Appendices

Electronic versions of Appendices 1 and 2 can also be consulted on https://wikis.nyu.edu/display/PNAppendices/home.

Appendix 1. Quotations from the Troubadours

Appendix 2. Excerpted Stanzas Anthologized in Selected Troubadour Chansonnier Manuscripts

Appendix 3. Occitan Treatises of Grammar and Poetics from the Beginning to the Mid-Fourteenth Century

Appendix 4. Troubadour Quotations in Grammars of the Vidal Tradition

Appendix 5. Troubadour Quotations in the Novas of Raimon Vidal

Appendix 6. Lyric Insertions in Jean Renart’s Guillaume de Dole

Appendix 7. Manuscript Versions of the Novas del papagai

Appendix 8. Bertolome Zorzi 74.9 and Peire Vidal 364.39

Appendix 9. Text and Translation of Jofre de Foixà’s “Be m’a lonc temps menat a guiza d’aura” (304.1)

Appendix 10. Structure of the “Branch of Sexual Love” in Matfre Ermengau’s Breviari d’amor

Appendix 11. Quotations in Matfre Ermengau’s Breviari d’amor

Appendix 12. Troubadour Quotations in De vulgari eloquentia in Relation to the Preceding Tradition of Quotation

Appendix 13. Troubadour Quotations in Berenguer d’Anoia’s Mirail de trobar

Appendix 14. Troubadour Quotations in Guilhem Molinier’s Leys d’amor

Appendix 15. Comparison Between Passages from Albertano da Brescia and the 1356 Redaction of the Leys d’amors

Appendix 16. Petrarch’s “Lasso me”

Appendix 17. Key to Sigla of the Principal Manuscripts Discussed in This Book

 

 

APPENDIX I

Quotations from the Troubadours

This appendix lists all passages from troubadour songs of a line or longer that are quoted in subsequent Occitan texts and in a small selection of related non-Occitan ones (Guillaume de Dole, Roman de la violette, De vulgari eloquentia, Petrarch’s “Lasso me”). The appendix is organized by the troubadours quoted (column 1), listed in the order they appear in Pillet-Carstens’s bibliography (PC). The next column gives the PC number of each quoted song, as updated in the Bibliografia elettronica dei trovatori; the song’s opening line follows in the third column. The entries in the next following columns indicate which lines of the song are quoted and in what context(s). Each entry gives, in order, the line(s) of the song quoted (as they appear in the modern edition); the text in which the quotation appears (though not for Breviari d’amor, since this column is dedicated to just this one text); the number assigned to that quotation (in cases where quotations have been previously inventoried); the location (e.g., line numbers) in the quoting text where the quotation is found; and any additional information about the quotation in question: if it is misor unattributed and if, in the case of the prose biographies, it appears in a text about a different troubadour (indicated by giving the name of the troubadour concerned). The final column cross-refers to Appendix 2, which lists the excerpted stanzas anthologized in six chansonnier manuscripts. In cases where the quoted material coincides at least partly with excerpted material, the final column indicates in which chansonnier(s) the anthologized extract appears. In cases where the same song is both quoted and excerpted, but not the same passage(s), the cross-reference is in parentheses. Chansonnier sigla are given in Appendix 17; abbreviations are explained on page vii; editions are listed in the “Primary Texts” section of the Bibliography.

 

 

APPENDIX 2

Excerpted Stanzas Anthologized in Selected Troubadour Chansonnier Manuscripts

Like Appendix 1, this appendix is organized alphabetically by troubadour (first column) following the order in Pillet-Carstens, then by song using the PC number of each song (column 2) and its opening line (column 3). The next six columns detail all of the excerpted passages featuring in the anthology section, or florilegium, of each of six chansonnier manuscripts, each identified by its alphabetical siglum. (Note that Appendix 2 is selective; several manuscripts containing excerpted or isolated stanzas are not included; for discussion, see Chapter 4). Each entry in these six columns gives line references identifying which passages from the song in question appear in that manuscript, together with the item number it has been assigned within that manuscript. These numbers are those listed in the BEdT, except in the case of H where they are those of Maria Careri, Il canzoniere provenzale H. The last column indicates whether (part of) the passage excerpted also features as (part of) a quotation and hence is also included in Appendix 1; the abbreviated title(s) in this final column indicate in which text(s) the quotation appears. In cases where the same song appears in both appendices, but not the same passage(s), the cross-reference to Appendix 1 is placed in parentheses. Expansions of chansonnier sigla are given in Appendix 17; abbreviations are explained on p. vii; editions cited are listed in the Bibliography.

 

 

APPENDIX 3

Occitan Treatises of Grammar and Poetics from the Beginning to the Mid-Fourteenth Century

(For manuscript sigla, see the relevant section of Appendix 17; for editions, see Bibliography.)

 

 

APPENDIX 4

Troubadour Quotations in Grammars of the Vidal Tradition

This appendix compares the organization of the Razos de trobar, the Doctrina d’acort, and the Regies de trobar, and their use of quotations relative to that organization in manuscripts B and CL of the Razos and H of the Regies. The first column indicates in which section of the treatise each quotation appears. Next, within each treatise, quotations are numbered using the numbering assigned by J. H. Marshall in his edition of the treatises. The next following column identifies the source of each quotation by PC and line numbers (for full names of troubadours and incipits of the quoted songs, see Appendix 1; for editions, see Bibliography). In quotations that serve as grammatical examples, the forms that are the focus of the example are in italics; where these forms appear at the rhyme they are additionally in bold; I also indicate which quotations are incipits that serve to identify the song under discussion. For incipits and attributions of the quoted songs, see Appendix 1.

 

 

APPENDIX 5

Troubadour Quotations in the Novas of Raimon Vidal

This appendix includes troubadour quotations (numbered) and references to named troubadours (bulleted) in the order in which they appear in the text of R (Raimon Vidal, Obra poètica, ed. Hugh Field). Quotations are identified by author (and PC number), incipit, and line range in the editions listed in the Bibliography (followed by line references in Raimon Vidai’s novas and an indication of who quotes to whom).

ABRIL ISSIA

• Reference to Giraut de Bornelh’s vers and chansos and those of Arnaut de Maruelh (44–45, joglar to narrator)

1. Giraut de Bornelh (242.55), “Per solatz reveillar,” 41-44 (96–99, narrator, remembering to himself)

• Episode at the court of Dalfi d’Alvernha, troubadour and patron (140–620, recounted by joglar to narrator)

• Dalfi named by the joglar as the poet whose songs his father first taught him to sing (201, joglar to Dalfi, reported to narrator)

2. Bertren de Born (80.38), “S’abrils e fuoillas e flors,” 86–88 (468–71, Dalfi to joglar, as recounted by joglar to narrator)

3. Arnaut de Maruelh (30.VI), “Razos es e mezura,” 209–12 (603–6, Dalfi to joglar, as recounted by joglar to narrator)

• Reference to Uc de Mataplana (troubadour and patron) (639–44, joglar to narrator)

• References to other patrons, some of whom were also troubadours, including Frederick II, Richard I, Bernart Arnaut d’Armagnac, Arnaut Guillem de Marsan, possibly Bertran de Saissac (856–89, narrator to joglar)

