INDEX

Acharya, Shankar 196, 197, 190, 199, 200

Alaunghpaya, King 277, 278

Albright, Madeleine 307–8, 319

Algeria 198–9

All-Burma Patriotic Old Comrades League 67

All-Burma Students’ Democratic Front 279

All-Burma Students’ Union 64

Allies 6, 12, 13, 131, 161–2, 163

Allott, Anna 238

Anawrahta, King 277

Anglo-Burmese War (1824) 7, 123

Annan, Kofi 367

Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League (APFL) 12, 13, 14, 91, 162, 178, 369

Aquino Jr., Benigno 246

Aquino, Corazon 118

Aris, Alexander (son) 23, 70

life

birth 223

babyhood 221, 223, 235

childhood visits to Burma 223, 229

Dragon School, Oxford 235

shinbyu ceremony 25, 237, 292

in Indian Himalayas with Michael 238

visits Suu Kyi in Kyoto 241

joins Suu Kyi in Burma 34, 49

granted visa 97

with Suu Kyi before her house arrest 157

with Suu Kyi on her hunger strike 245

leaves Burma 247

Burmese passport invalidated 248

acceptance speech for Suu Kyi’s Nobel Peace Prize 300–1

Suu Kyi’s commitment to 119, 247–8

Suu Kyi’s reminiscences 106, 140, 142

Aris, Anthony (brother-in-law) 206, 207, 209, 217

Aris, Evelyn 230

Aris, John (father-in-law) 206–7, 230

death 245

Aris, Kim (son) 23, 70

life

birth 230

babyhood 235

Dragon School, Oxford 235

shinbyu ceremony 25, 237, 292

in Japan with Suu Kyi 238, 239

joins Suu Kyi in Burma 34, 49

granted visa 97

with Suu Kyi before her house arrest 157

with Suu Kyi on her hunger strike 245

leaves Burma 247

Burmese passport invalidated 248

acceptance of Suu Kyi’s Nobel Peace Prize 299

Suu Kyi’s commitment to 119, 247–8

Suu Kyi’s reminiscences 106, 140, 142

Aris, Lucinda (sister-in-law) 207, 331

Aris, Michael (husband) 5, 18–19, 111, 121, 131, 326

background 206–7

life

falls in love with Suu Kyi 207–8

tutor to royal house of Thimphu 25, 209–10, 222

courtship of Suu Kyi 25

engagement to Suu Kyi 217–18

letters from Suu Kyi 19, 217, 218–19

marriage to Suu Kyi 18, 219, 220

first trip to Burma with Suu Kyi 220–1

in Bhutan with Suu Kyi 221, 222

doctoral thesis 223

Brompton flat 223

in Nepal with Suu Kyi and Alexander 221, 223

visits Burma with Suu Kyi and Alexander 223, 229

Scotland stay with his family 229

St. John’s College fellowship 230

married life in Oxford 23, 25–6, 230–5

Noriko Ohtsu’s impressions 231–2

Wolfson College fellowship 235

St. Anthony’s College tenure 23

Indian Institute fellowship in Shimla 26, 238

visits Suu Kyi in Kyoto 241

receives news of Khin Kyi’s stroke 27

with Suu Kyi in Burma 34, 36, 39, 49, 53–4, 70, 78, 85

granted visa 97

suggests Ma Thanegi keeps diary 99

phone calls to Suu Kyi 104

go-between role in Suu Kyi’s hunger strike 245–7

visits to Suu Kyi in detention 254–6

letters and gifts to Suu Kyi 272

delivers Suu Kyi’s speech of thanks for honorary degree 291

visits Suu Kyi under house arrest 304

accuses Ma Thanegi of disloyalty 320

terminates relationship with Ma Thanegi 329

last Burma visit 330

work as Suu Kyi’s “other half” 328–31

prostate cancer 4, 332–3

refused visa 4, 332

death 4, 333

Monopoly clashes with Suu Kyi 157

passion for Tibet 23, 207, 208–9, 221, 331

regime insults 53

Armed Forces Day 146

Assistance Association for Political Prisoners 249

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 310, 315, 322, 338, 360

Attlee, Clement 14, 104, 177

Aung Aung 105, 140, 141, 157

Aung Gyi (student) 48

Aung Gyi, General

arrest (1965) 203

arrest (1988) 43

“communist” allegations against Suu Kyi and NLD 96, 115

condemns Enquiry Commission report 31–2

economic policy 202

election defeat 268

joins Suu Kyi’s resistance movement 68–9, 74

and NLD 84–5, 92–3, 94, 95, 96, 115

verdict on U Nu’s “prime minister” announcement 64

Aung Lwin, U 107

Aung Lynn Htut 320, 357, 361, 364

Aung Myint 77

Aung San (father) 5, 6, 9–15, 250

ana and awza 289

Buddhism 168

charisma 6

commemoration of death 40

conscientiousness 171

life

as student at Rangoon University 6, 9, 39, 43, 85, 90–1

as “Thakin” leader 9

and “Revolution of 1300” 9–10, 15, 43

Japan trip 10, 239

“Blue Print” (authorship disputed) 284–5

fights alongside Japanese 26, 162, 278

civil murder charge 162

trains Burmese Independence Army 10

misgivings about Japanese 10, 11, 161

meets Khin Kyi Rangoon Hospital 11–12

marriage to Khin Kyi 12 (1942)

