Chapter 1: All the Widow’s Men
1. ‘The British Opium Trade in Asia’, Review of Reviews (American edition), Vol. VI, August 1892/January 1893
2. Scotland Yard Case Book, by John Lock, Robert Hale, London, 1993 (p.131)
3. ‘The Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon’ 1885
4. The Case of Eliza Armstrong, by Alison Plowden, British Broadcasting Corporation, 1974 (p.134)
5. Salisbury: Victorian Titan, by Andrew Roberts. London, 1999 (pp.470–1)
6. Letter of Eleanor Marx, 23 June 1888. ‘In the East End 1888’ by W. J. Fishman, Duckworth, London, 1988 (p.22)
7. The London Handbook, The Grosvenor Press, London, 1897 (p.146)
8. Review of Reviews, Vol. xiv, New York, July 1896, No. 1 (p.77)
9. Ibid. (p.78)
10. The Letters of Queen Victoria, edited by George Earle Buckle. Second Series, Vol. 3 (p.38)
11. Queen Victoria, by Sidney Lee, London, Smith, Elder & Co., 1903 (p.495)
12. W. H. Smith, by Viscount Chilston, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1965 (pp.276–7)
13. Ibid. (p.277)
14. Bygone Punishments, by William Andrews, William Andrews & Co, London, 1899 (p.14). Note: The Punishment of multilation was uncommon before the reign of Henry VIII, but introduced by statute 33, Henry VIII, c. 12 (p.137)
15. The Age of Sex Crime, by Jane Caputi, The Women’s Press, 1987 (p.7)
16.The Green Bag vol.1, Boston, January 1889
17. Ibid.
18. The Criminal, by Havelock Ellis, Walter Scott, London, 1890 (p.93)
19. Ibid. (p.90)
20. Ibid. (p.20)
21. Vital Force or Evils and Remedies of Perverted Sexuality, by R. B. D. Wells, n. d., circa 1880 (p.7)
22. Dr Bond’s Report to Robert Anderson, submitted 10 December 1888
23. A Solution of Arsenic and Potash, or Soda. Dr Humphreys’ evidence at the ‘trial’ of Mrs Maybrick, Irving (p.132)
24. Jack the Ripper and the London Press, by L. Perry Curtis Jr., Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2001 (pp.257, 272)
25. Oliver Cromwell: The Man and His Mission, by James Allanson Picton, 2nd edition, Cassell, Peter, Galpin & Co., 1883 (p.290 et seq.)
26. Review of Reviews, Vol. XV, 1897 (p.236)
27. Review of Reviews, Vol. II–9 September 1890 (p.235)
28. Review of Reviews Vol. XII, July/December 1895 (p.218)
29. The African Dream, by Brian Gardner, History Book Club, 1970 (p.176 et seq.)
30. Kitchener, by Philip Magnus, John Murray, London, 1985 (p.62)
31. The African Dream, by Brian Gardner (p.148)
32. General Gordon, a Christian Hero, by Seton Churchill, James Nisbet & Co., London, 1904 (p.271)
33. Real Soldiers of Fortune, by Richard Harding Davis, Collier & Son, London, 1906 (p.107)
34. Lord Kitchener of Khartoum, by the Author of King Edward the VII, James Nisbet & Co., London, 1914 (p.46)
35. Kitchener: Portrait of an Imperialist, by Philip Magnus, John Murray, London, 1958 (p.133)
36. Ibid. (p.135)
37. Days of My Years, by Melville Macnaghten, Edward Arnold, London, 1914 (p.62)
38. Today, edited by Jerome K. Jerome, Vol. 1, 20 January 1894 (p.13)
39. I Caught Crippen, by ex-Chief Inspector Walter Dew, Blackie & Son, London, 1938 (p.132)
40. The Grosvenor Press, 1897 (p.130)
41. New York World, 18 November 1888
42. The Freemason, 16 February 1889 (p.98)
43. The Freemason, 14 January 1888
44. The 19th Century, July 1891, and Review of Reviews Vol. III, No. 18 (p.77)
45. The Rough Ashlar; Virginia Grand Lodge, USA, September 1891 (p.42)
46. The Masonic Constellation Grand Lodge of Missouri, USA, July 1891 (p.3)
47. Ibid.
48. The Freemason, 8 June 1889
49. Blotted ’Scutcheons, by Horace Wyndham, Hutchinson & Co., London, circa 1920 (p.110)
50. The Freemason, 6 February 1889
51. The Freemason, 22 October 1887 (p.568)
52. Masonic Biography (Freemasons’ Hall, London)
53. The Origin and Progress of the Preceptory of St. George 1798–1895, by C. Fitzgerald Matier, Spencer & Co. London, 1910
54. The Cleveland Street Scandal, by H. Montgomery Hyde, W. H. Allen, London, 1976 (p.24)
55. Ibid. (p.25)
56. Ibid. (p.55)
57. Evening Star, Washington DC, 2 December 1889
58. The Clan-Na-Gael and the Murder of Dr. Cronin, by John T. McEnnis, Boston, 1889 (p.75)
59. Evening Star, Washington DC, 18 November 1889 (p.6)
60. Ibid.
61. Evening Star, Washington DC, 19 November 1889
62. Clarence: The Life of H. R. H. the Duke of Clarence and Avondale, by Michael Harrison, W. H. Allen, London, 1972 (p.30 et seq.)
63. The Earl of Halisbury, by A. Wilson Fox, Chapman & Hall, London, 1929 (p.126)
64. Conversations with Max, by S. N. Behrman, Hamish Hamilton, London, 1960. ‘Max began talking about King Edward VII: “He spoke English with a heavy German accent”’ (p.85). See also: A History of the Artists Rifles 1859–1947, by Barry Gregory, 2006. ‘What struck me most was the strong guttural accent, he rolled his “r”s like a German’ (p.155)
65. Victoria: The Widow and Her Son, by Hector Bolitho, D. Appleton Century Company, New York, 1934, (p.273)
66. Washington Evening Star, 2 January 1890
67. Star, Monday, 1 October 1888
68. Washington Evening Star, 10 January 1890
69. The Cleveland Street Scandal, by H. Montgomery Hyde (p.84)
70. Truth reported in North London Press
71. ‘Having let Hammond run for it, Detective Inspector Abberline was publicly accused of perverting the cource of justice at Bow St Court.’ The Times, Friday, 24 January 1890
72. North London Press, Saturday, 16 November 1889
73. The Hawk, 28 January 1890 (p.99)
74. Some Victorian Men, written and illustrated by Harry Furniss, London, John Lane, 1924 (pp.123–6)
75. The Poor Man’s Court of Justice, by Cecil Chapman, Hodder & Stoughton Ltd, London, n. d., circa 1920 (p.14)
76. The Cleveland Street Scandal, H. Montgomery Hyde (p.156)
77. Hansard, 28 February 1890 (p.1556)
78. Ibid. (p.1548)
79. Ibid.
80. Ibid.
81. Ibid.
82. Ibid. (p.1571) See also: Washington Evening Star, 5 March 1890: ‘… odds are freely offered in club circles that Mr. W. H. Smith will receive a peerage for his cool, not to say brazen, defense of Lord Salisbury. Mr. Smith’s career has been an illustration of the success which rewards adroitness and subserviency in a country like England.’
83. Hansard (Lords), 3 March 1890 (pp.1618–19)
84. The Story of My Life, by the Right Honourable Edward Clarke, K. C., John Murray, London, 1923 (pp.112–13)
85. Light Invisible: The Freemason’s Answer to Darkness Visible by ‘Vindex’, The Regency Press, London, 1952 (p.34). See also: Freemason’s Chronicle, 6 February 1892: ‘Masons are especially loyal to the Royal Family, not only as Englishmen, but also on account of that mystic tie which joins them in a brotherhood.’
86. Guardian, 11 November 2003
87. More About King Edward, by Edward Legge, Eveleigh Nash, London, 1913 (p.162)
88. England’s Masonic Pioneers, by Dudley Wright, George Kenning & Son, London, 1925 (pp.62–3)
89. Prince of Wales’s Lodge No. 259, privately printed, 1910 (pp.81–3)
90. The Times, Wednesday, 29 November 1893 (p.10)
91. Blotted ’Scutcheons, by Horace Wyndham (p.126)
92. Glasgow Mail, reported in Evening Star, Washington DC, 5 March 1889
Chapter 2: A Conspiracy of Bafflement
1. In 1888 there were 2,235 Masonic lodges in England. The Freemason, 7 January 1888
2. ‘Perhaps the most incompetent General of the war.’ Salisbury, Victorian Titan, by Andrew Roberts (p.752)
3. Ibid. (p.227)
4. ‘Grave differences of opinion’ between Warren and Monro caused the latter to resign on 16 August 1888. Fenian Fire by Christy Campbell, HarperCollins, London, 2002 (p.302)
5. The Recovery of Jerusalem, by Capt. Wilson, Capt Warren, Richard Bentley & Son, London, 1871
6. The Life of General Sir Charles Warren, by Watkin Williams, Basil Blackwood, Oxford, 1944 (p.41)
7. Freemasonry defines itself in a series of degrees that predicate on the number of vertebrae in the human spine. There are thirty-three of them. The first three degrees – Entered Apprentice, Fellow Craft and Master Mason – (beyond which most Masons don’t aspire) are secular, the Brethren meeting together at a Lodge. Thereafter (British) Masonry jumps directly to the 18th Degree, which is strictly Christian, conducting its business at assemblies called Chapters. It is in these higher Degrees (18th to 33rd) that we find the rulers of the Craft, and indeed the rulers of Victorian England.
8. The Story of the Temple, by Robert J. Blackham, Sampson Low, Marston & Co., London, n. d., circa 1930
9. Wallace McLeod, Ars Quatuor Coronatorum, Vol.99, 1986 (p.183)
10. Ibid.
11. Robert Morris: ‘A well known American Masonic lecturer and poet, born in 1818 and Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Kentucky in 1858. He died in 1888.’
12. Freemasonry in the Holy Land, by Robert Morris, Masonic Publishing Company, New York, 1873 (p.462)
13. Ibid. (p.464)
14. The Keystone, Saturday, 15 March 1884 (p.292)
15. Freemasonry in the Holy Land, by Robert Morris (pp.461–5)
16. Ibid. (p.463)
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid. (p.465)
19. The Builders: A Story and Study of Freemasonry, by Joseph Fort Newton, Macoy Publishing, New York, 1951 (p.123)
20. Who Was Hiram Abiff?, by J. S. M. Ward, The Baskerville Press, Ltd, London, 1925 (p.2)
21. Richardson’s Monitor of Freemasonry, 1860 (pp.10–11, 21, 30)
22. Lodge Quatuor Coronati (No. 2076), London
23. The mechanics are complex. Knight was building on research initially instigated by the BBC
24. Ars Quatuor Coronatorum, Vol. 99, 1986 (p.183)
25. ‘It was found that beyond doubt the piece of apron corresponded exactly with the part missing from the body of the murdered woman.’ Inspector Donald Swanson’s report, Scotland Yard, 6 November 1888.
26. Ars Quatuor Coronatorum, Vol. 99, 1986 (p.184)
27. Ars Quatuor Coronatorum, September 1986 (p.172)
28. Ars Quatuor Coronatorum, Vol. 100, 1987, published November 1988 (pp.109–12)
29. Ibid.
30. Notable anti-Masonic writers
31. Ars Quatuor Coronatorum, Vol. 99, 1986 (p.184)
32. On 5 July 1974 Knight signed an agreement with Scotland Yard in respect of his book, agreeing ‘to submit the final manuscript to the Commissioner of police of the Metropolis for approval prior to publication’. (Stephen Knight Collection)
33. Evening Standard, 12 August 1960
34. Jack the Ripper: A Bibliography and Review of the Literature. Contains a piece by Colin Wilson dated 1972 (p.14, et seq.)
