Index

Page locators in bold indicate tables. Page locators in italics indicate figures. This index uses letter‐by‐letter alphabetization.

  • Baader‐Meinhof Gang, 593
  • bad governance trap, 165, 195, 198–199
  • balance of payments (BOP), 268–269
  • Bandit Queen (Kapoor), 400
  • Bangladesh, 349–353
  • Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), 350–351, 353
  • Bank for International Settlements (BIS), 263
  • Bargaining Problem, The, 22–23
  • Bátorfi, Béla, 145–146
  • bearing witness, 507
  • Bear Stearns, 201
  • Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (1995), 326–327
  • Big Brother Australia, 389–396
    • casting the housemates, 392
    • design of the house, 391–392
    • developing a fan base, 394–395
    • indigenization, 358, 389, 391–393
    • online experience, 395–396
    • producing Big Brother, 393–394
    • rise of popular factual entertainment, 390–391
  • Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation see Gates Foundation
  • Binford, Mira Reym, 399–400
  • bin Laden, Osama, 416, 418–422
  • biodiversity, 44, 579–580
  • biopiracy, 217
  • Bird, Larry, 177
  • BIS see Bank for International Settlements
  • black markets, 235
  • blood diamonds, 303, 341–347
  • BNP‐Paribas, 201
  • Bolivia, 537
  • Bollywood
    • Bollywood’s resistance to colonization by Hollywood, 401–402
    • Bollywood versus Hollywood, 358–359, 397–404
    • cultural imperialism, 398–404
    • dubbing, 400–401
    • globalization and media, 358–359, 397–398
    • media flow and contra‐flow, 371, 375
    • popular discourses of Hollywood/Bollywood opposition, 402–403
    • Third Cinema, 398–400
  • BOP see balance of payments
  • Boston, USA, 121–128
  • bottom billion, 165–166, 194–199
    • convergence, 198–199
    • divergence, 197–198
    • microfinance, 303
    • Millennium Development Goals, 194
    • role of growth in development, 196–199
    • traps, and the countries caught in them, 195–196
  • bourgeoisie, 11–13
  • boycotts, 343–344
  • BRAC see Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee
  • Brazil
    • Hallyu (the Korean wave), 358, 384–385, 386–388
    • medical tourism, 144
  • Brazilian Workers Party, 551
  • breast milk substitutes, 264, 284–285, 367
  • bribery, 338
  • BRIC nations, 162
  • Buddhism
    • decontextualization of Asian religious practices, 417, 450–455
    • globalized religion, 414, 415
  • Bulgaria, 142–143
  • Bumrungrad International Hospital, 143–144
  • boycotts, 343–344
  • Cali cartels, 233
  • call centres, 133–136
  • Cameroon, 198
  • CAN see Climate Action Network
  • Canada, 338–339, 408–409
  • capitalism
    • bottom billion, 195
    • cultural imperialism, 364–369
    • drivers of globalization, 3
    • global cultural economy, 91–93, 94
    • global environmentalism, 498
    • global field model, 85–86
    • globalization and media, 357
    • globalization as an analytical tool, 25
    • global justice, 24
    • impacts of globalization, 8–9
    • liberty, 11–13, 17
    • meanings of globalization, 4–5
    • microfinance, 350
    • nationalism, 586–587
    • sociology of the global system, 59–66
    • twelve assumptions of an alter‐globalization strategy, 563–567
    • world culture in the world polity, 330–331
    • world‐system theory, 49, 52–58
    • see also neoliberalism
  • carbon markets/offsets, 536
  • Casey, Liam, 171–172
  • Cassette Culture (Manuel), 401–402
  • Castro, Fidel, 399
  • Catholicism
    • abortion liberalization in world society, 252, 253–255, 257–258
    • globalized religion, 414–417
    • Global South, 431
    • religion and antiglobalization activism, 416–417, 443–449
  • causation, 85–86
  • CDM see Clean Development Mechanism
  • CDO see collateralised debt obligations
  • CEDAW see Convention for the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women
  • censorship, 14
  • Central Unica dos Trabalhadores (CUT), 552
  • CFC see chlorofluorocarbons
  • CGAP see Consultative Group to Assist the Poor
  • Chico River project, 521
  • child mortality, 41–42, 44–45, 289–290
