100–14, 120–1, 122–7, 129, 131–3, 135–44, 147–8, 192, 222, 263–4, 292
Danubya near-death incident 125–7, 129, 131
Thingyan slogan competition finale 134–5
takes hard line against regime 145–6, 151, 318–19
campaign of civil disobedience 150–1
speech attacking Ne Win 151–2, 296
declines SLORC Martyr’s Day invitation 154
averts bloodbath at Martyr’s Day demonstrations 156–7
decision to be arrested 157–8
house arrest (1989–1995) 158, 245, 254–60, 261, 289–96, 304–6, 367–8, 387–8
hunger strike 245–7
house arrest regime 254–5
votes in general election 261
refuses to accept “favors” 271–2, 290
conditions to Rewata Dhamma for leaving Burma 305
“dialogue” with SLORC 305–6
release (1995) 297–8, 306–7, 308, 326, 338
impromptu speech on release 308–9
weekend chats 309–10
rift with Ma Thanegi 318–21, 396
Natmauk trip 398
USDA attacks 324–5, 351
Michael’s illness and death 4, 332–4
house arrest (2000) 338
negotiations with the regime 339, 347–8, 360, 363–5
campaign trail (2002) 350–6
Depayin attack 356–9
imprisoned in Insein Jail 359–60, 371
hospitalization 371
house arrest (2003–2010) xiii, 360, 367, 371, 395
monks pay respects on Peace Walk 378, 395
visit from John Yettaw (2009) 382
trial after Yettaw’s visit 383–4
exclusion from 2010 election campaign xiii
release (2010) xv–xvi, 3
love for her family 106, 119, 140, 142, 247–8, 301, 395–6
and the outside world 117–18, 130–1, 176
political confinement 397–8
political importance 257–8
popularity with Burmese people 3, 4, 5, 38, 144, 257–8, 281, 310, 348, 369–70
regime sees as number one domestic menace 258
regime slurs and threats 3, 53, 113, 149, 315, 316, 318, 331, 338
relationship with Aung San Oo 205, 220
relationship with sangha 147, 281–2
response to monsoon season 33–4
role as moral exemplar 379–80
views
on negotiations with regime 342–4
on sanctions 321–2
on tourism boycott 317–18, 322–3
“voluntary” nature of detention 3–5, 248
writings 378
biography of Aung San 9, 26, 161, 165, 236–7
children’s travel books 26, 236
essays 5, 16–18, 90, 258–9, 264
“Freedom from Fear” 252–4, 273, 309
“A Friend in Need” 327–8
“Letters from Burma” 311, 312–14, 318, 326, 327–8, 351
Mainchini Daily News column 367–8
Aung Shwe, U 308
Aung Tin, U 224
Aung-Thwin, Michael 270–1
Aye Aye Thant 204
Ba Maw 10
balachaung (Burmese dish) 222
Bangkok 28, 131, 258, 267, 304, 330, 337, 385, 393
Bassein 102–3
baung-bi chut (ex-military men) 85, 96
v intelligentsia 92–3
Baw Oo Tun 64
BBC 43, 45, 54, 61, 77, 131, 286, 289, 367, 373
Ben Bella, Ahmed 198
Bertie, Andrew 207
Bhutan 23, 25, 209–10, 217, 221, 222, 223, 230, 231, 232, 236
Blavatsky, Madame 217
Bo Kyi 46
Bo Lwin 125
Bo Min Lwin 105
Bogyoke Aung San Museum 164
Bose, Subhas Chandra 10
Britain
freedom from government-imposed fear 252
ignorance of Asian religion and philosophy 194–5
sanctions against Burma 360
trade with Burma 318
British rule in Burma 6–9, 13–14, 16, 26, 87, 90, 102, 278, 288
abolition of Burmese monarchy 6, 7, 8, 147, 294
British rule in India 6–7, 8–9, 16, 26, 90, 181, 370
Buchan, John (Lord Tweedsmuir) 206–7
Burmese 241
images “miracle” 282
Buddhism 28, 66, 161, 194–5, 197, 220, 221, 292–3, 328
in Burma 8, 9, 52, 87–8, 135, 147, 168, 202, 260, 311–12
coherence with democracy 264
relationships between different schools 216–17
see also Mahayana Buddhism; Theravada Buddhism; Tibetan Buddhism
Buddhist Liturgy 217
ana and awza 289
birds and fish release ceremony 135
British colonial rule 6–9, 13–14, 16, 26, 87, 90, 102, 278, 288
Buddhism 8, 9, 52, 87–8, 135, 147, 168, 202, 260, 311–12
