Endnotes, Chapter 1
1. See UCF press release of July 11, 2005, by Tom Evelyn (www.wesh .com/news/14143574/detail.html?rss=orl&psp=news), stating that the Board “has not yet formally voted on whether to build the stadium.” Similarly, in a March 31, 2005, presentation to the UCF Board of Trustees by the stadium architects 360 Architecture, all permitting for the stadium was to be complete no earlier than July 2005, well after implementation of the 2004 building codes. “Code group: University of Central Florida didn’t adhere to drinking water rules,” Orlando Sentinel, September 22, 2007 (from www.water webster.com/BottledWater.htm, accessed August 10, 2008). See also Table 403.1 of the 2004 Florida Building Code, which states that stadiums (A-5 category buildings) must have one water fountain per 1000 occupants. The requirement seems to be the same in the 2001 Florida Plumbing Code, Table 403.1, chap. 4, p.4.1 (see http://www2.iccsafe.org/states/Florida2001/FL_Plumbing/FL_Plumbing.htm).
2. UCF To Install Water Fountains in New Stadium (video), www.youtube.com/watch?v=4t-44S_gebI&feature=related (accessed September 18, 2007).
3. Luis Zaragoza and Claudia Zequeira, “UCF in hot water with fans: Stadium has no drinking fountains; students thirsty for answers,” Orlando Sentinel, September 18, 2007.
4. See http://drinkingfountains.org/.
5. See borregospringsbottledwater.com/waterfaq.php (accessed September 12, 2008).
6. Dave Carpenter, “Thirsty for utter dominance, Gatorade declares war on tap water,” Denver Post, May 28, 2000.
7. See www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,91374,00.html (accessed September 19, 2008).
8. Brendan Buhler, “Convention Crashing: The International Bottled Water Association,” Las Vegas Sun, October 9, 2006.
9. Brandweek, “Aquafina Employs Kudrow to Tout ‘Nothing’ Campaign,” July 2, 2001, findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BDW/is_27_42/ai_76443142 (accessed December 10, 2009).
10. International Bottled Water Association New Release, “ABC News 20/20 is Wrong About Bottled Water,” May 7, 2005.
11. Quoted in Jonathan Fowler, “Study: Bottled Water Not Better,” Associated Press, May 2, 2001.
12. See http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/2002/402_h2o.html (accessed September 12, 2008).
13. Australasian Bottled Water Association website, http://www.bottledwater.org .au/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=ASP0003/ccms.r?PageId=5002 (accessed December 10, 2009).
14. On its website (www.cei.org/about) the CEI describes itself as “a public interest group dedicated to free enterprise and limited government,” accessed December 10, 2009.
15. Fred Smith, e-mail to author, October 21, 2007.
16. See http://enjoybottledwater.org/?p=85 (accessed September 15, 2009).
17. Jody Clarke (CEI), e-mail to author, September 17, 2008.
18. The Coca-Cola Company, “The Olive Gardens targets tap water, and wins!” from cockeyed.com/coke/html/olivegard_article_ss2.html (downloaded August 21, 2001). See also David Gallagher, “Having customers say no to tap water,” New York Times, August 21, 2001.
19. See http://www.stayfreemagazine.org/public/coke_story.html (accessed September 10, 2008). Quotation from metafilter.com, www.metafilter.com/9399/ (accessed December 10, 2009).
20. See findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BQE/is_4_17/ai_n16374556/print (accessed September 10, 2008).
21. See, for example, Brita’s full-page ad in New York magazine on January 16, 1995, entitled “We’d like to clear up a few things about tap water” (22), or the Brita ad in the October 2003 issue of Ebony magazine describing their water pitcher that “turns tap water into drinking water” (146).
22. “Canadian Advertising Success Stories 2007: Brita,” http://www.cassies.ca/winners/2007Winners/winners_brita.html (accessed December 10, 2009).
23. Advertising Standards Canada, “Ad Complaint Reports—Q3 2006,” www.adstandards.com/en/Standards/adComplaintsReports.asp?periodquarter=3 &periodyear=2006 (accessed December 10, 2009).
24. Brian Howard, “Despite the hype, bottled water is neither cleaner nor greener than tap water,” E—The Environmental Magazine, December 9, 2003, www.commondreams.org/headlines03/1209-10.htm (accessed December 10, 2009).
25. Gregory Karp, “The Morning Call: Tap water might fit your bill better than bottled,” Chicago Tribune, September 10, 2006. Also, see Kay’s quote at a.abcnews.com/WNT/Story?id=131639&page=2 (accessed March 16, 2009).
26. Written Testimony of Joseph K. Doss, President and CEO, International Bottled Water Association Before the Domestic Policy Subcommittee of the Oversight and Government Reform Committee of the United States House of Representatives. Hearing on “Assessing the Environmental Risks of the Water Bottling Industry’s Extraction of Groundwater,” Washington, D.C., December 12, 2007.
Endnotes, Chapter 2
1. Burn On. Words and music by RANDY NEWMAN © 1970 (renewed) UNICHAPPELL MUSIC INC. All rights reserved. Used by permission of ALFRED PUBLISHING CO., INC.
2. CNNMoney.com, “Crisp. Refreshing. And only ever-so-slightly poisonous…,” money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/biz2/0701/gallery.101dumbest_2007/20.html (accessed December 11, 2009).
3. See http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Aquaeductus.html.
4. Stephanie Pope, “The Muse, Part 2: The Fountain of Youth,” www.myth opoetry.com/mythopoetics/essay_muse_two.html (accessed December 11, 2009).
5. Charles Dickens Jr., “Drinking Fountains,” Dickens’s Dictionary of London (London: Charles Dickens and Evans, 1879).
6. Detroit Water and Sewage Department, “The First 300 Years,” http://www.dwsd.org/history/complete_history.pdf (accessed May 25, 2009).
7. New York Times, “P. T. Barnum’s gift to Bethel,” August 26, 1881.
8. “Bradford’s and Winslow’s Journal,” originally printed in London, 1622. Reprinted in A Library of American Literature, vol. 1, compiled and edited by E. C. Stedman and E. M. Hutchinson (New York: Charles L. Webster and Company, 1889).
9. John Burnett, Liquid Pleasures: A Social History of Drinks in Modern Britain (London: Routledge, 1999).
10. Bruce Haley, The Healthy Body and Victorian Culture (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978).
11. Charles E. Rosenberg, The Cholera Years: The United States in 1832, 1849, and 1866 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987).
12. David Cutler and Grant Miller, “The Role of Public Health Improvements in Health Advances: The Twentieth-Century United States,” Demography 42, no. 1 (February 2005): 1-22.
13. The Act does not apply to private wells serving fewer than 25 people. EPA estimates that these wells serve around 10 percent of the U.S. population. Some states set standards for these wells directly.
14. The Daily Mail (London), “Revealed: 250,000 people left without clean drinking water after a rabbit infected supply,” July 15, 2008, http://www.mailon sunday.co.uk/news/article-1035252/Revealed-250-000-people-left-clean-drinking-water-RABBIT-infected-supply.html (accessed December 11, 2009).