35. Reviewed in Books and Bookmen, December 1972 (pp.92–3). And see: Jack the Ripper, Summing Up and Verdict, by Colin Wilson and Robin Odell (p.206)
36. Edouard VII, by Philippe Jullian, Hachette, Paris, 1962
37. The Criminologist, November 1970, Vol. 5, No. 18
38. Sunday Times, 1 November 1970
39. The Centenary History of Cornubian Lodge (450), by Thomas E. A. Stowell, circa 1948 (p.186)
40. Police and Public, by Maurice Tomlin, Formerly Assistant Commisioner Metropolitan Police, John Long Limited, London, 1936 (p.232)
41. During the Ripper outrages Monro had resigned as Commissioner, and wasn’t reinstated until 7 December 1888
42. The Story of Scotland Yard, by Sir Basil Thompson, Grayson & Grayson, London, 1935 (p.178)
43. Police Orders 1888 (p.1190)
44. Scotland Yard and the Metropolitan Police, by J. F. Moylan. C. B., C. B. E., Receiver for the Metropolitan Police District and Metropolitan Police Courts, G. P. Putnam’s Sons Limited, London & New York, 1929 (pp.48–9)
45. Tomlin (p.233)
46. Ars Quatuor Coronatorum, Vol. 99 (p.186)
47. Ibid. (p.179)
48. See Chapter 12, ‘The Mouth of the Maggot’
Chapter 3: ‘The Mystic Tie’
1. ‘You Are Now A Master Mason.’ Respectfully and dutifully dedicated to R. W. Bro Sir John Corah, Provincial Grand Master for Leicestershire and Rutland. (For private circulation only. Keep this report under lock and key.)
2. Maybe he was thinking along the same lines as the Star newspaper: ‘surely Jack the Ripper is not to be our modern John the Baptist’ (Freemasons’ Patron Saint). Star, Friday, 5 October 1888
3. In their News from Whitechapel (McFarland & Co., 2002) Chisholm, DiGrazia & Yost attempt to explain this away with a footnote: ‘This does not demonstrate a lack of knowledge on his part. Contemporary police policy prohibited Abberline from giving out such information’ (p.67). This is nothing less than nonsense. Abberline couldn’t say because he didn’t know, and his ignorance wasn’t unique. Five days later Dr Bagster Phillips tried every which way to withhold such evidence from Wynne Baxter and his jury at the coroner’s court. Daily Telegraph, 20 September 1888
4. Public Opinion, 28 September 1888 (p.385)
5. The Story of John George Haigh, by Stafford Somerfield, Hood Pearson, Manchester, 1950 (p.84)
6. The Complete History of Jack the Ripper, by Philip Sugden (p.131)
7. Evening Express, Monday, 12 November 1888
8. The Lancet, 20 September 1888 (p.637)
9. Truth, 4 October 1888 (p.581)
10. Sir James Risden-Bennett, letter to the Evening Standard, Tuesday, 22 October 1888
11. The Lancet, 29 September 1888 (p.637)
12. Ibid.
13. Standard, Friday, 15 October 1888
14. Sugden (p.133)
15. Despite his lunch with Wilson, and an article written by him in The Criminologist, Stowell published a letter in The Times of 9 November 1970 denying that he had ever accused Albert Victor, the Duke of Clarence.
16. Bradford Observer, 27 September 1888
17. Ibid.
18. New York Herald, 1 October 1888
Chapter 4: The Funny Little Game
1. The Builders: A Story and Study of Freemasonry, by Joseph Fort Newton (p.27)
2. Reported by Alfred Long, PC254A, 6 November 1888. Note: Despite Crawford hammering home the spelling of ‘Juwes’ at the inquest, both Long and Arnold revert to the incorrect spelling ‘Juews’.
3. The Bible and Modern Criticisms, by Sir Robert Anderson, K. C. B., Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1902 (p.17)
4. Police Constable Long at the Eddowes inquest, 4 October 1888
5. Daily News, 1 October 1888
6. The Times, Friday, 5 October 1888 (Bond said Phillips was there about 2.30 a.m.)
7. From Constable to Commissioner, by Sir Henry Smith, KCB, Chatto & Windus, London, 1910 (p.152)
8. Signed Jas McWilliam, Inspector, City of London Police, 27 October 1888 (Stamped HO, 29 October 1888 Dep #) A4930186.
9. Home Office, 6 November 1888 (93305/28)
10. ‘A good schoolboy’s round hand.’ Halse’s deposition at Eddowes’ inquest. Daily Telegraph, 12 October 1888
11. Superintendent Arnold’s report to Home Office, 6 November 1888
12. Lloyd’s Weekly, 9 September 1888
13. Public Opinion, 11 September 1888
14. East London Observer, 10 November 1888
15. Sir Charles Warren letter to the Home Office, Confidential Letters Book, 6 November 1888 (p.7/180)
16. Ibid. (p.4/177)
17. Letter from Charles Warren to the Right Hon. Godfrey Lushington, Permanent Under Secretary at the Home Office, 11 October 1888. Metropolitan Police Office of the Commissioner, Letter Books MEP01–48
18. Martin Fido, ‘Case Book Message Boards’, Thursday, 27 June 2002
19. ‘Freemasonry and the Ripper’, by Bro Dennis Stocks, Kersting, 2006, and Barron Barnet Lodge of Research (Lodge 146)
20. Jack the Ripper: The Uncensored Facts, by Paul Begg, Robson Books, 1988 (pp.127–8)
21. See also: The Masonic Why and Wherefore, by Bro J. S. M. Ward, 1929 (p.67), and Masonic Problems and Queries, by Herbert F. Inman, 1950 (p.127), where the three Assassins are referenced
22. Jack the Ripper: The Uncensored Facts, by Paul Begg (p.183). Note: Mr Sugden may consider Mr Begg as a ‘reliable student’, but I do not. In the acknowledgements to his book, Mr Begg references Bro J. M. Hamill (WM of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge) as his Freemasonic source. Ergo, Begg quotes Hamill and Mr Sugden quotes Begg, which is presumably why both are so dramatically in error. (See Bro Mendoza, pp.109–11, Ars Quatuor Coronatorum, Vol. 100, for the year 1987)
23. Palestine Exploration Fund, Quarterly Statements for 1875 (p.227)
24. The Bible and Modern Criticism, by Sir Robert Anderson. ‘The Name Jehovah’, 1902 (p.87)
25. Written by the librarian at Freemasons’ Hall, London, on behalf of Bro Hamill, 6 July 1992 (p.3). Archive at Freemasons’ Hall.
26. The Complete History of Jack the Ripper, by Philip Sugden, 1994 (p.112)
27. Home Office 93305-28 (pp.174–81)
28. Sugden (p.185)
29. Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Right of Freemasonry, prepared by Albert Pike, Charleston, A. M. 5641 (p.82)
30. The Grand Master, Commentary on the Masonic Legend of Hiram Abiff, by Dr Bruce S. Fisher, Prescott, Arizona, 1996
31. Pall Mall Gazette, 8 October 1888
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. Ibid.
35. Pall Mall Gazette, 12 October 1888
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid.
39. A Police Code and Manual of the Criminal Law, by C. E. Howard Vincent, Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co., London, 1881
40. Ibid.
41. The Star, Saturday, 12 October 1888
42. Sir Evelyn Ruggles-Brise, compiled by Shane Leslie, John Murray, London, 1938 (p.59)
43. The Star, Saturday, 10 November 1888
44. Pall Mall Gazette, 8 October 1888
45. Pall Mall Gazette, 12 October 1888
46. Superintendent Arnold’s statement to the Home Office, 6 November 1888
47. Pall Mall Gazette, 12 October 1888
48. Sugden (p.254)
49. Anderson was appointed Assistant Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis on Saturday, 2 September 1888 (Police Orders Book, p.878)
50. From the City to Fleet Street, by J. Hall Richardson, London, 1927 (p.217)
51. Daily Chronicle, 1 September 1908
52. In the Daily Chronicle of 1 September 1908, Anderson incorrectly refers to Sir William Harcourt as being Home Secretary at the time of the Ripper
53. Letter received on 14 October 1896, at H Division, Whitechapel. Chief Inspector Moore submitted a report on the letter on 18 October 1896
54. Macnaghten (p.55)
55. There are many versions of this oath; this example is from A Ritual of Freemasonry by Avery Allyn, Boston, 1831
56. George Oliver (1782–67), known as ‘the Sage of Masonry’, was one of its earliest and most prolific writers
57. New York Tribune, Sunday, 11 November 1888
58. Letter signed ‘R. Fairfield, 64, South Eaton Place (London) S. W.’, The Times, 1 October 1888
Chapter 5: The Savages
1. A Dictionary of Historical Slang, by Eric Partridge, Penguin Books, 1977 (p.271)
2. The Age of Sex Crime, by Jane Caputi (p.33)
3. Sixty-three handwritten pages in what appears to be an old scrapbook, from which the first forty-eight pages have been removed with a knife. Traces of gum and card show they once held pictures or photographs. The writing, signed ‘Jack the Ripper’, purports to be a record of the Ripper’s activities from about April 1888 to May 1889. Internal evidence proves beyond doubt that the author is intended to be James Maybrick.
According to ex-scrap-metal-dealer Mike Barrett, he was given the scrapbook by a friend named Tony Devereux (now deceased), who told him nothing beyond assurances that it was genuine. In April 1992 Barret took the document to the Robert Crew Literary Agency in London. Thereafter Shirley Harrison was commissioned to research and write a book. The Diary of Jack the Ripper was published by Smith Gryphon, Ltd, London, in 1993. Arguments over provenance have continued ever since.
On 27 June 1994 the Liverpool Daily Post reported Mike Barrett’s claim to have forged the journal using a scrapbook bought from auctioneers. At the same time he claimed to have only days to live and said he’d ‘worked on the diary for five years’. The following day, the confession was withdrawn by his solicitors, who said that he was not in full control of his faculties when he made that statement, which was totally inaccurate and without foundation.
The above is an abbreviated version of the entry referencing the MAYBRICK JOURNAL from The Complete Jack the Ripper A to Z, by Paul Begg, Martin Fido and Keith Skinner, John Blake Publishing, Ltd, London, 2010.
In Mapping Murder (Virgin Books, 2003), England’s leading practitioner of geographical criminal profiling, Professor David Canter, argued that the Maybrick journal was either genuine, or the work of a literary genius.
