Illustrations

PHOTOGRAPHS

1.1. People with disabilities on steps, ca. 1907

2.1. Charles Tripp, “The Armless Wonder,” 1885

2.2 Maximo and Bartola, “Ancient Aztecs,” ca. 1885

2.3. Eisenmann with Colonel Goshen, ca. 1885

2.4. Fraudulent conjoined twins, ca. 1900

2.5. Gaff, woman with missing legs, ca. 1890

2.6. Dwarf and giant juxtaposed, ca. 1889

2.7. Ann E. Leak Thompson, “The Armless Wonder,” ca. 1884

2.8. Ann E. Leak Thompson and family, 1884

2.9. Chang and Eng with two of their sons, ca. 1870

2.10. Eli Bowen with his family, ca. 1890

2.11. Frances O’Connor, “armless wonder,” ca. 1932

2.12. “Tom Thumb, Wife & Child,” ca. 1868

2.13. Mr. Horvath with his “midget troupe,” ca. 1900

2.14. Princess Wee-Wee, 1910

2.15. “Human Skeleton,” ca. 1889

2.16. “The Ancient Ethics,” ca. 1890

2.17. Outside talker for “Aztecs from Mexico,” 1910

2.18. Max Klass, manager of “Ancient Aztecs,” 1910

2.19. “Pigmy’s from Abyssinnia [sic],” ca. 1935

2.20. “Kiko and Sulu, Pinheads from Zanzibar,” ca. 1935

2.21. Kiko and Sulu dressed up, ca. 1935

2.22. Olof Krarer, “The Little Esquimaux Lady,” ca. 1890

3.1. John Rose, beggar in goat cart, ca. 1910

3.2. Harry Petry, ca. 1926

3.3. Nathan P. Van Luvanee, 1875

3.4. A. Souslin, ca. 1908

3.5. Marion Souslin, ca. 1908

3.6. Blind woman with child, ca. 1907

3.7. “George Harton, Cripple for Life,” ca. 1907

3.8. Theordore Peters, ca. 1914

3.9. Barney Brooks, ca. 1909

3.10. George Washington, ca. 1924

3.11. Civil war veterans’ begging card, ca. 1869

3.12. Daniel Rose, “Expert Whittler,” ca. 1925

3.13. Daniel Rose in a wheelchair with his sister, ca. 1925

3.14. Man with a sign, “Please Help the Blind,” ca. 1908

3.15. “W. C. Williams One Arm One Man Band,” ca. 1914

3.16. Richard New, ca. 1914

3.17. L. J. Bogart, ca. 1912

3.18. Max Engel and his dog, Carlo, ca. 1895

3.19. Fred Vaillancourt, ca. 1907

3.20. Milton Clewell, Merry Christmas card, ca. 1924

3.21. L. D. Sine, “Gift Enterprises,” ca. 1869

3.22. “L. W. Prettyman, Shut-in-Magazine Man,” ca. 1920

3.23. John Concilio, organ grinder, ca. 1911

3.24. Billy McGogan, peanut vendor, ca. 1910

4.1. Kenny Foundation poster child, ca. 1947

4.2. Fund-raising card for orphanage for “crippled children,” 1909

4.3. Robert Young with a poster child, 1955

4.4. Easter Seals poster child, 1958

4.5. Easter Seals fund-raising postcard, 1963

4.6. March of Dimes poster child, 1949

4.7. Easter Seals poster child, ca. 1971

4.8. Jerry Lewis with national poster child, ca. 1966

4.9. “Your Help Is Their Hope” card with “Jerry’s Kids,” ca. 1970

4.10. Elvis Presley with March of Dimes poster child, 1957

4.11. March of Dimes fund-raiser with Marilyn Monroe, 1958

4.12. Mrs. Calvin Coolidge with disabled World War I veteran, 1923

4.13. President Calvin Coolidge with World War I disabled veteran, ca. 1923

4.14. President and Mrs. Roosevelt receiving veterans, 1936

4.15. Vice President Nixon in March of Dimes campaign, ca. 1954

4.16. “T’ank you” from Gary, Capper Foundation, ca. 1965

4.17. Camp Daddy Allen “thank you” postcard, 1947

4.18. Shriner before-and-after photographs, 1937

5.1. Administration building, Minnesota State Asylum, ca. 1914

5.2. Main building, Northern Illinois Insane Asylum, 1911

5.3. Administration building, Kansas State Hospital for the Insane, ca. 1910

5.4. Cottage, Illinois General Hospital for the Insane, ca. 1910

5.5. Main building, New York State Custodial Asylum for Feeble-Minded Women, ca. 1906

5.6. View of an asylum from a distance, ca. 1908

5.7. Bird’s eye view, Hospital for the Insane, West Virginia, ca. 1909

5.8. Fountain at insane asylum in Oregon, ca. 1907