4. Arnaut de Maruelh (30.VI), “Razos es e mezura,” 155–58 (1022–25, narrator to joglar)

5. Raimon de Miraval (406.25), “Dels quatre mestiers valens,” 8–9 (1147–48, narrator to joglar)

6. Peire Rogier (356.7), “Seign’en Raymbaut, per vezer,” 36–42 (1155–61, narrator to joglar)

7. Anonymous (unidentified) (1184–89, narrator to joglar)

8. Arnaut de Maruelh (30.VI), “Razos es e mezura,” 64–74, (12.31–41, narrator to joglar)

9. Giraut de Bornelh (242.34), “Gen maten,” 69–72 (1549–52, narrator to joglar)

10. Raimon de Miraval (406.7), “A penas sai don m’apreing,” 45–47 (1730–32, narrator to joglar)

SO FO e.l TEMS

1. Bernart de Ventadorn (70.10), “Bel m’es qu’eu chan en aquel mes,” 35 (47, narrator)

2. Perdigon (370.3), “Ben aio.l mal e.l afan e.l consir,” 35–36 (77–78, narrator)

3. Raimbaut d’Aurenga (389.20), “Ben s’eschai qu’en bona cort,” 29–35 (92–98, narrator)

4. Raimon de Miraval (406.5), “Anc non attendiei de chantar,” 25–32 (111–18, narrator)

5. Bernart de Ventadorn (70.27), “Lonc tems a qu’eu no chantei mai,” 10–11 (171–72, first lady to knight)

6. Arnaut de Maruelh (30.23), “Si.m destreignetz, dompna, vos et Amors,” 38–40 (239–41, knight to donzela)

7. Folquet de Marselha (155.1), “Amors, merce: non mueira tan soven,” 8–14 (248–54, knight to donzela)

8. Giraut de Bornelh (242.58), “Can ereis la fresca fueil’els rams,” 48–50 (261–63, donzela to knight)

9. Guillem de Sant Leidier (verses unknown elsewhere) (270–73, donzela to knight)

10. Guilhem Ademar (202.1), “Ben for’ oimais sazos e locs,” 8–14 (282–88, donzela to knight)

11. Giraut de Bornelh (242.58), “Can ereis la fresca fueil’els rams,” 23–33 (291–301, donzela to knight)

12. Giraut de Bornelh (242.39), “Ia.m vai revenen,” 85–106 (322–43, donzela to knight)

13. Folquet de Marselha (quoted anonymously) (155.16), “Per Dieu, Amors, ben sabetz veramen,” 41–44 (407—narrator)

14. Bernart de Ventadorn (70.43), “Can vei la lauzeta mover,” 49–56 (433–40, knight to donzela)

15. Gui d’Ussel (194.19), “Si be.m partetz, mala domna, de vos,” 33–40 (455–62, donzela to knight)

16. Raimon Vidal de Besalú (verses unknown elsewhere) (469–79, donzela to knight)

17. Raimon de Miraval (406.18), “Selh, cui joys tanh ni chantar sap,” 1–8 (490–97, donzela to knight)

18. Peire Bremon (Ricas Novas?) (verses unknown elsewhere, though also quoted in the Regles de trobar) (512–15, narrator)

19. Bernart de Ventadorn (70.1), “Ab joi mou lo vers e.l comens,” 33–36 (520–23 narrator)

20. Guiraudo lo Ros (240.4), “Era sabrai s’a ges de cortezia,” 40–41 (590–93, first lady to knight)

21. Raimon de Miraval (406.2), “Aissi cum es genser pascors,” 28–36 (606–14, knight to first lady)

22. Anonymous (unidentified, by “us castellas”) (625–32, knight to first lady)

23. Raimon de Miraval (406.23), “Contr’ amor vau durs et enbroncs,” 36–42 (641–47, knight to first lady)

24. Anonymous (“us frances”) (666–85, first lady to knight)

25. Raimon de Miraval (406.42), “Tal vai mon chan enqueren,” 33–40 (694–701, first lady to knight)

26. Raimon de Miraval (406.42), “Tal vai mon chan enqueren,” 25–32 (712–19, knight to first lady—this makes his rupture with her definitive)

27. Raimon de Miraval (406.15), “Ben aia-1 messagiers,” 31–32 (770–71, first lady to second lady)

28. Raimon Vidal de Besalú (verses unknown elsewhere) (786–94, first lady to second lady)

29. Raimbaut de Vaqueiras (392.13), “Eissamen ai gerreiat ab amor,” 23–24 (815–16, first lady to second lady)

30. Raimon de Miraval (verses unknown elsewhere) (829–31, first lady to second lady)

31. Raimbaut de Vaqueiras (392.23), “Leu pot hom gauch e pretz aver,” 1–4 (840–43, first lady to second lady)

32. Uc Brunenc (450.2), “Ara.m nafron li sospir,” 37–40 (860–63, fi^rst lady to second lady)

33. Folquet de Marselha (155.3), “Ai! quan gen vens,” 23–24 (906–7, second lady to first lady)

34. Folquet de Marselha (155.3), “Ai! quan gen vens,” 9–12 (958–61, second lady to first lady)

35. Anonymous (unidentified, heard sung by “un joglaret”) (1008–9, second lady to first lady)

• Uc de Mataplana is appealed to as arbitrator between the two women (1104-end)

36. Raimon Vidal de Besalú (verses unknown elsewhere) (1271–81, Uc de Mataplana)

37. Gaucelm Faidit (167.43), “No malegra chans ni critz,” 30–33 (1328–31, Uc de Mataplana)

38. Raimon de Miraval (406.8), “Er ab la forsa dels freys,” 9–13, 15–16 (1358–64, Uc de Mataplana

39. Bertran de Born (80.38), “S’abrils e fuoillas e flors,” 19–22 (1407–10, Uc de Mataplana)

 

 

APPENDIX 6

Lyric Insertions in Jean Renart’s Guillaume de Dole

The first column numbers the lyric insertions in the order they appear in Félix Lecoy’s edition of Guillaume de Dole. The second provides the number assigned to each in Lecoy’s inventory and the line numbers at which it occurs in his edition. The column headed “Reference #” indicates whether the quotation is from a source identified by Gennrich (G: for refrains), Raynaud and Spanke (RS: for Northern French trouvère lyrics), and Pillet-Carstens (PC: for troubadour lyrics); see Bibliography for details of these works.

 

 

APPENDIX 7

Manuscript Versions of the Novas del papagai

This is a schematic representation of the contents of the five different manuscript versions of the novas. Three (RJG) recount the core of the narrative in which the parrot courts the lady, and a fragment of this also occurs in π. This core is developed differently in R and J.J ends with an oath of fidelity by the lover, which appears as a separate text, a little before the rest of the novas, in G, and completely independently in D. Although G does not contain the full narrative development of J, it ends with the parrot returning to Antiphanor and without the motif of the lady’s gifts, suggesting greater proximity to J, than R. The text of π is corrupt but closer to JG than to R. For the meaning of sigla, see Appendix 17.

 

 

APPENDIX 8

Bertolome Zorzi 74.9 and Peire Vidal 364.39

This appendix gives the texts of Bertolome Zorzi 74.9 (ed. Levy) and Peire Vidal 364.39 (ed. Avalle). Italics are used to mark the material common to both. It is not translated twice over but the text as it appears in the two editions is provided. I follow the stanza order used by Bertolome, who interverts Avalle’s stanzas IV and V; Avalle’s line numbers appear in square brackets to the right of his text.

 

 

APPENDIX 9

Text and Translation of Jofre de Foixà’s “Be m’a lonc temps menat a guiza d’aura” (304.1)

The text follows the edition by Martín de Riquer. The final line of each stanza is the incipit of the song identified below the translation in the facing column.