4. Tyler’s Book, Records of the St. George’s Lodge of Harmony, Liverpool, Liverpool City Library
5. The Story of Government, Henry Austin, editor, A. M. Thayer & Co., Boston & London, 1893
6. Mr Martin Fido, speaking on the BBC Radio 4 arts programme Kaleidoscope, 9 September 1993. Reported in Jack the Ripper: The Final Chapter, by Paul H. Feldman, Virgin Books, 1997 (pp.82–3)
7. Referring to Stride and Eddowes, it references the latter’s empty tin matchbox. The Diary of Jack the Ripper, by Shirley Harrison (p.282)
8. Lloyd’s Weekly, Sunday, 30 September 1888. See My Life’s Pilgrimage, by Thomas Catling, John Murray, London, 1911, for a description of visit of Dr Gordon Brown to Mitre Square (pp.183–5)
9. Lloyd’s Weekly, Sunday, 30 September 1888
10. A Savage Club Souvenir, privately printed, 1916 (p.83)
11. Ibid. (p.67). It’s worth noting that Thomas Catling and George Sims (who wrote of ‘The Firm of Assassins’) were socially and Masonically close. See My Life’s Pilgrimage, by Thomas Catling (p.287)
12. The Freemason, 7 February 1891 (p.71)
13. The Freemason, 2 November 1889
14. The Freemason, 5 May 1888
15. Bro Shadwell Clerke died in 1892, replaced as Grand Secretary to the Prince of Wales by Sir Edward Letchworth, who, continuing the fraternal tradition, was described as one of Michael Maybrick’s ‘most intimate friends’. The Freemason, 30 August 1913
16. More About King Edward, by Edward Legg (p.180)
17. The Freemason, 11 February 1888
18. Jack the Ripper: The Final Chapter, by Paul H. Feldman
19. The Diary of Jack the Ripper, by Shirley Harrison
Chapter 6: On the Square
1. The Times, Wednesday, 3 October 1888
2. The Yorkshireman, Tuesday, 2 October 1888
3. The Corporation of the City of London, edited by Alfred Arthur Sylvester, London, 1897 (p.111)
4. Ibid. (p.109)
5. Daily Telegraph, Friday, 5 October 1888
6. Home Office Minute Sheet: A49301/86
7. Evening News, 1 October 1888
8. Sugden (p.247)
9. Report to Home Office by Donald Swanson, 19 October 1888
10. Letter from Sir Charles Warren to Commissioner of City Police, Col. Sir James Frazer, 3 October 1888, MEPO1/48
11. Evening News, 12 October 1888
12. Daily Telegraph, Friday, 12 October 1888
13. The Ripper File, by Elwyn Jones and John Lloyd, Arthur Barker Limited, London, 1975 (p.132)
14. Jack the Ripper: The Uncensored Facts, by Paul Begg (p.127)
15. The Freemason’s Chronicle, 27 April 1889
16. The Freemason, Saturday, 14 January 1888
17. Light Invisible by ‘Vindex’ (p.34)
18. New York Tribune, 13 November 1888
19. The History and Practice of the Political Police in Britain, by Tony Bunyan, Julian Friedmann, London, 1976 (p.196)
Chapter 7: The Ink-Stained Hack
1. Our Conservative and Unionist Statesmen, Newman, Graham & Co., London, n.d., circa 1899, Vol. 2 (p.129)
2. Victorian Titan, by Andrew Roberts (p.451)
3. Police, Charles Tempest Clarkson and J. Hall Richardson, Field & Tuer, The Leadenhall Press, London, 1889 (p.278)
4. Document written by Sir Charles Warren appointing Donald Swanson as his ‘eyes and ears’, drafted 15 September 1888
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Swanson joined the Grand Lodge of Scotland on 21 September 1885, and St Peter’s Thurso Lodge, No. 284, on 12 August 1886
8. Jack the Ripper: The Uncensored Facts, by Paul Begg (p.127)
9. Ibid.
10. Evening News, 2 September 1888
11. Daily Telegraph, 4 October 1888
12. The Ripper File, by Melvin Harris, W. H. Allen, London, 1989 (p.58)
13. Life and Death at the Old Bailey, by R. Thurston Hopkins, Herbert Jenkins, Ltd, London, 1935 (p.201)
14. ‘Dear Boss’ was preceded by a letter addressed to Sir Charles Warren with ‘on her majesterys service’ gracing the envelope. Date stamped ‘Received Metropolitan Police. 25 Sept 88’
15. The Lighter Side of My Office Life, Sir Robert Anderson, Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1910 (p.138)
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Sugden (p.268)
19. Ibid.
20. Eddowes inquest: Thursday, 4 October 1888
21. The Detection of Forgery, by Douglas Blackburn and Waithman Caddell, Edwin Layton, London, 1909 (p.11)
22. Evening Post, Monday, 1 October 1888
23. Letter published in The Times, 2 October 1888
24. Letter from Sir Charles Warren to the Chairman, Board of Works, Whitechapel District, 3 October 1888
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. ‘I had served in two provincial police forces for thirty years and though I had known wrongdoing, I had never experienced institutionalized wrongdoing, blindness, arrogance and prejudice on anything like the scale accepted as routine in the Met.’ In the Office of Constable by Sir Robert Mark, Collins, London, 1978 (p.124)
28. Letters from Sir Charles Warren to the Chairman, Board of Works, Whitechapel District, 3 October 1888
29. The Ripper Legacy, by Martin Howells and Keith Skinner, Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 1987 (p.194)
30. The Letters of Queen Victoria, edited by George Earle Buckle, John Murray, London, 1930, Vol. 1 (p.449)
31. East London Observer, 15 October 1888
32. Ibid.
33. The Echo, Monday, 10 September 1888
34. Home Office A49301C/10. 27 October 1888
35. East London Observer, 6 October 1888
36. Report by Superintendent Thomas Arnold, H Division (Whitechapel), dated 22 October 1888
37. Bradford Observer, 15 September 1888
38. Metropolitan Police Orders, 1888 (pp.874–1114)
39. Ibid. (pp.480–1, 797)
40. ‘Every single article in the Queen’s possession had been photographed from several points of view,’ resulting in an encyclopedic set of specially bound volumes, cataloguing Her Majesty’s possessions. Opposite each article, be it a Van Dyke or a stuffed dachshund, ‘an entry was made, indicating the number of the article, the number of the room in which it was kept, its exact position in the room, and all its principal characteristics’. Queen Victoria, by Lytton Strachey, Chatto & Windus, London, 1921
41. Whitehall, 17 September 1888, A49301/3
42. The Story of Scotland Yard, by George Dilnot, Geoffrey Bles, London, n. d., circa 1925. Note: ‘After I became a member of the permanent staff of the Yard and received such gratuities as I earned, I reckoned them to be worth half the amount of my pay to me taking the year all round’ – Detective Inspector Meiklejohn. Meiklejohn was betrayed by his criminal associates and kicked out of the Metropolitan Police, attracting two years’ hard labour.
43. Home Office, 7 October 1888. HO 144/220/A49301B
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid.
46. HO 144/220A 49301B f180–1 (See Dr Gordon Brown/Eddowes inquest, The Times, Friday, 5 October, and Dr Bond, HO 144/221–A493 01C f220–3)
47. The Star, Saturday, 10 November 1888
48. The Times, Thursday, 27 September 1888
49. Kenning’s Masonic Cyclopaedia, 1878 (p.476)
50. Sugden (p.94)
51. Ibid. (pp.109–10)
52. From Constable to Commissioner, by Lieut. Col. Sir Henry Smith (pp.147–8)
53. The Times, 19 July 1889
54. Police Orders, Thursday, 23 August 1888 (p.850)
55. East London Advertiser, 15 September 1888
56. The Jack the Ripper A to Z, Headline Book Publishing, 1994 (p.372)
Chapter 8: The Double Event: Part Two
1. East London Observer, 13 October 1888
2. East London Advertiser, Saturday, 6 October 1888
3. I Caught Crippen, by Walter Dew (p.141)
4. Daily News, Monday, 1 October 1888
5. Daily Telegraph, Monday, 1 October 1888
6. Evening News, 1 October 1888
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Sugden (p.227)
10. Forensic Medicine, by Keith Simpson, Edward Arnold & Co., London, 1951 (p.7)
11. Principles of Forensic Medicine, revised by William R. Smith, Henry Renshaw, London, 1895, 7th edition (pp.288–9)
12. Daily Chronicle, Monday, 1 October 1888
13. Illustrated London News, 30 October 1888
14. ‘On arrival of the Superindendent from Leman Street Police Station, which took place almost simultaneously with that of the divisional sergeant’. Daily News, Monday, 1 October 1888
15. Crime Department’s Special Branch Ledger, Special Account, commencing 1 February 1888
16. Reynold’s News, Sunday, 7 April 1895
17. Daily News, 1 October 1888
18. Jack the Ripper: Scotland Yard Investigates, by Stewart P. Evans and Donald Rumbelow, Sutton Publishing, 2006 (p.101)
19. Observer, 30 September 1888
20. Evans and Rumbelow (p.101)
21. The Unpublished Memories of James Monro, April 1903 (p.77)
22. Evening News, 1 October 1888
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Diemschutz was sentenced to three months’ imprisonment with hard labour, and Kosebrodski sentenced to pay a fine of four pounds or to be imprisoned for one month. The Times, 26 April 1889
26. I Caught Crippen, by Walter Dew (p.141)
27. London Report for the Te Aroha News (New Zealand), 12 December 1888
28. Daily Telegraph, 1 October 1888
Chapter 9: Rotten to the Core
1. Criminal Investigation Dept, Scotland Yard, 4 October 1888 – reference to papers 52983
2. Metropolitan Police H Division, 4 October 1888 – Reference to papers 52983
3. Before PC White was kicked out of the police force for drunkenness, we find he was ‘severely reprimanded and cautioned’. Police orders, Friday, 23 November 1888
4. Stephen’s Commentaries on the Laws of England, 18th edition, Vol. IV, Butterworth & Co., London, 1925 (p.220)
5. East London Advertiser, 28 July 1888
6. The Times, 8 October 1888
7. Memo by J. S. Sandars, Assistant to E. J. Ruggles-Brise, who himself was the private secretary to the Home Secretary, Henry Matthews, 19 September 1888
8. Evening News, Monday, 1 October 1888
9. Robert Anderson to the Home Office, 23 October 1888: A49301/60
10. It is of note that Sergeant White does not give ‘evidence’ at the Stride inquest. Yet it was he who made ‘a house-to-house search of Berner Street’, and supposedly interviewed Packer. Calling White to the inquest would of course mean calling Matthew Packer.
11. The Star, 4 October 1888
12. Jack the Ripper: Scotland Yard Investigates, by Stewart Evans and Don Rumbelow (p.107)
13. Ibid. (p.108)
14. Sugden (p.227)
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid. (p.228)
17. Daily Telegraph, Saturday, 6 October 1888
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. East London Advertiser, Saturday, 6 October 1888
21. Manchester Guardian, Monday, 8 October 1888
22. Jack the Ripper: The Facts, by Paul Begg (p.145)
23. Le Grande briefly reappears as a ‘witness’ in the Parnell frame-up
24. Donald Swanson’s report, Metropolitan Police, 19 October 1888
25. Sugden (p.225)
26. Jack the Ripper: The Facts, by Paul Begg (p.147)
27. Ibid. (p.144)
28. The Star, 1 October 1888
29. Ibid.
30. Evening Post, 1 October 1888
31. Report to Home Office by Chief Inspector Donald Swanson, dated 19 October 1888
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. The Trials of Israel Lipski, by Martin Friedland, Macmillan, London, 1984 (p.187)
35. Metropolitan Police Office, Police Orders, Thursday, 13 December 1888 (p.1215)
36. The Yorkshire Pioneer, 5 October 1888
37. The Yorkshireman, 11 September 1888
38. The Standard, 1 October 1888
39. Daily News, Monday, 1 October 1888
40. Swanson’s report to Home Office, 19 October 1888
41. Draft letter to Home Office from Robert Anderson, 5 November 1888 (3/53983/1119)
42. The A to Z, 1996 (p.388)
43. Ibid.
44. Report from Sir Charles Warren, confidential letter dated 6 November. Stamped Home Office, 7 November 1888
45. East London Advertiser, 6 October 1888
Chapter 10: ‘They All Love Jack’
1. Tatler, 30 March 1889 (p.90)
2. The World, 15 January 1980 (p.8)
3. Hymns Ancient and Modern, by Jimmy Glover, Fisher Unwin Limited, London, 1926 (p.92)
4. New Era, 14 September 1878 (p.3)
5. Sir Charles Santley, John Newburn Levin, n. d., circa 1927 (p.7)
6. New Penny Magazine, Vol. VIII, Cassell & Co., 1900
7. Memories, an Autobiography, by Walter Macfarren. The Walter Scott Publishing Co. Limited, London & New York, 1905 (pp.1, 4, 6–7)
8. Musical World, 6 December 1884 (p.766)
9. ‘The Regimental March “They All Love Jack” was a composition of one of our celebrated officers of later days, Capt. Michael Maybrick, who wrote under the name of “Stephen Adams”, and was adopted by the corps as their capital Regimental march in the 80s.’ Memories of the Artists Rifles, by Colonel H. R. A. May, 1929 (p.13)
10. The World, 15 January 1890 (p.8)
11. Internet profile of British composer Stephen Adams, by Derek Strahan
12. Once an Artist Always an Artist, by Capt. C. J. Blomfield, Page & Co., London, 1921
13. Records of the Artists Volunteers, 26 February 1886. ‘Michael Maybrick, Gent, to be Lieutenant (Supernumerary),’ 6 February 1886