5.9. Gate at the entrance to an asylum in West Virginia, ca. 1910

5.10. Ward 3, Gowanda State Hospital, ca. 1909

5.11. Holiday season on the hospital ward, Gowanda State Hospital, ca. 1909

5.12. Syracuse State School for Mental Defectives, 1922

5.13. Flag raising, Syracuse State School for Mental Defectives, 1921

5.14. Residents canning tomatoes, Syracuse State School for Mental Defectives, 1922

5.15. Administration building, Letchworth Village, 1935

5.16. Girls in class reading, Letchworth Village, 1935

5.17. Girls working on looms, Letchworth Village, 1933

5.18. “End of the Day,” Letchworth Village, 1937

5.19. Ward interior, 1965

5.20. Ward interior, 1965

5.21. Ward interior, 1965

6.1. “Case C. Cretinoid,” 1904

6.2. “Sixth of a family of seventeen. Feeble-minded,” 1956

6.3. “Case F …,” “Moral Imbecile—Low Grade,” 1904

6.4. “Low-grade microcephalic imbecile,” 1930

6.5. “Case 324. Hattie, Age 23. Mentally 3,” 1914

6.6. “Making head measurements in a mental examination,” 1912

6.7. “Case D,” “Ademona Sebaceum,” 1904

6.8. “Case B,” “Profound, Excitable Idiot,” 1920

6.9. “Brain of imbecile” and “brain of low-grade imbecile,” 1947

6.10. “A mischievous, excitable imbecile,” 1916

6.11. “Case C,” “Mongolian Type,” 1904

6.12. “Ear Anomalies,” 1947

6.13. “Constitutional inferiority,” 1918

6.14. “Mongol hands,” 1916

6.15. “Idiots—Superficial Apathetic,” 1904

6.16. Hydrocephalic individuals juxtaposed with microcephalic individual, 1904

6.17. “Asylum Mongol” and “Racial Mongol,” 1924

6.18. “A Mongolian showing fissures of the tongue,” 1928

6.19. “A Group of Mongolian Imbeciles,” 1918

6.20. “A group of Mongols,” 1947

6.21. “A cretin imbecile, Age, 39 years,” 1916

6.22. “Idiots: Profound Apathe [sic],” 1920

6.23. “Idiots: Superficial Excitable,” 1920

6.24. “Imbeciles: High Grade,” 1920

6.25. “The stupid and the brilliant,” 1930

6.26. “Echolalia,” 1904

6.27. “Case D. Idiot Savant,” 1920

6.28. “A home that should be broken up,” 1917

6.29. Children of Guss Saunders, with their grandmother, 1912

6.30. Great-grandchildren of “Old Sal,” 1912

6.31. “Deborah Kallikak,” 1912

7.1. Sunshine dwarf bakers, 1939

7.2. Buster Brown, ca. 1914

7.3. Dwarf playing Buster Brown, ca. 1914

7.4. Johnny of “Call for Philip Morris,” ca. 1940

7.5. Mr. and Mrs. Bregant selling Woodward’s candy, ca. 1908

7.6. Robert Wadlow and his father, ca. 1939

7.7. Artificial leg advertisement, ca. 1891

7.8. Forster Artificial Limbs advertisement, ca. 1907

7.9. Before-and-after photos for prosthetic device advertisement, ca. 1900

7.10. Before-and-after photos for prosthetic device advertisement, ca. 1919

7.11. Prosthetic device salesperson, ca. 1909

7.12. Prosthetic limbs advertisement, 1904

7.13. Wheelchair advertisement, ca. 1910

7.14. Dr. Clark’s Spinal Apparatus, 1878

7.15. Advertisement for Dr. Brown’s eye treatments, 1909

7.16. Advertisement for cure for infantile paralysis, 1910

7.17. John Till advertising card, ca. 1910

7.18. John Till’s patients, ca. 1909

7.19. Patients waiting outside the clinic for John Till, ca. 1909

8.1. Lon Chaney in The Hunchback of Notre Dame, 1923

8.2. Fredrick March in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, 1931

8.3. Lon Chaney, ca. 1928

8.4. Lon Chaney in Phantom of the Opera, 1925

8.5. Phantom of the Opera, 1925

8.6. Frankenstein’s monster with Fritz, 1931

8.7. The Body Snatcher, 1945

8.8. Poster for Freaks, 1932

8.9. Lionel Atwill in The House of Wax, 1933

8.10. Rondo Hatton in The Pearl of Death, ca. 1944

8.11. Poster for Psycho, 1960

8.12. Lon Chaney in The Penalty, 1920

8.13. Lon Chaney in The Penalty, 1920