climate of fear 252–4, 288–9, 325, 389
command economy disaster 29, 226
communist-inspired reforms 202–3
Constituent Assembly elections (1947) 14
constitution 64, 151, 265, 266, 269–70, 271, 274, 310–11, 324, 362, 363, 378,
constitution referendum (2008) 372, 380
and democracy concept 86–7, 263–4, 368–9
economic boom (1995) 337–8
economic liberalization 263, 265, 321
economic recovery hit 339
general election (1990) xiv, 5, 158, 261–71, 369
general election (2010) xiii–xv, 3, 368, 369, 386
general strike (8/8/88) 43, 45–6, 152
first nationalist stirrings 8
foreign exchange reserves 263
health system 30
independence (1948) 176–7
India compared 89–90, 181, 187–8, 258
internal divisions 177–8, 214–15, 277–9
isolationism 130, 155, 175, 176, 201, 323
Japan relationship 303–4, 306–7
Japanese invasion (1942) 11, 12, 87, 278
Japanese ousted (1945) 13, 163
least-developed-nation status 18, 30
Lonely Planet quoted 28–9
mass lay-meditation movement 294–5
military coup (1962) 18, 79–80, 187, 202
military crackdown (18 September 1988) 72–8, 152
monsoon season 33–4
popularity of Suu Kyi 4, 5, 144, 257–8, 281, 310, 348, 369–70
pre-coup 175–6
public libraries 373–4
rebuilding on old foundations 258–60, 312
Republic of Burma formed (1958) 277
renamed Myanmar (1989) 102, 149–50, 285, 346
resistance to elitism 90
“Revolution of 1300” (1938) 9–10, 15
Second World War depredations 130, 176
Seven-Point Road Map to Democracy 362–3, 371–2, 386
“Six Evils” 137
social unrest (1974) 66–7, 226–7
student protests (1987) 29
traditional society 88–9
uprising (1988) 5, 15, 30–3, 37, 42–80, 251, 287, 326, 377, 388–9, 390
Union of Burma flag 41
Union of Burma formed (1947) 104
US relationship 308
xenophobia 208
Burma Campaign UK 323
Burma Human Rights Day 146
Burma Independence Army (BIA) 10, 11, 40, 163, 177
Burma National Army 12–13, 161, 162
Burma Socialist Program Party (BSPP) 39, 51, 61, 63, 64, 68–9, 95
election commission 68–9
extraordinary congress (1988) 35–6
see also National Unity Party
Burma Spring (August/September 1988) 59–71, 273
Burman, The (Scott) 88
Burmans 9, 14, 17, 28, 38, 88, 89, 90, 104, 149, 177, 277, 278, 281
Burmese Army (Tatmadaw) 40, 123, 172, 273, 275, 276–7, 279, 284, 294, 303, 389, 390 see also military regime
Burmese character 141
Burmese Communist Party (BCP) 86, 95–6, 153, 177, 201–2
Burmese diaspora 38–9
Burmese Embassy, London 248, 304
Burmese Literary Society 42
abolition by the British 6, 7, 8, 87, 147, 294
massacre of rivals 89
symbiosis with sangha 147, 285–6
Burmese Red Cross xv, 76
“butterfly effect” 394
Calcutta (Kolkata) 7, 10, 87, 149
Canning, Mark 383–4
Canvas (activist group) 394
Carey, Peter 231, 234, 236, 329, 398
Chan Aye, U 151
Charles, Prince of Wales 4, 331, 332
Charney, Michael W. 3, 69, 77, 177, 202
Chaudhuri, Nirad C. 187
Chiang Kai-Shek 10
Chime Youngdroung Rinpoche 220
China 10, 86, 95, 176, 186, 202, 203, 372
Roman Catholic 181–2
Christopher, Robin 190–1, 198, 220, 231, 333
Clements, Alan 165, 199, 211, 247–8, 295, 316, 317
Clinton, Bill 308
Coca-Cola 263
Cold War 212
communism 9, 86, 95, 86, 202–3
allegations against Suu Kyi and NLD 96, 108, 115, 147, 153, 261
see also Burmese Communist Party
Convent of Jesus and Mary, Delhi 181–2, 184
Cook, Robin 206
Cuban missile crisis 212
Currie, Clare 324
Cyclone Nargis 102, 130, 372, 380
Daw Khin Gyi (aunt) 256
Daw Khin Khin Win 256
Daw Khin Kyi (mother) 25, 96, 154, 198, 229
belief in honesty 165
disdain for Ne Win 40–1
marriage to Aung Sun 12
takes refuge in Hmway Suang village 131–2, 162–3