  • children as consumers, 118–120
  • China
    • bottom billion, 197–199
    • commodity chains, 180–183
    • economic expansion, 165, 167–172
    • Guangdong province manufacturing base, 167–172
    • hybridity in Korean popular culture, 377–379
    • market fundamentalism, 216
    • outsourcing, 169–170
    • supply chain, 169, 171–172
    • United States’ sticky superpower status, 184–186
  • China Central Television (CCTV), 371, 378
  • chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), 500, 508–509, 526–530
  • Christianity
    • clash of civilizations, 36–37
    • exile, 435
    • globalized religion, 414–417, 429–436
    • Global North/South, 429–434
    • nation‐states and the state, 432–433
    • Old and New Testaments, 433–435
    • persecution and martyrdom, 434–436
    • poverty, 435–436
    • rise of Christendom, 432–436
  • CICS see computer information control system
  • citizen rights
    • abortion liberalization in world society, 252–258
    • twelve assumptions of an alter‐globalization strategy, 564–565
    • world society and the nation‐state, 78–80
  • civilizations
    • clash of civilizations, 9, 32–39
    • fault lines between civilizations, 36–37
    • first wave of globalization, 108
    • globalized Islam, 424
    • next pattern of conflict, 32–33
    • twelve assumptions of an alter‐globalization strategy, 563, 565
    • West versus the Rest, 38–39
    • why civilizations will clash, 33–36
  • civil marriages, 246
  • civil society
    • climate change, 304–312
    • corporate social responsibility, 341–347
    • female genital cutting, 302, 313–319
    • global environmentalism, 499–501
    • international nongovernmental organizations, 300–303
    • microfinance, 303, 348–353
    • multilateral anti‐corruption approach, 336–340
    • sustainable development and dam construction, 519–525
    • women’s human rights and Islam, 320–327
    • world culture in the world polity, 328–335
  • civil war
    • bottom billion, 165, 195, 198–199
    • conflict (blood) diamonds, 303, 341–347
    • organized crime, 236
  • CJA see Climate Justice Action
  • class
    • corporate culture, 472, 474–475
    • cultural imperialism, 363
    • feminine identity, 467–468
    • global markets and nation‐states, 240
    • liberty, 11–13
    • neoliberalism, 49, 70–71
    • sociology of the global system, 49, 60, 62–66
  • Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), 306, 309–310
  • Cliffhanger (Harlin), 401, 402–403
  • Climate Action Network (CAN), 305–306, 308
  • climate change/climate justice
    • burden sharing between North and South, 308–309
    • case for climate justice, 534–535
    • challenging fossil fuels and the false solutions, 535–536
    • democratic legitimacy of NGOs, 311–312
    • emissions targets, 308
    • fragmentation and diverging interests, 307–308
    • future directions, 538
    • global environmentalism, 500–501
    • globalization and civil society, 302, 304–312
    • IPCC/World Economic Forum, 500–501, 539–542
    • local versus international, 310–311
    • market mechanisms versus system change, 309–310
    • Millennium Development Goals, 44
    • number and types of NGO, 305
    • origins of climate justice, 532–534
    • social movements in the US and worldwide, 500, 531–538
    • trends in climate work, 306–307
    • United Nations summits and beyond, 536–538
  • Climate Justice Action (CJA), 533–534, 537
  • Climate Justice Now!, 305, 308, 532, 537
  • clustering see geographic clustering
  • coercion
    • global markets and nation‐states, 242–243
    • liberty, 17
    • world society and the nation‐state, 81
  • Cold War
    • clash of civilizations, 33, 35–37
    • declining authority of states, 227–228
    • history of globalization, 3, 8
  • collateralised debt obligations (CDO), 200–203
  • collective action see social movements
  • collective identity, 481–485
  • collectivism, 332
  • Colombia, 233
  • commercialization
    • media flow and contra‐flow, 370
    • microfinance, 351
    • soccer and national identity, 484