Endnotes, Chapter 3
1. IBWA website, updated May 27, 2004, http://www.bottledwater.org/public/BWFactsHome_main.htm (accessed August 2008).
2. Corporate Accountability International, “Think Outside the Bottle” Campaign, http://www.stopcorporateabuse.org/cms/page1544.cfm (accessed May 2, 2009).
3. Massachusetts Legislature, “An Act against selling unwholesome Provisions,” passed March 8, 1785. (Illustration from John P. Swann, “FDA’s Origin,” http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/WhatWeDo/History/Origin/ucm124403.htm [accessed December 11, 2009].)
4. United States Code of Federal Regulations, 21 CFR Part 110.
5. Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response (Bio-terrorism) Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-188, 116 Stat. 605 (2002).
6. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act § 410, 21 U.S.C. § 349 (2005).
7. Speech to the Beverage Forum in New York, May 21, 2008, www.beveagemarketing.com/BeverageForum2008_KimJeffery.html (accessed October 2008).
8. Corporate Accountability International website, http://www.stopcorporateabuse.org/content/bottled-water-industry-threatening-human-right-water (accessed March 15, 2009).
9. See recipes.howstuffworks.com/bottled-water.htm/printable (accessed October 20, 2008).
10. Environmental Protection Agency, 1989 Total Coliform Rule, http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw000/disinfection/tcr/regulation.html (accessed December 11, 2009). See also: “Total Coliform Rule Overview: Total Coliform Rule/ Distribution System Rule Webcast,” January 17, 2007, http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw000/disinfection/tcr/pdfs/trainingmaterials/training_tcr_01172007_tcro verview.pdf (accessed December 11, 2009).
11. Federal Register, May 29, 2009, http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2009/E912494.htm (accessed May 29, 2009).
12. Department of Health and Human Services, FDA Proposed Rules Docket No. FDA-2008-N-0446 for 21 CFR Parts 129 and 165, http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2008/pdf/E8-21619.pdf.
13. Coliform at EU standards:
1.3. Criteria for microbiological analyses at source. These analyses must include—
1.3.1. demonstration of the absence of parasites and pathogenic microorganisms;
1.3.2. quantitative determination of the revivable colony count indicative of faecal contamination—
(a) the absence of Escherichia coli and other coliforms in 250 millilitres at 37°C and 44.5°C;
(b) the absence of faecal streptococci in 250 millilitre. (From the EU website, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriSerrv/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:164:0045:0058:EN:PDF [accessed December 11, 2009].)
14. Quotation from testimony by Joshua M. Sharfstein, Principal Deputy Commissioner and Acting Commissioner, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before the Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, United States House of Representatives, July 08, 2009, http://www.hhs.gov/asl/testify/2009/07/t20090708a.html (accessed December 12, 2009).
15. See FDA Regulations on Quality Compliance, 21CFR129.80 (g)(1), Section 165.110(b). Also, see Lauren Posnick and Henry Kim, “Bottled Water Regulation and the FDA,” in Food and Safety Magazine, August/September 2002, reproduced in http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/FoodSafety/Product-Specific-Information/BottledWaterCarbonatedSoftDrinks/ucm077094.pdf(accessed December 12, 2009).
16. Michigan’s Drinking Water, http://www.gem.msu.edu/gw/btl_wtr.html (accessed October 20, 2008).
17. United States Code of Federal Regulations, 21 CFR 129.35.
18. United States Code of Federal Regulations, 21 CFR 129.3.
19. United States Code of Federal Regulations, 21 CFR 165.110(c).
20. U.S. Government Accountability Office, “U.S. Needs a Single Agency to Administer a Unified, Risk-Based Inspection System,” GAO/T-RCED-99-256 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1999).
21. U.S. Government Accountability Office, “Bottled Water: FDA Safety and Consumer Protections Are Often Less Stringent Than Comparable EPA Protections for Tap Water,” GAO-09-610 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, June 2009).
22. “Lawmakers pledge to move on FDA reform in the next Congress,” pharmtech.findpharma.com/pharmtech/Manufacturing/Lawmakers-Pledge-to-Move-on-FDA-Reform-in-the-ext/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/569452?contextCategoryId=35097 (accessed December 4, 2008).
23. President Barack Obama, Weekly Address, March 14, 2009, http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/09/03/14/Food-Safety (accessed December 11, 2009).
24. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, “FDA Recall Policies,” Industry Affairs Staff Brochure, June 2002, http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~lrd/recall2.html (accessed May 1, 2008).
25. A comprehensive summary, with dates, names, locations, and types of contamination, is now posted on the website of the Pacific Institute (www.pacinst.org).
26. Quoted in Michael D. White, A Short Course in International Marketing Blunders (Novato, CA: World Trade Press, 2002), 18.
27. Ibid., 21.
28. George James, “Perrier Recalls Its Water in U.S. After Benzene Is Found in Bottles,” New York Times, February 10, 1990, query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9C0CE7D61F39F933A25751C0A966958260 (accessed December 11, 2009).
29. RTE News, “E. coli found in Bottled water: FSA,” November 17, 2008, http://www.rte.ie/news/2008/1117/water.html (accessed November 30, 2008). See also Shane Phelan, “Bottled water scare as dangerous germs found,” Irish Independent, November 17, 2007, http://www.independent.ie/national-news/bottled-water-scare-as-dangerous-germs-found-1541957.html (accessed November 30, 2008).
30. Shane Phelan, “Watchdog lashed in water row,” Irish Independent, December 5, 2008, http://www.independent.ie/national-news/watchdog-lashed-in-water-row1564572.html (accessed December 24, 2008).
31. Megan Rauscher, “‘High Levels’ of Bacteria Found in Bottled Water,” Reuters, March 11, 2004, www.purebev.com/in_the_news.php (accessed December 12, 2009).
32. Daily Times (of Pakistan), March 9, 2003, www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_9-3-2003_pg5_2 (accessed December 12, 2009).
33. Rajeev Syal, “Test targets cheats who sell tap water by the bottle,” Times (London), January 20, 2007, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article1294654.ece (accessed December 12, 2009).
34. Thanh Nien News, “Paraffin in water poisoned school children,” May 16, 2006, www.thanhniennews.com/healthy/?catid=8&newsid=15510 (accessed December 12, 2009).
35. Raymund F. Antonio. “Manila warns on bottled water,” Manila Bulletin Online, October 7, 2006, www.mb.com.ph/node/95895 (accessed December 12, 2009).
Endnotes, Chapter 4
1. Brian Clark Howard, “Message in a Bottle: Despite the Hype, Bottled Water Is Neither Cleaner nor Greener Than Tap Water,” E—The Environmental Magazine, September/October 2003, www.emagazine.com/view/?1125 (accessed July 22, 2008).
2. Sherri Day, “Suit Disputes Integrity of Poland Spring Water,” New York Times, June 20, 2003, www.nytimes.com/2003/06/20/business/suit-disputes-integrity-of-poland-spring-water.html (accessed September 9, 2009).
3. Ibid.
4. Anthony Brooks, “Poland Spring Settles Class-Action Lawsuit,” National Public Radio, September 3, 2003, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1419713 (accessed November 12, 2009).