National Women and Children’s Welfare Board directorship 169
move to University Avenue 170–1
exile to Delhi ambassadorship 16, 40–1, 152, 179, 180
retirement and return to Burma 201–2, 203
post-retirement seclusion 223–4
opposition to Suu Kyi’s engagement 208
absence from Suu Kyi’s wedding 220
accepts Michael 223
hospitalization 119
final days at home 34–5, 49, 82, 256
death 97
funeral 98–9
De Riedmatten, Leon 338, 339, 341
“death railway” 11
Delhi/New Delhi 16, 18, 24, 179, 180–8, 189, 198, 200, 206, 305
democracy
concept in the Burmese context 86–7, 263–4, 368–9
Seven-Point Road Map to 362–3, 371–2, 386
Suu Kyi’s call to arms 56–7
regime’s promises 35, 59, 65, 79, 80, 84, 100, 104, 117, 145, 147, 262, 301
regime’s indefinite postponement 310
democracy movement 61, 63–4, 65, 81, 84
military recruits 70–1
see also National League for Democracy (NLD)
Democratic Alliance of Burma (DAB) 275, 280
Democratic Voice of Burma (DVB) 376, 379
Denby, Kenneth 381
Development Assistance Charter 303
Dorman-Smith, Sir Reginald 13, 14, 165
Dragon School, Oxford 235
Dukgo 113–14
Dunkley, Ross 339–40
exposure and arrest 365–6
East India Company 6
Ebadi, Shirin 384
Eddie Thwin, U 154–5
England
crumbling morals 194
“Glorious Revolution” 80
impression of permanence 27–8
popular culture 189
English Methodist High School, Rangoon 171–3, 174–5, 181
Fascist Resistance Day 146
Faulder, Dominic 43–4
Federal University, Manerplaw 279–80
Finnis, John 299
First World War 7
Fitch, Ralph 52
From Dictatorship to Democracy (Sharp) 393, 394
Gandhi, Mohandas Mahatma 3, 7, 8, 10, 38, 90, 100, 105, 116, 181, 187, 194, 258, 300, 370, 390
Gandhi, Rajiv 186
Gandhi, Sanjay 186
Gandhi, Sonia 180
Gladstone, William 87
Golden Earth (Lewis) 173
Gordon, Robert 345–6
Gore-Booth, Christopher 206
Gore-Booth, Lady Pat 186, 190, 205, 207, 220, 223
Gore-Booth, Lord Paul 186, 190, 205, 220, 223
Grantown-on-Spey 230
Gunness, Christopher 43
Guomindang 10
Hammerskjöld, Dag 212
Harvard Center for International Affairs 390, 391
Havel, Václav 299
Herbert, Patricia 167
History of Modern Burma (Charney) 3
Hla Min, Colonel 320
Hmwe Hmwe 61
Houtman, Gustaaf 87, 91–2, 148, 285, 289, 311, 314
Hsar Malauk 122–3
Htwe Han 35
Htwe Myint, U 41
Hwe Myint 49
Hyder, Tariq 199–200, 207, 208
In This Very Life (Sayadaw U Pandita) 255, 293, 294
Independent 72, 75, 86, 99, 117, 269, 318, 330, 337, 341, 344, 384
India 11
British Raj 6–7, 8–9, 16, 26, 90, 181
Burma compared 16–18, 26, 181, 187–8, 258
colonial racism 182
democracy 89–90
dynastic principle 38
Gandhi’s journeys 100
and Pakistan 200
Suu Kyi’s residence in 16, 71, 179, 180–8, 189, 204
Indian Institute of Advanced Study 26, 238
Indian National Army 10
Indian National Congress Party 7, 180, 187, 370
Inlay Lake 109–10
Insein Jail 245, 251–2, 261, 272, 326, 360, 366, 371, 383
evacuation 62–3
International Crisis Group 386, 387
Inya Lake 34, 39, 41, 99, 171, 381
Irrawaddy Delta 101, 102–3, 112, 120–1, 122–7, 131–2, 162, 277, 351, 372, 380
Ismail, Razali 338, 347–8, 350, 360, 363, 364
Ismartono, Yuli 269
Issariya, Asshin (King Zero) 373–4, 375
Jahangir, Asma 385
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 7
Burma relationship 306–7
invasion of Burma 11, 12, 87, 278
suspends economic aid to Burma 80, 303–4, 360
Suu Kyi’s stay 26, 238–42, 259
Jordt, Ingrid 346, 349, 377, 379–80
Joya, Malalai 385
Kachin state and people 44, 101, 104, 135–9, 144, 177
Karen National Liberation Army 275
Karen state and people 14, 43, 77, 104, 177, 275–9, 351, 372, 389
Karlekar, Malavika 181, 182–3, 184, 185, 200