1	4	Be m’a lonc temps menat a guiza d’aura ma bon’ amors, quo fai naus sobre vens; mas lo peril m’asuava e.m daura lo bos espers qu’ay en vos fermamens, en cuy amar es ferms totz mos talens: qu’aissi m’an pres de vos, qu’es blond’ e saura, las grans beutatz e.ls fis ensenhamens.	As if it were a breeze, my good love has driven me like a ship in the path of the wind; but the great danger I am in is sweetened and gilded by the good hope I have firmly fixed on you, in loving whom my desire is altogether firm; for thus, the great beauties and exquisite manners that are yours have made a conquest of me, blonde lady with the golden hair.
			Arnaut de Maruelh 30.16
II	8	No m’agra ops que.m fos tan agradiva vostr’amistats, dona de bos aibs flors, pus deviatz envas mi tan autiva de cor esser, e lunhar mi.l secors qu’ay atendut lonjamens: quar us plors m’en sors tan grieus que non cre guaire viva, si me destrenhetz, dona, vos et amors.	It would not be right that your friendliness toward me should be too welcoming, lady, flower of good qualities, since your feelings toward me should be haughty and keep at a distance the help that I have waited for such a long time: for my tears rise up so painfully in me that I don’t think I can live long, so much, lady, do you distress me, you and love between you.
	12		Arnaut de Maruelh 30.23
III	16	Et ja de vos no.m do so qu’ieu dezire jamais Ihezus, si per als a mûrir tem, mas per so quar sai ses contradire que pos mortz fos no.us poyria servir. Pero si.l mal vos piazen ni.l martir, ni’l grieu afan de que yeu suy suffrire, ben aya.l mal e l’afan e.l cossir.	And may Jesus never give me what I want of you if I were ever to fear dying for some other reason [than love for you]—except I know for certain that once I was dead I wouldn’t be able to serve you. However, if the suffering and martyrdom and painful anguish I suffer please you, may the suffering and anguish and longing be rewarded.
	20		Perdigon 370.3
IV	24	Qu’a mi non deu plazer mas so que.us playa, pus del tot suy vostres ab bona fe, sol no vulhatz que d’amar vos m’estraya, quar le poders non es ges mieus de re. Be suy conques, mas trop suy luenh de be, qu’en tal cossir m’an empench que m’esglaya ir’ e pezars e dona ses merce.	For nothing should please me except what pleases you, since I am utterly yours, with good faith, provided you don’t wish me to stray from loving you—the power to do so certainly doesn’t lie with me. I am well conquered, but too far from well, for distress and sorrow and a pitiless lady have struck me with longing such as torments me.
	28		Perdigon 370.8
V	32	E vos, Amors, pus ab tan ferm coratge vos am e.us ser, per que.us truep tan nozen? Qu’ades m’ausizetz tolhen alegrage et ades mi revivetz joys renden, per qu’ieu trac piegz d’ome del tot moren. Doncx pus avetz en mi.l plen poderatge Amors, merce! no mueyra tan soven.	And you, Love, since with such a firm heart I love and serve you, why do I find you so hurtful? One moment you kill me, taking away all my mirth, and then you bring me back to life again restoring my joys, so that I suffer worse than someone who was dying once and for all. So, since you have total power over me, have have mercy, love! Let me not die so many times over.
			Folquet de Marselha 155.1
VI	36	Dona, pervos m’es Amors tan sobreira; et si m’auci, de vos mou l’ochaizos. Don volgra be que.us auzes esquerreira nomnarvas fe: mas en vos falhizos non dey pensar sia, pero de vostenc er, que.m fatiz mal, dona plazentiera, mon cor et mi e mas bonas chansos.	Lady, it’s because of you that Love has such sovereignty over me; if she kills me, you are the reason. I wish I dared to call you halting with regard to faith, but I ought not to think there is any shortcoming in you, because from you who are hurting me now, lovely lady, I hold my heart and myself and my good songs.
	40		Gaucelm Faidit 167.37
VII	44	Vostres suy tan, don’ agradiv’ e pros, qu’on piegz mi faitz, ab amor pus enteyra humils e francs e fis sopley vas vos.	I am so much yours, pleasing and worthy lady, that the more harm you do me, with a more perfect love do I beg you, humble, candid, and sincere.
			Pons de Capdoill 375.10

 

 

APPENDIX 10

Structure of the “Branch of Sexual Love” in Matfre Ermengau’s Breviari d’amor

This Appendix reproduces (from Ricketts’ edition) and translates the rubrics, organizes them according to my understanding of the structure of Matfre’s argument, and indicates the distribution of quotations (as numbered by Ricketts) among the sections thus defined. Italics are used for English translations and bold typeface for major subdivisions. The quotations are identified in Appendix n.

D’AMOR DE MASCL’ AB FEME CONCERNING LOVE OF MALE WITH FEMALE

Quez est’amors de masele ab feme es bona de se ab qu’om n’uze be, et en quai manieira.n pot hom ben uzar That this love of male with female is good in itself, provided one practices it well, and in that manner one may practice it well

Quo es mout perilhos a las gens uzar d’est’ amor de mascl’ ab feme How it is very perilous to humanity to practice this love of male with female

Aisi comensa le perilhos tractatz d’amor de donas, seguon qu’en han tractat li antic trobador en lurs cansos Here begins the perilous exposition of the love of women, according to what the troubadours of old said about it in their songs	#1
Del plag quez an mogut li maldizen contra Matfre, reprenden lui quar enten en amor de donas Concerning the suit brought by the detractors against Matfre, criticizing him for dedicating himself to the love of women
Respon Matfres als maldizens Matfre replies to the detractors	##2–10
Aras parlon li maldizen Now the detractors speak	#11
Respon Matfres als maldizens Matfre replies to the detractors	#12
Aisi parlon li maldizen The detractors speak in this way	#13
Respon Matfres als maldizens Matfre replies to the detractors	##14–15
Aisi parlon li maldizen The detractors speak in this way	#16
Respon Matfres als maldizens Matfre replies to the detractors	#17
Aisi parlon li maldizen The detractors speak in this ivay	#18
Respon Matfres als maldizens Matfre replies to the detractors	##19–20
Aisi parlon li maldizen The detractors speak in this way	#21
Respon Matfres als maldizens Matfre replies to the detractors	##22–28
Del plag quez an mogut contra aquest’ amor li trobador, reprenden lieis Concerning the suit brought by the troubadours against this love, criticizing it	##29–30
Respon Matfres als trobadors Matfre replies to the troubadours	##31–33
Aisi parlon li trobador reprenden amor The troubadours speak in this way, criticizing love	#34
Respon Matfres escuzan amor Matfre replies, exculpating love	#35
Aisi parlon li trobador reprenden amor The troubadours speak in this way, criticizing love	#36
Respon Matfres escuzan amor Matfre replies, exculpating love	##37–44
Del plag quez an mogut li aimador contr’ aquest’ amor, complanhen se de lieis Concerning the suit brought by the lovers against this love, lodging complaints against it	##45–59
Matfres repren los aimadors quar han menassat amor e quar se son cumplanch de lieis Matfre rebukes the lovers for making threats and complaints against love	##60–79
Del plag quez an mogut li aimador contra las donas, se rancuran d’elas Concerning the suit brought by the lovers against ladies, voicing grievances against them	##80–81
Respon Matfres als aimadors, excuzan las donas Matfre replies to the lovers, exculpating ladies	##82–83
Aysi parlon li aimador contra las donas The lovers speak in this way against ladies	##84–89
Respon Matfre, reprenden los aimadors Matfre replies, criticizing the lovers	##90–115
Cosseilhs en qual manieira las donas se devon captener en amor Advice on the manner in which ladies should behave regarding love
Respon Matfres, donan cosseilh a las donas Matfre replies, giving advice to ladies	##116–42
Cosseilh als aimadors quo.s devon captener en amor Advice to the lovers on how to behave regarding love	#143
Respon Matfres, donan cosseilh als aimadors Matfre replies, giving advice to the lovers	##144–58
Aisi respondon li aimador a Matfre The lovers reply to Matfre in this way	##159–60
Respon Matfres als aimadors Matfre replies to the lovers	##161–71

