Table of Contents
Paragraph Page
1-1-2. Nondirectional Radio Beacon (NDB)
1-1-3. VHF Omni-directional Range (VOR)
1-1-5. Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN)
1-1-6. VHF Omni-directional Range/Tactical Air Navigation (VORTAC)
1-1-7. Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)
1-1-8. Navigational Aid (NAVAID) Service Volumes
1-1-9. Instrument Landing System (ILS)
1-1-10. Simplified Directional Facility (SDF)
1-1-11. NAVAID Identifier Removal During Maintenance
1-1-17. Global Positioning System (GPS)
1-1-18. Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)
1-1-19. Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) Landing System (GLS)
1-1-20. Precision Approach Systems other than ILS and GLS
Section 2. Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) and Area Navigation (RNAV)
1-2-2. Required Navigation Performance (RNP)
1-2-3. Use of Suitable Area Navigation (RNAV) Systems on Conventional Procedures and Routes
1-2-4. Pilots and Air Traffic Controllers Recognizing Interference or Spoofing
Chapter 2. Aeronautical Lighting and Other Airport Visual Aids
Section 1. Airport Lighting Aids
2-1-1. Approach Light Systems (ALS)
2-1-2. Visual Glideslope Indicators
2-1-3. Runway End Identifier Lights (REIL)
2-1-4. Runway Edge Light Systems
2-1-6. Runway Status Light (RWSL) System
2-1-7. StandAlone Final Approach Runway Occupancy Signal (FAROS)
2-1-8. Control of Lighting Systems
2-1-9. Pilot Control of Airport Lighting
2-1-10. Airport/Heliport Beacons
Section 2. Air Navigation and Obstruction Lighting
2-2-1. Aeronautical Light Beacons
2-2-2. Code Beacons and Course Lights
Section 3. Airport Marking Aids and Signs
2-3-2. Airport Pavement Markings
2-3-5. Holding Position Markings
2-3-8. Mandatory Instruction Signs
2-3-13. Runway Distance Remaining Signs
2-3-14. Aircraft Arresting Systems
2-3-15. Security Identifications Display Area (Airport Ramp Area)
3-1-2. General Dimensions of Airspace Segments
3-1-3. Hierarchy of Overlapping Airspace Designations
3-1-4. Basic VFR Weather Minimums
3-1-5. VFR Cruising Altitudes and Flight Levels
Section 2. Controlled Airspace
Section 4. Special Use Airspace
3-4-5. Military Operations Areas
3-4-7. Controlled Firing Areas
3-4-8. National Security Areas
3-4-9. Obtaining Special Use Airspace Status
Section 5. Other Airspace Areas
3-5-1. Airport Advisory/Information Services
3-5-2. Military Training Routes
3-5-3. Temporary Flight Restrictions
3-5-4. Parachute Jump Aircraft Operations
3-5-6. Terminal Radar Service Area (TRSA)
3-5-7. Special Air Traffic Rules (SATR) and Special Flight Rules Area (SFRA)
3-5-8. Weather Reconnaissance Area (WRA)
3-5-9. Other Non−Charted Airspace Areas
Chapter 4. Air Traffic Control
Section 1. Services Available to Pilots
4-1-1. Air Route Traffic Control Centers
4-1-3. Flight Service Stations
4-1-4. Recording and Monitoring
4-1-6. Pilot Visits to Air Traffic Facilities
4-1-8. Approach Control Service for VFR Arriving Aircraft
4-1-9. Traffic Advisory Practices at Airports Without Operating Control Towers
4-1-10. IFR Approaches/Ground Vehicle Operations
4-1-11. Designated UNICOM/MULTICOM Frequencies
4-1-12. Use of UNICOM for ATC Purposes
4-1-13. Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS)
4-1-14. Automatic Flight Information Service (AFIS) - Alaska FSSs Only
4-1-15. Radar Traffic Information Service
4-1-17. Radar Assistance to VFR Aircraft
4-1-18. Terminal Radar Services for VFR Aircraft
4-1-19. Tower En Route Control (TEC)
4-1-21. Airport Reservation Operations and Special Traffic Management Programs
4-1-22. Requests for Waivers and Authorizations from Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR)