Kayah (Karenni) state 111–12
Kennedy, J. F. 212
Kennedy, Phoebe 384
Khin Kyi see Daw Khin Kyi
Khin Maung Win, U 361
Khin Myint 175
Khin Nyunt, General 145, 340, 345–6, 359, 366
Albright visit 307
anger over Depayin massacre 360
arrest and detention 365, 368, 371
“communist” allegations against Suu Kyi and NLD 96, 153, 261–2
condolence visit to Suu Kyi 98, 130
constituent assembly argument 270
“dialogue” with Suu Kyi (1994) 305–6
evasion over election date 117
fails to become SLORC chairman 302
“favors” to Suu Kyi in detention 271–2, 290
modernization of Burma 345, 338
named prime minister 362
negotiations with Suu Kyi (2003) 347–8, 349, 360, 363–5
revitalization of religion 346
Seven-Point Road Map to Democracy 362–3
Shwedagon pagoda restoration 346–7
tourist drive 317
warns of Suu Kyi “danger” 316
Kim (Kipling) 175
King, Martin Luther 116
Kitty Ba Than 41
Ko Ko (schoolboy witness) 44
Ko Myint Swe 82–3, 84, 94, 158, 237
Koe-chan 240
Koko Gyi 48
Kyaw Soe Lin 352, 356, 358, 359
Kyaw Zaw, Brigadier 229–30
Kyi Maung, U 41, 42, 65–6, 85, 96, 146, 261, 268, 273, 297, 308
arrest 274
meditation practice 295
urges negotiations with SLORC 318–19
Kyoto University 26, 238, 239–40
Lady Sri Ram College, Delhi 184–6, 189
League for Democracy and Peace (Provisional) 64
and hpoun (spiritual potency) 347
military regime xiv, 58, 146, 284–6, 288, 303, 346, 362, 380
Lewis, Norman 52, 95, 173–4, 177, 208, 212
Limbin, Peter 280
Linter, Bertil 31, 36, 42, 45, 55, 61–2, 63, 70–1, 72, 73–4, 76, 101–2, 250–1, 267–8, 271, 301, 330–1, 331
Lives of Others, The (film) 321
London 14, 17, 27, 46, 104, 176, 180, 186, 189–90, 197, 198, 204, 205, 207, 219, 223
Lorenz, Edward 394
loyal opposition concept 86–7, 91–2
Ma Khin Kyi see Daw Khin Kyi
Ma Thanegi 81–4, 85, 93, 94, 115, 127–8, 144, 146, 191
arrest and imprisonment 158, 245
and author’s expulsion from Burma 396–7
diaries 99, 100–1, 102, 103, 104, 105–14, 116–17, 119, 120, 121, 122–6, 131–44, 151, 154, 156, 157–8, 165, 167–8, 169, 170, 176, 223, 292, 301, 319, 329, 330, 395
temporary help after Suu Kyi’s release 308
Ma Thida 105
Mae Sam Leb 276
Maguire, Mairead 384
Magwe state 94
Mahasi Sayadaw 293
Mahatir Mohamad 347
Mahayana Buddhism 305
Mandalay
British invasion (1885) 7
Fascist Resistance Day demonstrations (1989) 146
monks’ demonstrations (1990) 282–3
protests (1938) 10
Suu Kyi’s campaign visits (1989) 94, 101, 136
Suu Kyi’s campaign visit (2003) 351–2
taken by Karen insurgents (1948) 177
Mandalay University shut down (1974) 229
Manerplaw 275, 276–7, 279–81, 389, 391–2
Mao Zedong 10
Martyrs’ Day 33, 40, 53, 149, 152, 164, 245
Martyr’s Day demonstrations (1989) 154–7, 259
Maung Aye, General 302, 361, 365
Maung Ko, U 253
Maung Maung Khin, Vice Admiral 306
Maung Maung, Dr. 46–7, 51, 56, 58, 63, 64, 69, 70, 72, 284, 285
sacking 78
imprisonment and death 250, 251–2, 326
“Just One Matchstick” 251–2
Maung Tun, Major 126
McCarthy, Terry 72–3, 75, 78, 79, 117, 269, 270, 330
meditation 67, 137, 216, 255, 259, 292–6, 304, 311, 346
Mee Ma Ma 256
metta (loving-kindness) 292, 311–14, 351
Mikami, Yoshikazu 240
Military Intelligence 95, 96, 108–9, 155, 251, 261, 288, 302, 309, 320–1, 340, 345, 373, 383
and author’s expulsion from Burma 396–7
raid on 365
military regime/SLORC/SPDC
attempts to persuade Suu Kyi to leave Burma 304–5
Aung Gyi’s suspected deal with 115
blitz on NLD publications 151
blocks Suu Kyi’s campaigning tours (late 1990s) 348–9
brutality and viciousness 26, 31, 37, 254, 283, 328
clean-up campaign 263
command economy disaster 226