Del albre de saber ben e mal quez es plantatz en l’albre d’amor sus lo cercle d’amor de mascle e de feme Concerning the tree of the knowledge of good and evil that is planted in the tree of love on the circle of “Love of male with female”

De largueza et en qual manieira deu hom uzar de largueza Concerning generosity and in what manner one should practice generosity	##172–82
D’ardimen et en qual manieira deu hom usar de son ardimen Concerning boldness and in what manner one should practice one’s boldness	##183–88
De cortezia et en qual manieira deu hom uzar de sa cortezia Concerning courtliness and in what manner one should practice ones courtliness	##189–94
D’umilitat Concerning humility	##195–98
De domnei Concerning courtship of women	##199–200
D’alegranza Concerning gaity	##201–4
De retenemen Concerning restraint	##205–9
D’essenhamen Concerning manners	##210–13
De proeza et en qual manieira deu hom proeza mantener Concerning worth and in what manner one should maintain worth	##214–18
De matremoni Concerning marriage
Del frug de matremoni e de las diversas gracias que dieus a fachas al orde de matremoni Concerning the fruit which is marriage and the various forms of grace God has bestowed on the order of marriage	#219
De la error de cels que blasmo matremoni Concerning the heresy of those who decry marriage
Ab qual entencio deu hom venir a matremoni With what intent one should approach marriage
Ab qual persona se deu hom ajustar de matremoni With What person one should be joined in marriage
Per quals razos et en qual manieira quascus deu amar sa molher Why and how each man should love his wife
En qual manieira quascus deu tener recglada sa molher In what way each man should keep his wife in order
De pacientia Concerning patience	##220–21
De conoichensa Concerning discernment	##222–26
De sen e de saber Concerning judgment and knowledge	#227
De bon coratge e d’esforss Concerning courage and commitment	##228–33
Del frug que nais del albre de saber be e mal, le quals es filhs e filhas Concerning the fruit that is born of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, namely sons and daughters
Del maldizen le quals en l’albre d’amor destrui ab so feramen l’albre de saber be e mal Concerning the detractor who, on the tree of love, destroys the tree of the knowledge of good and evil by striking it
De decelar Concerning indiscretion	##234–37
D’avareza Concerning avarice	##238–41
De cocha Concerning lust	##242–44
De lauzengiers Concerning slanderers	##245–47
D’erguelh Concerning arrogance	##248–50
De vilhitge Concerning old age	#251
De fadeza Concerning imbecility	##252–53
Del enamorat d’amor de mascle e de feme, le quals en l’albre d’amor cuelh fuelhas e flors del albre de saber ben e mal Concerning the man in love with the love of male with female who plucks the leaves and flowers of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil	#254
Remedís per escantir folia d’amor Remedies to cure love’s madness	##255–67

 

 

APPENDIX 11

Quotations in Matfre Ermengau’s Breviari d’amor

Quotations in the Breviari as numbered by Ricketts in the order they appear in the text, followed by their PC number, the first line of the passage quoted as it appears in the Breviari, and the lines occupied by the quotation. My thanks to Peter Ricketts for providing this material.