5. United States Code of Federal Regulations, 21 CFR § 165.110 (a).
6. United States Code, 21 USC § 343(g)(1).
7. Directive 96/70/EC of the European Parliament relating to the exploitation and marketing of natural mineral waters, 1996 and amendments, http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31996L0070:EN:HTML (accessed December 12, 2009). Part 3, 11(2) requires “spring” waters to satisfy all labeling requirements of Part 2, Section 8(3) for mineral waters.
8. Jason Blevins, “Nestlé plan sets off water war,” The Denver Post, March 23, 2009, www.denverpost.com/news/ci_11974140 (accessed December 12, 2009).
9. Vinnee Tong, “Aquafina Labels: It’s Tap Water,” Associated Press, July 27, 2007; see, for example, www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/article772319.ece (accessed December 12, 2009).
10. Brian Clark Howard, “Message in a Bottle: Despite the Hype, Bottled Water Is Neither Cleaner nor Greener Than Tap Water,” E—The Environmental Magazine, September/October 2003, www.emagazine.com/view/?1125 (accessed July 22, 2008).
11. “Understanding Dasani,” www.dasani.com (accessed before June 2003); see also web.archive.org/web/20010124012800/http://dasani.com/.
12. U.S. Government Accountability Office, “Bottled Water: FDA Safety and Consumer Protections Are Often Less Stringent Than Comparable EPA Protections for Tap Water,” GAO-09-610 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, June 2009).
13. “Vended Water,” California Senate Bill S220, http://info.sen.ca.gov/pub/07-0 8/bill/sen/sb_0201-0250/sb_220_bill_20071013_chaptered.pdf (accessed December 11, 2009).
14. “Around the Water Cooler: California follow-up: SB 220 and labeling,” Water Technology Magazine 30, no. 6 (June 2007), www.waternet.com/article.asp?IndexID=6636763 (accessed December 9, 2008).
15. According to former FDA official Fred Degnan, now on the bottlers’ side: “There is no room on the label of a bottled water product for a complete and clear explanation of the significance or insignificance to consumers’ health of the presence of contaminants in the product.” See Frank Greve, “American’s thirst for bottled water growing from the tap, it’s safe and costs pennies,” Philadelphia Newspapers Inc., May 11, 1998, http://archives.foodsafety.ksu.edu/fsnet/ 1998/5-1998/fs-05-12-98-01.txt (accessed September 22, 2009). See also National Soft Drink Association, Comments on FDA Docket No. 97N-0436 (“given the limited amount of available label space…”), April 24, 2000, http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/00/apr00/042600/c000064.pdf (accessed December 12, 2009).
16. Natalie Zmuda, “Why Bottled Water Is Not All Washed Up,” Advertising Age, December 8, 2008, adage.com/cmostrategy/article?article_id=132992 (accessed February 19, 2008).
Endnotes, Chapter 5
1. Robert Glennon, Water Follies (Washington DC: Island Press, 2002), 30.
2. K. N. Eshleman, “Bottled Water Production in the United States: How Much Ground Water Is Actually Being Used?” Study Summary, Drinking Water Research Foundation, August 2004, http://www.dwrf.info/documents/DWRFStudySummary-BWProductionandGroundwaterWithdrawalsv5_000.doc (accessed September 9, 2006).
3. International Bottled Water Association, “IBWA Challenges Peter Gleick,” 2005 Press Release, http://www.bottledwater.org/public/2004_Releases/IBWA_Challenges_Peter_Gleick_Statements.html (accessed June 19, 2005).
4. Australasian Bottled Water Institute website, http://www.bottledwater.org.au/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=ASP0003/ccms.r?Roxy=0x0003176d&PageId=5002 (accessed May 25, 2009).
5. Letter from Absopure Corporation in opposition to Michigan Laws HB 4343 and HB 5065-73, December 2007, http://house.michigan.gov/SessionDocs/2007-2008/Testimony/Committee10-12-4-2007-2.pdf (accessed September 29, 2009).
6. New Hampshire Program of the American Friends Service Committee, Amicus Curiae Brief, N.H. Supreme Court No. 2004-0601, June 21, 2005, http://www.afsc.org/newhampshire/ht/a/GetDocumentAction/1/17849 (accessed December 12, 2009).
7. Thomas Ropp, “Firm told to stop tapping Seven Springs for bottled water,” Arizona Republic, October 6, 2006; also “Water bottler feeling pressure: County demands business stop operation or face suit,” The Arizona Republic, Oct. 7, 2006.
8. Michigan Citizens for Water Conservation v. Nestlé Waters North America, Inc., 709 N.W. 2d 174, pp. 194-98 (Mich. Ct. App. 2005), http://www.olemiss.edu/orgs/SGLC/National/SandBar/5.1bottled.htm (accessed December 12, 2009).
9. Department of Health and Human Services, FDA Proposed Rules Docket No. FDA-2008-N-0446 for 21 CFR Parts 129 and 165, http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2008/pdf/E8-21619.pdf (accessed December 12, 2009).
10. Federal Register, May 29, 2009, http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2009/E9-12494.htm (accessed May 29, 2009).
11. Drinking Water Inspectorate, United Kingdom Department of the Environment, Transport, and Regions, “Cryptosporidium in Water Supplies,” 2001, http://www.dwi.gov.uk/pubs/bouchier/bou004.htm (accessedJanuary 2, 2009).
12. M. A. Di Benedetto, F. Di Piazza, C. M. Maida, A. Firenze, and R. Oliveri, “Occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in wastewater, surface water and ground water samples in Palermo (Sicily)” [Article in Italian], Annali di igiene: medicina preventiva e di comunità 17, no. 5 (September/October 2005):367-75, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=16353674&dopt=Abstract (accessed December 12, 2009).
13. R. de Carvalho Gamba, E. M. Prioli Ciapina, R. S. Espíndola, A. Pacheco, and V. H. Pellizari, “Detection of Cryptosporidium sp. Oocysts in Groundwater for Human Consumption in Itaquaquecetuba City, S. Paulo, Brazil,” Brazil Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 2 (April/June 2000).
14. C. M. Hancock, J. B. Rose, and M. Callahan, “Crypto and Giardia in U.S. groundwater,” Journal of the American Water Works Association 90, no. 3 (1998): 58-61.
15. C. Moulton-Hancock, J. B. Rose, G. J. Vasconcelos, S. I. Harris, P. T. Klonicki, and G. D. Sturbaum, “Giardia and Cryptosporidium occurrence in groundwater,” Journal of the American Water Works Association 92, no. 9 (2000): 117-23.
Endnotes, Chapter 6
1. Brendan Buhler, “Convention Crashing: The International Bottled Water Association,” Las Vegas Sun, October 9, 2006.
2. Chirag Trivedi, “People urged to ask for tap water,” BBC News, February 19, 2008, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/7252385.stm (accessed December 12, 2009).
3. Saxon East, October 9, 2006, www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/misc/print.php?artid=955599.
4. J. J. Moorman, Mineral Springs of North America: How to Reach, and How to Use Them (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott and Company, 1873).
5. J. K. Crook, The Mineral Waters of the United States and Their Therapeutic Uses (New York and Philadelphia: Lea Bros. & Co., 1899).