Committee for Writing Slogans for Nationals 135
“communist” allegations against Suu Kyi and NLD 96, 108, 115, 147, 153, 261
complacency 31
concessions over Daw Khin Kyi’s funeral 98
concocts constitutional scheme 371–2
coup (1962) 60, 79–80, 187–8, 202, 284, 323
crackdown on Saffron Revolution (2007) 375, 378–9
crackdown on students and youth (1974) 229
credibility problems 93
Danubya incident (1989) 123–7, 129, 131
“democracy” promises 35, 59, 65, 79, 80, 84, 100, 104, 117, 145, 147, 262, 274–5, 301
in denial about Suu Kyi’s popularity 308
“dialogue” with Suu Kyi (1995) 305–6
disarray amongst ruling triumvirate 359, 361
downplays Depaying massacre 361
economic liberalization 321
factors preventing elimination of Suu Kyi 130
“favors” to Suu Kyi in detention 271–2
formation of SLORC (Sept 1988) 80, 266, 362
forced repatriation of Michael’s housekeepers 328
Frank Trager’s friendly relationship with 211
and general election (1990) 261–3, 265–71
attempts to secure victory 261–3
decree 1/90 274
defeat shock xiv, 158, 266–7, 268–9
evasion over date 117
post-election moratorium 273
pull-back before polling day 265–6
retention of power through “constituent assembly” argument 269–71, 274
and general election (2010)
theft covered by releasing Suu Kyi xvi
impervious to love and truth 314
imprisonments, torture and killings (1989–91) 145, 245, 249–52, 274, 369
improving luck and skill 368
and the international community 117, 263, 304, 338–9, 372–3, 387–8
invalidates Alexander and Kim’s Burmese passports 248
and John Yettaw’s visit to Suu Kyi 383–4
legitimacy xiv, 58, 146, 284–6, 288, 303, 346, 362, 380
marginalization of Aung San 148–9, 164, 258, 284
name change to State Peace and Development Council 334
negotiations with Suu Kyi (around 2003) 339, 347–8, 363–4
nyein-wut-pi-pyar (silent-crouched-crushed-flattened’) requirement 252
popular loathing and disgust for 288–9
renames Burma (1989) 102, 149–50, 285, 346
response to civil disobedience campaign (1989) 151
response to martyrdom commemoration demonstrations (1989) 153–4
response to Martyr’s Day demonstrations (1989) 154–5
response to monks’ demonstrations (1990) 283–4
response to NLD constitution initiative (1996) 324–5
response to social unrest (1974) 226–7
and Suu Kyi’s Nobel Peace Prize 299
response to Thingyan Festival competition (1989) 133–4, 135
response to uprising (1988) 30–1, 33, 45–6, 129–30
appeals for students’ return 93
“Burma Spring” reforms 59–61
declares martial law 44
Enquiry Commission report 31–2
forcible withdrawal of funds from Myanma Foreign Trade Bank 62, 70
government purge 78–9
Insein Jail prison evacuation 62–3
stupidity 26
Suu Kyi slurred and threatened 53, 113, 149, 315, 316, 318, 331 338
treatment of U Thant’s corpse 41, 227–9
“Visit Myanmar Year 1996” 317
widening gap with monks 281
Milosevic, Slobodan 394
Min lwe, U 83
Mindon, King 87
Mingaladon Airport, Rangoon 246, 337
Moe Hein 156
monks see sangha
monsoons 33–4
Monywa 353–6
Morland, Martin 37, 60, 62, 72, 131
Rohingya refugees repatriated 303
Myanmar Times 340
Mying Aung, Brigadier 102, 121, 123, 124, 129
Myint Thein, Brigadier General 384
Myint U, Captain 124, 125, 126
Myo Thein (“Tiger’) 94, 105, 106, 109, 122, 123, 136, 143
Naga tribes 111
Nagia, Kenji 378–9
Naing Aung, Dr. 377
National Coalition Government of The Union of Burma (NCGUB) 275, 280–1
National Convention 310–11, 324, 348, 362–3, 371, 378, 380
National League for Democracy (NLD) 5, 41, 341
arrests, imprisonments and killings 102, 117, 122, 134, 150 153, 154, 249–52, 253, 261, 267–8, 274, 324, 359, 369