Ricketts #	PC	Opening line	Breviari lines
1	9.18	Qui vol apenre d’amor	27821–32
2	167.60	Lunhs hom no pot ses amor far que pros	27865–73
3	309, fragment	Sabchon li fin aiman	27878–99
4	406.24	D’amors mou totz mos cossiriers	27908–15
5	trouvère	Amor, que m’a sorpris	27933–37
6	341.la	Messier Matfre, no.us desplassa	27948–56
7	9.18	Mas qui vol d’entendedor	27976–87
8	106.22	S’ieu pogues ma voluntat	27995–28006
9	297.5a	Greu er lunhs homs tan complitz	28020–27
10	10.40	Ges no failh quan s’ave	28034–39
11	173.14	Vostr’uzatges es aitals	28053–63
12	173.11	Humils e mercejans	28074–86
13	392.23	Mas per sso m’en vueilh estener	28098–107
14	392.23	Pero be say, si.rn dezesper	28121-30
15	10.17	Quar cell qui se mezeis desmen	28139–42
16	70.28	A vos mi clam, senhor	28149–56
17	305.16	Peire Vidals es le deriers	28167–72
18	155.21	Amors, per sso mi soi hieu recrezutz	28181–88
19	155.21	Ab bell semblan que fals’amors adutz	28195–202
20	155.16	Mas vos no.m par puscatz far failimen	28217–24
21	293.18	Fams ni mortaudatz ni guerra	28231–36
22	293.18	Brus Marcz, le filhs Marcabruna	28246–51
23	404.5	E tug aquist quez eron bon trobaire	28280–89
24	392.28	D’amor digs mal e mas autras cansos	28319–20
25	375.23	Anc pueis no fe.l segles mas decazer	28383–84
26	10.40	Per razo natural	28393–402
27	trouvère	Ge ne sui pass si cum sel’autra gant	28422–29
28	166.1	Quor qu’ieu chantess dezamatz	28438–47
29	70.29	Mais ha d’amor qui domneja	28461–68
30	457.3	Mas una tals sazos es	28482–91
31	244.9	Totz hom qu’ab fin cor leial	28511–17
32	450.7	Per que val mais d’amor sso qu’om n’aten	28527–34
33	124.6	Ben ai’ amors quar anc me fetz chauzir	28549–56
34	5.3	Amors apoder’ e vens	28571–82
35	210.14	Ar aujatz quant ha de poder	28592–99
36	65.1	Amors no garda pro ni dan	28613–22
37	406.20	Ben es nescis a lei de tos	28630–37
38	10.27	E s’ieu cum fols siec mon dan folamen	28645–51
39	10.2	Mas anc no vi fin’aimansa	28661–68
40	133.8	Mas cell que vol tot jorn esser senatz	28680–87
41	70.23	Una falsa deschauzida	28727–34
42	249.1	Aichi cum cell qu’a la lebre cassada	28745–52
43	297.5	Lunhs horns no fai savieza	28766–74
44	10.15	Cell qui s’irais ni guerej’ ab amor	28786–93
45	223.2	Si.rn faitz me mezeis oblidar	28814–17
46	9.3	Tan m’es al corque, quan de lieis cossir	28827–34
47	10.43	Pos ma bela mal’amia	28840–47
48	167.53	Mantas sazos s’esdeve	28856–64
49	70.41	Be sai la nueg, quan mi despuelh	28873–80
50	124.16	Ai! quant badailh e quant sospir	28889–96
51	30.4	Ves qualque part qu’ieu an ni torn ni vire	28912–18
52	10.7	Hai! co m’an mort vostre bell hueilh e vos	28925–32
53	5.1	Si las lagremas qu’ieu plor	28942–52
54	213.3	Mas hieu, lass! que sueffre l’ardor	28962–68
55	355.7	Que.l febles corss vai sospiran	28976–82
56	10.12	Ane mais lunh tems no trobiei liador	28993–9000
57	10.24	Eisamen cum l’azimans	29010–17
58	155.18	E s’ieu anc jorn fui gais ni amoros	29027–36
59	70.45	Amors m’a mes en soan	29057–63
60	155.21	Fells for’ ieu trop, mas so m’en retengutz	29087–94
61	155.14	S’er no.us vens, venqutz soi, amors	29103–12
62	trouvère	Rois de Navare, sire de vertus	29142–50
63	10.7	Avos, amors mezeicha, .m clam de vos	29162–69
64	370.3	Ben aio.ilh mal e.ilh afan e.ilh cossir	29179–87
65	364.4	Estra mon grat am tot sols per egal	29195–202
66	167.35	Le mals qu’ieu trai mi fora bells e bos	29214–21
67	167.53	Amix, quan se vol partir	29235–43
68	70.31	Ben es mortz qui d’amor no sen	29252–59
69	106.16	Nuls hom no viu ni renha ab amor	29276–85
70	421.1	Irat me ten e joios	29299–307
71	10.15	Que.ilh plazerson plus que.ilh enueg d’amor	29317–24
72	337.1	Que.l fuocs que m’art es d’un’aital natura	29338–42
73	366.19	E vueilh be qu’amors m’assalha	29351–58
74	10.8	Ni fin’amors, sso vos man	29377–85
75	10.8	Quar li hueilh son drogoman	29394–402
76	262.3	Nulhs hom no.s meravilh de mi	29417–22
77	10.8	E seilh que si van claman	29435–43
78	155.5	Ben an mort me e lor	29453–62
79	457.3	Anc enemies qu’ieu hagues	29476–85
80	167.35	Be m’an trait siei bell hueilh amoros	29507–14
81	10.43	Peitz m’es que si m’ausizia	29528–35
82	450.6	Ges bona domna non quereilh	29562–69
83	450.7	Qu’ieu vi d’amor que.lh gaug e.iIh ris e.ilh sen	29586–93
84	293.18	Aitan quan l’avers li dura	29607–12
85	332.1	Qui en luoc femenil	29625–33.1
86	332.1	Si las tenetz ta vil	29649–57.1
87	335.53	En jurar de femna no.m fi	29661–66
88	70.43	De las donas mi dezesper	29675–82
89	trouvère	Un tans fu ja que ces dames amoient	29693–700
90	364.27	Non ai enemic tam brau	29716–22
91	62.1	L’escut e.l basto vueilh render	29737–45
92	370.9	Sa grans beutatz e.l riez pretz qu’en lieis es	29776–84
93	449.5	Be.us dei amar sens neguna falhensa	29805–13
94	356.4	Be.m puesc los autres escarnir	29825–32
95	234.4	Ses tot dubtar hai chauzit la gensor	29841–48
96	202.11	Que tals mi tramet e.m manda	29855–62
97	124.14	En tan quom le cels garanda	29870–77
98	30.8	Si Dieus volgues lo seu ric pretz devire	29885–91
99	10.33	Mezur’ e sen, qu’es razitz de totz bes	29899–906
100	421.1	Totas las belas faisos	29914–22
101	375.21	Si totz los gaugz e.ls bes	29932–40
102	392.28	Jois e jovens et avinens faisos	29951–58
103	9.15	Regardan la vei gensor	29965–73
104	5.1	Mielhs de dona, mielhs d’amor	29977–87
105	364.39	Bona dona, Dieu cug vezer	29992–99
106	364.11	D’onrat pretz nominatiu	30003–12
107	372.3	Domna, mon corss e mon castell vos ren	30018–25
108	406.7	Tug li trabador egual	30037–46
109	225.7	Be.m platz qu’ieu chan, quan pes la gran honor	30055–63
110	297.3	De midons puesc hieu dir en tota plassa	30090–97
111	406.24	Amors ha tans de bos mestiers	30115–22
112	213.3	Quar donas fan valer adess	30127–33
113	34.2	S’anc amors tornet en desses	30160–66
114	30.18	Domna vol qu’om sia privatz	30187–95
115	404.5	Non puesc mudar no.n digua mon vejaire	30210–19
116	163.1	Dins sa maizo s’eschai	30278–307
117	225.7	Trop fai son dan dona que.s don ricor	30331–38
118	355.13	Dona promet e don’estrai	30369–77
119	47.6	lih no promet ni autreja	30403–11
120	10.2	Quar no sab, a ma semblansa	30425–32
121	163.1	Donas, qui.us ve vezer	30461–500
122	30.18	A dona non eschai beutatz	30510–18
123	461.86	D’ome foll ni desconoichen	30538–45
124	461.86	Mas qui vol entieira lauzor	30557–64
125	406.12	Be vol qu’om gen la cortei	30574–82
126	106.18	En re, al meu escien	30600–30610
127	10.41	Per sso.m so.ilh mal qu’ieu n’ai piazen	30627–34
128	163.1	Seguon qu’orne veiretz	30641–78
129	10.23	Domna, per vos estauc en greu torment	30696–719
130	70.1	Ben s’eschai a domn’ ardimens	30727–30
131	364.11	E fa.s temer plus de griu	30739–48
132	370.3	E fin’ amors no manda ges cauzir	30764–72
133	11.2	Domna, be sai qu’a vostra valor gran	30782–89
134	392.19	Vilas es et otracujatz	30807–17
135	30.15	Domna, per gran temensa	30837–46
136	30.3	Vos valetz tan que cre que conoscatz	30856–62
137	406.7	Que qui trop mais que no val	30882–84
138	297.1	Cell que ditz qu’ell leialmen	30909–15
139	63.6	Pro sab e ben es apres	30969–79
140	293.31	Domna no sab d’amor fina	30995–1001
141	392.19	Be pot hom en autruis foudatz	31068–78
142	155.11	Qu’ells falhimens d’autrui tanh qu’om se mir	31081–82
143	375.3	Astrucs es cell cui amors ten joios	31104–12
144	305.14	Eja de lieis bes no.m venha	31163–71
145	392.2	Anc non amet tanautquomhieu negus	31177–84
146	335.6	Aquestas gens, quan son en lur guaieza	31199–206
147	225.10	Mas hieu non die sia enamoratz	31223–31
148	225.10	Pero a mi no sobret volontatz	31243–51
149	461.134	Gran dezir hai de ben jazer	31267–74
150	225.10	Quar ges li pro, el terns que n’es passatz	31302–10
151	167.15	Mans drutz i ha e domnas, si.n parlatz	31324–33
152	167.15	Chant e deport, joi, domnei e solatz	31343–52
153	335.50	Amors, qui la semeness	31370–78
154	397a.1	Qui vol jauzir de donas e d’amor	31426–33
155	461.149	Luocs es qu’om chan e que s’en lais	31445–48
156	461.87	Domna, Dieus mi sal vos e la vostra valor	31460–65
157	70.1	Bona domna, vostre cors gens	31473–80
158	16.9	Destreitz d’amors, vene denan vos	31508–39
159	355.3	Er ai ben d’amor apres	31564–87
160	366.33	La nueg quan sui anatz jazer	31604–11
161	356.4	Ailass!—Que.t planhs?—Ja tem morir	31619–34
162	32.1	Be volgra midons saubes	31643–86
163	341.1	Messier Matfre, pus de cosseilh	31693–712
164	297.2	Cumpair’, en aitan quo.l soleilh	31714–23
165	366.13	Be vuelh s’amor, mas querre non l’aus ges	31733–39
166	461.101	E donez que val aquest amars	31768–75
167	70.31	Bela domna, re no.us deman	31780–87
168	70.26	Mal o fara, si no.m manda	31800–31806
169	364.30	A drut de bona dona tanh	31821–28
170	106.18	Pero chantan e rizen	31836–46
171	155.16	Pero, quan failh cell qu’es pros ni prezatz	31888–89
172	461.210	Qui enten en amar	31970–72
173	10.15	Enquaras truep mais de bes en amor	31977–84
174	173.3	Quar dobla valors	31989–92
175	461.98	Dos gratz conquer hom ab .i. do	32000–32006
176	376.1	Qui gran cor ha de larguejar	32018–25
177	unidentified	Qui mai despen que no guazanha	32029–30
178	392.19	Ja horns pres ni desbaratatz	32040–50
179	461.123b	Fraire, tot lo sen e.l saber	32052–61
180	225.11	Dieus, quo pot haver sufrensa	32073–81
181	225.13	Homes trob’ om lares e mal conoichens	32097–104
182	124.10	Joios son hieu et hai mestier	32116–25
183	406.20	Pauc val qui non es emvejos	32129–32
184	461.21	Amors vol drut cavalguador	32135–45
185	364.17	Be.s tanh qu’ieu si’ arditz	32148–49
186	364.18	D’ardimen valh Rotlan ez Olivier	32153–58
187	106.2	A faire gran vassalatge	32173–83
188	106.2	Temerdeu om vilanatge	32189–91
189	406.20	E per amor es om cortes	32197–99
190	293.32	Qui ses bauzia	32206–14
191	163.1	Cortezia es tais	32222–41
192	293.15	De cortezia.s pot vanar	32244–49
193	293.15	Mezura es en gen parlar	32251–56
194	364.43	Qu’om no.s deuria tarzar	32260–69
195	167.62	Tug cilh quez amo valor	32274–82
196	29.6	Re no val ergueilh d’aimador	32289–90
197	375.27	S’umilitatz la.m fai humiliar	32298–306
198	155.16	Per Dieu, amors, be sabetz veramen	32316–23
199	70.21	Per re non es hom tan prezans	32334–41
200	124.2	No sab de domnei pauc ni pro	32368–77
201	392.30	Si ja amors autre pro no.m tengues	32381–87
202	355.18	Tostems aug dir q’us jois autre n’adutz	32393–400
203	30.1	A gran honor vieu cui jois es cobitz	32409–15
204	450.3	Mas d’una re sui en greus pessamens	32425–30
205	183.11	Obediensa deu portar	32435–40
206	297.7	Retenemens es mot nobla vertutz	32447–54
207	461.132	Ges, per frachura de saber	32458–65
208	355.20	Honramens grans cre que.l n’eschai	32473–81
209	376.1	Qui som bom pretz vol tener car	32488–95
210	450.3	Ab los joios deu hom esser jauzens	32516–21
211	461.32	Atretan leu pot hom ab cortezia	32533–38.1
212	461.227	Tals conois busqu’ en l’autrui uelh	32553–62
213	163.1	Totz hom fora cortes	32564–67
214	29.9	Amors es de pretz la claus	32573–80
215	450.3	E qui.us cujatz que.us sia defendens	32591–96
216	194.19	Tan quant horn fai aquo que deu, es pros	32608–15
217	356.7	Guardatz que vos puscatz tener	32617–23
218	356.7	Qu’ab pro manjar ez ab jazer	32634–40
219	335.5	Qu’ai frug conois horn lo fruchier	32685
220	364.39	Quant horn es en autrui poder	33159–66
221	364.39	E qui vol el segle caber	33176–83
222	248.18	Conoichensa ha tans de mestiers bos	33191–97
223	364.39	Tant hai de sen e de saber	33206–13
224	30.VI	Ja non aura proeza	33218–31
225	297.4	Dregz de natura comanda	33239–49
226	225.11	On mais ha hom de valensa	33262–70
227	10.15	Bona domna, de vos tenc e d’amor	33276–83
228	70.15	Ja Dieus no.m do aquel poder	33290–96
229	30.5	Julis Sezars conquis la senhoria	33304–10
230	411.111	Us homes i a nualhos	33319–27
231	202.1	Que bos esforss malastre vens	33330
232	372.3	Ar agues hieu mil marcz de fin argen	33341–48
233	421.10	Quar sens e pretz, largueza e valors	33360–67
234	242.71	Cel es drutz truans	33489–98
235	70.1	D’una re m’aonda mos sens	33506–13
236	155.1	Quars’ieu no.m sai celar, non es razos	33514.2–3
237	461.91	Dona, no.i havetz dezonor	33522–28
238	225.10	Nulhs hom no val ni deu esser prezatz	33538–46
239	364.39	E qui pot e no vol voler	33550–57
240	71.3	Esquass no vol qu’om lo pessuc	33565–69
241	461.48	Ben es nessis e dezaventuros	33579–86
242	392.27	Mot fai gran vilanatge	33596–99
243	421.10	E per aisso vuelh sufrir las dolors	33606–13
244	421.5	Qu’aichi ve bes apress honor	33616–23
245	124.16	Anc no eugiei que per maldir	33631–38
246	366.9	Soven l’anera vezer	33648–55
247	70.1	Non es enuegz ni falhimens	33666–73
248	70.25	Ben es dretz qu’ieu planha	33681–92
249	30.23	Bona domna, paratges e ricors	33699–706
250	392.19	Hieu dic que ben es estraguatz	33714–24
251	364.4	Anc no mori per amor ni per al	33736–43
252	370.14	Si ma foudatz m’enguana ni m’ausi	33757–64
253	10.33	Qu’a mi eis dic lo plus bel prec qu’ieu pes	33770–77
254	225.13	Homes trob’ om larcs e mal conoichens	33853–55
255	132.4	Ben deu hom son bo senhor	33911–18
256	132.4	Atressi.s deu hom d’amor	33921–28
257	10.12	Atressi.m pren quo fai al joguador	33947–54
258	167.56	S’om pogues partir so voler	33962–71
259	297.6	Mens la pres que volp en estieu	34083–90
260	380.2	Per oblidar cela que pus m’agensa	34143–49
261	106.22	E senhers qu’adess vol traire	34169–72
262	461.155	Hieu am midons de bona guiza	34210–17
263	335.7	Mas deu hom amar vencedor	34277–86
264	335.38	Horns, quar no.t sove	34298–312
265	335.11	Ben tenc per foll e per muzart	34326–45
266	335.11	Tals se cuja calfar que s’art	34509
267	335.48	Que Dieus te son arc tendut	34535–39