4-1-23. Weather System Processor
Section 2. Radio Communications Phraseology and Techniques
4-2-5. Description of Interchange or Leased Aircraft
4-2-6. Ground Station Call Signs
4-2-9. Altitudes and Flight Levels
4-2-13. Communications with Tower when Aircraft Transmitter or Receiver or Both are Inoperative
4-2-14. Communications for VFR Flights
4-3-2. Airports with an Operating Control Tower
4-3-4. Visual Indicators at Airports Without an Operating Control Tower
4-3-5. Unexpected Maneuvers in the Airport Traffic Pattern
4-3-6. Use of Runways/Declared Distances
4-3-7. Low Level Wind Shear/Microburst Detection Systems
4-3-8. Braking Action Reports and Advisories
4-3-9. Runway Condition Reports
4-3-11. Pilot Responsibilities When Conducting Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO)
4-3-13. Traffic Control Light Signals
4-3-15. Gate Holding Due to Departure Delays
4-3-16. VFR Flights in Terminal Areas
4-3-17. VFR Helicopter Operations at Controlled Airports
4-3-19. Taxi During Low Visibility
4-3-20. Exiting the Runway After Landing
4-3-21. Practice Instrument Approaches
4-3-23. Use of Aircraft Lights
4-3-24. Flight Inspection/`Flight Check’ Aircraft in Terminal Areas
Section 4. ATC Clearances and Aircraft Separation
4-4-5. Coded Departure Route (CDR)
4-4-7. Pilot Responsibility upon Clearance Issuance
4-4-8. IFR Clearance VFR-on-top
4-4-10. Adherence to Clearance
4-4-11. IFR Separation Standards
4-4-15. Use of Visual Clearing Procedures
4-4-16. Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS I & II)
4-4-17. Traffic Information Service (TIS)
Section 5. Surveillance Systems
4-5-2. Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS)
4-5-4. Precision Approach Radar (PAR)
4-5-5. Airport Surface Detection Equipment (ASDE-X)/Airport Surface Surveillance Capability (ASSC)
4-5-6. Traffic Information Service (TIS)
4-5-7. Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Services
4-5-8. Traffic Information Service- Broadcast (TIS-B)
4-5-9. Flight Information Service- Broadcast (FIS-B)
4-5-10. Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Rebroadcast (ADS-R)
4-6-1. Applicability and RVSM Mandate (Date/Time and Area)
4-6-2. Flight Level Orientation Scheme
4-6-4. Flight Planning into RVSM Airspace
4-6-5. Pilot RVSM Operating Practices and Procedures
4-6-6. Guidance on Severe Turbulence and Mountain Wave Activity (MWA)
4-6-7. Guidance on Wake Turbulence
4-6-8. Pilot/Controller Phraseology
4-6-10. Procedures for Accommodation of Non-RVSM Aircraft
Section 7. Operational Policy/Procedures for the Gulf of Mexico 50 NM Lateral Separation Initiative
4-7-1. Introduction and General Policies
4-7-2. Accommodating Non-RNP 10 Aircraft
4-7-3. Obtaining RNP 10 or RNP 4 Operational Authorization
4-7-4. Authority for Operations with a Single Long-Range Navigation System
4-7-5. Flight Plan Requirements
Chapter 5. Air Traffic Procedures
5-1-2. Follow IFR Procedures Even When Operating VFR
5-1-3. Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) System
5-1-4. Flight Plan - VFR Flights
5-1-5. Operational Information System (OIS)
5-1-6. Flight Plan- Defense VFR (DVFR) Flights
5-1-7. Composite Flight Plan (VFR/IFR Flights)
5-1-8. Flight Plan (FAA Form 7233-1)- Domestic IFR Flights
5-1-10. IFR Operations to High Altitude Destinations
5-1-11. Flights Outside U.S. Territorial Airspace
5-1-13. Change in Proposed Departure Time
5-1-14. Closing VFR/DVFR Flight Plans
5-1-15. Canceling IFR Flight Plan
5-1-16. RNAV and RNP Operations
5-1-17. Cold Temperature Operations
Section 2. Departure Procedures
5-2-1. Pre‐taxi Clearance Procedures
5-2-2. Automated Pre-Departure Clearance Procedures
5-2-3. IFR Clearances Off Uncontrolled Airports