joins Allies against Japanese 12–13, 398

sets up Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League 12

interview with William Slim 13, 161–2, 163

refuses army pension 169

Myitkyina visit 136

anticipates early death 165–6

calls for nonviolent action against Britain 13–14

meets with Nehru 180

independence negotiations with Attlee 14, 104

signs Panglong Agreement 14, 104, 177, 278

elected leader of Burma 1947 14

fleeting presence in family 164–5

assassination 14–15, 24, 33, 127–8, 165–6, 176, 300, 331

burial place 52, 98

marginalized by regime 148–9, 164, 258, 284

Maung Maung’s portrayal 47

Ne Win assassination order rumor 40

parallels with Suu Kyi 15–16

photographs 12, 15

and political legitimacy 92, 130, 284

Suu Kyi compared 398

Suu Kyi’s biography 9, 26, 161, 165, 236–7

U Tin Oo’s memories 68

veneration in Burma 13, 32, 38, 39, 44, 300

Aung San Chit (sister), death 164, 165

Aung San (Ko Ko) Lin (brother) 15, 24–5, 142, 164, 166–7, 169, 170

death 119, 170–1

Aung San Oo (brother) 24, 34, 38–9, 48, 50, 164, 166, 168, 180, 204

absence from Suu Kyi’s wedding 220

blocks repairs to Suu Kyi’s house 368

froideur 205

Aung San Suu Kyi

appearance 24, 42, 189–90, 183, 232, 297, 371, 397

attachment to Puppy 222

and Aung San

awareness of his legacy 5–6, 16, 24–5, 118, 127–8, 172, 191, 218, 300

childhood memories 165

compared 398

effects of his death 165, 166

feels his presence 290–1

immersion in his life and work 239

parallels 15–16

writes biography 9, 26, 161, 165, 236–7

author’s meetings with 341–4, 397

awards 385

honorary degree from University of Nepal 291

Honorary Fellowship, St. Hugh’s College 298

Nobel Peace Prize 299–301, 315

Sakharov prize for Freedom of Thought 299

Thorolf Rafto Prize for Human Rights 299

beliefs

Buddhism 312, 370, 292–3

freedom of the spirit 254

nonviolence 116–17, 145, 153, 370, 388–9, 392, 294

challenges and defies Ne Win 56, 58, 145, 151–2, 257, 369

character 24, 42, 144, 193, 205

alleged stubbornness 343–4

consistency 398

discipline 292

generosity of spirit 255

hospitality 230

irreverent humor 24, 185, 194, 305

liking for tradition 233

moral commitment 190–1, 193, 194, 281–2, 327

suited to confinement 398

tomboy tendencies 172

truthfulness 233–4

closeness to Aung San Lin 167, 170

commitment to Burma 5, 25, 26–7, 18–19, 229–30, 241–2

“communist” allegations 96, 108, 115, 147, 153, 261

corporate sponsors 108

development of thinking 258–9

identification with democratic cause 101

impact on Burma 369–71, 387–8

impact on the world 388–94

interests and activities

cycling 196

literature 175, 184–5, 190–1

meditation 255, 292, 295–6

punting 196

writing 175

international celebrity 3, 117–18, 298, 384–6

life

birth 6, 13, 131–2, 161, 163

early childhood in Rangoon 163–71

schooldays in Rangoon 171–6

residence in Delhi 16, 24, 71, 179, 180–8, 189, 204

at St. Hugh’s College, Oxford 18, 25, 189, 190–200

alcohol experiment 112, 197

friendship with Dora Than É 198–9, 210, 231

Algeria visit 198–9

love affair with Tariq Hyder 199–200, 207, 208

visits Burma as a student 40, 41, 42, 200–1

Burmese marriage candidates 200–1, 207, 208

decides to go abroad 203

lack of direction post-graduation 204, 221

in London with the Gore-Booths 205

declines invitation for audience with Ne Win (1967) 206

romance with Michael Aris 25, 207–9

abortive postgraduate studies in New York 210–11

UN post in New York 18, 25, 211, 213–14, 219

volunteers in New York 214

passport incident 215–16

visits Michael in Bhutan 217

engagement to Michael 217–18

letters to Michael 218–19

marriage to Michael 18, 219, 220

visits to Burma with Michael 220–1

married life in Bhutan 221, 222

Brompton flat 223

birth of Alexander 223

Nepal trip with Michael and Alexander 221, 223

Scotland stay with Michael’s family 230

visits Burma with Michael and Alexander 223, 229

meets Kyaw Zaw in Rangoon 229–30

married life in Oxford 18, 23–4, 25–7, 230–6, 305

birth of Kim 230

inability to breastfeed 235

work for Bodleian 236

visits Burma for shinbyu ceremony 237

rejected for PhD 237–8

SOAS literature course 27, 238

research fellowship in Japan 26, 238–42, 259

in Shimla with Michael 26, 90, 238, 258

receives news of Khin Kyi’s stroke 27

returns to Burma to nurse Khin Kyi 4, 15, 27, 30, 119

takes Khin Kyi home 34

witnesses Institute of Medicine protests 33

joined in Burma by family 34–5

watches Ne Win resign on television 39

decision to enter politics 39, 119, 240–1

crash course in political history 42

absence from protests 46

University Avenue think tank 47–8, 49–50, 63

“People’s Consultative Committee” proposal 48–9

secret meeting with U Tin Aung Hein 51

Rangoon General Hospital speech 15, 51–2, 250

Shwedagon pagoda speech 53–8, 67, 71, 81, 92, 295, 388

success with Burma Spring reforms 59

rejects U Nu’s “prime minister” announcement 64

first meeting with U Tin Oo 67–8

meeting with election commission 68–9

call for interim government 69

house besieged 74–5, 84

reaction to military crackdown 78

creates National League for Democracy (NLD) 80, 84–6

rift with Aung Gyi 93, 96

campaign trail (late 1988) 93–5

Khin Kyi’s death 97–8

condolence visit from Saw Maung and Khin Nyint 98, 130

appeals for calm at Khin Kyi’s funeral 98, 99

campaign trail (1989) 100–14, 120–1, 122–7, 129, 131–3, 135–44, 147–8, 192, 222, 263–4, 292