8.14. Lon Chaney in West of Zanzibar, 1928

8.15. Lon Chaney Jr. in Of Mice and Men, 1939

8.16. Captain Ahab straddling Moby Dick, 1956

8.17. Wallace Beery in Treasure Island, 1934

8.18. Shirley Temple playing Heidi, 1937

8.19. Edith Fellows and Leo Carrillo in City Streets, 1938

8.20. Beware of Pity, 1946

8.21. Dorothy with the Munchkins in The Wizard of Oz, 1939

8.22. Peter Sellers playing Dr. Strangelove, 1964

9.1. Gertrude Kasebier, “Dorothy,” 1903

9.2. Paul Strand, “Photograph—New York,” 1916

9.3. Garry Winogrand, “American Legion Convention, Dallas, Texas, 1964”

9.4. Mary Ellen Mark, from Ward 81, 1979

9.5. Mary Ellen Mark, from Ward 81, 1979

9.6. Mary Ellen Mark, from Ward 81, 1979

9.7. Robert D’Alessandro, “Fourteenth Street, NYC, 1971”

9.8. Robert D’Alessandro, “Flushing, NY, 1972”

10.1. Young man who has cerebral palsy with family, ca. 1890

10.2. Child with Down syndrome, ca. 1910

10.3. Man in wheelchair at desk, ca. 1908

10.4. Developmentally disabled young man on the porch, ca. 1907

10.5. Woman in wheelchair with family in cornfield, ca. 1912

10.6. Man in office, ca. 1910

10.7. Man standing in field, ca. 1909

10.8. Man with missing leg in factory, ca. 1912

10.9. Picture of workers with disabled boss, ca. 1911

10.10. Band, one player with deformed limb, ca. 1914

10.11. Class picture with one child in a wheelchair, ca. 1912

10.12. High school class picture, ca. 1915

10.13. Church group with man in wheelchair, ca. 1911

10.14. Portrait of young man with cerebral palsy, ca. 1889

10.15. Girl in wheelchair with companion, ca. 1910

10.16. Buddies on vacation, ca. 1907

10.17. Studio portrait of amputee, ca. 1907

10.18. Family studio portrait, ca. 1898

10.19. Family portrait, ca. 1910

10.20. Family photo with blind people included, ca. 1914

10.21. Family outside their home, ca. 1908

10.22. Boy in wheelchair with sisters, ca. 1910

10.23. Sisters, ca. 1900

10.24. Brothers, ca. 1898

10.25. Mother holding child with Down syndrome, ca. 1890

10.26. Grandmother holding her grandchild, ca. 1908

10.27. Great-grandmother and family, ca. 1914

10.28. Mother in wheelchair with older daughter, ca. 1896

10.29. Romantic encounter, ca. 1910

10.30. Women in wheelchair with husband, ca. 1909

10.31. Teenager in braces with her dog, ca. 1910

10.32. Man in wheelchair accompanied by his dog, ca. 1916

10.33. Siblings and puppy with boy in a wheelchair, ca. 1916

10.34. Girl with disability on porch with doll, ca. 1916

10.35. Young woman with violin in wheelchair, ca. 1909

10.36. Dwarf with dead deer, 1915

10.37. Amputee rural delivery postman, ca. 1908

10.38. Farmer with his ditching plow, 1913

10.39. Brother and sister in front of their home, 1909

10.40. Brother and sister of illustration 10.39 four years later, ca. 1913

10.41. Mother with children, ca. 1909

11.1. Huckleberry Charlie at Pine Camp, New York, ca. 1908

11.2. “Horace,” ca. 1910

11.3. President Calvin Coolidge with Dan McCuin, ca. 1923

11.4. Captain Bates, ca. 1910

11.5. Mr. Shanahan with his famous dog, ca. 1909

11.6. Boy with cerebral palsy, ca. 1912

11.7. Mangebetu woman, ca. 1931

11.8. Government artificial limb shop, ca. 1918

11.9. Grand Army of the Republic members in Veterans Home, ca. 1911

11.10. Outside view of Grand Army of the Republic home, ca. 1909

11.11. African American man with crutches, ca. 1910

11.12. Studio portrait of two men, ca. 1912

11.13. Blind Willie, ca. 1912

11.14. Henry Novak, ca. 1910

11.15. “Master Handsome,” ca. 1909

11.16. Severely disabled person with loving other, ca. 1908

TABLE

5.1. Aspects of Asylums Featured in Asylum Photographs