5-2-5. Line Up and Wait (LUAW)
5-2-6. Abbreviated IFR Departure Clearance (Cleared. . .as Filed) Procedures
5-2-7. Departure Restrictions, Clearance Void Times, Hold for Release, and Release Times
Section 3. En Route Procedures
5-3-4. Airways and Route Systems
5-3-5. Airway or Route Course Changes
5-3-6. Changeover Points (COPs)
5-3-7. Minimum Turning Altitude (MTA)
5-4-1. Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) Procedures
5-4-2. Local Flow Traffic Management Program
5-4-4. Advance Information on Instrument Approach
5-4-5. Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP) Charts
5-4-7. Instrument Approach Procedures
5-4-8. Special Instrument Approach Procedures
5-4-9. Procedure Turn and Hold-in-lieu of Procedure Turn
5-4-10. Timed Approaches from a Holding Fix
5-4-12. Radar Monitoring of Instrument Approaches
5-4-13. Simultaneous Approaches to Parallel Runways
5-4-14. Simultaneous Dependent Approaches
5-4-15. Simultaneous Independent ILS/RNAV/GLS Approaches
5-4-17. Simultaneous Converging Instrument Approaches
5-4-18. RNP AR Instrument Approach Procedures
5-4-20. Approach and Landing Minimums
5-4-22. Use of Enhanced Flight Vision Systems (EFVS) on Instrument Approaches
5-4-24. Charted Visual Flight Procedure (CVFP)
5-4-27. Overhead Approach Maneuver
Section 5. Pilot/Controller Roles and Responsibilities
5-5-10. Traffic Advisories (Traffic Information)
5-5-16. RNAV and RNP Operations
Section 6. National Security and Interception Procedures
5-6-2. National Security Requirements
5-6-5. Civil Aircraft Operations To or From U.S. Territorial Airspace
5-6-6. Civil Aircraft Operations Within U.S. Territorial Airspace
5-6-7. Civil Aircraft Operations Transiting U.S. Territorial Airspace
5-6-8. Foreign State Aircraft Operations
5-6-9. FAA/TSA Airspace Waivers
5-6-10. TSA Aviation Security Programs
5-6-11. FAA Flight Routing Authorizations
5-6-12. Emergency Security Control of Air Traffic (ESCAT)
5-6-13. Interception Procedures
5-6-14. Law Enforcement Operations by Civil and Military Organizations
5-6-16. ADIZ Boundaries and Designated Mountainous Areas (See FIG 5-6-3.)
5-6-17. Visual Warning System (VWS)
Chapter 6. Emergency Procedures
6-1-1. Pilot Responsibility and Authority
6-1-2. Emergency Condition- Request Assistance Immediately
Section 2. Emergency Services Available to Pilots
6-2-1. Radar Service for VFR Aircraft in Difficulty
6-2-2. Transponder Emergency Operation
6-2-4. Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)
6-2-5. FAA K-9 Explosives Detection Team Program
Section 3. Distress and Urgency Procedures
6-3-1. Distress and Urgency Communications
6-3-2. Obtaining Emergency Assistance
6-3-4. Special Emergency (Air Piracy)
Section 4. Two-way Radio Communications Failure
6-4-1. Two‐way Radio Communications Failure
6-4-2. Transponder Operation During Two‐way Communications Failure
6-4-3. Reestablishing Radio Contact
Section 5. Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting Communications
6-5-1. Discrete Emergency Frequency
6-5-3. ARFF Emergency Hand Signals
7-1-1. National Weather Service Aviation Weather Service Program
7-1-3. Use of Aviation Weather Products
7-1-4. Graphical Forecasts for Aviation (GFA)
7-1-6. Inflight Aviation Weather Advisories
7-1-8. Telephone Information Briefing Service (TIBS) (Alaska Only)
7-1-9. Transcribed Weather Broadcast (TWEB) (Alaska Only)
7-1-10. Inflight Weather Broadcasts
7-1-11. Flight Information Services (FIS)
7-1-12. Weather Observing Programs
7-1-13. Weather Radar Services
7-1-14. ATC Inflight Weather Avoidance Assistance
7-1-15. Runway Visual Range (RVR)
7-1-16. Reporting of Cloud Heights