Danubya near-death incident 125–7, 129, 131

Thingyan slogan competition finale 134–5

takes hard line against regime 145–6, 151, 318–19

campaign of civil disobedience 150–1

speech attacking Ne Win 151–2, 296

declines SLORC Martyr’s Day invitation 154

averts bloodbath at Martyr’s Day demonstrations 156–7

decision to be arrested 157–8

house arrest (1989–1995) 158, 245, 254–60, 261, 289–96, 304–6, 367–8, 387–8

hunger strike 245–7

house arrest regime 254–5

votes in general election 261

refuses to accept “favors” 271–2, 290

conditions to Rewata Dhamma for leaving Burma 305

“dialogue” with SLORC 305–6

release (1995) 297–8, 306–7, 308, 326, 338

impromptu speech on release 308–9

weekend chats 309–10

Thamanya trips 311–14, 351

rift with Ma Thanegi 318–21, 396

Natmauk trip 398

USDA attacks 324–5, 351

Michael’s illness and death 4, 332–4

Dala stand-off 334, 338

house arrest (2000) 338

release (2002) 337, 345

negotiations with the regime 339, 347–8, 360, 363–5

campaign trail (2002) 350–6

Depayin attack 356–9

imprisoned in Insein Jail 359–60, 371

hospitalization 371

house arrest (2003–2010) xiii, 360, 367, 371, 395

monks pay respects on Peace Walk 378, 395

visit from John Yettaw (2009) 382

trial after Yettaw’s visit 383–4

exclusion from 2010 election campaign xiii

release (2010) xv–xvi, 3

love for her family 106, 119, 140, 142, 247–8, 301, 395–6

and the outside world 117–18, 130–1, 176

personality cult 94, 128, 281

political confinement 397–8

political “failure” 257, 369

political importance 257–8

popularity with Burmese people 3, 4, 5, 38, 144, 257–8, 281, 310, 348, 369–70

regime sees as number one domestic menace 258

regime slurs and threats 3, 53, 113, 149, 315, 316, 318, 331, 338

relationship with Aung San Oo 205, 220

relationship with sangha 147, 281–2

response to monsoon season 33–4

role as moral exemplar 379–80

views

on the armed forces 71, 118

on negotiations with regime 342–4

on sanctions 321–2

on tourism boycott 317–18, 322–3

“voluntary” nature of detention 3–5, 248

writings 378

biography of Aung San 9, 26, 161, 165, 236–7

children’s travel books 26, 236

essays 5, 16–18, 90, 258–9, 264

“Freedom from Fear” 252–4, 273, 309

“A Friend in Need” 327–8

“Letters from Burma” 311, 312–14, 318, 326, 327–8, 351

Mainchini Daily News column 367–8

Aung Shwe, U 308

Aung Tin, U 224

Aung-Thwin, Michael 270–1

Austen, Jane 175, 190–1, 194

Aye Aye Thant 204

Ba Maw 10

Bago state 94, 103

balachaung (Burmese dish) 222

Bangkok 28, 131, 258, 267, 304, 330, 337, 385, 393

Bangladesh 38, 303, 351

Bassein 102–3

baung-bi chut (ex-military men) 85, 96

v intelligentsia 92–3

Baw Oo Tun 64

BBC 43, 45, 54, 61, 77, 131, 286, 289, 367, 373

Beatles 189, 192, 196

Ben Bella, Ahmed 198

Bengal 6, 8, 16, 17

Bertie, Andrew 207

Bhutan 23, 25, 209–10, 217, 221, 222, 223, 230, 231, 232, 236

Bhutto, Benazir 38, 118

Blavatsky, Madame 217

Bo Kyi 46

Bo Lwin 125

Bo Min Lwin 105

Bo Mya, General 391–2, 393

Bodleian Library 236, 237

Bogyoke Aung San Museum 164

Bose, Subhas Chandra 10

Britain

freedom from government-imposed fear 252

ignorance of Asian religion and philosophy 194–5

sanctions against Burma 360

trade with Burma 318

British Council 18, 201

British rule in Burma 6–9, 13–14, 16, 26, 87, 90, 102, 278, 288

abolition of Burmese monarchy 6, 7, 8, 147, 294

British rule in India 6–7, 8–9, 16, 26, 90, 181, 370

Buchan, John (Lord Tweedsmuir) 206–7

Buddha 52, 116, 216, 314, 377

Burmese 241

images “miracle” 282

Buddhism 28, 66, 161, 194–5, 197, 220, 221, 292–3, 328

in Burma 8, 9, 52, 87–8, 135, 147, 168, 202, 260, 311–12

coherence with democracy 264

Five Precepts 88, 197

relationships between different schools 216–17

see also Mahayana Buddhism; Theravada Buddhism; Tibetan Buddhism

Buddhist Liturgy 217

Burma 11, 236

ana and awza 289

birds and fish release ceremony 135

British colonial rule 6–9, 13–14, 16, 26, 87, 90, 102, 278, 288

Buddhism 8, 9, 52, 87–8, 135, 147, 168, 202, 260, 311–12

climate of fear 252–4, 288–9, 325, 389

command economy disaster 29, 226

communist-inspired reforms 202–3

Constituent Assembly elections (1947) 14

constitution 64, 151, 265, 266, 269–70, 271, 274, 310–11, 324, 362, 363, 378,

constitution referendum (2008) 372, 380

cult of Aung San 38, 130

and democracy concept 86–7, 263–4, 368–9

demonetization 29

economic boom (1995) 337–8

economic liberalization 263, 265, 321

economic recovery hit 339

general election (1990) xiv, 5, 158, 261–71, 369

general election (2010) xiii–xv, 3, 368, 369, 386

general strike (8/8/88) 43, 45–6, 152

first nationalist stirrings 8

foreign exchange reserves 263

health system 30

independence (1948) 176–7

India compared 89–90, 181, 187–8, 258

internal divisions 177–8, 214–15, 277–9

isolationism 130, 155, 175, 176, 201, 323

Japan relationship 303–4, 306–7

Japanese invasion (1942) 11, 12, 87, 278

Japanese ousted (1945) 13, 163

least-developed-nation status 18, 30

Lonely Planet quoted 28–9

mass lay-meditation movement 294–5

military coup (1962) 18, 79–80, 187, 202

military crackdown (18 September 1988) 72–8, 152

monsoon season 33–4

“opposition” concept 87, 91–2

popularity of Suu Kyi 4, 5, 144, 257–8, 281, 310, 348, 369–70

poverty 5, 18, 29, 227, 388

pre-coup 175–6

public libraries 373–4

rebuilding on old foundations 258–60, 312

Republic of Burma formed (1958) 277

renamed Myanmar (1989) 102, 149–50, 285, 346

resistance to elitism 90

“Revolution of 1300” (1938) 9–10, 15

sanctions 308, 321–2

Second World War depredations 130, 176

Seven-Point Road Map to Democracy 362–3, 371–2, 386

“Six Evils” 137

social unrest (1974) 66–7, 226–7

student protests (1987) 29

tourism 317, 322–4

traditional society 88–9

uprising (1988) 5, 15, 30–3, 37, 42–80, 251, 287, 326, 377, 388–9, 390

Union of Burma flag 41

Union of Burma formed (1947) 104

US relationship 308

xenophobia 208

Burma Campaign UK 323

Burma Human Rights Day 146

Burma Independence Army (BIA) 10, 11, 40, 163, 177

Burma National Army 12–13, 161, 162

Burma Socialist Program Party (BSPP) 39, 51, 61, 63, 64, 68–9, 95

disestablishment 59, 69–70

election commission 68–9

extraordinary congress (1988) 35–6

see also National Unity Party

Burma Spring (August/September 1988) 59–71, 273

Burman, The (Scott) 88

Burmans 9, 14, 17, 28, 38, 88, 89, 90, 104, 149, 177, 277, 278, 281

Burmese Army (Tatmadaw) 40, 123, 172, 273, 275, 276–7, 279, 284, 294, 303, 389, 390 see also military regime