14. The Criminal, by Havelock Ellis, 1890 (p.94)
15. New York Daily Tribune, 11 November 1888
16. Whoever Fights Monsters, by Robert K. Ressler and Tom Shachtman, St Martin’s Press, New York, 1992 (p.63)
17. Beside Me, by Ann Rule, W. W. Norton & Co., New York and London, 1980 (p.31)
18. Ressler (p.64)
19. Vanity Varnished, by P. Tennyson Cole, Hutchinson, London, 1931 (p.88)
20. Letter to Trevor Christie from Florence Aunspaugh, n. d., circa 1942
21. The Star, 1 October 1888. ‘He gave his name and address, but the police have not disclosed them.’
22. Sunday Times, 11 November 1888
23. Evening News, Saturday, 20 October 1888
24. Evening News, Friday, 19 October 1888
25. The Criminologist, Spring 1989, Vol. 13, No. 1 (pp.12–15)
26. Thomas Horrocks Openshaw, Hotspur Lodge No. 1626. Initiated 27 April 1882, aged twenty-six. Archive at Freemasons’ Hall, 9 May 2007
27. From Constable to Commissioner, by Lieut. Col. Sir Henry Smith (p.154)
28. Ibid. (p.155)
29. Sunday Times, 21 October 1888
30. Report of Chief Inspector Donald Swanson. A49301C/8c. Stamped: Home Office, 6 November 1888. See: City Report, signed Jas. Inspector McWilliam, City of London Police 27 October 1888, who gives the correct date Tuesday, 16 October 1888.
31. Donald Swanson Report to Home Office, 6 November 1888
32. From Constable to Commissioner, by Lieut. Col. Sir Henry Smith (p.154)
33. Sunday Times, 21 October 1888
34. A Treatise: Bright’s Disease, by James Tyson, M. D., P. Blakiston’s Sons & Co., Philadelphia, 1904 (p.101)
35. Report to Home Office, Donald Swanson: A49301C/8c
36. City of London Police: Stamped: Home Office, 29 October 1888. Dept. No. A493018b
37. The Star, Wednesday, 17 October 1888
38. The News from Whitechapel, by Alexander Chisholm, Christopher-Michael DiGrazia and Dave Yost, McFarland & Co., Jefferson, North Carolina, and London, 2002 (p.189)
39. Sickert and the Ripper Crimes, by Jean Overton Fuller, Mandrake, Oxford, 1990 (p.128)
40. Philip Sugden (p.275). Based on Thomas J. Mann, ‘The Ripper and the Poet, a Comparison of Handwriting’, Wade Journal (Chicago) Vol. 2, No. 1, June 1975 (pp.1–31)
41. The True History of the Elephant Man, by Michael Howell and Peter Ford, Penguin Books, London, 1980 (pp.18–19)
42. Round London, by Montagu Williams QC, Macmillan & Co., London and New York, 1892 (p.8)
Chapter 11: On Her Majesty’s Service
1. The Monster of Dusseldorf: The Life and Trial of Peter Kurten, by Margaret Seaton Wagner, E. P. Dutton & Co. Inc., 1933 (p.141)
2. The Unknown Murderer, by Theodor Reik, Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York, 1945 (p.86)
3. Jack the Ripper letter, 23 October 1888
4. To the Under Secretary of State, from Charles Warren. Stamped Home Office, 10 October 1888, A49301C
5. The Life of General Sir Charles Warren, by his grandson, Watkin W. Williams, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1941 (p.222)
6. Home Office, 10 October 1888. Dept. No. A49301B/8
7. ‘The Police of the Metropolis’, Murray’s Magazine, November 1888 (p.16)
8. Days of My Years, by Sir Melville Macnaghten (p.54)
9. The Story of John George Haigh, by Stafford Somerfield, Hood Pearson (p.67)
10. Cassell’s Saturday Journal, 26 December 1900 (p.310)
11. Life and Letters of Sir Charles Hallé, edited by his son, C. E. Hallé, Smith, Elder, & Co., London, 1896 (pp.117–18)
12. The Nation, 16 August 1888 (p.127)
13. The Post Office and its Story, by Edward Bennett, Seeley, Service & Co., Ltd, London, 1912 (p.73)
14. Letter sent by Jack the Ripper to Metropolitan Police, 8 October 1888
15. Truth, 18 October 1888
16. The Post Office and its Story (p.213)
17. Letter from Jonathan Hopson, National Art Library, Victoria & Albert Museum, London, 8 February 2001
18. Masonic Problems and Queries, compiled by Herbert F. Inman, A. Lewis (Masonic Publishers) Ltd, London, 1950. Note: A Lodge is ‘squared’ during the actual progress of a ceremony, when ‘squaring’ is symbolical. To be a Mason is to be ‘On the Square’, as Masons nominate themselves. (p.217)
19. Handy Andy: A Tale of Irish Life, by Samuel Lover, Milner & Co., Ltd, London (p.1)
20. Chief Men Among the Brethren, by Hy Pickering, Pickering & Inglis, London, n. d., circa 1900 (p.211)
21. Robert Anderson, K.C.B.L.L.D. and Lady Agnes Anderson, by their son, A. P. Moore-Anderson, Marshall, Morgan & Scott Ltd, London, 1947
22. Amy Maine interview, conducted by Roger Wilkes (p.7)
23. Fifty Years of Music, by William Boosey, Ernest Benn Ltd, London, 1931 (p.18)
24. Copied from a letter to Trevor Christie from Florence Aunspaugh (n. d., circa 1942)
Chapter 12: The Mouth of the Maggot
1. An Inquiry into the Age of the Moabite Stone, by Samuel Sharpe, Watson & Co., London, 1896. Note: The stone bears an inscription, which purports to have been written about 850 BC by Mesha, King of Moab, who lived in the reigns of the kings of Northern Israel. In its subject matter, its language and its characters, it is most interesting to the student of the Bible.
2. The Life of General Sir Charles Warren, by Watkin W. Williams (p.70 et seq.)
3. Ibid. (p.73)
4. Ibid. (p.74)
5. Palestine Exploration Fund quarterly statement for 1876 (p.137)
6. Ars Quatuor Coronatorum, March 1887 (p.37)
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid. (pp.41–2)
9. The Religion of Ancient Palestine in the Second Millennium B.C., by Stanley A. Cook, Archibald Constable & Co., London, 1908 (p.39)
10. Bible Side-Lights: A Record of Excavation and Discovery in Palestine, by R. A. Stewart Macalister, Hodder & Stoughton, n.d., London (p.72)
11. Punch, 14 August 1886 (p.75)
12. The Echo, Wednesday, 3 October 1888
13. The Times, 9 October 1888
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. The Times, 4 October 1888
18. The Times, 9 October 1888
19. Bradford Observer, 13 September 1888
20. Bradford Observer, Thursday, 4 October 1888
21. New York Herald, 2 October 1888
22. The Echo, Monday, 1 October 1888
23. The Times, 9 October 1888
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid.
33. Public Opinion, 12 October 1888
34. The Echo, Wednesday, 3 October 1888
35. Bradford Observer, Monday, 8 October 1888
36. Ibid.
37. Reported Bradford Observer, Thursday, 13 September 1888
38. New York Herald, 2 October 1888
39. JTR letter, 22 October 1888
40. History of the Royal Engineers, by Whitworth Porter, 1889, Vol. 2 (p.66). See also The Life of Sir Charles Warren, by Watkin W. Williams (p.139)
41. Home Office Minutes, 24 October 1888. No. A49301/E/3
42. Illustrated Weekly Telegraph, Bradford, 3 November 1888
43. Evening News, 18 October 1888
44. Evening News, 19 October 1888
45. The Times, 18 October 1888
46. Jack the Ripper and the London Press, by L. Perry Curtis 2001 (pp.180–1)
47. The Times, 20 October 1888
48. Maggots, Murder and Men, by Zakaria Erzinclioglu, Harley Books, Colchester, 2003 (p.69)
49. The Encyclopedia of Forensic Science, Brian Lane (ed.), Headline Books, 1992
50. The Times, Register of Events in 1888, Saturday, 29 September (p.157)
51. Dr Mark Benecke, ‘The Great Maggot Detective,’ Sunday Telegraph Magazine, 6 March 2003 (p.22)
52. Casebook of a Crime Psychiatrist, by James A. Brussel, with an introduction by Gerold Frank, Dell, 1968 (p.12)
53. Ibid. (p.149 et seq.)
54. The Times, 23 October 1888
55. Ibid.
56. Ibid.
57. Ibid.
Chapter 13: A Gentleman’s Lair
1. The Toynbee Record, December 1888 (p.31)
2. Fifth Annual Report (Toynbee Hall), 1889
3. Canon Barnett by His Wife, John Murray, London, 1921 (p.161)
4. Ibid. (p.479)
5. Toynbee Hall, by J. A. R. Pimlot, J. M. Dent & Sons Limited, London, 1935 (p.82)
6. Canon Barnett by His Wife (p.694)
7. Robert K. Ressler was a supervisory Special Agent with the FBI. He has served as an instructor and criminologist at the FBI’s training academy since 1974, and is on the faculty of the FBI Academy in the Behavioral Science Unit. Robert D. Keppel is the Chief Criminal Investigator for the Washington State Attorney General’s Office. He has a Ph.D in criminal justice from the University of Washington and has been an investigator or consultant to over 2,000 murder cases and over fifty serial murder investigations.
8. New York Herald, 19 July 1889
9. Mapping Murder, by Professor David Canter, Virgin Books, 2003 (pp.92–3)
10. The Windsor Magazine, Ward, Lock & Co. Limited, London, 1898 (p.541). See also: Quintin Hogg: A Biography, by Ethel Hogg, Constable & Co., London, 1904
11. The Story of My Life, by the Right Honourable Sir Edward Clarke, K.C., John Murray, London, 1923 (p.29)
12. Casebook of a Crime Psychiatrist, by James A. Brussel (p.12). This is actually in the introduction to his book, written by Gerold Frank
13. The Freemason, 6 February 1892 (p.67)
14. East London Observer, 7 February 1885
15. The Toynbee Record, October 1888 (p.11)
16. Joined in 1879 and 1882 respectively
17. Men and Memories: Recollections of William Rothenstein, Faber & Faber Limited, London, 1932 (p.30)
18. Memories of the Artists Rifles, by Colonel H. A. R. May, Howlett & Son, London, 1929 (p.260)
19. ‘He would kidnap his victims from the parking lot of a restaurant and transport them elsewhere for rape and murder. Unlike many organized offenders, he would leave the bodies in locations that were only partially concealed, and then would call the police and report seeing a body. As the police rushed to the location of that body, the offender rushed back to the hospital, so that when the call from the police came to the hospital for an ambulance to be dispatched, he would be in a position to answer that call.’ Whoever Fights Monsters, by Robert K. Ressler and Tom Shachtman (p.120)
20. Ibid. (p.116)
21. ‘Most serial killers have been living with their fantasies for years before they finally bubble to the surface and are translated into deeds.’ Robert D. Keppel (p.7)
22. East London Observer, 11 August 1888
23. Ibid.
24. Days of My Years, by Sir Melville Macnaghten
25. Pall Mall Gazette, 31 March 1903
26. The Times, 19 July 1889
27. Ars Quatuor Coronatorum, March 1887 (p.37)
28. Macnaghten (p.62). Simon Pure: the real man. In Mrs Centlivre’s Bold Stroke for a Wife, a Colonel Feignwell passes himself off as Simon Pure, and wins the heart of Miss Lovely. No sooner does he get the assent of her guardian than the veritable Quaker shows himself, and proves, beyond a doubt, that he is the real Simon Pure. (Source: M. N. Brewer, Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (p.1144)
29. Morals and Dogma, by Albert Pike (p.75)
30. The Times, Thursday, 15 August 1889
31. Isle of Wight Observer, Saturday, 20 September 1913
32. Crashaw was popular with the Victorians. His poems are reviewed alongside those of Frederick Weatherly in The Times of 23 December 1884, the pair of them appearing in the same article, entitled ‘The Poets of Christmas’.