7-1-17. Reporting Prevailing Visibility
7-1-18. Estimating Intensity of Rain and Ice Pellets
7-1-19. Estimating Intensity of Snow or Drizzle (Based on Visibility)
7-1-20. Pilot Weather Reports (PIREPs)
7-1-21. PIREPs Relating to Airframe Icing
7-1-22. Definitions of Inflight Icing Terms
7-1-23. PIREPs Relating to Turbulence
7-1-25. Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) PIREPs
7-1-27. PIREPs Relating to Volcanic Ash Activity
7-1-30. Key to Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) and Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR
7-1-31. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Weather Formats
Section 2. Altimeter Setting Procedures
7-3-5. Operations Problem Areas
7-3-6. Vortex Avoidance Procedures
Section 4. Bird Hazards and Flight Over National Refuges, Parks, and Forests
7-4-1. Migratory Bird Activity
7-4-2. Reducing Bird Strike Risks
7-4-4. Reporting Bird and Other Wildlife Activities
7-4-5. Pilot Advisories on Bird and Other Wildlife Hazards
7-4-6. Flights Over Charted U.S. Wildlife Refuges, Parks, and Forest Service Areas
7−4−8. Pilot Responsibility1076
7−4−9. Air Traffic Wake Turbulence Separations1076
7−4−10. Development and New Capabilities1077
Section 5. Potential Flight Hazards
7−5−1. Migratory Bird Activity1077
7−5−2. Reducing Bird Strike Risks1077
7−5−3. Reporting Bird Strikes1077
7−5−4. Reporting Bird and Other Wildlife Activities1077
7−5−5. Pilot Advisories on Bird and Other Wildlife Hazards1077
7−5−6. Flights Over Charted U.S. Wildlife Refuges, Parks, and Forest Service Areas1078
Section 6. Safety, Accident, and Hazard Reports
7−6−1. Accident Cause Factors1078
7−6−2. VFR in Congested Areas1078
7−6−3. Obstructions To Flight1078
7−6−4. Avoid Flight Beneath Unmanned Balloons1079
7−6−5. Unmanned Aircraft Systems1079
7−6−7. Use of Runway Half−way Signs at Unimproved Airports1080
7−6−9. Flight Operations in Volcanic Ash1082
7−6−10. Emergency Airborne Inspection of Other Aircraft1082
7−6−11. Precipitation Static1082
7−6−13. Flying in Flat Light, Brown Out Conditions, and White Out Conditions1083
7−6−14. Operations in Ground Icing Conditions1084
7−6−15. Avoid Flight in the Vicinity of Exhaust Plumes (Smoke Stacks and Cooling Towers)1085
Section 7. Safety, Accident, and Hazard Reports
7−7−1. Aviation Safety Reporting Program1085
7−7−2. Aircraft Accident and Incident Reporting1086
7−7−3. Near Midair Collision Reporting1086
7−7−4. Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) Reports1087
7−7−5. Safety Alerts For Operators (SAFO) and Information For Operators (InFO)1087
Chapter 8. Medical Facts for Pilots
8−1−2. Effects of Altitude1089
8−1−3. Hyperventilation in Flight1090
8−1−4. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Flight1090
8−1−5. Illusions in Flight1090
8−1−8. Judgment Aspects of Collision Avoidance1092
Chapter 9. Aeronautical Charts and Related Publications
Section 1. Types of Charts Available
9−1−2. Obtaining Aeronautical Charts1093
9−1−3. Selected Charts and Products Available1093
9−1−4. General Description of Each Chart Series1093
9−1−5. Where and How to Get Charts of Foreign Areas 1098
Chapter 10. Helicopter Operations
Section 1. Helicopter IFR Operations
10−1−1. Helicopter Flight Control Systems1100
10−1−2. Helicopter Instrument Approaches1100
10−1−3. Helicopter Approach Procedures to VFR Heliports1101
10−1−4. The Gulf of Mexico Grid System1102
10−2−1. Offshore Helicopter Operations1102
10−2−2. Helicopter Night VFR Operations1106
10−2−3. Landing Zone Safety1108
10−2−4. Emergency Medical Service (EMS) Multiple Helicopter Operations1110
Appendix 1. Bird/Other Wildlife Strike Report
Appendix 2. Volcanic Activity Reporting Form (VAR)