6. Juyun Lim and Harry T. Lawless, “Qualitative Differences of Divalent Salts: Multidimensional Scaling and Cluster Analysis,” Chemical Senses 30, no. 9 (2005): 719-26.
7. Julie Arkell, “The World’s First Water Sommelier,” August 23, 2002, www.jancisrobinson.com/articles/jr846 (accessed December 12, 2009).
8. “Un cours d’eau pas comme les autres,” http://www.labullebadoit.fr/ (accessed December 12, 2009).
9. Charles Bremner, “Paris Water Wars,” Times (London), January 19, 2007, timescorrespondents.typepad.com/charles_bremner/2007/01/french_advertis.html#more (accessed December 12, 2009).
10. Tim Elliott, “A stiff drink. Virginality, minerality or gullibility? Why we spend $400 million a year on bottled water,” Sydney Morning Herald, February 20, 2007, http://www.container-recycling.org/media/newsarticles/plastic/2007/2-20-Australia-AStiffDrink.htm (accessed December 12, 2009).
11. Decanter.com, Lucy Shaw, “Claridge’s to sell water at £50 per litre,” October 15, 2007, www.decanter.com/news/149578.html (accessed December 12, 2009).
Endnotes, Chapter 7
1. King James Version.
2. Paula Hook and Joe Heimlich, “A History of Packaging,” Ohio State University Fact Sheet CDFS-133, Columbus, OH, http://ohioline.osu.edu/cd-fact/0133.html (accessed December 12, 2009).
3. “Water, water everywhere,” Container Recycling Institute report, 2007, http://www.container-recycling.org/assets/pdfs/reports/2007-waterwater.pdf (accessed December 12, 2009).
4. Personal communication from Benjamin Morse at Platts.com, December 16, 2008.
5. P. H. Gleick and H. Cooley, “Energy Implications of Bottled Water,” Environmental Research Letters 4, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/4/1/014009 (2009), http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1748-9326/4/1/014009/erl9_1_014009.pdf?request-id=c9869bfa-8642-463a-b930-afeifoe83cac (accessed November 2, 2009).
6. Steve Pardo, “Bottled water backlash: Cities, critics knock the high cost, waste,” Detroit News, July 15, 2008.
7. Mike Schedler, “A PET Bottle recycling status report,” Resource Recycling, February 2006, 2-4.
8. British Broadcasting Corporation, “Recycling around the world,” television program, June 25, 2005, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4620041.stm (accessed December 12, 2009); see also “Plastics recovery reaches 50 percent in Europe by 2006,” www.plastemart.com/upload/Literature/Plastics-recovery-reaches-50percent-in-Europe.asp (accessed December 12, 2009).
9. Kalyan Moitra, “Recycle Onus on PET Producers, Says PCB,” Economic Times of India, June 27, 2003.
10. National Association for PET Container Resources (NAPCOR), 2004 Report on Post-Consumer PET Container Recycling Activity, Final Report, Sonoma, CA, www.napcor.com/PET/pet_reports.html (accessed December 12, 2009).
11. Coca-Cola Company, “Coca-Cola and National Recycling Coalition Launch Recycle Bin Grant Program,” press release, September 26, 2007.
12. See, for example, this archived page on the Coca-Cola company website from February 2007: http://web.archive.org/web/20070205185315/www.thecocacola company.com/contactus/faq/environment.html (accessed December 12, 2009).
13. Environmental Leader: Energy and Environmental News for Business (website), “2nd UK Beverage Maker Claims 1st to Use 100% Recycled Plastic Bottle,” September 27, 2007, www.environmentalleader.com/2007/09/27/2nd-uk-beverage-maker-claims-ist-to-use-100-recycled-plastic-bottle/ (accessed December 10, 2009).
14. Kenneth Marsh and Betty Bugusu, “Food packaging—Roles, materials, and environmental issues,” Journal of Food Science 72, no. 3 (2007).
15. See Elizabeth Royte, “Corn plastic to the rescue,” Smithsonian Magazine, August, 2000, www.smithsonianmagazine.com/issues/2006/august/pla.php (accessed December 12, 2009).
16. Institute for Local Self-Reliance, “Recycling Coalition Calls for Moratorium on PLA Bottles,” press release, October 20, 2006, http://www.ilsr.org/columns/2006/102006.html (accessed December 12, 2009).
17. Primo Water Company, “Primo Launches More Environmentally Friendly Bottled Water in Time for Earth Day 2008,” press release, April 7, 2008, www.primowater.com/news_pr_20080407_01.php (accessed December 12, 2009).
18. PLA World Congress, Congress brochure, 2008, www.pla-world-congress.com/brochure.pdf (accessed December 12, 2009).
19. Carleton University, Minutes of Joint Health and Safety Committee Meeting #142, January 25, 2006, Agenda Item 05-21 Drinking Water Fountains, http://www.carleton.ca/ehs/ehsjhsc/minutes/minutes142-25jan06.pdf (accessed December 12, 2009).
20. Allison Cross, “NDP accuses UBC of encouraging students to drink bottled water,” Vancouver Sun, June 25, 2008, www2.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=a5716191-5310-4588-9553-aa9387f9f919&k=93127 (accessed December 12, 2009).
21. Bottled Water Alliance, “Australia: Oh Bubbler, Where Art Thou?” Press release, January 16, 2009, www.bottledwateralliance.com.au/en/News%20and%20media/~/media/Files/BWA/Bubbler%20Project%20Release%2016-1-09.ashx (accessed December 12, 2009).
22. A. Ferguson, “The Mess on the Mall: Confusion reigns supreme on America’s promenade,” The Weekly Standard, August 15, 2005, www.weekly standard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/005/933yvhhs.asp (accessed October 22, 2009).
23. New Yorkers for Parks, “The Report Card on Parks 2007: An Independent Assessment of New York’s Neighborhood Parks,” 14, http://www.ny4p.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=132 (accessed December 12, 2009).
Endnotes, Chapter 8
1. John Benson, “Pseudo Scientific Arguments in Advertising,” Advertising and Selling 8 (February 23, 1927): 85. See n. 11
2. Dan Hurley, “Natural Causes: Death, Lies, and Politics in America’s Vitamin and Herbal Supplement Industry,” Business Week, January 8, 2007, www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/07_02/b4016109.htm?chan=search (accessed December 12, 2009).
3. For example, certain fatty acids found in some species of snakes contain eico-sapentaenoic acid, which has anti-inflammatory properties. See R. A. Kunin, “Snake oil,” Western Journal of Medicine 151, no. 2 (August 1989): 208, http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1026931&blobtype=pdf (accessed September 23, 2008).
4. As described by James Harvey Young in The Medical Messiahs: A Social History of Healthy Quackery in Twentieth-Century America (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1967), 322-23. The first law giving authority of the Postal Service to issue fraud orders was 17 Stat. 322-323 (June 18, 1872).
5. In 1901, the Annual Report of the postmaster general (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office) refers to “quack medicines.” (Report of the Postmaster General, 1901, 36).
6. 34 Stat. 768, Ch. 3914 Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906.