Burmese character 141

Burmese Communist Party (BCP) 86, 95–6, 153, 177, 201–2

Burmese diaspora 38–9

Burmese Embassy, London 248, 304

Burmese Literary Society 42

Burmese monarchy 85, 87

abolition by the British 6, 7, 8, 87, 147, 294

massacre of rivals 89

symbiosis with sangha 147, 285–6

Burmese Red Cross xv, 76

“butterfly effect” 394

Calcutta (Kolkata) 7, 10, 87, 149

Canning, Mark 383–4

Canvas (activist group) 394

Carey, Peter 231, 234, 236, 329, 398

Chan Aye, U 151

Charles, Prince of Wales 4, 331, 332

Charney, Michael W. 3, 69, 77, 177, 202

Chaudhuri, Nirad C. 187

Chiang Kai-Shek 10

Chime Youngdroung Rinpoche 220

China 10, 86, 95, 176, 186, 202, 203, 372

and Tibet 209, 385

Christianity 135–6, 168, 233

Roman Catholic 181–2

Christopher, Robin 190–1, 198, 220, 231, 333

Clements, Alan 165, 199, 211, 247–8, 295, 316, 317

Clinton, Bill 308

Coca-Cola 263

Cold War 212

communism 9, 86, 95, 86, 202–3

allegations against Suu Kyi and NLD 96, 108, 115, 147, 153, 261

see also Burmese Communist Party

Convent of Jesus and Mary, Delhi 181–2, 184

Cook, Robin 206

Cuban missile crisis 212

Currie, Clare 324

Cyclone Nargis 102, 130, 372, 380

Dalai Lama 3, 385

Danubya 123–7, 129, 351

Daw Khin Gyi (aunt) 256

Daw Khin Khin Win 256

Daw Khin Kyi (mother) 25, 96, 154, 198, 229

appearance and 12, 15, 183

belief in honesty 165

character 164, 183

disdain for Ne Win 40–1

as hostess 186, 223–4

life

nurses Aung San 11–12

marriage to Aung Sun 12

takes refuge in Hmway Suang village 131–2, 162–3

birth of Suu Kyi 132, 163

National Women and Children’s Welfare Board directorship 169

move to University Avenue 170–1

exile to Delhi ambassadorship 16, 40–1, 152, 179, 180

retirement and return to Burma 201–2, 203

post-retirement seclusion 223–4

opposition to Suu Kyi’s engagement 208

absence from Suu Kyi’s wedding 220

accepts Michael 223

stroke 4, 15, 27, 30

hospitalization 119

final days at home 34–5, 49, 82, 256

death 97

funeral 98–9

as mother 167–9, 190

Daw Myint Myint Khin 85, 288

De Riedmatten, Leon 338, 339, 341

“death railway” 11

Dedaye 121, 131

Delhi/New Delhi 16, 18, 24, 179, 180–8, 189, 198, 200, 206, 305

democracy

concept in the Burmese context 86–7, 263–4, 368–9

in India 89–90, 180

Seven-Point Road Map to 362–3, 371–2, 386

Suu Kyi’s call to arms 56–7

regime’s promises 35, 59, 65, 79, 80, 84, 100, 104, 117, 145, 147, 262, 301

regime’s indefinite postponement 310

democracy movement 61, 63–4, 65, 81, 84

beginnings 43–4, 49

military recruits 70–1

nonviolence 116, 389

Suu Kyi’s leadership 15, 67–8

see also National League for Democracy (NLD)

Democratic Alliance of Burma (DAB) 275, 280

Democratic Voice of Burma (DVB) 376, 379

Denby, Kenneth 381

Depayin massacre 356–9, 362

Development Assistance Charter 303

Dorman-Smith, Sir Reginald 13, 14, 165

Dragon School, Oxford 235

Dukgo 113–14

Dunkley, Ross 339–40

exposure and arrest 365–6

East India Company 6

Ebadi, Shirin 384

Eddie Thwin, U 154–5

England

crumbling morals 194

“Glorious Revolution” 80

impression of permanence 27–8

popular culture 189

English Methodist High School, Rangoon 171–3, 174–5, 181

Erlanger, Steve 117–19, 153

Fascist Resistance Day 146

Faulder, Dominic 43–4

Federal University, Manerplaw 279–80

Finnis, John 299

First World War 7

Fitch, Ralph 52

Ford Foundation 18, 201

From Dictatorship to Democracy (Sharp) 393, 394

Furnivall, J. S. 258–9, 312

Gambari, Ibrahim 367, 371

Gandhi, Indira 38, 186

Gandhi, Mohandas Mahatma 3, 7, 8, 10, 38, 90, 100, 105, 116, 181, 187, 194, 258, 300, 370, 390