 

 

APPENDIX 12

Troubadour Quotations in De vulgari eloquentia in Relation to the Preceding Tradition of Quotation

This appendix lists in PC order the incipits quoted by Dante as they appear in Botterill’s edition and indicates their place and role in Dante’s text. It then indicates other quotations of this same incipit, song, and troubadour. The order in which entries are listed in the last three columns is that of Appendix 1: (1) grammars (in chronological order), (2) novas of Raimon Vidal, (3) biographies, (4) the Breviari d’amor, (5) any other quotations, and (6) florilegia included in Appendix 2.

 

 

APPENDIX 13

Troubadour Quotations in Berenguer d’Anoia’s Mirall de trobar

Quotations in the order they appear in the Mirall. The numbers in the first column are those assigned by Alcover in his edition.

 

 

APPENDIX 14

Troubadour Quotations in Guilhem Molinier’s Leys d’amors

Comparison between the use of troubadour quotations, and mentions of the troubadours, in the 1341 and the 1356 prose redactions of the Leys. Reference is by volume and page number in the two editions. That by Gatien-Arnoult of the earlier redaction prints its five books in three volumes (books 1 and 2 in vol. 1, book 3 in vol. 2, and books 4 and 5 in vol. 3); Anglade’s edition prints each of the three books of the later redaction in a separate volume.

 

 

APPENDIX 15

Comparison Between Passages from Albertano da Brescia and the 135 6 Redaction of the Leys d’amors

Sentences are numbered for ease of comparison; bold typeface is used to pick out the skeleton of the argument, which is then fleshed out with quotations.