7. New York Times editorial, “Guaranteed,” July 2, 1906, 6.
8. United States Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906 (34 Stat. 768), Section 8 as amended by the Act of August 23, 1912, c. 352, 37 Stat. 416.
9. Young, The Medical Messiahs, 115.
10. Ibid., 116, citing Roland Cole, “Standard Remedies,” Printers Ink 122, no. 1 (February 1915): 27.
11. John Benson, “Pseudo Scientific Arguments in Advertising,” Advertising and Selling 8 (Feb 23, 1927): 85. (Cited in Young, The Medical Messiahs, 146).
12. Young, The Medical Messiahs, 117.
13. William E. Humphrey, “Publishers and False Advertising,” speech before the National Petroleum Association, September 17, 1926, FTC Speech File, cited by Young, The Medical Messiahs, 118.
14. H. A. Batten, “An Advertising Man Looks at Advertising,” Atlantic Monthly, July 1932, 53.
15. P. Z. Myers, “Kabbalah Water? Pseudoscientific Hokum,” Pharyngula, July 6, 2005, http://pharyngula.org/index/weblog/comments/kabbalah_water_pseudoscientific_hokum/ (accessed May 23, 2009).
16. Hado Water, http://www.hado-energie.nl/hado_water.php (accessed December 12, 2009).
17. Tools for Wellness, “Millennium Oxygen Water Cooler,” www.toolsfor wellness.com/33801.html (accessed January 22, 2009).
18. Applied Ozone Systems, “Oxygen Deficiency Disease,” www.appliedozone.com/oxygen_deficiency_disease.html (accessed January 24, 2009).
19. R. A. Berner, “Atmospheric oxygen over Phanerozoic time,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96, no. 20 (1999): 10955-957, www.pnas.org/content/96/20/10955.full. See also, C. Clairborne Ray, “Breathing Room,” New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/04/science/04qna.html (accessed December 12, 2009).
20. O2 Canada, “Superoxygenated Spring Water,” http://www.ocanadawater.com/oxygenatedwater.html (accessed March 17, 2009).
21. See, for example, Nancy Willmert, John P. Porcari, Carl Foster, Scott Dober-stein, and Glenn Brice, “The Effects of Oxygenated Water on Exercise Physiology during Incremental Exercise and Recovery,” Journal of Exercise Physiology online 5, no. 4 (Nov 2002), http://faculty.css.edu/tboone2/asep/Porcari.pdf (accessed March 17, 2009); and C. A. Piantadosi, “Oxygenated water and athletic performance: Ergogenic claims for oxygenated water cannot be taken seriously,” British Journal of Sports Medicine 40 (July 2006): 740-41.
22. N. B. Hampson, N. W. Pollock, and C. A. Piantadosi, “Oxygenated water and athletic performance,” JAMA 290 (2003): 2408-09, http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/290/18/2408-b (accessed March 17, 2009).
23. Georgia Institute of Technology, “Oxygenated water: Fad and fiction in one expensive burp,” http://web.archive.org/web/20030816133251/www.gatech.edu/news-room/archive/news_releases/sports-august2001.html (accessed March 17, 2009).
24. “FTC Charges Marketer of ‘Vitamin O’ with Making False Health Claims,” FTC File No. 992 3107, Civil Action No. CS-99-0063-EFS, 15 March 1999, http://www.ftc.gov/opa/1999/03/rosecreek.shtm (accessed March 17, 2009).
25. Federal Trade Commission v. Rose Creek Health Products Inc., The Staff of Life Inc., and Donald L. Smyth. Complaint for Permanent Injunction and Other Equitable Relief, March 15, 1999, http://www.ftc.gov/os/1999/03/rosecreekcmp.htm (accessed December 7, 2008).
26. See http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2000/05/rosecreek2.shtm.
27. High Power Supplements, “Vitamin O,” http://www.highpowersupplements.com/VitaminO.html?source=adwords (accessed November 9, 2007).
28. Shopwiki.com, “Rose Creek Vitamin ‘O’ Stabilized Oxygen,” http://www.shopwiki.com/detail/d=Rose_Creek_Vitamin_%22O%22_Stabilized_Oxygen_4_oz/jumpToFirst=t/ (accessed January 22, 2009); see also the Yahoo! shopping sites under “Nutrition, Vitamins, and Supplements,” Yahoo.com, http://shopping.yahoo.com/s:Nutrition,%20Vitamins%20&%20Supplements:4168-Brand= Rose%20Creek (accessed January 22, 2009).
29. Richard L. Cleland, Walter C. Gross, Laura D. Koss, Matthew Daynard, and Karen M. Muoio, “Weight-Loss Advertising: An Analysis of Current Trends,” Federal Trade Commission, 2002, http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/reports/weightloss.pdf (accessed December 12, 2009).
30. For a listing of Federal Trade Commission Advertising Cases Involving Weight-Loss Products and Services, 1927-May 2003, see http://www.dietscam.org/reg/ftclist.shtml (accessed December 12, 2009).
31. Dieta Formas, http://www.agualuso.pt/index.html?2 (accessed December 7, 2008).
32. eVamor, “About the eVamor product,” http://www.evamor.com/about-the-product/about-the-product.php (accessed December 7, 2008).
33. Jana Skinny Water, Creative Enterprises Inc., 2005, http://web.archive.org/web/20050923220949/http://www.skinnywater.com/ (accessed December 12, 2009).
34. Healthy Weight Network, http://www.healthyweight.net/jraudi.html (accessed May 22, 2009).
35. Hilary E. MacGregor, “Health conscious embrace trendy water,” Los Angeles Times, January 26, 2006, http://www.azcentral.com/health/wellness/articles/0126water.html (accessed December 12, 2009).
36. Max H. Pittler and Edzard Ernst, “Dietary supplements for body-weight reduction: a systematic review,” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79, no. 4 (2004): 529-36.
37. J. L. van de Haar, P. Y. Wielinga, A. J. W. Scheurink, and A. G. Nieuwen-huizen, “Comparison of the effects of three different (-)-hydroxycitric acid preparations on food intake in rats,” Nutrition & Metabolism 2 (2005): 23, doi:10.1186/1743-7075-2-23, http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1743-7075-2-23.pdf (accessed December 7, 2008); see also “Garcinia Cambogia: A Natural Weight Loss Supplement Ingredient,” http://www.articlesbase.com/weight-loss-articles/garcinia-cambogia-a-natural-weight-loss-supplement-ingredient-360968.html (accessed December 12, 2009).
38. Jon Swaine, “Weight loss water criticised by food watchdog,” The Telegraph, August 11, 2008, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2538530/Weight-loss-water-criticised-by-food-watchdog.html (accessed December 7, 2008).
39. See, for example, such claims listed in http://www.articlesbase.com/coffee-articles/the-difference-between-skinny-water-and-other-fitness-drinks-735145.html (accessed December 13, 2009).
40. Aquatechnology.net, “A Review of Masaru Emoto’s Functional Water Writings,” http://www.aquatechnology.net/emoto.html (accessed 5 October 2008). See also Dr. Emoto’s actual book, http://hado-energie.nl/TruthofHado.pdf (downloaded January 25, 2009).