Gandhi, Rajiv 186

Gandhi, Sanjay 186

Gandhi, Sonia 180

Gautama Buddha 52, 216

Ghosh, Amitav 319–20, 322

Girard, Greg 276, 279

Gladstone, William 87

Golden Earth (Lewis) 173

Gordon, Robert 345–6

Gore-Booth, Christopher 206

Gore-Booth, David 206, 208

Gore-Booth, Lady Pat 186, 190, 205, 207, 220, 223

Gore-Booth, Lord Paul 186, 190, 205, 220, 223

Grantown-on-Spey 230

Gunness, Christopher 43

Guomindang 10

Hammerskjöld, Dag 212

Harvard Center for International Affairs 390, 391

Havel, Václav 299

Helvey, Robert 389–92, 394

Herbert, Patricia 167

Hindus 87, 101, 174, 181

History of Modern Burma (Charney) 3

Hla Min, Colonel 320

Hla Pe, U 137, 138

Hmway Saung village 132, 163

Hmwe Hmwe 61

Houtman, Gustaaf 87, 91–2, 148, 285, 289, 311, 314

Hsar Malauk 122–3

Htun Wai 54, 56, 57

Htwe Han 35

Htwe Myint, U 41

Hume, David 287–8, 303

Hwe Myint 49

Hyder, Tariq 199–200, 207, 208

In This Very Life (Sayadaw U Pandita) 255, 293, 294

Independent 72, 75, 86, 99, 117, 269, 318, 330, 337, 341, 344, 384

India 11

British Raj 6–7, 8–9, 16, 26, 90, 181

Burma compared 16–18, 26, 181, 187–8, 258

colonial racism 182

democracy 89–90

dynastic principle 38

Gandhi’s journeys 100

independence 213, 370

and Pakistan 200

Suu Kyi’s residence in 16, 71, 179, 180–8, 189, 204

Indian Institute of Advanced Study 26, 238

Indian National Army 10

Indian National Congress Party 7, 180, 187, 370

Indian Renaissance 17, 258

Inlay Lake 109–10

Insein Jail 245, 251–2, 261, 272, 326, 360, 366, 371, 383

evacuation 62–3

International Crisis Group 386, 387

Inya Lake 34, 39, 41, 99, 171, 381

Irrawaddy Delta 101, 102–3, 112, 120–1, 122–7, 131–2, 162, 277, 351, 372, 380

Ismail, Razali 338, 347–8, 350, 360, 363, 364

Ismartono, Yuli 269

Issariya, Asshin (King Zero) 373–4, 375

Jahangir, Asma 385

Jallianwala Bagh massacre 7

Japan 8, 56, 232, 259, 305

Aung San’s visit 10, 176

Burma relationship 306–7

invasion of Burma 11, 12, 87, 278

ousted from Burma 13, 163

suspends economic aid to Burma 80, 303–4, 360

Suu Kyi’s stay 26, 238–42, 259

Jordt, Ingrid 346, 349, 377, 379–80

Joya, Malalai 385

Kachin state and people 44, 101, 104, 135–9, 144, 177

Karen National Liberation Army 275

Karen state and people 14, 43, 77, 104, 177, 275–9, 351, 372, 389

Karlekar, Malavika 181, 182–3, 184, 185, 200

karma 98, 388, 394

Kayah (Karenni) state 111–12

Kennedy, J. F. 212

Kennedy, Phoebe 384

Khaing Saw Tun 280, 288

Khin Kyi see Daw Khin Kyi

Khin Maung Win, U 361

Khin Myint 175

Khin Nyunt, General 145, 340, 345–6, 359, 366

Albright visit 307

anger over Depayin massacre 360

arrest and detention 365, 368, 371

“communist” allegations against Suu Kyi and NLD 96, 153, 261–2

condolence visit to Suu Kyi 98, 130

constituent assembly argument 270

“dialogue” with Suu Kyi (1994) 305–6

evasion over election date 117

fails to become SLORC chairman 302

“favors” to Suu Kyi in detention 271–2, 290

modernization of Burma 345, 338

named prime minister 362

negotiations with Suu Kyi (2003) 347–8, 349, 360, 363–5

revitalization of religion 346

Seven-Point Road Map to Democracy 362–3

Shwedagon pagoda restoration 346–7

tourist drive 317

warns of Suu Kyi “danger” 316

Khrushchev, Nikita 212, 225

Kim (Kipling) 175

King, Martin Luther 116

Kipling, Rudyard 16, 175

Kitty Ba Than 41

Ko Aung 83, 94

Ko Ko (schoolboy witness) 44

Ko Maw 83, 84, 104

Ko Myint Swe 82–3, 84, 94, 158, 237

Koe-chan 240

Koko Gyi 48

Konbaung Dynasty 85, 278

Kyansittha, King 287, 289

Kyaw Soe Lin 352, 356, 358, 359

Kyaw Zaw, Brigadier 229–30

Kyi Maung, U 41, 42, 65–6, 85, 96, 146, 261, 268, 273, 297, 308

arrest 274

meditation practice 295

urges negotiations with SLORC 318–19

Kyoto 239, 241

Kyoto University 26, 238, 239–40

Lady Sri Ram College, Delhi 184–6, 189

League for Democracy and Peace (Provisional) 64

legitimacy 37–8, 287–8

Aung San and 92, 130, 284

and hpoun (spiritual potency) 347

military regime xiv, 58, 146, 284–6, 288, 303, 346, 362, 380

and the sangha 147, 346

Lewis, Norman 52, 95, 173–4, 177, 208, 212

Limbin, Peter 280

Linter, Bertil 31, 36, 42, 45, 55, 61–2, 63, 70–1, 72, 73–4, 76, 101–2, 250–1, 267–8, 271, 301, 330–1, 331

Lives of Others, The (film) 321

London 14, 17, 27, 46, 104, 176, 180, 186, 189–90, 197, 198, 204, 205, 207, 219, 223

Lonely Planet 28, 324

Lorenz, Edward 394

loyal opposition concept 86–7, 91–2

Ma Khin Kyi see Daw Khin Kyi

Ma Thanegi 81–4, 85, 93, 94, 115, 127–8, 144, 146, 191

arrest and imprisonment 158, 245

and author’s expulsion from Burma 396–7

diaries 99, 100–1, 102, 103, 104, 105–14, 116–17, 119, 120, 121, 122–6, 131–44, 151, 154, 156, 157–8, 165, 167–8, 169, 170, 176, 223, 292, 301, 319, 329, 330, 395

joins Suu Kyi’s staff 81–2

rift with Suu Kyi 318–21, 396

temporary help after Suu Kyi’s release 308

“turned” in prison 320–1, 396

Ma Thida 105

Mae Sam Leb 276

Maguire, Mairead 384

Magwe state 94

Mahasi Sayadaw 293

Mahatir Mohamad 347

Mahayana Buddhism 305

malaria 11, 262, 273, 279

Mandalay

British invasion (1885) 7

Fascist Resistance Day demonstrations (1989) 146

monks’ demonstrations (1990) 282–3

protests (1938) 10

public libraries 27, 374

Suu Kyi’s campaign visits (1989) 94, 101, 136

Suu Kyi’s campaign visit (2003) 351–2

taken by Karen insurgents (1948) 177

uprising (1998) 44, 61, 62

Mandalay University shut down (1974) 229

Mandela, Nelson 4, 297

Manerplaw 275, 276–7, 279–81, 389, 391–2

Mao Zedong 10

Marshall, Andrew 386, 387

Martyrs’ Day 33, 40, 53, 149, 152, 164, 245

Martyr’s Day demonstrations (1989) 154–7, 259

Marxism 86, 96, 202

Maung Aye, General 302, 361, 365

Maung Ko, U 253

Maung Maung Khin, Vice Admiral 306

Maung Maung, Dr. 46–7, 51, 56, 58, 63, 64, 69, 70, 72, 284, 285

sacking 78

Maung Phone Maw 30, 31, 146

Maung Thaw Ka 42, 65, 250–1

imprisonment and death 250, 251–2, 326

“Just One Matchstick” 251–2

Maung Tun, Major 126

Maung Zarni, Dr. 38–9, 362

May Oung, U 17YMBA 17

McCarthy, Terry 72–3, 75, 78, 79, 117, 269, 270, 330

meditation 67, 137, 216, 255, 259, 292–6, 304, 311, 346

Mee Ma Ma 256

metta (loving-kindness) 292, 311–14, 351

Mikami, Yoshikazu 240

Military Intelligence 95, 96, 108–9, 155, 251, 261, 288, 302, 309, 320–1, 340, 345, 373, 383