PASSAGE A

Alberta no da Brescia, Liber de doctrina dicendi et tacendi, ed. Paola Navone, pp. 24–26.	Guilhem Molinier’s adaptation in Las leys d’amors, ed. Anglade, 1:91–92.
[1] Item requiras utrum inspienti an sapienti loquaris.	[1] De parlar am fol se deu hom gardar,
[2] Ait enim Salomon: “In auribus insipientium ne loquaris, quia despicient doctrinam eloquii tui.”	[2] quar Salamos ditz que hom no deu parlar am fol home, quar hom que es fols no troba plazers en bonas paraulas ni en bona doctrina.
[3] Et iterum: “Vir sapiens si cum stulto contenderit, sive irascitur sive rideat, non inveniet requiem.	[3] En autre loc ditz: “savis horns que conten o s’iraysh o ri o ganha am fol no trobara repaus.”
[4] Et iterum: Non recipit stultus verba prudentie, nisi ea dixeris que versantur corde suo.”	[4] Encaras ditz enayssi: “le fols no recep paraulas de savieza, mas be pren e recep qui li ditz so que porta en son cor.”
[5] Et Jesus Sirac dixit: “Cum dorm ien te loquitur qui narrat stulto sapientiam et in fine narratonis dicet ‘Quis est hic?’”	[5] Jesus Sirac ditz: “qui reconta paraulas de saviez a fol ayssi es cum parlar am cel que dorm.”
[6] Item requiras ne cum irrisore loquaris.	[6] Amb hom janglayre, estribotayre ni escarnidor no deu hom gayre parlar,
[7] Scriptum est enim: “Cum irrisore consortium non habeas, loquele eius assiduitatem quasi toxica fugias. Societas eius cui laqueus est, alternaque affabilitas despectio.”	[7] quar escriut es que am escarnidor ne deu hom aver companhia, ans enayssi co hom fug a tueyshec et a vere, deu hom fugir a sas paraulas;
[8] Et Salomon dixit: “Noli arguere irrisorem, ne te oderit. Argue sapientem et diliget te.”	[8] e per so ditz Salamos: “No vuelhas reprendre escarnidor per que no t’haja en odi ni t’escarnissca; repren lo savi et aquel te amera.”
[9] Et Seneca dixit: “Qui corripit irrisorem ipse sibi iniuriam facit. Qui arguit impium ipse sibi maculam querit.”	[9] E Seneca ditz: “qui repren escarnidor enjuria fa a si meteysh, quar qui repren fol serca quo sia sulhatz e vil tengutz.”
[10] Item requiras ne cum linguoso vel loquaci colloquium habeas.	[10] Amb hom parlier e lengos no deu hom gayre parlar.
[11] Ait enim propheta: “Vir linguosus non dirigetur in terra.”	[11] Le propheta David: “homs lengos no sera endressatz en terra.”
[12] Et Jesus Sirac dixit: “Terribilis est in civitate sua homo linguosus et temerarius in verbo suo odibilis erit.”	[12] Jesus Sirac: “fols homs e lengos es cauza mot terribbla en ciutat,” e d’aytal ditz que en sas paraulas sera mot odios.
[13] Et iterum: “Qui odit loquacitatem extinguit malitiam.”	[13] El meteysh “qui azira locacitat, so es parlaria, escantish maleza.”
[14] Et alibi idem dixit: “Cum viro linguoso non loquaris nec in ignem illius struas ligna.”	[14] En autre loc ditz: “Am home lengos no vuelhas parlar si.l sieu foc no vols alucar.”
[15] Et alibi idem ait: “Ne cum fatuis consilium habeas: non enim poterunt diligere nisi que eis placent.”	[15] Encaras ditz: “Amb homes nescis e fatz not.1 vuelhas acosselhar, quar no aman mas so que lor platz, so es folia.”
[16] Item requires ne cum cinicis multum loquaris.	[16] Amb homes entercz, natres e regancz no deu hom gayre parlar.
[17] Ait enim Tullius: “Ratio cinicorum penitus abicienda est.”	[17] Aytals homes regancz appella Tullis cinicis,
[18] “Cinos” grece, latine dicitur “canis”; inde “cinici” dicuntur latrantes ut canes.	[18] quar cinos en grec vol dire ci. Et per so ditz Tullis que de la razo ni del parlar d’aytals homes cinicis, entercz, natres e regancz e tot jorn layrans a maniera de ca no deu hom curar;
[19] De quibus et similibus Dominus dixit: “Nolite proicere margaritas inter porcos.”	[19] e sembla que en aysso hajan loc las paraulas de Jhesu nostre Salvayre: “no vuelhatz semenar margaridas, so es peyras preciozas, entre porcz.

PASSAGE B

De ira vitanda in consiliis (Albertano da Brescia, Liber consolationis et consilii, chap. 12).	De las cauzas qu’om deu esquivar en cosselh (ed. Anglade, 1:147–48).
[1] Primo itaque provideas, ne iratus vel ab irato consilium petas;	[1] Primieramen osta de te ira e d’aquel o d’aquels que volras per cosselhiers. Quar hom que.s carga d’ira e vol cosselh d’ome irat aytals cosselhs a penas pot haver bona fi per motas bonas razos.
[2] et hoc multis rationibus: prima, quia iratus semper plus putat posse facere, quam possit, et ideo posse suum superat;	[2] La primiera quar hom qu’es iratz mays cuja far que non pot.
[3] scriptum est enim:	[3] Et enayssi passa e sobremonta son poder e per conseguen mes fa; per que ditz Seneca enayssi: Qui plus posse putat, sua quam natura ministrat, Qui plus posse putat sua quam natura ministrat
Posse suum superans, se minus esse potest.	Posse suum superans se minus ipse potest.
	Soes a dire:
	Qui de far mays a cura
	Que no ha per natura,
	Per cug son poder passa,
	Don cove que mens fassa.
[4] Secunda vero ratione, quia “iratus nil nisi criminis loquitur [loco],” ut Seneca dixit; et ita te et alios ad iram cito provocares, nam “lex videt iratum, iratus non videt illam.”	[4] La segonda razos: quar qui es iratz e corrossatz a penas parlara tempradamen, mas braydivamen e de cauza mala e criminoza blaspheman, maldizen e condempnan.
[5] Tertia vero ratione, quia ira impedit animum; quare Cato dixit:	[5] La tersa razo pauza Cato enayssi: “Can seras iratz, no cotendas de cauza no certa, quar ira enpacha lo coratge d’ome et tant que.l tol a vezer la vertat.” L’Actors:
Iratus de re incerta contendere noli:	Iratz que de no cert conten
	la vertat no ve claramen
Ira impedit animum, ne possit cernere verum.	quar ira fa la pessa trista
	e al coratge tol la vista.

 

 

APPENDIX 16

Petrarch’s “Lasso me”

The text follows the edition by Bettarini (Canzoniere, no. 70). As in Appendix 9, italics are used to mark the quoted incipits, and their authors are identified following the translation in the facing column.