41. Stace Sharp, “Miraculous Messages from Water,” http://www.wellnessgoods.com/messages.asp (accessed January 26, 2009).
42. Masaru Emoto, “Truth of Hado,” published by PHP Kenkyuujyo, 1994, http://hado-energie.nl/TruthofHado.pdf (accessed October 5, 2008).
43. Quoted in Gustav von Bunge Lehrbuch der Physiologie des Menschen, 2nd ed. (Leipzig, Germany: Verlag von F. C. W. Vogel), 1901. Digitized November 28, 2007, http://books.google.com/books?id=jfgRAAAAYAAJ (accessed September 29, 2009).
44. Hado Water, “Dr. Emoto’s Hexagonal Water,” http://www.hado.net/indigowater/indigo_water.php (accessed December 12, 2009).
45. Royal Spring Water Inc., “World’s First Commercial Agronifier Machine used to Transform Water into Structured Water, has been Installed, Tested and is Fully Operational at the Royal Spring Water Inc. Bottling Plant in Hereford, TX,” press release, February 16, 2007, http://www.royalspringswater.com/pdf/Press%20Release%2002-16-2007.pdf (accessed February 28, 2007).
46. H2Om: Water with Intention, “Our Infusion Process,” http://www.h2omwater.com/infusionprocess.html (accessed October 3, 2008).
47. Ibid.
48. Paul Adams, “Lamest Value-Added Products,” Wired Magazine, May 9, 2007, http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/multimedia/2007/05/gallery_valueadding?slide=i&slideView=3 (accessed December 12, 2009).
49. Aquamanta company, “Aquamantra—Bottled Water Infused with Luck Gives Oscar Nominees the Edge,” press release, February 21, 2007, from PRWeb Press Release Newswire, http://aquamantra.com/vg_images/news/AM_Oscars_2007.pdf (downloaded December 12, 2009).
50. Aquamantra, “What is Aquamantra?” http://aquamantra.com/site.php/spgs/read/what_is_aquamantra (accessed October 3, 2008).
51. Aquamantra, “How is our water created?” http://aquamantra.com/site.php/spgs/read/taste_the_difference (accessed October 3, 2008).
52. Keith J. Petrie and Simon Wessely, “Getting Well from Water,” BMJ 329, nos. 18-25 (December 2004): 1417-418, http://www.fmhs.auckland.ac.nz/som/psychmed/petrie/_docs/2005_getting_well_from_water.pdf (downloaded December 13, 2009).
53. Dana Coffield, “Experts help wade through bottled-water choices,” Denver Post, June 14, 2005.
54. Dan Quattrone, “Doing Things With Words: Metaphysics (The Bad Kind),” blog, June 5, 2005, http://dtww.blogspot.com/2005/06/metaphysics-bad-kind.html (accessed December 13, 2009).
55. Zunami, “H2O clusters,” http://www.clusteredwateronline.com/H2OClusters.html (accessed October 3, 2008).
56. Tim Elliott, “A Stiff Drink: Virginality, Minerality, or Gullibility,” February 20, 2007, http://www.container-recycling.org/media/newsarticles/plastic/2007/2-20-Australia-AStiffDrink.htm (accessed December 13, 2009).
57. Bottled Water Web, “Penta Water,” http://www.bottledwaterweb.com/bottlersdetail.do?k=64 (accessed May 25, 2009).
58. Penta Water, “Hydrate for Life,” May 29, 2001, available at http://web.archive.org/web/20010625094505/www.hydrateforlife.com/what.shtml (accessed October 23, 2009).
59. Penta Water, “Research and Studies,” available at http://web.archive.org/web/20021207223427/pentawater.com/research.shtml; see also: “Penta Water: Hydrate Your Life,” http://web.archive.org/web/20021201031512/http://penta water.com/.
60. Penta Water, “Penta Water: Taste and Feel the Difference,” http://web.archive .org/web/20030523084442/ http://pentawater.com/.
61. James Randi, “A Classic Case of Challenge, Acceptance, Stalling, Misrepresentation, and a Final Retreat: The Penta Water Case,” http://www.randi.org/jr/08-24-01.html (accessed May 22, 2009).
62. James Randi, “A Classic Case of Challenge, Acceptance, Stalling, Misrepresentation, and a Final Retreat: The Penta Water Case,” Penta Part 1 and 2, http://www.randi.org/jr/08-24-01.html and http://www.randi.org/jr/08-31-01.html (accessed December 13, 2009).
63. For a summary of the exchanges between Randi and Holloway, see http://www.randi.org/jr/08-24-01.html and http://www.randi.org/jr/08-31-01.html (accessed December 13, 2009).
64. Advertising Standards Authority, “Against Penta UK,” ASA British Penta Water Adjudication, http://www.asa.org.uk/asa/adjudications/non_broadcast/Adjudication+Details.htm?Adjudication_id=39409 (accessed December 13, 2009).
65. Bottled Water Web, “Penta Water,” http://www.bottledwaterweb.com/bottlersdetail.do?k=64 (accessed November 8, 2007).
66. Penta Water, “Research and Studies,” http://www.pentawater.com/research.shtml#physical (accessed February 12, 2008), now available at http://web.archive.org/web/20080212130932/ http://www.pentawater.com/research.shtml.
67. Penta Water, “What is Penta,” http://www.pentawater.com/_pw/pentafacts.php?sub=i&item=4 (accessed March 6, 2009).
Endnotes, Chapter 9
1. Newsletter of the Fifth Episcopal District Women’s Missionary Society of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, http://www.nccecojustice.org/downloads/Ecological_Justice_Special_Edition.pdf (accessed January 25, 2008).
2. The Kabbalah Centre International, “What is Kabbalah?” http://www.kabbalah.com/01.php (accessed January 25, 2009).
3. Olivia Barker, “Madonna has faith on a string,” USA Today, May 25, 2004, http://www.usatoday.com/life/lifestyle/2004-05-25-kabbalah-main_x.htm (accessed December 12, 2009).
4. Ibid.
5. San Francisco Chronicle, “The Daily Dish: Madonna tour fueled by Kabbalah water,” May 25, 2006, http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/sfgate/detail?blogid=7&entry_id=5513 (accessed December 12, 2009).
6. The Kabbalah Centre International, “Kabbalah Water,” http://www.kabbalahwater.com (accessed October 5, 2008).
7. Stace Sharp, “Miraculous Messages from Water: How Water Reflects Our Consciousness,” http://www.wellnessgoods.com/messages.asp (accessed October 5, 2008).
8. Ben Wasserstein, “Department of Labor,” In Touch and Slate, August 19, 2005, http://www.slate.com/id/2124696/.
9. Reporting by Jennifer Wulff, Michael Fleeman, Lycia Naff, Alison Singh Gee, and Nicholas White in Los Angeles, Samantha McIntyre in New York City, People Magazine, October 3, 2005.
10. Art Levine, “The Accidental Kabbalist,” City Link Magazine, January 24, 2001, http://www.rickross.com/reference/kabbalah/kabbalah26.html (accessed May 22, 2009); see also Richard Batholomew, “Mystic Water and Katherine Harris,” Bartholomew’s Notes on Religion (website), July 5, 2005, http://barthsnotes.wordpress.com/2005/07/07/mystic-water-and-katherine-harris/ (accessed May 22, 2009).