Aung Gyi’s resignation 115
basic objectives 86
bombing accusations 154
calendar of martyrdom 152
campaign of civil disobedience 150–1
Central Executive Committee 85, 96, 107, 116, 131, 146, 151, 157, 251, 274, 288, 298, 319, 323
commemoration demonstrations 152–3, 154–5
“communist” accusations 96, 108, 115, 147, 153, 261
constitution initiative 324
current presence 397
de-registered xiii, 369
De Riedmatten’s views on cooperation with the regime 339
factionalism 92–3, 115–17, 111, 122, 369
formation 84–6
fraternity with sangha 147
“Gandhi Declaration” 273–4
and general election (1990)
manifesto 264–5
victory xiv, 158, 266–9, 348, 369
hard line regarding the army 145–6, 318–19
hijacking of calendar 146
informers suspected 396
membership numbers (1989) 117
metta as founding principle 312
and National Convention
pulls out of 311, 315–16, 362–3
signs up to 310
political/ethnic alliances 147–8
rebuilding xv, 298
Suu Kyi’s campaign tours 94–5, 100–14, 120–1, 122–7, 131–2, 135–44, 350–6
Thingyan slogan competition 132–5
Than Shwe promises talks 304
see also National Coalition Government of The Union of Burma (NCGUB) 275
NLD-Liberated Areas (NLD-LA) xv, 281
National Unity Party (NUP, formerly BSPP) 85, 113, 147, 261, 265, 372
Ne Win, General (Old Man, Number One) 32, 39, 49, 136, 286, 362
Aung Gyi’s attack on 92
and Burma’s deformation 18, 258, 326
claims legitimacy through Aung San 56, 130, 284–5
closes down Burma’s links to the West 18, 201
complacency 31
compulsory repatriation of Indians 18, 180
coup 60, 79–80, 187–8, 202, 284, 323
death in detention 345
declines Suu Kyi’s invitation to Buddhist
erratic nature 79
exiles Daw Khin Kyi to Indian ambassadorship 40–1, 179
first public appearance following resignation 146
government purge 78
hostility to U Thant 213
house arrest 345
humiliates U Thant’s corpse 224, 227–9
hypocrisy 206
identification with the army 71
judicial changes 280
“multiparty democracy” declaration 35, 37, 79–80, 262, 274–5, 301
obligatory portraits 38
official hagiography 46–7
plots takeover 178–9
polarizing policies 215
“resignation” speech 35–6, 41, 256
retains control behind the scenes 152, 274
as shadowy background figure 302–3
“shoot to hit” warning 36, 51, 73
spurns bond with monks 147
Suu Kyi challenges and defies 56, 58, 145, 151–2, 257, 296, 369
training in Japan 307
U Nu denounces at UN 225–6
violent rages 152
Nehru, Jawaharlal 38, 90, 180, 186, 187, 189
Nemoto, Kei 281
New Delhi see Delhi
New Light of Myanmar xiv, 303, 306, 316, 318, 331, 339, 343, 375
New York 210–11, 213–16, 217, 225
New York Times 45, 117, 118, 128, 150, 153, 377
imprisonment and death 326
Non-Aligned Movement 213
nonviolence 3, 14, 77, 95, 116, 145, 150, 153, 370, 378, 388–9, 390–4
Nyo Ohn Myint 47–8, 53–4, 72, 74–5
O’Brien, Harriet 183, 186, 229, 322
Ogata, Sadako 253
Ohtsu, Noriko 231–3, 234, 239, 240–1, 242–1
Olcott, Colonel Henry 217
One Kyat Note scandal 148, 164
Otpor (Serbian activist) 393–4
Outrage (Lintner) 251
Oxford 4, 18, 23, 25, 26, 27, 35, 78, 106, 142, 167, 230–6, 248, 301, 305, 328
Oxford University 18, 26, 41, 185, 189–200, 206, 299, 322
Pacific War 307
Packer, James 340
dynastic principle 38
Pakokku demonstration (2007) 375
Pallis, Marco 209
Pandita, Sayadaw U 293, 294, 295, 296, 311–12
Panglong Agreement (1947) 14, 104, 107, 177, 278
Pasternak Slater, Ann 191–3, 195–6, 197, 199, 200, 204, 205, 230–1, 233, 234, 235, 236, 255
Patrol Boat 103 (Maung Thaw Ka) 250
peacock symbol 85
Pearl Harbor 11
Philippines 38