    • strategic inauthenticity, 480
  • commodification/commoditization
    • global cultural economy, 92, 94–96
    • meanings of globalization, 4–5
    • sociology of the global system, 66
  • commodity chains
    • competition, upgrading, and innovation, 176–182
    • design, advertising, and return to semiperiphery, 179–182
    • distribution, 177
    • global commodity chains, 173
    • labor, 165
    • labor and production, 177–178, 180–181
    • marketing as an upgrading strategy, 176–178
    • Nike Corporation, 164, 173–183
    • outsourcing, 176–183
    • supply chain, 178, 181
    • trends in the US athletic shoe market, 174–176, 174
  • communication
    • corporate culture, 470, 471–472
    • declining authority of states, 227–228
    • global cultural economy, 91
    • Greenpeace and political globalism, 507–508
    • second wave of globalization, 109–111
    • transnational villagers, 122
  • communism, 11–13, 33
  • Communist Manifesto, The (Marx and Engels), 11–12
  • communitarianism, 16–17
  • community
    • community rights, 579–580
    • ecological balance, 574–575, 579–580
    • spontaneous communities, 17
    • transnational villagers, 124–128
  • compassion, 447–448
  • competition
    • commodity chains, 175–182
    • global markets and nation‐states, 241–242
    • Hollywood, 411
    • mental health/illness, 155–156
    • neoliberalism, 68–71
    • soccer and national identity, 481–485
    • virtual migration, 132–133
    • world‐system theory, 54–58
  • Complete Medical Tourist, The (Hancock), 146
  • complexity, 85
  • computer information control system (CICS), 133
  • conditionality, 266–268
  • Condition of the Working Class in England, The (Engels), 13
  • conflict see war and conflict
  • conflict diamonds, 303, 341–347
  • conflict trap, 165, 195, 198–199
  • constructed primordialism, 91
  • Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP), 348, 351–352
  • consumerism and mass consumption
    • children as consumers, 118–120
    • China, 168
    • commodity chains, 174–176, 180, 183
    • consumer choice, 14–15
    • consumer discipline, 117–118
    • corporate social responsibility, 343–347
    • cosmopolitanism and humanism, 492
    • cultural imperialism, 364
    • Dubai, UAE, 138–140
    • first wave of globalization, 106
    • global cultural economy, 97–98
    • globalization as an analytical tool, 27–28
    • McDonaldization, 114–115, 118–119
    • over‐financialization and over‐globalization, 208
    • religion and antiglobalization activism, 446–447
    • sociology of the global system, 60–62, 64–66
  • containers and containerization, 274–279, 276
  • Convention for the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
    • abortion liberalization in world society, 254, 257
    • counterhegemonic globalization, 554
    • female genital cutting, 317–318
    • women’s human rights and Islam, 324, 326–327
  • Converse, 175
  • convivial de‐growth, 561
  • cooperation, 22–23
  • Copenhagen climate summit, 536–537, 559
  • core‐periphery
    • commodity chains, 173–174, 178–182
    • global cultural economy, 93
    • McDonaldization, 113
    • media flow and contra‐flow, 372
    • world‐system theory, 56–58
  • corporate culture, 469–475
    • globalization and identity, 459, 469–470
    • global work culture, 470–471
    • homogeneity/heterogeneity, 459, 470–473
    • navigating cultural terrain at work, 470–475
    • self‐discovery, 472–475
  • corporate social responsibility (CSR)
    • breast milk substitutes, 264, 284–285, 367
    • conflict (blood) diamonds, 303, 341–347
    • Global Compact (UN), 294–295, 342
    • global governance, 265
    • global norms: opportunities for conflict diamonds campaign, 343–345
    • Kimberley Process, 341, 344–347
    • social movements, 342–343
    • translating norms into practice, 345–347
    • triple bottom line, 303, 342
  • corporate sustainability, 292–296
  • corruption
    • bribery, 338
    • Global Compact (UN), 292, 295
    • globalization and civil society, 303
    • global markets and nation‐states, 242