11. Jim Stratton, “‘Celestial Drops’ no cure for canker; Florida researched the use of water, possibly mystically blessed, to cure the disease,” Orlando Sentinel, July 5, 2005, http://www.orlandosentinel.com/business/orl-aseccanker05070505jul05,0,3793083.story?page=i&coll=orl-home-headlines (accessed May 22, 2009).
12. The Safe Drinking Water Trust, “Can Water Systems Compete with Heaven?” January 10, 2007, http://www.watertrust.org/news_article.asp?nID=67; see also Cheryl Winkelman, Inside Bay Area,www.insidebayarea.com/argus/localnews/ci_4970271.
13. Holy Spring Water website, http://www.holywater.biz/main.html (accessed December 12, 2009).
14. Liquid Salvation, http://www.liquidsalvation.com (accessed August 10, 2008).
15. Rebecca U. Cho, “Groups hope to make bottled water a moral issue,” Religion New Service, December 19, 2006, http://www.faithinpubliclife.org/content/news/2006/12/groups_hope_to_make_bottled_wa.html (accessed December 12, 2009).
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Joel Connelly, “Episcopal Bishops Say Don’t Go Near the (Bottled) Water,” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, May 5, 2009, http://www.virtueonline.org/portal/modules/news/article.php?storyid=10382 (accessed May 22, 2009).
19. Father Robert A. Sirico, “Blessing the Waters,” National Catholic Register, February 25–March 3, 2007.
Endnotes, Chapter 10
1. J. Colson, “Bottled water backlash?” The Aspen Times, August 14, 2007.
2. M. J. Credeur and T. Mulier, “Nestlé loses sales as Alice Waters bans bottled water,” Bloomberg News, January 22, 2008, http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601109&sid=aHgE5mVQHAVM (accessed March 2, 2008).
3. D. McLaren, “Canada: Time to turn back to the tap?” Globe and Mail (Toronto), April 22, 2008.
4. Canadean (Basingstoke, England), “Bottled Water Growth Slows as Consumers Turn on the Tap: Latest Global Beverage Forecasts from Canadean,” March 18, 2009, http://www.canadean.com/Portals/0/news/canadean_press_releases/pdf/general/Global%20Beverage%20Forecasts%20press%20release.pdf (accessed December 12, 2009).
5. “French bottled water sales slipping as consumers turn to tapwater—Report,” AFX News Limited, March 29, 2007.
6. M. Hickman, “Bottled water sales starting to run dry,” The Independent, March 23, 2009, http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/green-living/bottledwater-sales-starting-to-ran-dry-1651724.html (accessed September 23, 2009).
7. Richard Girard, “Bottled Water Industry Faces Downward Spiral,” Alternet, March 11, 2009, http://www.alternet.org/workplace/130920/bottled_water_industy_faces_downward_spiral/?page=entire (accessed August 12, 2009).
8. Tom Lauria, “Bottled Water Market Share Volume Increased in 2008,” International Bottled Water Association, April 1, 2009, http://www.bottledwater.org/news/bottled-water-market-share-volume-increased-2008 (accessed December 13, 2009).
9. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation News, “Drop in bottled water sales encourages activists,” February 19, 2009, http://www.cbc.ca/consumer/story/2009/02/19/nestle-water.html (accessed May 28, 2009); see also “Inside the Bottle” campaign, “2008 Bottled Water Profits Down: Bottled Water Bans Up,” press release, February 19, 2009, http://www.insidethebottle.org/2008-bottled-water-profits-down-bottled-water-bans (accessed May 28, 2009).
10. AFP (Agence France-Presse), “Let them drink tap-water: Paris fights back against the bottle,” March 22, 2005.
11. Charles Bremner, “Paris Water Wars,” Times (London), January 19, 2007, http://timescorrespondents.typepad.com/charles_bremner/2007/01/french_advertis.html#more (accessed May 28, 2009).
12. Stuart Elliott, “An honor for creativity fuels odes to tap water,” New York Times, November 17, 2006.
13. P. McGreevy, “Mayor reasserts ban on bottled-water purchases,” Los Angeles Times, January 6, 2006.
14. Bethan Dorsett, “£35,000 cap on bottled water: A Council is planning to stop supplying mineral water to staff in a bid to save money,” Manchester Evening News, January 27, 2007, http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/s/234/234436_35000_cap_on_bottled_water.html (accessed October 10, 2009).
15. Andrea Weigl, “Dissension, drop by drop: Bottled water earns wrath of environmentalists. But the issues aren’t cut and dried,” News and Observer (Salt Lake City), April 16, 2008, www.newsobserver.com/105/v-print/story/1038560.html (accessed January 10, 2009).
16. “Seattle bans city purchases of bottled water,” WaterTech Online, March 19, 2008.
17. Michelle Durand, “County says bottled water idea all wet,” Daily Journal (San Mateo County, CA), May 1, 2009, http://www.smdailyjournal.com/article_preview.php?id=109660 (accessed May 26, 2009).
18. Susan Haigh, “With budgets tapped, governors eye cost of water,” Ventura County Star (CA), February 13, 2009, http://www.venturacountystar.com/news/2009/feb/13/with-budgets-tapped-governors-eye-cost-of-water/ (accessed May 28, 2009).
19. Memorandum of Decision and Judgment, June 1, 2009, Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois, No 08-CH-396: American Beverage Association, International Bottled Water Association, Illinois Retail Merchants Association, and Illinois Food Retailers Association v. City of Chicago.
20. Jason Ericson, “‘Holding the water for us to see it:’ New artist-designed outdoor drinking fountains in Minneapolis,” Twin Cities Daily Planet (Minneapolis, MN), July 15, 2008, http://www.tcdailyplanet.net/article/2008/06/24/holding-water-us-see-it-new-artist-designed-outdoor-drinking-fountains-minneapolis (accessed May 28, 2009).
21. Pippa Crerar, “Boris wants fountains to replace bottles,” Evening Standard (London), June 10, 2008, http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard-mayor/article23492331-details/Boris+wants+fountains+to+replace+bottles/article.do (accessed June 4, 2009).
22. G. Ruhe, “School water fountains to prevent obesity,” New York Times Well Blog, March 30, 2009.
23. Michelle Locke, “Chez Panisse among restaurants leading bottled water backlash,” Fresno Bee, March 28, 2007.
24. Incanto Restaurant, http://www.incanto.biz/why.html (accessed August 22, 2008).
25. M. J. Credeur and T. Mulier, “Nestlé loses sales as Alice Waters bans bottled water,” Bloomberg News, http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601109&refer=news&sid=aHgE5mVQHAVM (accessed March 2, 2008).
26. A. Weigl, “Dissension, drop by drop,” News and Observer (Toronto), April 18, 2008, www.newsobserver.com/105/v-print/story/1038560.html.
27. FineWaters.com, “Tap water only at fine restaurants?” Water Connoisseur, April 1, 2007, http://www.finewaters.com/Newsletter/The_Water_Connoisseur_Archive/Tap_Water_Only_at_Fine_Restaurants.asp (accessed December 12, 2009).