5	Lasso me, ch’ i’ non so in qual parte pieghi la speme, ch’ è tradita omai piú volte: che se non è chi con pietà m’ascolte, perché sparger al ciel sí spessi preghi? Ma s’egli aven ch’ ancor non mi si nieghi finir anzi ’l mio fine queste voci meschine, non gravi al mio signor perch’ io il ripreghi di dir libero un ditra l’erba e i fiori:	Alas, weary me, for I do not know where to direct the hope that has now been betrayed so many times. For if there is no one to offer me an ear of pity, why cast so many prayers to heaven? But if it should come about that I am not refused an end, before my end, to these wretched words, may it not grieve my lord that I beg him once more to say one day, free in the grass and flowers, “It’s right and just that I should sing and feel pleasure.”
10	“Drez et rayson es qu’ieu ciant em demori.”	[?]
15	Ragion è ben ch’alcuna volta io canti, però ch’ ò sospirato sí gran tempo, che mai non incomincio assai pertempo per adequar col riso i dolor’ tanti. E s’io potesse far ch’agli occhi santi porgesse alcun dilecto qualche dolche mio detto, o me beato sopra gli altri amanti! Ma piú, quand’ io dirò senza mentire:	There is good reason that I should sing sometimes, since I have been sighing for so long that I could never start soon enough to compensate for my many woes with laughter. If I could only make those holy eyes take some delight from some sweet saying of mine, how blessed would I be above all lovers! But more so, were I to say truthfully: “A lady asks me, and so I wish to compose.”
20	“Donna mi priegha, per ch’io voglio dire.”	[Guido Cavalcanti]
25	Vaghi pensier’ che così passo passo scorto m’avete a ragionar tant’ alto, vedete che madonna à ’I cor di smalto, sí forte, ch’io per me dentro nol passo. Ella non degna di mirar sí basso che de nostre parole curi, ché ’I ciel non vòle al qual purcontrastando i’ son già lasso: onde, com nel cor m’induro e ‘naspro	You wandering thoughts that, as though step by step, have led me to reason so loftily, you can see that my lady has a heart of enamel so hard that, on my own, I cannot penetrate within it. She does not deign to look down low enough to care about our words, for heaven does not wish it, and I am weary now from battling against it: and from all this, as my heart grows hard and harsh, so likewise in my speech I wish to be harsh.
30	cosí nel mio parlar voglio esser aspro.	[Dante Alighieri]
35	Che parlo? O dove sono? E chi m’inganna altri ch’ io stesso e’l desïar soverchio? Già s’ i’ trascorro il ciel di cerchio in cerchio, nessun pianeta a pianger mi condanna; se mortal velo il mioveder appanna, che colpa è de le stelle o de le cose belle? Meco si sta chi dí e notte m’ affanna, poi che del suo piacer me fe’ gir grave	What am I saying? or where am I? and who deceives me more than I myself, and my excessive desire? Even if I scour the heaven from sphere to sphere, no planet condemns me to lament. If a mortal veil covers my sight, what fault is it of the stars or of the things of beauty? The force that torments me day and night dwells within me, since the sweet sight of her and her soft and lovely glance overburden me with pleasure.
40	la dolce vista e ’I bel guardo soave.	[Cino da Pistoia]
45	Tutte le cose di che ’l mondo è adorno uscîr buone de man del mastro eterno; ma me, che cosí adentro non discerno abbaglia il bel che mi si mostra intorno; et s’ al vero splendor già mai ritorno, l’occhio non pò starfermo: cosí l’a fatto infermo pur la sua propria colpa, e non quel giorno ch’ i’ volsi inver l’angelica beltade	All things adorning the world with their beauty came forth good from the Master’s hand, but I who cannot see so deeply within am dazzled by the beauty showing itself all about; and if I ever again turn back to the true light my eyes will not be able to withstand it, so weak have they become by their own fault and not by that of the day when I turned them toward her angelic beauty in the sweet season of my youthful age.
50	nel dolce tempo de la prima etade.	[Francesco Petrarca]

 

 

APPENDIX 17

Key to Sigla of the Principal Manuscripts Discussed in This Book

For transcriptions and facsimiles consulted, see the “Primary Texts” section of the Bibliography

BREVIARI D’AMOR

G	Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Hs 2583. Ca. 1350, Languedoc.
M	Madrid, Escurial, Biblioteca de San Lorenzo, S.I.3. Ca. 1350, Languedoc.
N	St. Petersburg, National Library of Russia, Hisp. F. v. XIV. 1. Ca.1320, Lerida (scribe from Avignon).

NOVAS

D, G, J, L, N, R, r: see “Troubadour chansonniers,” below.

a1	Archives départementales, Perpignan. Occitan fragment, now lost, published by Alart, “Un fragment.”
a2	Fragment published by Moliné i Brasés, “Textes catalans-provençals.”
π	Florence, Biblioteca Riccardiana, 2756.

OCCITAN TREATISES OF GRAMMAR AND POETICS

A	Florence, Biblioteca Laurenziana, Aedilium 187. Thirteenth century, Italian. Also contains medical texts in French and Italian.
B	Florence, Biblioteca Laurenziana, XLI.42. Early fourteenth century, northern Italian. (= Occitan chansonnier P; also contains an Occitan-Italian word list).
C	Florence, Biblioteca Riccardiana, 2814. Late sixteenth-century Italian copy of a lost thirteenth-century manuscript (= Occitan chansonnier a).
D	Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, D. 465. Late sixteenth-century Italian miscellany; the Donatz is followed by a different rhyme list from that in ABL; also contains two Italian translations of the Donatz.
H	Barcelona, Biblioteca Central, 239. Late fourteenth century, Catalan. The largest and most important collection of Occitan treatises.
L	New York, Pierpont Morgan Library, MS M 831. End thirteenth/beginning fourteenth century, Italian. Also contains a fragment of a different rhyme list from the Donatz.
R	Barcelona, Archiva de la Corona de Aragón, Ripoll 129. Mid-fourteenth-century Catalan miscellany from the monastery of Santa Maria de Ripoll, which includes Augustine’s Palma; the treatises are followed by nineteen Catalan poems.

TROUBADOUR CHANSONNIERS

(All sigla are explicated in Pillet-Carstens and in the BEdT.)

A	Vatican, Biblioteca Vaticana, Lat. 5232. Late thirteenth century, northern Italian.
a	Florence, Biblioteca Riccardiana, 2814. Sixteenth-century paper manuscript (“the chansonnier of Bernart Amoros”). = Grammar manuscript C.
B	Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, fr. 1592. Late thirteenth century. Origin debated: probably Occitan, but copied by an Italian scribe from an Italian model; might be Italian.
C	Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, fr. 856. Fourteenth century, Occitan, region of Toulouse.
Cm	Castagnolo Minore, Archivio Parrocchiale. Fragment of a florilegium.
D	Modena, Biblioteca Estense, alpha, R, 4, 4. Mid-thirteenth century in its oldest part, northern Italian. D comprises several elements including D proper (fos. 1–151), Da (fos. 152–216) and Dc (fos. 243–60). Da is the oldest part of the manuscript (1254), compiled for Alberico da Romano. Dc is the florilegium of Ferrarino da Ferrara.
E	Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, fr. 1749. Fourteenth century. Like B, disputed between Occitania and Italy.
e	Vatican, Biblioteca Vaticana, Barb. Lat. 3965. Eighteenth-century Italian paper manuscript.
F	Vatican, Biblioteca Vaticana, , Chigi L.IV.106. Fourteenth century, northern Italian. The section referred to as Fa is the florilegium that extends from 13r to 62r.
G	Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, R. 71 Sup. Fourteenth century, northern Italian, contains music.
H	Vatican, Biblioteca Vaticana, Lat. 3207. Last third of thirteenth century, northern Italian.
I	Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, fr. 854. Thirteenth century, northern Italian.
J	Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale, Conventi Soppressi F.IV.776. Fourteenth century. Copied in eastern Languedoc (Nîmes?), but from Italian sources.
K	Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, fr. 12473. Thirteenth century, northern Italian.
L	Vatican, Biblioteca Vaticana, Lat. 3206. Fourteenth century, northern Italian.
N	New York, Pierpont Morgan Library, M. 819. Fourteenth century, northern Italian.
N2	Berlin, Staatsbibliotek, Phillipps 1910. Sixteenth century.
P	Florence, Biblioteca Laurenziana, XLI.42. = Grammar manuscript B.
Q	Florence, Biblioteca Riccardiana, 2909. Fourteenth century, northern Italian.
R	Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, fr. 22543. Copied in the region of Toulouse, first quarter of the fourteenth century, for the court of Rodez. The only Occitan manuscript to contain music.
r	Florence, Biblioteca Riccardiana, 294. Fragment. Italian.
Sg	Barcelona, Biblioteca de Catalunya, 146. Fourteenth century, Catalan.

TROUBADOUR CHANSONNIERS

As individual manuscripts are not discussed in this book I refer the reader to the conventional sigla listed in Raynaud-Spanke, 1–6.