33. The Meaning of Masonry, by W. L. Wilmshurst, Bell Publishing Company, New York, 1927 (pp.167–8)
34. The Jack the Ripper A to Z , by Paul Begg, Martin Fido and Keith Skinner, 2010 (p.64)
35. New York Herald, 17 July 1889
36. New York Tribune, 11 November 1888
Chapter 14: ‘Orpheus’
1. Deposition of Mr Edward Garnet Heaton, Pharmacist, at Mrs. Maybrick’s trial. The Trial of Mrs. Maybrick, edited by H. B. Irving, William Hodge & Co., London, 1912 (pp.192–4)
2. Inscribed ‘on her birthday’, 2 August 1865. Jack the Ripper: The Final Chapter, by Paul Feldman, Virgin, London, 1997 (p.123)
3. ‘There is a woman – who calls herself Mrs. Maybrick, and who claims to have been James Maybrick’s real wife. She was staying on a visit at a somewhat out of the way, at 8, Dundas St, Monkwearmouth, during the Trial.’ Alexander Macdougall (pp.20–1)
4. Evidence of Elizabeth Humphreys, at the trial of Mrs Maybrick, Irving (p.83)
5. Review of Reviews, edited by W. T. Stead, Vol. VI, July–December 1892 (392)
6. Michael Maybrick interview, New York Herald (London edition), Wednesday, 21 August 1889
7. Part II of Longfellow’s ‘Christus: The Golden Legend’
8. Orpheus from Consecration to Jubilee, by Bro G. T. E. Sheddon, 1977 (p.1)
9. Letter from the Library and Museum of Freemasonry, 29 October 2001
10. Royal Arch Working Explained, by Ex. Comp. Herbert F. Inman, Spencer & Co., London, 1933 (p.170)
11. Constitutions of Free and Accepted Masons, United Grand Lodge of England, by Colonel Shadwell H. Clerke, London, 1884 (p.viii)
12. The Cotton Trade of Great Britain, by Thomas Ellison (first edition 1886) (p.258)
13. Letter from myself to the Supreme Council, 10 Duke Street, London, 7 March 2002
14. Reply from Supreme Council 33º (Ref 2412/nrb), 8 March 2002
15. It’s one thing to clutch at straws and another to clutch at water. While it is true that the so-called ‘diary’ passed through Mike Barrett’s hands on its journey to the light, it is equally true that he had absolutely nothing to do with the creation of it. If Barrett was the author of this document, why is its provenance protected by the Metropolitan Police?
In 2009, under provisions of the Freedom of Information Act, Keith Skinner made an application to obtain what is known of the provenance of this ‘diary’. The request was refused by the Metropolitan Police, on grounds that most certainly did not include the authorial fantasies of Mr Michael Barrett.
‘Freedom of Information Request No: 2009080005788
Dear Mr. Skinner, I respond in connection with your request for information dated 19/08/2009, which was received by the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) on 24/08/2009. Decision: In accordance with the Freedom of Information Act 2000 (the Act), this letter represents a refusal notice for this particular request under Section 17(4). No inference can be taken from this refusal that the information you have requested does or does not exist.
Yours sincerely Ben Sayers Specialist Crime Directorate SCD Senior Information Manager’
In other words, the provenance of this document, which either does or does not exist, must remain a ‘mystery’. Put that in context with the rest of the ‘Mystery of Jack the Ripper’, and we get a pretty good idea of what the ‘mystery’ is.
In my view this ‘diary’ was not written by Michael Barrett but by Michael Maybrick, and it is consistent with the rest of the poison he disseminated in an attempt to implicate his brother James as the Ripper. I believe this example of it was concealed at Battlecrease House, where it remained undiscovered for about a hundred years. I don’t need it to bust Michael Maybrick, but it gives me a perverse satisfaction to know that this repugnant criminal ended up busting himself.
16. Also reported in the Pall Mall Gazette, 12 October 1888
Chapter 15: ‘The Ezekiel Hit’
1. Jack the Ripper letter to Central News, 19 October 1888
2. Note: Hutchinson added further invention to his description, including ‘his watch chain had a big seal with a red stone hanging from it’. The Times, Wednesday, 14 November 1888
3. Ibid.
4. The Globe, Friday, 9 November 1888
5. The Graphic, 17 November 1888
6. Manchester Evening News, Friday, 9 November 1888
7. ‘Sir C. Warren arrived at a quarter to two in a hansom cab.’ Manchester Evening News, 9 November 1888
8. Daily Telegraph, Saturday, 10 November 1888
9. Ibid.
10. Daily Telegraph, Thursday, 20 September 1888 (4th session of inquest into the death of Annie Chapman)
11. The Times, Thursday, 11 October 1888
12. St James’s Gazette, 10 November 1888
13. Evening Express, 12 November 1888
14. Pall Mall Gazette, 10 November 1888
15. Manchester Evening News, 9 November 1888
16. Yorkshire Post, 10 November 1888
17. Evening News, Monday, 12 November 1888
18. The Times, Monday, 12 November 1888
19. Evening Post, 9 November 1888
20. Report from Dr Thomas Bond, requested by Robert Anderson and submitted 10 November 1888, HO 144/221/A49301C/ff217-232
21. According to Sydney Smith (Professor of Forensic Medicine at the University of Edinburgh), ‘rigidity is present to a quite definite extent, four or five hours after death; it is usually present in the muscles of the lower jaw in three hours or even earlier’ (p.19). Dr Bond reported that ‘rigor mortis had set in but increased during the process of examination’. Bond arrived at 2 p.m. into a still-warm room (‘the police say that when they entered the room it was quite warm’, The Star, Monday, 12 November 1888). ‘Rigor is delayed by cold, accelerated by heat,’ writes Professor Smith. Thus, extrapolating from Smith would give a probable time for Kelly’s death at between nine and ten o’clock that morning. Forensic Medicine, by Sydney Smith, J. & A. Churchill Limited, London, 1938
22. Addressed to ‘Dear Boss, Lemen [sic] Street Police Station’. In this letter the author again threatens to kill Matthew Packer: ‘I mean to kill Packer, the fruiterer in Berner St, he knows me too well.’
23. ‘Some Medical Observations on the Ripper Case’, by Nick Warren, Ripperana, No. 18, 19 October 1996
24. ‘The Millers Court murder/A disgusting affair/Done by a Polish Knacker rather fair/The Morn (of the murder) I went to the place–/Had a shine but left in haste’. This crass verse was mailed on the eve of the anniversary of the Kelly murder at Miller’s Court, to which it refers. ‘Had a shine’ means to masturbate. Signed J. Ripper, November 8, 1889, addressed to Superintendent of Great Scotland Yard, London.
25. Pall Mall Gazette, 12 November 1888
26. Autumn of Terror, by Tom Cullen, The Bodley Head, London, 1965
27. Ibid. (p.191)
28. Police, by J. Hall Richardson, London, 1889 (p.277)
29. The Globe, Monday, 11 November 1888
30. ‘During the course of last evening Dr. G. B. Phillips visited the House of Commons, where he had a conference with the Under-secretary of the Home Office, Mister Stuart-Wortley.’ Daily Telegraph, 10 October 1888
31. Sir Richard Webster, Hansard, 28 February 1890 (p.1555)
32. Jack the Ripper: The Final Solution, by Stephen Knight, David McKay Company, New York, 1976
33. Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History (p.248)
34. Portrait of a Killer, by Patricia Cornwell (p.349)
35. New York Daily Tribune, 10 November 1888
36. New York Daily Tribune, 14 November 1888
37. New York Daily Tribune, 11 November 1888
38. Ibid.
39. New York Times, 14 November 1888
40. New York Daily Tribune, 11 November 1888
41. The World, New York, 10 November 1888
42. New York Herald, 18 July 1888
43. The Referee, 2 December 1888
44. Sugden (p.314)
45. The Ritual of Transcendental Magic, by Eliphas Levi, translated by Arthur Edward Waite, reprinted Bracken Books, London, 1995 (p.334)
46. Morals and Dogma, by Albert Pike (p.321)
47. Scintilla-Altaris, Being a Pious Reflection on Primitive Devotion, by Edward Sparke, Preacher at St. James Clerkenwell, London, 1660 (p.97)
48. ‘The author of Revelation calls himself John the Apostle, and addresses the Seven Churches of Asia; as he was not the Apostle John, who died perhaps in Palestine about [AD] 66, he was a forger.’
‘Since the year 1892, we have been in possession of a large portion of an Apocalypse attributed to St. Peter, discovered in Egypt six years before this date, together with the gospel known as that of St. Peter. It is derived from popular Jewish and Greek sources, and shows striking analogies with the Orphic doctrines. The author was an Egyptian Jew, of Hellenistic tendencies and some erudition. This Apocalypse was probably produced in the same literary factory as the two letters of St. Peter and his Gospel, which are also Greco-Egyptian forgeries.’ Orpheus: A History of Religion, by Salomon Reinach, Horace Liveright, Inc., New York, 1930 (p.261)
49. Revelation, Chapter 17 – Numbers 4 & 16
50. Evening Standard, Saturday, 12 November 1888
51. The Thames Torso Murders of Victorian London, by R. Michael Gordon, McFarland & Co. Inc., North Carolina and London, 2002 (p.163)
52. Sugden (p.315)
53. ‘Another Look at Mary Kelly’s Heart’, The Criminologist, Winter 1998 (p.245)
54. Concise Bible Commentary, by Lowther Clarke, SPCK, London, 1952 (p.568)
55. Pall Mall Gazette, 4 November 1889
56. The Jack the Ripper A to Z, by Paul Begg, Martin Fido and Keith Skinner (p.214)
57. Autumn of Terror, by Tom Cullen, The Bodley Head, London, 1965 (p.191)
58. The News from Whitechapel, by Alexander Chisholm, Christopher-Michael DiGrazia and Dave Yost (p.195)
59. La Lanterne, Paris, 19 January 1890
60. The News from Whitechapel (p.194)
61. The Times, 13 November 1888
62. Macnaghten (p.62)
63. Tatler, 17 November 1888 (p.195)
64. New York Daily Tribune, 13 November 1888
65. The Star, 19 October 1888
66. ‘Absurdly ineffectual arrests have been made.’ New York Herald, 11 November 1888
67. Sugden (p.322)
68. ‘It is generally agreed that the murderer has no accomplices who could betray him.’ Home Office, 10 September 1888. No. A49301B/
69. The Lighter Side of My Official Life, by Sir Robert Anderson, Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1910 (p.136)
Chapter 16: ‘Red Tape’
1. Days of My Years, by Sir Melville Macnaghten (p.61)
2. Death Certificate received from Wynne L. Baxter. Inquest held 26 November 1888. Death Certificate No. W145516 – see The Times, 5 January 1889
3. The Identity of Jack the Ripper, Donald McCormick, Jarrolds, 1959 (p.156) and Unsolved Victorian Murders, by Jonathan Sutherland, Breedon Books, 2002 (p.41)
4. Days of My Years, Macnaghten (p.54)
5. The Letters of Queen Victoria, Third Series, edited by George Earle Buckle, three volumes, Vol. 1 1886/1890, John Murray, London, 1930 (p.449)
6. Jack the Ripper: The Bloody Truth, by Melvin Harris (p.119)
7. Ibid. (p.120)
8. The Rosicrucians. Their Rites and Mysteries, by Hargrave Jennings, London, 1887
9. Revelations of the Golden Dawn, by R. A. Gilbert, Quantum, London, 1997
10. Ars Quatuor Coronatorum, Vol. 100, 1987, published November 1988, article ‘William Wynn Westcott and the Esoteric School of Masonic Research’, by Bro. R. A. Gilbert, 19 February 1987 (p.14)