28. Barbara Whitaker, “For Town, Water Is a Fighting Word,” New York Times, March 23, 2003, http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C07E6D81630F930A15750C0A9659C8B63 (accessed May 28, 2009).
29. Anne Wallace, “Cold Mountain Spring,” The Green Guide 101, March/April 2004 (downloaded July 27, 2007); see also Kenneth Miller, “An Idyll Interrupted,” Los Angeles Times Magazine, August 1, 2004.
30. “Fujiaqua bottled water was not licensed,” Yomiuri Shimbun (Japan), December 31, 2006.
31. Kevin Miller, “H2O takes new tack against big bottlers,” Bangor Daily News, March 2, 2007, http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-160040667/h2o-takes-new-tack.html (accessed December 12, 2009).
32. Glen Martin, “Bottled water war heats up election,” San Francisco Chronicle, November 5, 2006, http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article/article?f=/c/a/2006/11/05/BAGR8M61D11.DTL (accessed December 12, 2009).
33. Diane Lowe, “Update on Nestlé Bottling Plant Threatening Mount Shasta’s Aquifer,” Mount Shasta Bioregional Center, August 21, 2006, http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2006/08/21/18299272.php.
34. ECONorthwest (Eugene, OR), “The Potential Economic Effects of the Proposed Water Bottling Facility in McCloud,” October 2007, http://www.caltrout.org/docs/ECONRpt.pdf (accessed March 18, 2009).
35. R. S. Rappold, “Water-permit application by Nestlé taps wellspring of conflict in community,” The Colorado Springs Gazette, May 1, 2009, http://www.gazette.com/articles/salida-52835-chaffee-save.html (accessed December 12, 2009).
36. Andrea Weigl, Corporate Accountability International, “Bottled water earns wrath of environmentalists,” Raleigh News and Observer, http://www.stopcorporateabuse.org/raleigh-news-observer-dissention-drop-drop (accessed December 12, 2009).
37. The Scotsman, “Bottled Water ‘Damages Environment’ Especially with a 10K Mile Delivery,” November 10, 2004, http://www.iema.net/news/envnews?aid=4894j (accessed May 28, 2009).
38. M. Wainwright, “Leeds students ban bottled water,” Guardian (London), December 16, 2008.
39. Sophie Haydock, “Ban bottled water,” Guardian, December 20, 2008, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/dec/20/bottled-water-ban-leeds (accessed December 12, 2009).
40. Inside the Bottle, “Students at McGill vote to end the sale and distribution of bottled water,” February 18, 2009, http://www.insidethebottle.org/students-mcgill-vote-end-sale-and-distribution-bottled-water (accessed May 28, 2009); see also, Joe Cressy, “Celebrating the beginning of the end of bottled water in Canada,” Rabble News, http://rabble.ca/news/2009/12/celebrating-beginning-end-bottled-water-canada (accessed December 12, 2009).
41. IBWA, “IBWA Media Relations 2006 and 2007” (as of September 1, 2007), memo prepared for the IBWA Communications Committee.
42. IBWA, “Corporate Accountability International Campaign Confuses Customers and Provides Bottled Water Misinformation,” press release, October 10, 2007, http://www.waterwebster.com/IBWAchallengesCorporateAccount abilityInternationalOct.102007.htm (accessed December 12, 2009).
43. J. Wiggins, “UK: Bottlers of water try to turn off the tap,” Financial Times, November 25, 2008, http://us.ft.com/ftgateway/superpage.ft?news_id=fto112320081306183798 (accessed May 28, 2009).
44. J. Colson, “Bottled water backlash?” Aspen Times, August 14, 2007.
45. C. Morgan, “Bottled water firm steamed about Miami-Dade water ads,” Miami Herald, October 13, 2008.
46. Barry Massey, “More tax free coffee, water under Senate bill,” Associated Press, February 28, 2007.
47. The Business Review (Albany, New York), “Nestlé Waters sues NY over bottle bill,” May 19, 2009, http://albany.bizjournals.com/albany/stories/2009/05/18/daily19.html (accessed December 12, 2009).
Endnotes, Chapter 11
1. Marketwire, “Bottled Water Saves the World,” August 24, 2007, http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release.do?id=764027&sourceType=3 (accessed December 14, 2009).
2. Poland Spring Company, “Eco-shape: A Better Bottle for You and Our Environment,” advertisement, http://www.polandspring.com/DoingOurPart/EcoShapeBottle.aspx (accessed December 14, 2009).
3. Remarks of E. Neville Isdell, Chairman and CEO of the Coca-Cola Company, at the WWF Annual Conference, Beijing, China, June 5, 2007, The Coca-Cola Company Press Center, http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/presscenter/viewpoints_isdell_wwf.html (accessed December 14, 2009).
4. The Coca-Cola Company Press Center, “Coca-Cola, URRC open world’s largest plastic bottle-to-bottle recycling plant,” press release, January 14, 2009, http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/presscenter/nr_20090114_bottle-to-bottle_recycling.html (accessed September 28, 2009).
5. Marketwire, “Bottled Water Saves the World,” August 24, 2007, http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release.do?id=764027&sourceType=3 (accessed December 14, 2009).
6. Belu Water advertisement, http://www.belu.org/ (accessed December 14, 2009).
7. Laura Devlin, “Campaigner Hailed Great Briton,” Eastern Daily Press, May 23, 2007, http://new.edp24.co.uk/content/news/story.aspx?brand=EDPOnline&category=News&tBrand=EDPOnline&tCategory=news&itemid=NOED22 %20May%202007%2022%3A20%3A13%3A170 (accessed December 14, 2009).
8. FoodBev Media, “One Water Founder Honored at UK Business Awards,” November 21, 2008, http://water.foodbev.com/ArticleDetail.aspx?contentId=1793 (accessed May 27, 2009).
9. NameWire, “Neau: A Novel Product Name and Product Idea,” Strategic Name Development, Inc., October 6, 2005, http://www.namedevelopment.com/blog/archives/2005/10/neau_a_novel_product_name_and_product_idea.html (accessed January 4, 2006).
10. Marketplace, “2008’s greenwashes of the year,” American Public Media, http://www.publicradio.org/columns/sustainability/greenwash/2008/12/2008s_greenwashes_of_the_year.html (accessed December 14, 2009).
11. See, for example, The Campaign to End Bottled Water, http://www.endbottled water.com/ (accessed December 14, 2009), or the Polaris Institute’s “Inside the Bottle” Campaign, http://www.polarisinstitute.org/water (accessed December 14, 2009), or Corporate Accountability International’s Think Outside the Bottle Campaign, http://www.stopcorporateabuse.org/think-outside-bottle (accessed December 14, 2009).
Endnotes, Chapter 12
1. Steve Conner, “Report attacks environmental costs of dams,” Independent (London), November 17, 2000, http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/report-attacks-environmental-cost-of-dams-621924.html (accessed December 13, 2009).
2. P. H. Gleick, “Global Freshwater Resources: Soft-Path Solutions for the 21st Century,” Science 302 (November 2003): 1524-528.