and author’s expulsion from Burma 396–7

raid on 365

military regime/SLORC/SPDC

attempts to persuade Suu Kyi to leave Burma 304–5

Aung Gyi’s suspected deal with 115

blitz on NLD publications 151

blocks Suu Kyi’s campaigning tours (late 1990s) 348–9

brutality and viciousness 26, 31, 37, 254, 283, 328

clean-up campaign 263

command economy disaster 226

Committee for Writing Slogans for Nationals 135

“communist” allegations against Suu Kyi and NLD 96, 108, 115, 147, 153, 261

complacency 31

concessions over Daw Khin Kyi’s funeral 98

concocts constitutional scheme 371–2

coup (1962) 60, 79–80, 187–8, 202, 284, 323

crackdown on Saffron Revolution (2007) 375, 378–9

crackdown on students and youth (1974) 229

credibility problems 93

Danubya incident (1989) 123–7, 129, 131

“democracy” promises 35, 59, 65, 79, 80, 84, 100, 104, 117, 145, 147, 262, 274–5, 301

in denial about Suu Kyi’s popularity 308

“dialogue” with Suu Kyi (1995) 305–6

disarray amongst ruling triumvirate 359, 361

downplays Depaying massacre 361

economic liberalization 321

factors preventing elimination of Suu Kyi 130

“favors” to Suu Kyi in detention 271–2

formation of SLORC (Sept 1988) 80, 266, 362

forced repatriation of Michael’s housekeepers 328

Frank Trager’s friendly relationship with 211

and general election (1990) 261–3, 265–71

attempts to secure victory 261–3

decree 1/90 274

defeat shock xiv, 158, 266–7, 268–9

evasion over date 117

post-election moratorium 273

pull-back before polling day 265–6

retention of power through “constituent assembly” argument 269–71, 274

and general election (2010)

fixing xiv–xv, 3, 386–7

theft covered by releasing Suu Kyi xvi

impervious to love and truth 314

imprisonments, torture and killings (1989–91) 145, 245, 249–52, 274, 369

improving luck and skill 368

and the international community 117, 263, 304, 338–9, 372–3, 387–8

invalidates Alexander and Kim’s Burmese passports 248

and John Yettaw’s visit to Suu Kyi 383–4

legitimacy xiv, 58, 146, 284–6, 288, 303, 346, 362, 380

marginalization of Aung San 148–9, 164, 258, 284

name change to State Peace and Development Council 334

negotiations with Suu Kyi (around 2003) 339, 347–8, 363–4

nyein-wut-pi-pyar (silent-crouched-crushed-flattened’) requirement 252

popular loathing and disgust for 288–9

renames Burma (1989) 102, 149–50, 285, 346

response to civil disobedience campaign (1989) 151

response to martyrdom commemoration demonstrations (1989) 153–4

response to Martyr’s Day demonstrations (1989) 154–5

response to monks’ demonstrations (1990) 283–4

response to NLD constitution initiative (1996) 324–5

response to social unrest (1974) 226–7

and Suu Kyi’s Nobel Peace Prize 299

response to Thingyan Festival competition (1989) 133–4, 135

response to uprising (1988) 30–1, 33, 45–6, 129–30

appeals for students’ return 93

“Burma Spring” reforms 59–61

declares martial law 44

Enquiry Commission report 31–2

forcible withdrawal of funds from Myanma Foreign Trade Bank 62, 70

government purge 78–9

Insein Jail prison evacuation 62–3

military crackdown 72–8, 116

stupidity 26

Suu Kyi slurred and threatened 53, 113, 149, 315, 316, 318, 331 338

treatment of U Thant’s corpse 41, 227–9

“Visit Myanmar Year 1996” 317

widening gap with monks 281

Milosevic, Slobodan 394

Min Ko Naing 115, 375

Min lwe, U 83

Mindon, King 87

Mingaladon Airport, Rangoon 246, 337

Moe Hein 156

Mon state 117, 122, 277, 351

monks see sangha

monsoons 33–4

Monywa 353–6

Morland, Martin 37, 60, 62, 72, 131

Mountbatten, Countess 4, 332

Muslims 9, 42, 174, 197, 394

Rohingya refugees repatriated 303

Myanmar Times 340

Mydans, Seth 45, 377

Mying Aung, Brigadier 102, 121, 123, 124, 129

Myint Myint Khin 96, 115

Myint Thein, Brigadier General 384

Myint U, Captain 124, 125, 126

Myitkyina 136, 138

Myo Thein (“Tiger’) 94, 105, 106, 109, 122, 123, 136, 143

Naga tribes 111

Nagia, Kenji 378–9

Naing Aung, Dr. 377

National Coalition Government of The Union of Burma (NCGUB) 275, 280–1

National Convention 310–11, 324, 348, 362–3, 371, 378, 380

National League for Democracy (NLD) 5, 41, 341

arrests, imprisonments and killings 102, 117, 122, 134, 150 153, 154, 249–52, 253, 261, 267–8, 274, 324, 359, 369

Aung Gyi’s resignation 115

bamboo hat symbol 157, 266

basic objectives 86

bombing accusations 154

calendar of martyrdom 152

campaign of civil disobedience 150–1

Central Executive Committee 85, 96, 107, 116, 131, 146, 151, 157, 251, 274, 288, 298, 319, 323

commemoration demonstrations 152–3, 154–5

“communist” accusations 96, 108, 115, 147, 153, 261

constitution initiative 324

current presence 397

de-registered xiii, 369

De Riedmatten’s views on cooperation with the regime 339

factionalism 92–3, 115–17, 111, 122, 369

formation 84–6

fraternity with sangha 147

“Gandhi Declaration” 273–4

and general election (1990)