    • information‐sharing, 340
    • money‐laundering, 336–337, 340
    • multilateral anti‐corruption approach, 336–340
    • National Integrity System, 338–339
    • organized crime, 232
    • safe havens, 339
  • cosmetic surgery, 143, 144
  • cosmopolitanism
    • cultural imperialism, 492, 494
    • dependence on locals and their shared interests, 490–491
    • extremism and religious fundamentalism, 592
    • globalization as an analytical tool, 26
    • global justice, 493
    • home and the cosmopolitan, 489–490
    • humanism, 460, 492–495
    • hybridity, 494
    • multiculturalism, 493–494
    • nationalism, 587
    • orientation and competence, 486–488
    • soccer and national identity, 484–485
    • tourism, 488–489
    • varieties of mobility, 488–489
    • world culture, 460, 486–491
  • Côte d’Ivoire, 199
  • counterhegemonic globalization, 548, 550–556
    • global and local environmentalism, 554–556
    • global justice, 550–551
    • labor as a global social movement, 552–553, 555
    • neoliberalism, 550–552, 554–556
    • new organizational foundations, 551–552
    • transnational feminist movement, 553–554
  • crime, 179–180
  • Cross‐Cultural Consumption (James), 102
  • Cruyff, Johan, 481–484
  • CSR see corporate social responsibility
  • Cuba, 151
  • Cultural Autonomy in Global Communications (Hamelink), 365–369
  • cultural imperialism, 360–369
    • advertising and branding, 358
    • Bollywood versus Hollywood, 398–404
    • cosmopolitanism and humanism, 492, 494
    • Dallas text and audience research, 357–358, 360–364
    • evangelical Protestantism, 440–441
    • globalization and media, 356–359
    • globalization as a political agenda, 29
    • Hollywood, 409–411
    • hybridity as hegemony, 374–376
    • hybridity in Korean popular culture in Asia, 382
    • impacts of globalization, 3
    • liberty, 17
    • localization/glocalization, 358, 371–373
    • media flow and contra‐flow, 358, 370–376
    • multinational capitalism and cultural homogenization, 365–369
    • subaltern flow, 358, 372–376
    • transnational telenovelas, 358, 373–375
  • cultural production see mass media
  • cultural synchronization see homogeneity/heterogeneity
  • culture
    • Big Brother Australia, 393–394
    • clash of civilizations, 35–36, 39
    • corporate culture, 470–475
    • cosmopolitanism, 460, 486–491
    • decontextualization of Asian religious practices, 450–455
    • female genital cutting, 313, 314, 318
    • first wave of globalization, 108
    • global cultural economy, 50, 90–99
    • global field model, 50, 86
    • globalized Islam, 425–427
    • Greenpeace and political globalism, 503–504
    • impacts of globalization, 3–4, 9–10
    • individualization of society and liberalization of same‐sex policy, 247–249
    • McDonaldization, 112–120
    • mental health/illness, 154–155, 158–159
    • sociology of the global system, 60–62, 64–66
    • transnational villagers, 122–123
    • women’s human rights and Islam, 321–322, 323
    • world culture in the world polity, 328–335
    • world society and the nation‐state, 73–76, 75, 79–80
    • world‐system theory, 52
  • Curitiba Declaration, 525
  • currency, 185–188, 192
  • customer services, 133–136
  • CUT see Central Unica dos Trabalhadores
  • Dalai Lama, 447–448
  • Dallas, 357–358, 360–364
  • dams
    • building of transnational linkages, 522–523
    • conflicts in dam construction, 519–520
    • genesis of the World Commission on Dams, 524–525
    • rise of domestic opposition, 520–522
    • sustainable development, 500, 519–525
    • taking on the World Bank, 523–524
  • Davos, Switzerland, 500–501, 539–542
  • De Beers, 341–347
  • debt
    • antiglobalization/alternative globalization movements, 547
    • collateralised debt obligations, 200–203
    • Millennium Development Goals, 43
    • religion and antiglobalization activism, 443–445
  • Debt Crisis Network, 444
  • decontextualization of Asian religious practices, 417, 450–455
    • flows of Asian global religious practices, 451–452