Phone Maw Journal 60
Pindaya cave pagoda 110
Puppy (Suu Kyi’s dog) 222
Pyitthu Hluttaw (national assembly) 265, 271, 274, 280
“Quit India Movement” 10
Raine, Craig 200
Rangoon 3, 4, 10, 25, 27, 38, 104, 131
25 Tower Lane 149, 163–4, 169, 171, 186, 195
54 University Avenue 5, 34, 41, 49, 53, 72, 74, 83, 84, 97, 98, 114, 154, 171, 223, 246–7, 306, 308–10, 325, 380, 381, 382
Albright visit (1995) 307–8
ballot-rigging (2010) xv
clean-up campaign (1990) 263
climate of fear (1996) 325
Delhi compared 186–7
Fascist Resistance Day demonstrations (March 1989) 146
fuel price protests (2007) 375
Gandhi Hall 273
Internet cafes 367
Japanese bombing raid (1941) 11
liberated by Allies (1945) 6, 8, 13, 162, 163
Martyr’s Memorial 40
monks’ strike (1990) 283
mood during election campaign (2010) xiii–xiv
nationalist agitation 8–9
new hotels and airport buildings (1995) 337, 338, 339
Peace Walk (2007) 375–6
atrocities 378–9
price rise protests (2007) 374
seized by British (1824) 7
Secretariat Building 14
Thingyan Festival competition (1989) 133–5
uprisings and aftermath (1988) 5, 44, 45, 50, 71–7, 100
see also Mingaladon Airport; Shwedagon pagoda
Rangoon City Hall 247
bombing (1989) 154
Rangoon General Hospital 11–12, 15, 27, 30, 34, 51, 67, 75, 250, 326
Rangoon Institute of Medicine 32, 33
Rangoon Institute of Technology 29
Rangoon monastic university 373
Rangoon University 6, 9, 30, 32, 39, 72, 83, 90, 149, 237
Students Union destruction (1962) 152–3, 154
U Thant riots (1974) 227–9
Rausing family 331
Reuters 155
“Revolution of 1300” (1938) 9–10, 15, 43
Revolutionary Council 202, 226
Richardson, Hugh 209, 223, 236
River of Lost Footsteps (Thant Myint-U) 4
Rough Guides 324
Roy, Rammohun 17
Ruskin, John 194
Saffron Revolution (2007) 257–8, 283, 374, 375–80, 383
Sagaing division 94, 139–40, 353
sammavaca (right speech) 296
Sanda Win 129
sangha (community of monks) 7, 8, 88
8/8/88 anniversary demonstrations (1990) 282–4
deprived of state patronage 346
loss of royal patrons 294
military regime’s legitimacy tied to 346
moral force 373
Peace Walk (Saffron Revolution, 2007) 257–8, 283, 374, 375–80, 383
relationship to monarchy 285–6
support for Suu Kyi and NLD 108, 147, 281–2
widening gap with junta 281
Saw Maung, General
condolence visit to Suu Kyi 98, 130
effects of Suu Kyi’s Nobel Peace Prize 299
failing mental health 286–7
multiparty elections promise 79, 80, 84, 92, 100, 104, 145, 147, 270, 285
nervous breakdown 102, 287, 299, 301
replaces Maung Maung as president 79
Saw Tha Din 278
School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), London University 27, 223, 230, 231, 237–8
Scott, George (Shway Yoe) 85, 88, 89, 278
Second World War 8, 10, 12, 37, 130, 176, 326, 391
Sein Lwin (the “Butcher”) 29, 36, 37, 43, 45, 46
Sejersted, Francis 299–300
Shan Nationalities League for Democracy 268
Shan States and people 14, 60, 101, 104–10, 177, 249, 277, 351, 365, 372
Sharp, Gene 390–1, 392, 393, 394, 398
shinbyu (coming-of-age ceremony) 25, 237, 292
Shwedagon pagoda 15, 37, 44, 45, 53, 54, 98, 163, 173, 378
importance 52
restoration 346–7
Singapore 263
Skidmore, Monique 325
Soe Tin, U 215
Soe Tint, U 154
Soe Win 32
Soon Kyway 156
South Africa 298
South Korea 263
Soviet Union 29, 75, 212, 225, 299
St. Anthony’s College, Oxford 23
St. Hugh’s College, Oxford 18, 25, 185, 189, 190–200, 298
State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) see military regime
State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) see military regime
Storey, David 155
Suu Kyi see Aung San Suu Kyi