manifesto 264–5

victory xiv, 158, 266–9, 348, 369

hard line regarding the army 145–6, 318–19

hijacking of calendar 146

informers suspected 396

membership numbers (1989) 117

metta as founding principle 312

and National Convention

pulls out of 311, 315–16, 362–3

signs up to 310

peacock flag 85, 99, 126

political/ethnic alliances 147–8

rebuilding xv, 298

stance on tourism 319, 232

Suu Kyi’s campaign tours 94–5, 100–14, 120–1, 122–7, 131–2, 135–44, 350–6

Thingyan slogan competition 132–5

Than Shwe promises talks 304

see also National Coalition Government of The Union of Burma (NCGUB) 275

NLD-Liberated Areas (NLD-LA) xv, 281

National Unity Party (NUP, formerly BSPP) 85, 113, 147, 261, 265, 372

election defeat 269, 284

Natmauk 9, 149, 398

Ne Win, General (Old Man, Number One) 32, 39, 49, 136, 286, 362

Aung Gyi’s attack on 92

and Burma’s deformation 18, 258, 326

claims legitimacy through Aung San 56, 130, 284–5

closes down Burma’s links to the West 18, 201

complacency 31

compulsory repatriation of Indians 18, 180

coup 60, 79–80, 187–8, 202, 284, 323

death in detention 345

declines Suu Kyi’s invitation to Buddhist

Lent ceremony 311

erratic nature 79

exiles Daw Khin Kyi to Indian ambassadorship 40–1, 179

first public appearance following resignation 146

government purge 78

hostility to U Thant 213

house arrest 345

humiliates U Thant’s corpse 224, 227–9

hypocrisy 206

identification with the army 71

judicial changes 280

“multiparty democracy” declaration 35, 37, 79–80, 262, 274–5, 301

obligatory portraits 38

official hagiography 46–7

plots takeover 178–9

polarizing policies 215

“resignation” speech 35–6, 41, 256

retains control behind the scenes 152, 274

as shadowy background figure 302–3

“shoot to hit” warning 36, 51, 73

spurns bond with monks 147

Suu Kyi challenges and defies 56, 58, 145, 151–2, 257, 296, 369

training in Japan 307

U Nu denounces at UN 225–6

violent rages 152

Nehru, Jawaharlal 38, 90, 180, 186, 187, 189

Nemoto, Kei 281

Nepal 221, 223, 236

New Delhi see Delhi

New Light of Myanmar xiv, 303, 306, 316, 318, 331, 339, 343, 375

New York 210–11, 213–16, 217, 225

New York Times 45, 117, 118, 128, 150, 153, 377

New Yorker 319–20, 322

Nichols, Leo 27, 326

imprisonment and death 326

Nita Yin Yin May 57–8, 131

Non-Aligned Movement 213

nonviolence 3, 14, 77, 95, 116, 145, 150, 153, 370, 378, 388–9, 390–4

Nyo Ohn Myint 47–8, 53–4, 72, 74–5

O’Brien, Harriet 183, 186, 229, 322

Ogata, Sadako 253

Ohtsu, Noriko 231–3, 234, 239, 240–1, 242–1

Olcott, Colonel Henry 217

One Kyat Note scandal 148, 164

Orwell, George 269, 293–4

Otpor (Serbian activist) 393–4

Outrage (Lintner) 251

Oxford 4, 18, 23, 25, 26, 27, 35, 78, 106, 142, 167, 230–6, 248, 301, 305, 328

Oxford University 18, 26, 41, 185, 189–200, 206, 299, 322

Pacific War 307

Packer, James 340

Padaung women 111, 112

Pagan 277, 288, 326, 375

Pakistan 186, 200

dynastic principle 38

Pakokku demonstration (2007) 375

Pallis, Marco 209

Pandita, Sayadaw U 293, 294, 295, 296, 311–12

Panglong Agreement (1947) 14, 104, 107, 177, 278

Pascal Khoo Thwe 61, 76–7

Pasternak Slater, Ann 191–3, 195–6, 197, 199, 200, 204, 205, 230–1, 233, 234, 235, 236, 255

Patrol Boat 103 (Maung Thaw Ka) 250

peacock symbol 85

Pearl Harbor 11

Phekhon 60–1, 76–7

Philippines 38

Phone Maw Journal 60

Pindaya cave pagoda 110

Puppy (Suu Kyi’s dog) 222

Pyitthu Hluttaw (national assembly) 265, 271, 274, 280

“Quit India Movement” 10

Raine, Craig 200

Rangoon 3, 4, 10, 25, 27, 38, 104, 131

25 Tower Lane 149, 163–4, 169, 171, 186, 195

54 University Avenue 5, 34, 41, 49, 53, 72, 74, 83, 84, 97, 98, 114, 154, 171, 223, 246–7, 306, 308–10, 325, 380, 381, 382

Albright visit (1995) 307–8

ballot-rigging (2010) xv

clean-up campaign (1990) 263

climate of fear (1996) 325

decline and fall 173–4, 178

Delhi compared 186–7

Fascist Resistance Day demonstrations (March 1989) 146

fuel price protests (2007) 375

Gandhi Hall 273

Internet cafes 367

Japanese bombing raid (1941) 11

liberated by Allies (1945) 6, 8, 13, 162, 163

Martyr’s Memorial 40

monks’ strike (1990) 283

mood during election campaign (2010) xiii–xiv

nationalist agitation 8–9

new hotels and airport buildings (1995) 337, 338, 339

Peace Walk (2007) 375–6

atrocities 378–9

pre-coup 175, 176

price rise protests (2007) 374

seized by British (1824) 7

Secretariat Building 14

Thingyan Festival competition (1989) 133–5

uprisings and aftermath (1988) 5, 44, 45, 50, 71–7, 100

see also Mingaladon Airport; Shwedagon pagoda

Rangoon City Hall 247

bombing (1989) 154

Rangoon General Hospital 11–12, 15, 27, 30, 34, 51, 67, 75, 250, 326

Rangoon Institute of Medicine 32, 33

Rangoon Institute of Technology 29

Rangoon monastic university 373

Rangoon University 6, 9, 30, 32, 39, 72, 83, 90, 149, 237

Students Union destruction (1962) 152–3, 154

U Thant riots (1974) 227–9

Rausing family 331

Reuters 155

“Revolution of 1300” (1938) 9–10, 15, 43

Revolutionary Council 202, 226

Rewata Dhamma, U 186, 305

Richardson, Hugh 209, 223, 236

River of Lost Footsteps (Thant Myint-U) 4

Rough Guides 324

Roy, Rammohun 17

Ruskin, John 194

Saffron Revolution (2007) 257–8, 283, 374, 375–80, 383

Sagaing division 94, 139–40, 353

sammavaca (right speech) 296

Sanda Win 129

sangha (community of monks) 7, 8, 88

8/8/88 anniversary demonstrations (1990) 282–4

deprived of state patronage 346

loss of royal patrons 294

military regime’s legitimacy tied to 346

moral force 373

Peace Walk (Saffron Revolution, 2007) 257–8, 283, 374, 375–80, 383

relationship to monarchy 285–6

support for Suu Kyi and NLD 108, 147, 281–2

widening gap with junta 281

Saw Maung, General

condolence visit to Suu Kyi 98, 130

effects of Suu Kyi’s Nobel Peace Prize 299

failing mental health 286–7

forcible retirement 287, 299

multiparty elections promise 79, 80, 84, 92, 100, 104, 145, 147, 270, 285

nervous breakdown 102, 287, 299, 301

replaces Maung Maung as president 79

Saw Tha Din 278

School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), London University 27, 223, 230, 231, 237–8