11. Lucifer: A Theosophical Magazine, edited by H. P. Blavatsky and A. Besant, Vol. 3, 1889
12. Theosophical Publishing Society (1911)
13. Mathers was quoting Eliphas Levi’s Histoire de Magie (translated from the French by A. E. Waite, circa 1920)
14. Real History of the Rosicrucians, by A. E. Waite, 1887 (p.424)
15. The Rosicrucian Cosmo-Conception or Mystic Christianity, by Max Heindel, London, L. N. Flower & Co., 1911 (p.254)
16. Evening Post (Somerset), 22 August 1888
17. Bradford Observer, Tuesday, 8 January 1889
18. Western Advertiser, 9 January 1889
19. The Masonic Why and Wherefore, by W. Bro. J. S. M. Ward, London, 1929 (pp.5–7)
20. Ars Quatuor Coronatorum, Vol. 1, 1886–1888 (p.198)
21. Ibid.
22. The Freemason, 17 November 1888
23. Found at Cage Lane, Plumstead, London
24. Mailed from Paddington to Commercial Street police station, Whitechapel
25. Manchester Courier, 20 November 1888. Note: On the following day a young woman passed a threatening letter she’d received to the Manchester Police. Signed ‘Jack the Ripper’ and ‘couched in the usual language’, its author claimed immunity from arrest because he had ‘squared the police’. This was either another remarkable telepathic communication between the Ripper and his provincial fanbase, or it was penned by the same correspondent who about a month before had written to Superintendent Foster of the City Police: ‘Has it not occurred to you that your men are unable to find “Jack” because he “Mitre Square’d” them?’ (16 October 1888)
26. Ballad Concert, St James’s Hall, London (programme singing with Sims Reeves). The Times, Wednesday, 12 November 1888
27. Glasgow Herald, Friday, 23 November 1888
28. Edinburgh Evening News, Wednesday, 21 November 1888 (announcing concert)
29. Sheffield & Rotherham Independent, Thursday, 22 November 1888 (announcing concert)
30. London Ballad Concert programme, St James’s Hall, 28 November 1888
31. Amy Maine interview (aged ninety-one), recorded July 1985 by Roger Wilkes (p.4). ‘He used to tell little anecdotes about staying [in] a place where there was a coffin under the bed with a body in it.’
32. Etched in Arsenic: A New Study of the Maybrick Case, by Trevor L. Christie, George G. Harrap & Co., London, 1969 (p.63)
33. The Maybrick Case, by Alexander William Macdougall, 1891. Evidence of Elizabeth Humphreys at the ‘trial’ (p.351)
34. Isle of Wight Observer, Saturday, 20 September 1913, and Great Thoughts From Masterminds, Vol. 5, 1913 (p.393)
35. The Expedition of Humphry Clinker, by T. Smollet M.D., Cochrane & Pickersgill, London, 1831 (p.338)
36. The Trial of Mrs. Maybrick, edited by H. B. Irving (p.31). ‘I mentioned it at Christmas time, when I asked him to come up to London to see Dr. Fuller.’
37. Great True Crime Stories, selected and edited by Pamela Search, Avco Publications, London, 1957, Vol.2 (p.133)
38. Illustrated Weekly Telegraph, Saturday, 29 December 1888
39. The Savage Club, by Aaron Watson, T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1907 (p.307)
40. Bradford Post Office Directory, 1894 (p.39). Carlo Fara joined the Shakespeare Lodge on 8 April 1885
41. The Magicians of the Golden Dawn, 1887–1923, by Ellic Howe, Routledge, Kegan Paul, London, 1972 (p.54)
42. Illustrated Weekly Telegraph, Bradford, Saturday, 29 December 1888
43. Bradford Observer, Tuesday, 1 January 1889
44. Ibid.
45. Mysteries of Police and Crime, by Major Arthur Griffiths, Castle & Company, London, 1902, Vol. 1 (p.35). This is generally considered its first appearance in print, but see The Referee, 22 January 1899: ‘Almost immediately after this murder he drowned himself in the Thames.’
46. Bradford Observer, Tuesday, 1 January 1889
47. Bradford Observer, Wednesday, 2 January 1889
48. Ibid.
49. Richardson’s Monitor of Free-Masonry, by Jabez Richardson, Dick & Fitzgerald, New York, 1860 (pp109–10). See also: Ritual of Freemasonry, by Avery Allyn, Boston, 1831 (p.223 et seq.)
50. Masonic Records 1717–1894, by John Lane, F.C.A., Freemasons’ Hall, London, 1895 (p.22)
51. The Judy, 3 October 1888
52. Pall Mall Gazette, 8 October 1888 (p.3)
53. New York Herald, 10 November 1888
54. New York Herald, 1 October 1888
55. New York Daily Tribune, 18 September 1889
56. Bradford Citizen, Saturday, 5 January 1889
57. Leeds Evening Express, Saturday, 29 December 1888
58. Bradford Observer, Monday, 31 December 1888
59. (Bradford) Herald, Friday, 4 January 1889
60. Bucke did not turn the body, meaning he was looking at the front of it
61. (Bradford) Herald, Friday, 4 January 1889
62. Yorkshire Post, Tuesday, 1 January 1889
63. The name is spelled BARRIT in the 1881 census, and also on his gravestone. He died aged sixty-two on 26 September 1927
64. West Yorkshire Pioneer, Friday, 4 January 1889
65. Leeds Mercury, weekly supplement, Saturday, 5 January 1889
66. Bradford Daily Telegraph, Monday, 31 December 1888
67. Bradford Daily Telegraph, Saturday, 29 December 1888
68. Otley News, Friday, 4 January 1889
69. (Bradford) Herald, 14 January 1889
70. Yorkshire Post, Wednesday, 2 January 1889
71. Illustrated Police News, Saturday, 5 January 1889
72. Bradford Observer, Monday, 7 January 1889
73. Bradford Daily Telegraph, Tuesday, 1 January 1889
74. Ibid.
75. Keighley Evening News, Saturday, 12 January 1889
76. Bradford Telegraph, Monday, 31 December 1888
77. Bradford Observer, Thursday, 3 January 1889
78. History of the Royal Yorkshire Lodge (Minutes of 1 August), 19 July 1887 (p.50)
79. William Thomas McGowan, Bradford Lodge of Hope, was Senior Warden in 1883. Lodge records (p.20)
80. The Magicians of the Golden Dawn, by Ellic Howe (p.111)
81. Bradford Observer, 3 January 1889
82. Ibid.
83. Illustrated Weekly Telegraph, Bradford, Saturday, 5 January 1889
84. Illustrated Police News, 5 January 1889
85. Bradford Daily Telegraph, 28 February 1889
86. Bradford Observer, Thursday, 8 January 1889
87. Keighley News, 19 January 1889
88. Ibid.
89. Bradford Daily Telegraph, Thursday, 17 January 1889
90. Illustrated (Bradford) Weekly Telegraph, 19 January 1889
91. Bradford Daily Telegraph, Wednesday, 16 January 1889
92. The Great Beast: The Life of Aleister Crowley, by John Symonds, Rider & Company, London, 1951 (p.24)
93. Bradford Observer, Wednesday, 13 March 1889
94. Bradford Citizen, Saturday, 5 January 1889
95. Bradford Daily Telegraph, Tuesday, 14 March 1889
96. Leeds Evening Express, Saturday, 29 December 1888
97. i) Bro Alderman Thomas Hill: Past Grand Warden Scientific Lodge No. 439 (Centenary History of the Scientific Lodge): Bradford Telegraph, 7 November 1885, and Worshipful Master, Bradford Lodge of Hope, 1883 (obituary in Bradford Observer, 2 October 1891)
ii) Alderman John Hill: unknown whether he was a Freemason
iii) Bro William Oddy: listed as a visitor to Acacia Lodge, No. 2321 (The Freemason, 12 November 1892); his grave at Undercliff Cemetery, Bradford, is engraved with the Freemasonic symbol of the compass and the square
iv) Bro John Ambler: Bradford Lodge of Hope (Lodge records, p.20)
v) Bro John Armitage: Bradford Lodge of Hope, and its Worshipful Master in 1894 (ibid.)
vi) Bro James Freeman: Past Master, Prince of Wales Lodge, No. 1648 (Bradford Contemporary Biographies – Legal, circa 1890, Keighley Public Library, p.221)
98. Otley News, 4 January 1889: ‘The Bradford and London police have been in active communication.’
99. Home Office Confidential Entry Books, 1 November 1887–30 November 1890 (p.407: ‘Murder of J. Gill at Bradford’)
100. Salisbury: Victorian Titan, by Andrew Roberts (p.448)
101. Bradford Pioneer, Friday, 18 January 1889
102. Ibid.
103. Shipley Times, Saturday, 12 January 1889
104. West Yorkshire Archive, Wakefield: A250/4 1859–1898. Disciplinary/Defaulters Book, Bradford City Police. PC171, Arthur Kirk, was fined two shillings for the offence.
105. Shipley Times, 12 January 1889
106. Hand-delivered letter to the coroner, Bradford Daily Telegraph, 25 January 1889
107. Ibid.
108. Keighley Herald, 15 March 1889
109. Ibid.
110. Bradford Daily Telegraph, Monday, 18 March 1889
111. Bradford Observer, Thursday, 10 January 1889
112. Bradford Observer, Friday, 11 January 1889
113. Ibid.
114. Keighley Gazette, Thursday, 17 January 1889
115. Keighley News, Saturday, 12 January 1889
116. Bradford Observer, Monday, 14 January 1889
117. Bradford Daily Telegraph, Saturday, 25 January 1889
118. Keighley News, 9 February 1889
119. (JTR Letter) Sent from Alma Road N. Jany 1888 [sic: 1889]
Note: On 15 January 1889, Jack the Ripper wrote, ‘I ripped up/little boy in Bradford,’ signed Jack Bane. (‘Bane’ means ruin, death, or destruction – Anglo-Saxon, bana, a murder)
120. Bradford Daily Telegraph, Thursday, 14 March 1889
121. Ibid.
122. À propos of his membership of the Salvation Army, Dyer had sent a letter to the Bradford Observer on 13 February 1889 (p.7):
‘On Monday last, we published a statement from a correspondent to the effect that the man Dyer, a witness in the Manningham murder case, was not connected with the Salvation Army. This has drawn forth the following extraordinary communication, which reached us last night:–
“Dear Captan of the salvation Army, I ham so glad that you have put in the paper that I never was a member of your Low lot of people only if captan hagget was her he would have no me. But it will save Late salvation John Thomas Dyer a lot of Penny and shillins in his pocket and it will make me into a gentleman and the money that I youst to give to keepe Black pudin Lucey and orane harert and Big Lazy followrs of Captons and Low peple it will take me to Liverpool from a week or tow.