Syriam oil refinery bombings 154
System of Correlation of Man and his Environment 202–3
Tagore, Rabindranath 90, 181, 187, 188
“Walk Alone” 291–2
Taliban 18
Tass (Soviet news agency) 75
Tatmadaw see Burmese Army
Taunggyi 108
Taylor, Robert 257
Thailand 11, 47, 163, 263, 273, 276, 337, 351, 372, 374, 383
Than É, Dora 198–9, 203, 210–11, 214, 215, 216, 218
Than Han, Lieutenant Colonel 353
assassination plot on Suu Kyi 349, 359, 361
assassination plot failure 361–2, 364
brings down Khin Nyunt 365
concocts constitutional scheme 371–2, 378, 383
engineers rigged general election 368
grants permission for Suu Kyi’s family to visit 304
“leniency” over Suu Kyi’s detention extension 384
rejects negotiated agreement 364, 366
removes fuel subsidy 375
rises to chairmanship of SLORC 301, 302, 310
suppresses monk’s Peace March 379
Than Tun (Communist Party leader) 86, 95, 177, 201–2
Than Tun, Brigadier General
imprisonment 365
liases with Suu Kyi 345, 361, 364, 365
Thant Myint-U 3, 213, 214, 225, 227, 228–9, 390
Tharana Gon sutra 100–1
thathanabaing (senior monk) 8
Thaung Htun 279
Theravada Buddhism 52, 87, 195, 217, 373
Thich Nhat Hanh 388
Thingyan (water festival) 31, 121
slogan competition 132–5
“Thirty Comrades” 10, 166, 229, 286
Tibet 23, 89, 207, 208, 209, 221, 385
Tibetan and Himalayan Studies Center, Oxford 331
Tibetan Buddhism 217
Time magazine 386
Tin Maung Win, U 393
Tin Oo, U 66–8, 68–9, 70, 74, 96, 134, 250, 308, 352
arrest and imprisonment 245, 261
Clements’ visit 317
and creation of NLD 84–5
Depayin attack 357
first meeting with Suu Kyi 67–8
meditation practice 295
Tin Pe (“Red Brigadier’) 202, 203, 226
Tin Tin 168, 172, 174, 176, 189, 200–1, 208
Tin Tun Oo, Dr. 366
Tinker, Hugh 205
Tokyo 10, 11, 12, 38, 239, 326
Trickett, Rachel 298
Tutu, Desmond 297
U Nu 40, 49, 147, 157, 166, 169, 172, 176–7, 178, 213, 264
attacks Khrushchev 225
denounces Ne Win at UN 225–6
house arrest 262
legitimacy through association with Aung San 284
“prime minister” claim 64
release from detention 303
funeral fiasco 41, 224–5, 226, 227–9, 388
illness and death 224
New York home 214
saves Burmese-Soviet relationship 225
as Secretary General of United Nations 3, 18, 204, 211, 212, 213, 214–15, 253
UK see Britain
Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) xiii, xiv, xv, 350, 369
Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA) 303, 350–1, 352
attacks and intimidation 324–5, 351
United Nationalities League for Democracy (UNLD) 268
United Nationals Democratic Party 268
United Nations 18, 30, 41, 150, 198, 210, 211, 212, 213, 216, 217, 222, 224, 225, 253, 367, 382
Declaration of Human Rights 253
United States 175, 204, 212, 213, 307, 320, 346, 357, 370, 390
Burma relations 308
Burmese fear of 130
election monitor offers rebuffed 262
moral pressure 303
sanctions tightened against Burma 360
withdraws aid to Burma 80
US Campaign for Burma 323
US Subcommittee on International Terrorism and Human Rights 361–2
Vaillancourt, Josette 206
Visit Myanmar Year (1996) 317, 338, 339
Vivekananda, Swami 90
Voice, The 364
Warnock, Mary 194–5
Webb, Jim 384
Weber, Max 287
Wilson, Harold 189
Win Htein, U 136
Win Khut, U 93
Win Sein, U 352
Win Thein 105, 109, 123–4, 125, 132
Win Tin, U 49–50, 54, 55, 85, 115, 146, 151
arrest and imprisonment 153, 249–50
founding member of NLD 85, 115
support for tourism 323
Wordsworth, Elizabeth 192
Working People’s Daily 60, 77, 98, 100, 303
Xiamen (Amoy) 10
Yaydashe 113
Ye Htut, Colonel 269
Yettaw, John William 381–4
Young Men’s Buddhist Association (YMBA) 8