Scott, George (Shway Yoe) 85, 88, 89, 278

Second World War 8, 10, 12, 37, 130, 176, 326, 391

Sein Lwin (the “Butcher”) 29, 36, 37, 43, 45, 46

Sein Win, Dr. 275, 280

Sejersted, Francis 299–300

Shan Nationalities League for Democracy 268

Shan States and people 14, 60, 101, 104–10, 177, 249, 277, 351, 365, 372

Sharp, Gene 390–1, 392, 393, 394, 398

Shimla 26, 90, 238, 258

shinbyu (coming-of-age ceremony) 25, 237, 292

Shwedagon pagoda 15, 37, 44, 45, 53, 54, 98, 163, 173, 378

importance 52

restoration 346–7

Simpson, John 289, 381

Singapore 263

Skidmore, Monique 325

Slim, William 13, 161–2, 163

Smith, Martin 277, 278

socialism 9, 18, 78–9, 187

Soe Tin, U 215

Soe Tint, U 154

Soe Win 32

Sonny Swe 340, 365

Soon Kyway 156

South Africa 298

Southeast Asia 11, 24, 130

South Korea 263

Soviet Union 29, 75, 212, 225, 299

Sri Lanka 38, 217

St. Anthony’s College, Oxford 23

St. Hugh’s College, Oxford 18, 25, 185, 189, 190–200, 298

State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) see military regime

State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) see military regime

Steinberg, David 91, 310–11

Storey, David 155

Supayalat, Queen 7, 98

Suu Kyi see Aung San Suu Kyi

Suzuki, Keiji 10, 12

Syriam oil refinery bombings 154

System of Correlation of Man and his Environment 202–3

Tagore, Rabindranath 90, 181, 187, 188

“Walk Alone” 291–2

Taliban 18

Tass (Soviet news agency) 75

Tatmadaw see Burmese Army

Taunggyi 108

Taylor, Robert 257

Tenasserim 11, 101

Thailand 11, 47, 163, 263, 273, 276, 337, 351, 372, 374, 383

tourism 317, 323

Thakin Tin Mya 50, 51

Thakins 9, 10

Thamanya 311–14, 351

Than É, Dora 198–9, 203, 210–11, 214, 215, 216, 218

Than Han, Lieutenant Colonel 353

Than Shwe 39, 301–4, 306

assassination plot on Suu Kyi 349, 359, 361

assassination plot failure 361–2, 364

brings down Khin Nyunt 365

concocts constitutional scheme 371–2, 378, 383

creates USDA 303, 324, 350

engineers rigged general election 368

grants permission for Suu Kyi’s family to visit 304

“leniency” over Suu Kyi’s detention extension 384

meets with Suu Kyi 305, 363

refuses Michael visa 332

rejects negotiated agreement 364, 366

removes fuel subsidy 375

rises to chairmanship of SLORC 301, 302, 310

suppresses monk’s Peace March 379

Than Tun (Communist Party leader) 86, 95, 177, 201–2

Than Tun, Brigadier General

imprisonment 365

liases with Suu Kyi 345, 361, 364, 365

Thant Myint-U 3, 213, 214, 225, 227, 228–9, 390

Tharana Gon sutra 100–1

thathanabaing (senior monk) 8

Thaung Htun 279

Thein Swe, Brigadier 340, 365

Theravada Buddhism 52, 87, 195, 217, 373

Thibaw, King 7, 8, 89

Thich Nhat Hanh 388

Thingyan (water festival) 31, 121

slogan competition 132–5

“Thirty Comrades” 10, 166, 229, 286

Tibet 23, 89, 207, 208, 209, 221, 385

Tibetan and Himalayan Studies Center, Oxford 331

Tibetan Buddhism 217

Time magazine 386

Times, The xv, 325, 396

Tin Aung Hein, U 51, 57

Tin Maung Win, U 393

Tin Oo, U 66–8, 68–9, 70, 74, 96, 134, 250, 308, 352

arrest and imprisonment 245, 261

Clements’ visit 317

and creation of NLD 84–5

Depayin attack 357

first meeting with Suu Kyi 67–8

meditation practice 295

Tin Pe (“Red Brigadier’) 202, 203, 226

Tin Tin 168, 172, 174, 176, 189, 200–1, 208

Tin Tun Oo, Dr. 366

Tinker, Hugh 205

Tokyo 10, 11, 12, 38, 239, 326

Trager, Frank 210, 211

Trickett, Rachel 298

Tutu, Desmond 297

U Nu 40, 49, 147, 157, 166, 169, 172, 176–7, 178, 213, 264

attacks Khrushchev 225

denounces Ne Win at UN 225–6

house arrest 262

legitimacy through association with Aung San 284

“prime minister” claim 64

release from detention 303

U Ottama 8, 10

U Thant 98, 212

funeral fiasco 41, 224–5, 226, 227–9, 388

illness and death 224

New York home 214

saves Burmese-Soviet relationship 225

as Secretary General of United Nations 3, 18, 204, 211, 212, 213, 214–15, 253

U Vinaya 311, 351

UK see Britain

Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) xiii, xiv, xv, 350, 369

Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA) 303, 350–1, 352

attacks and intimidation 324–5, 351

creation 303, 324, 350

Depayin massacre 353, 356–9

United Nationalities League for Democracy (UNLD) 268

United Nationals Democratic Party 268

United Nations 18, 30, 41, 150, 198, 210, 211, 212, 213, 216, 217, 222, 224, 225, 253, 367, 382

Declaration of Human Rights 253

General Assembly 215, 224

United States 175, 204, 212, 213, 307, 320, 346, 357, 370, 390

Burma relations 308

Burmese fear of 130

election monitor offers rebuffed 262

moral pressure 303

sanctions tightened against Burma 360

withdraws aid to Burma 80

US Campaign for Burma 323

US Subcommittee on International Terrorism and Human Rights 361–2

Vaillancourt, Josette 206

Vietnam War 29, 130, 213, 381

vipassana meditation 137, 255

Visit Myanmar Year (1996) 317, 338, 339

Vivekananda, Swami 90

Voice, The 364

Warnock, Mary 194–5

Webb, Jim 384

Weber, Max 287

Wilson, Harold 189

Win Htein, U 136

Win Khut, U 93

Win Sein, U 352

Win Thein 105, 109, 123–4, 125, 132

Win Tin, U 49–50, 54, 55, 85, 115, 146, 151

arrest and imprisonment 153, 249–50

founding member of NLD 85, 115

support for tourism 323

Wintle, Justin 3, 4, 236, 395

Wordsworth, Elizabeth 192

Working People’s Daily 60, 77, 98, 100, 303

Wunna Maung 352, 353, 357–8

Xiamen (Amoy) 10

Yaydashe 113

Ye Htut, Colonel 269

Yettaw, John William 381–4

Young Men’s Buddhist Association (YMBA) 8