From the Late Salvation Jony Thomas Dyer
Think of me on the happy shore by and …”’
123. Keighley News, 30 March 1889
124. Bradford Daily Telegraph, Wednesday, 13 March 1889
125. (JTR) Letter to City Police Office, 18 October 1888. Police Box 318. No. 215
Chapter 17: ‘The Spirit of Evil’
1. Post-trial affidavit of John Flemming, in The Necessity For Criminal Appeal as Illustrated by the Maybricks Case, edited by J. H. Levy, London, P. S. King and Son, Orchard House, Westminster, 1899 (p.484)
2. Evidence of Edward Heaton – p.192, The Trial of Mrs. Maybrick, Irving, 1912 (Heaton’s shop was opposite the Cotton Exchange, now ‘right across the street’; reported in New York Herald, 21 August 1889)
3. The Maybrick Case, by Alexander William Macdougall, Baillière, Tindall & Cox, London, 1891 (p.76)
4. Liverpool Daily Post, 8 September 1889; also Macdougall (p.75)
5. Affidavit of Valentine Blake, J. H. Levy (pp.477–84)
6. The Trial of Mrs. Maybrick, Irving (p.58)
7. New York Herald, Wednesday, 21 August 1889
8. New York Herald, Wednesday, 14 August 1889
9. A barrister since 26 January 1871, practising out of Lincoln’s Inn, London. The Lawyer’s Companion and Diary, 1890 (p.65)
10. Letter from Schweisso to Alexander Macdougall, London, 19 January 1890, Macdougall (pp.16–17)
11. Letter from Charles Ratcliffe to John Aunspaugh, 7 June 1889 (Trevor Christie Collection)
12. Evidence of Alice Yapp at magisterial inquiry, Macdougall (p.503), Irving (p.64)
13. In the weekly The Freemason for 28 December 1889 is an end-of-year round-up of all Freemasons who died between January and December 1889. James Maybrick is not included in this list
14. The Keystone, a Masonic weekly newspaper published in Philadelphia, USA, 30 September 1882
15. Letter from Florence Aunspaugh to Trevor Christie (Trevor Christie Collection)
16. Ibid.
17. New York Herald, Wednesday, 21 August 1889
18. Letter from Caroline, Baroness von Roques, to the Prince of Wales. Dated 15 May 1891 (Courtesy of the Library of Freemasons’ Hall, GBR 1991 FMH HC9/C/31a-d)
19. Letter from ‘Marlborough House’ to Shadwell Clerke, 16 May 1891. Return letter from Colonel Shadwell Clerke, dated 21 June 1891 – ‘Matter a legal one in which it’s impossible that H. R. H. can interfere.’
20. The House of Lords, by Thomas Alfred Spaulding, T. Fisher Unwin, 1884 (p.123)
Chapter 18: ‘The Maybrick Mystery’
1. Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, by Leon Radzinowicz, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1957 (p.30)
2. Ibid. (p.33)
3. The Marquis of Salisbury, by Frederick Douglas How, Isbister & Co. Limited, London, 1902 (p.20)
4. Radzinowicz (p.35)
5. Ibid. (p.8)
6. The Life of Sir Fitzjames Stephen, by his brother, Leslie Stephen, Smith, Elder & Co., London, 1895 (p.302)
7. Prince Eddy and the Homosexual Underworld, by Theo Aronson, Barnes & Noble Books, New York, 1995
8. Radzinowicz (p.15)
9. Politics and Law in the Life of Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, by John Hostettler, Barry Rose Law Publishers Ltd, Chichester, England, 1995 (p.243)
10. Radzinowicz (p.15)
11. Sir Fitzjames Stephen, Summing up to Jury, Irving (p.352)
12. Washington Evening Star, 20 August 1889
13. 30 April 1889, Macdougall (p.73)
14. Ibid. (p.74)
15. The Life of Lord Russell of Killowen, by R. Barry O’Brien, Smith, Elder & Co., London, 1902. O’Brien writes, ‘When the Pigott [Parnell] crisis was over, I called on Russell. He was a new man. All traces of stress and anxiety had disappeared. He looked happy and joyous’ (p.243)
16. The Life of Edward VII, J. Castell Hopkins, 1910 (p.209)
17. Macdougall (p.410)
18. Ibid. (p.576)
19. Ibid.
20. The Necessity for Criminal Appeal as Illustrated by the Maybrick Case, by J. H. Levy, P. S. King & Son, London, 1899 (p.vii)
21. Sir Charles Russell’s letter to Sir Matthew White Ridley, 21 November 1895. Received Home Office 26 November 1895. HO code: A50678D-267
22. Evidence of Mary Cadwallader, Macdougall, 1891 (p.480)
23. Macdougall (p.469)
24. Evidence of Alice Yapp, given at the magisterial inquiry, Macdougall (p.477)
25. Macdougall, 1896 (p.118)
26. Ibid. (p.123)
27. Macdougall, 1891 (pp.476–7)
28. The Student’s Hand-Book of Forensic Medicine and Medical Police, by H. Aubrey Husband, E. & S. Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1877 (pp.287–8)
29. Ibid.
30. Dr Humphreys’ evidence at inquest, Macdougall, 1896 (p.123)
31. Macdougall, 1891 (p.53)
32. Macdougall, 1896 (p.19)
33. Macdougall, 1891 (p.54)
34. Ibid. (p.72)
35. Macdougall, 1896 (p.121)
36. Stamped: Received, Home Office, 20 August 1889: A50678D
37. Edwin gave evidence that the only days lunch was taken to the office were Wednesday, 1 May and Thursday, 2 May. Macdougall (p.78)
38. Her affairs with Edwin Maybrick and Williams (a London lawyer) were not made public as was that with Brierley. Letter from Florence Aunspaugh to Christie (Trevor Christie Collection)
39. Statement by Robert Edwin Reeves (Convict 289) given at H.M. Prison, Lewes, Sussex, on 27 January 1894. Stamped: Home Office, 1 February 1894. HO 144/1639/A50678
40. Ibid.
41. Ibid.
42. Ibid.
43. Home Office: 30 January 1894. HO 144/1638 A50678D/16
44. Macdougall, 1891 (p.241)
45. Records of Liverpool Cotton Association Limited. Board Meeting: ‘Transfer of shares from James Maybrick (decd) to Edwin Maybrick.’ (Board Minute Book/Vol.2/6 Dec 1888–15 Oct 1894)
46. Dr Humphreys in his evidence said, ‘If Mrs Maybrick said her husband was not to take any drink, except as a gargle, she was carrying out my orders.’ Macdougall, 1896 (p.188)
47. Liverpool Courier, 29 June 1889
48. Letter from Charles Ratcliffe to John Aunspaugh, 7 June 1889
49. Macdougall, 1891 (pp.315–17)
50. Ibid. (p.82)
51. Letter from Florence Aunspaugh to Trevor Christie, circa 1942 (Trevor Christie Collection)
52. Affidavit of Alfred Brierley, n. d. but August 1889. Macdougall, 1896 (p.221)
53. Liverpool Daily Post, 3 June 1889
54. Cover of New Statesman magazine, 15 March 1985
55. Letter from Florence Aunspaugh to Trevor Christie (Christie Collection)
56. Etched in Arsenic by Trevor Christie, 1968 (p.56)
57. Liverpool Daily Post, 14 August 1889 (See Macdougall, 1896, p.78). Note: In his evidence at cross-examination, Michael Maybrick said the opposite, claiming, on Wednesday, 8 May, that Mrs Briggs had sent him a telegram (Irving, p.24). Who informed Michael Maybrick that his brother was ‘very ill’ on Tuesday, 7 May? In evidence given at the ‘trial’, Dr Humphreys deposed: ‘on Tuesday (7 May) I saw Mr. Maybrick in the morning and he appeared better. He said, “Humphreys, I am quite a different man all together today.”’
58. Liverpool Daily Post, 14 August 1889
59. Irving (p.72)
60. Yapp’s deposition at magisterial hearing. Macdougall, 1896 (p.41)
61. Alice Yapp’s evidence at the ‘trial’. Irving (p.66)
62. Ibid.
63. Ibid.
64. Accusations that Yapp was spying on behalf of Michael Maybrick are plausible. Nurse Over, who preceded Yapp as the children’s nanny, speaks of her as ‘“of an exceedingly prying nature, and says that on several occasions the cook, Humphreys, said that she opened letters, and that as soon as Mrs. Maybrick’s back was turned, she was prying about in her room. The letter Mrs. Maybrick sent for reference for the girl Parker, she held over a kettle, steamed it, and opened it so as to know what she had said.” Over’s impression of Alice Yapp is confirmed by a Mr M. R. Levy, who has made a statement, which is interesting in view of the increasing public interest in Alice Yapp. He says: “Last October I went to Battlecrease to see Mrs. Maybrick and found she had gone to Southport. I asked if I might write a letter to her, and was shown into a room for that purpose. I wrote the letter supposing I was alone in the room. Just as I had finished something caused me to turn, and I found Alice Yapp leaning over my shoulder and perusing the letter. It made me so angry that I struck her.”’ New York Herald, Sunday, 18 August 1889
65. There had been a ‘violent rain storm’ on the previous day. ‘Notes on the Maybrick Trial, by Dr. William Carter’, Liverpool Medical Chirurgical Journal, 1890 (p.121)
66. Evidence of Alice Yapp, Irving (pp.70–1)
67. Letters to Sir Matthew White Ridley, Macdougall, 1896 (p.236)
68. Florence ‘fainted’ on 11 May, meaning Yapp couldn’t have been given the letter on 8 May
69. Macdougall, 1896 (p.232)
70. Evidence of Michael Maybrick at the ‘trial’. Irving (p.24)
71. Irving (pp.50–1)
72. This evidence wasn’t given at the ‘trial’, but was written up later by Dr Carter. ‘Notes on the Maybrick Trial, by Dr. William Carter’, Liverpool Medical Chirurgical Journal, 1890 (pp.124–5)
73. This Friendless Lady, by Nigel Moreland, Frederick Muller Limited, London, 1957 (p.57)
74. Evidence of Mrs Martha Louisa Hughes at the ‘trial’. Irving (p.45)
75. Edward Davies was given the bottle of meat juice on the night of Saturday, 11 May by Dr Carter. It wasn’t tested until the following day, on Sunday morning, but no ‘quantitative analysis’ was made until 23 May, when ‘half a grain of arsenic was found in the solution’. Macdougall, 1896 (p.112)
76. See Macdougall, 1896, where Michael Maybrick is quoted as saying, ‘Florence, or Flory, how dare you change the medicine from one bottle to another’ (p.100)
77. Evidence of Margaret Jane Callery at the magisterial inquiry. Macdougall, 1896 (p.182): this evidence was withheld at the ‘trial’
78. Evidence of Elizabeth Humphreys, Irving (p.83)
79. Macdougall, 1891 (p.219)
80. A Liverpool cause célèbre. Between 1880 and 1883, sisters Mrs Flannagan and Mrs Higgins poisoned four of their relatives, including Higgins’s husband Thomas, with arsenic, believed to have been boiled out of flypapers (the plan was to collect on life insurance policies). On 14 February 1884 they were found guilty of wilful murder at Liverpool Assizes, and were hanged at Kirkdale Prison a few weeks later.
