Common Speech Situations 9
Finding a Neighbor-Serving Speech Topic 12
Defining Audiences by Common Human Experiences 14
MAIN IDEA Requirements 17
Negative Consequences of Excessive Speech Apprehension 23
Benefits of Speech Apprehension 24
Common Causes of Panic While Speaking 26
Ways of Organizing Speech Content 34
An Audience-Serving Introduction 35
An Audience-Serving Conclusion 36
Common Criticisms of Speakers 41
An Extemporaneous Speech Outline 42
Advantages of Extemporaneous over Manuscript Speaking 42
Advantages of Using Index Cards for Q&A 51
Common Situations That Can Offend Audiences 53
Defining “Christian Speech” in Terms of Biblical Themes 63
Questions to Discuss for Biblical Themes about Communication 63
Checklist for Topical Research 70
Checklist for Audience Adaptation 71
Checklist for Audience Research 72
Initial Online Research 76
Citing Sources and Using Quotations in Speeches 83
Tough Questions Regarding Truthful Speaking 87
Avoiding Deceptive Use of Sources 88
Common Types of Unkind Speech 99
Common Types of Bad Speech 99
Tropes—Unusual, Symbolic Uses of Words 106
Common Schemes—Unusual Ordering of Words 107
Stylized Language 107
Common Vocal Problems 108
Managing Nonverbals 113
General Forms of Informative Speeches 119
Benefits of Learning How to Tell Stories 126
Telling a Story Well 132
Aristotle’s Three Means of Persuasion 135
Types of Reasoning (or Argument) 137
Making a Logical Argument 137
Types of Secondary Evidence 138
Monroe’s Five-Step Motivated Sequence Applied to an Evangelistic Speech Situation 140
Common Speech Fallacies 144
Using Love in Emotional Appeals 152
Evoking Emotions in Speeches 153
Introducing a Speaker 157
Impromptu Speech 158
Celebratory Speech 161
Augustine’s Wordplay—Pleasing or Silly? 163
When to Speak Up in Society 169
Common Group Presentation Contexts 179
Group Presentations 186
Technology Options 192
When to Use PowerPoint 194
Rules for Using PowerPoint 195
Possible Handout Elements 196
Tips for Voice Amplification 198
Common Uses for Video Speaking 201
Personal Video 202
Meeting Video 203
Stage Video 203
Advantages of Video 204
Video Lighting 207
Video Attire 207