81. Post-trial deposition from Cadwallader and cook Humphreys given to Macdougall. Macdougall, 1891 (pp.219–20)
82. Post-trial statement given to Macdougall by Elizabeth Humphreys and Mary Cadwallader. Macdougall, 1896 (p.183)
83. Letters from Charles Ratcliffe to John Aunspaugh, 7 June 1889 (Trevor Christie Collection)
84. Macdougall, 1896 (pp.201–3)
85. Letter from Charles Ratcliffe to John Aunspaugh, 7 June 1889 (Trevor Christie Collection)
86. Irving (p.98)
87. Letter to Trevor Christie from Florence Aunspaugh, circa 1942 (Trevor Christie Collection)
88. Mrs. Maybrick’s Own Story: My Fifteen Lost Years, by Florence Elizabeth Maybrick, Funk & Wagnalls Co., New York and London, 1905 (p.23)
89. Letter from Ratcliffe to Aunspaugh, 7 June 1889
90. Mrs. Maybrick’s Own Story (p.26)
91. They found in Mrs Maybrick’s writing desk thirteen love letters from Edwin Maybrick, seven from Alfred Brierley, and five from lawyer Williams of London. Michael Maybrick suppressed Edwin’s letters, and also made an arrangement with lawyer Williams that he would return his (Williams’s) letters to him if he would not assist in any way with the defence. Florence Aunspaugh’s letters to Trevor Christie (Trevor Christie Collection)
92. The Drama of the Law, by Sir Edward Parry, Ernest Benn Limited, London, 1929 (p.101)
93. Fifty-two Years a Policeman, by Sir William Nott-Bower, Edward Arnold & Co., London, 1926 (pp.131–2)
94. Macdougall, 1896 (p.25)
95. Dr Humphreys’ evidence at the inquest, Macdougall, 1891 (p.59)
96. Dr Barron’s evidence at the inquest, Macdougall, 1891 (p.60)
97. Statement of Dalgleish to Coroner Brighouse, 28 May 1889, Macdougall, 1896 (p.26)
98. Macdougall, 1896 (p.26)
99. Ibid. (p.27)
100. ‘FOR DEFENCE – As there are no parties, no distinction should be drawn before verdict between evidence for and evidence against the crown. See Rex V. Scorey (1748), 1 Leach C. C. 43, and the C. A. 1887, s. 4(1), which requires all witnesses to be examined without distinction’ (p.19). ‘A Jury man may be sworn as witness’ (p.58). A Digest of the Law and Practice Relating to the Office of Coroner, by Sydney Taylor, Horace Cox, London, 1893
101. Bro William Pickford, later the Right Honourable Lord Sternsdale, was initiated into Freemasonry on 10 November 1870 (Apollo University Lodge No. 357). The Freemason, 1903, and in 1892 the Northern Bar Lodge No. 1610. History of the Northern Bar Lodge, G. V. D., privately printed, 1976. Knighted in 1907, Pickford became a High Court judge that same year
102. New York Herald, 28 July 1889
103. Macdougall, 1896 (p.23)
104. Ibid. (p.237)
105. Baroness von Roques’ account in a letter to Alexander Macdougall. Macdougall, 1891 (p.9)
106. Ibid. (p.10)
107. Ibid. (p.11)
108. Ibid. (p.8)
109. Ibid. (p.12)
110. Mrs. Maybrick’s Own Story (p.51)
111. Liverpool Citizen, 29 May 1889
112. Ibid.
113. Liverpool Daily Post, 1 June 1889
114. Ibid.
115. New York Herald, Wednesday, 21 August 1889
116. ‘Sale of Mrs. Maybrick’s Furniture’, Liverpool Citizen, 10 July 1889 (p.9). Note: Fletcher Rodgers replaced Dalgleish as foreman at James Maybrick’s inquest. He rented Battlecrease House, where he died in December 1891
117. New York Herald, Wednesday, 21 August 1889. Note: It was Michael Maybrick who refused the death certificate: see Dr Humphreys’ cross-examination at the ‘trial’, Macdougall, 1896 (p.153)
118. New York Herald, Wednesday, 21 August 1899
Chapter 19 Victorian Values
1. The Freemason, 19 November 1892
2. ‘There are few more genial fellows than “Fat Jack,” as he’s called, and one cannot meet him, without thinking of Falstaff or Friar Tuck.’ The Man of the World, 10 August 1889 (p.8)
3. The Trial of Mrs. Maybrick, Irving, 1912 (p.3)
4. The World, New York, Thursday, 1 August 1889
5. Liverpool Daily Post, 31 July 1889
6. Macdougall, 1896 (p.152)
7. Ibid. (p.32)
8. Addison’s opening address for the prosecution, The Trial of Mrs. Maybrick, Irving (p.12)
9. Evidence of Dr. Fuller, Irving (p.58)
10. Ibid.
11. Liverpool Weekly Post, 25 May 1889
12. Ibid.
13. Irving (p.47)
14. Arthur Sullivan, a Victorian Musician, by Arthur Jacobs, Oxford University Press, 1984 (p.246)
15. Ibid. (p.139)
16. Isle of Wight Observer, Saturday, 20 September 1913
17. Ganz was G.O. in 1871 and 1873. Sheddon (p.27)
18. Irving (p.30)
19. Ibid. (p.36)
20. This Friendless Lady, by Nigel Morland, Frederick Muller Limited, London, 1952 (p.121)
21. Irving (p.129)
22. Ibid. (p.77)
23. Ibid.
24. Closing words of Addison presenting case for the Crown, Irving (p.273)
25. Affidavit to Home Secretary Matthews from Richard Cleaver, 11 August 1889 HO: A50678D-15
26. Irving (p.98)
27. Ibid. (p.198)
28. Ibid. (p.201)
29. Macnamara was fellow and former President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, and its representative on the General Medical Council of the United Kingdom, Doctor of Medicine of the University of London, Professor of Materia Medica at the Royal College and author of a standard work on the action of medicines. Irving (p.211)
30. Irving (p.212)
31. Liverpool Review, 10 August 1889 (p.15)
32. Irving (p.216)
33. What it wasn’t, was James Maybrick’s urine
34. Irving (p.216)
35. ‘It is difficult to distinguish between the blunders of counsel or the judge … of course the quantity here was not 1/76,000 of a grain, but 76/1000; and a few lines before, it was not 1/26,000 or 1/27,000, but 26/1,000 or 27/1,000. This is one of the ways in which a case may be prejudiced by trial before a physically incompetent judge. Probably if the notes were published, they would be found to contain dozens of errors, some of them of an important character. On the only occasion that they were referred to during the trial they proved to be wrong.’ Footnote on Stephen/Russell, The Necessity for Criminal Appeal, J. H. Levy (p.205)
36. Reminiscences of a K.C., by Thomas Edward Crispe, Matthew & Co., London, 1909 (pp.102–3)
37. Sir Charles Russell’s closing speech for the defence. Irving (p.242)
38. Irving (p.98). Immediately after this disclosure, ‘The Court adjourned.’
39. Macdougall, 1896 (p.58)
40. Ibid. (pp.58–9)
41. Ibid.
42. Ibid.
43. Ibid.
44. Affidavit of Baroness von Roques to Home Secretary Henry Matthews. Stamped: Home Office Received, 15 August 1892. A50678D/92. H. Levy (pp.475–6)
45. Cleaver’s petition to the Home Office, 11 August 1889. Home Office: A50678D
46. Irving (p.325)
47. Ibid. (pp.325–6)
48. Ibid.
49. ‘Mr. John Baillie Knight, when he found what use Mr. Justice Stephen had made of his not being called, at once communicated to [Home Secretary] Mr. Matthews, all he knew about what Mrs. Maybrick did while in London, but I venture to think it would be more satisfactory to the public, and more fair to Mrs. Maybrick, that he should publicly clear up the mystery which Mr. Justice Stephen made about him …’ Macdougall, 1896 (p.21)
50. Irving (p.328)
51. Ibid. (p.332)
52. Ibid.
53. Ibid. (p.333)
54. Review of Reviews, W. T. Stead, Vol. 6, July–December 1892 (p.393)
55. Liverpool Review, 10 August 1889 (p.4)
56. ‘The carpenters were, in fact, engaged in erecting the gallows, and Mrs. Maybrick could hear them raising her own death scaffold.’ Macdougall, 1896 (pp.231–2)
57. Eched in Arsenic, by Trevor L. Christie (p.166)
58. The Umpire, Sunday, 11 August 1889
59. The Story of My Life, by Sir Edward Clarke, John Murray, London, 1923 (p.280)
60. New York Herald, 14 August 1889
61. Pall Mall Gazette, 8 August 1889
62. Review of Reviews, W. T. Stead (p.393)
63. Washington Evening Star, 13 August 1889
64. To the editor of the Manchester Courier: ‘Sir, – Referring to my letter of the 15th inst. Relating to the above case, I have, since writing the same, learnt that the suggestions made therein are not correct, and hereby beg to tender apologies to Messrs. Michael and Thomas Maybrick for causing same to be published. – Yours, etc, R. F. Muckley. Malvern, August 26, 1889.’ Manchester and Lancashire General Advertiser, Wednesday, 28 August 1889
65. New York Herald, Wednesday, 21 August 1889
66. Stamped: Home Office: A50678D.29
67. Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser, 22 August 1889
68. New York Herald, 22 August 1889 (i.e. Bro Sir Charles Russell)
69. Minute to Henry Matthews. Stamped: Home Office, 20 August 1889. No. A50678D
70. Macdougall, 1896 (p.53)
71. Dr Coats’ report to Macdougall, 1896 (p.249)
72. Mr. E. Godwin Clayton’s report, Chemical Laboratory, 43 & 44 Holborn Viaduct, London, E.C., 2 May 1890. Macdougall, 1896 (p.257)
73. Our Conservative and Unionist Statesmen, London, Newman, Graham & Co., n.d., circa 1890, Vol. 2 (p.72 et seq.)
74. Henry Matthews announcement, 22 August 1889, Irving (p.xxxvii)
75. Ibid.
76. Reminiscences of a K.C., by Thomas Edward Crispe (pp.102–3)
77. Ibid.
78. Ibid.
79. Letter from Sir Charles Russell to Sir Matthew White Ridley, 21 November 1895. HO 144/1640/A50678(D)
80. Etched in Arsenic, by Trevor Christie (p.169)
81. Ibid. (p.173)
82. Mrs. Maybrick’s Own Story (p.67)
83. Ibid. (p.75)
84. Letter to City Police, Date stamped, 22 May 1890. Police Box 321 No. 332
85. New York Times, 11 October 1891
86. The Hawk, 13 September 1892 (p.3)
87. Ibid.
88. Etched in Arsenic, Christie (p.190)
89. The Hawk, 6 December 1892
90. The Hawk, 13 December 1892
91. The Hawk, 20 December 1892 (p.11)
92. Ibid.
93. The Maybrick Case, English Criminal Law, by Dr Helen Densmore, London and New York, December 1892 (p.127)
94. Levy (p.470)
95. Liverpool Daily Post, 14 August 1889
96. Macdougall, 1891 (p.333)
97. Ibid. (pp.536–7)
98. Ibid.
99. Ibid. (p.524)
100. Macdougall, 1891 (p.221)
101. The Trial of Mrs. Maybrick, Irving (p.31)
102. New York Herald, Monday, 19 August 1889
103. Reynold’s News, Sunday, 27 March 1892
104. Isle of Wight Observer, Saturday, 20 September 1913
105. The Diary of Jack the Ripper, by Shirley Harrison, London, 1993
106. Letter from Dr Rosemary Williamson, Chief Librarian, Trinity College of Music, 22 November 2001
107. My Life, Sixty Years’ Recollections of Bohemian London, by George R. Sims, Eveleigh Nash, London, 1917 (p.149)
108. Memories of a Musician: Reminiscences of Seventy Years of Musical Life, by Wilhelm Ganz, John Murray, London, 1913 (p.102)
109. Orpheus, From Consecration to Jubilee, by Bro T. G. E. Sheddon, 1977
110. Reminiscences of My Life, by Charles Santley, Sir Isaac Pitman, London, 1909 (p.34)
111. Student and Singer: The Reminiscences of Charles Santley, Edward Arnold, London, 1892, and Reminiscences of My Life, Santley
112. Sims Reeves: Fifty Years of Music in England, by Charles E. Pearce, Stanley Paul, London, 1924
113. Piano and Gown, by Fred E. Weatherly, G. P. Putnams Sons, London & New York, 1926
114. The Arts Club and its Members, by G. A. F. Rogers, Truslove & Hanson, London, 1920 (p.99)
115. The World, 15 January 1890 (p.8)
116. Mrs. Maybrick’s Own Story (p.223)
117. Manchester Times, 25 October 1895
118. The Maybrick Case: A Statement of the Case as a Whole, by Alexander William Macdougall, Baillière, Tindall & Cox, London, 1896
119. Levy (p.19)
120. Eight Studies in Justice, by Jack Smith-Hughes, Barrister-at-Law of the Inner Temple, Castle & Co. Limited, London, 1953 (p.209)
121. Levy (p.vii)