    • how practices become decontextualized, 453–454
    • meditation, 417, 450–455
    • modern fascination with the self, 452
    • psychology and meditation, 454–455
    • yoga, 417, 450–454
  • deforestation, 500, 510–518
  • deglobalization, 548, 568–572
    • alternative to the WTO regime, 569
    • critique of the WTO, 568
    • implications for global finance, 569–570
    • land reform, 570–571
    • World Social Forum, 571–572
  • democracy
    • bin Laden, Osama and radical Islamists, 422
    • global cultural economy, 95, 97
    • globalization and civil society, 311–312
    • global justice, 24
    • Haiti, 147
    • market fundamentalism, 211–212, 215
    • nationalism, 587
    • political globalization, 221
    • Porto Alegre Call for Mobilization, 582
    • twelve assumptions of an alter‐globalization strategy, 564–566
    • world citizenship, 334
  • Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), 195–196
  • democratization, 8–9, 37, 39
  • deterritorialization
    • global cultural economy, 96
    • global health governance, 282
    • globalized Islam, 423–424
    • globalized religion, 415
  • development
    • advocacy networks, 517
    • antiglobalization/alternative globalization movements, 547
    • bottom billion, 165–166, 194–199
    • climate change, 306–310
    • deglobalization and the WTO, 548, 568–572
    • ecological balance, 574–577
    • evangelical Protestantism, 439
    • Gates Foundation, 286, 288
    • global cultural economy, 93, 98
    • global health governance, 281
    • International Monetary Fund, 264, 266–272
    • market fundamentalism, 211–218
    • microfinance, 348–353
    • Millennium Development Goals, 43
    • neoliberalism, 71
    • religion and antiglobalization activism, 443–445
    • role of growth in development, 196–199
    • sociology of the global system, 63
    • structural violence, 151–152
    • transnational villagers, 124–128
    • traps, and the countries caught in them, 195–196
    • world culture in the world polity, 330–331
    • see also sustainable development
  • disorganized capitalism, 93
  • distribution chains, 177
  • division of labor, 52–53, 56–57, 232–233
  • Doctors Without Borders, 300, 316
  • DRC see Democratic Republic of Congo
  • drinking water
    • climate change/climate justice, 540
    • Gates Foundation, 290
    • Millennium Development Goals, 42–43, 44–45
    • transnational villagers, 128
  • drug trafficking, 236
  • dual citizenship, 123
  • Dubai, UAE, 104, 137–141
    • fantasy levitated, 138–139
    • gigantism, 139–140
    • visitor’s experience, 137–138
    • war zone, 140–141
  • dubbing, 400–401
  • Durban Group for Climate Justice, 532, 538
  • Durkheim, Émile, 587
  • Earth Summit, Rio de Janeiro, 573
  • Ebadi, Shirin, 326, 327
  • eco‐labelling, 514, 517–518
  • ecological balance, 573–581
    • communities, states, and corporations, 574–575
    • globalization as environmental apartheid, 575–577
    • navdanya: seeds of freedom, 571
    • Northern dumping in the South, 577–578
    • people’s movements for the protection of biodiversity and collective rights, 579–580
    • Provisions of the Panchayats, 579–580
    • Rio Earth Summit, GATT, and the WTO, 573–574
    • three waves of globalization, 574
  • ecological sensibility, 503–504, 506, 509
  • e‐commerce, 184–187
  • Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), 322
  • economic liberalization see neoliberalism
  • economic regionalism, 35–36
  • ECOSOC see Economic and Social Council
  • education
    • Gates Foundation, 286
    • globalization as humanitarian concern, 30–31
    • global justice, 24
    • Millennium Development Goals, 41, 45
  • Egyedi, Tineke, 277
  • Egypt, 317, 318
  • emissions trading, 306, 309–310
  • employment see labor
  • empowerment
    • corporate culture, 470
    • globalization and identity, 459, 467–468
    • microfinance, 353
    • Millennium Development Goals, 41, 43–44
  • endorsement strategies, 177, 179
  • Engels, Friedrich, 11–13
  • English language dominance, 407, 494
  • environmental apartheid, 575–577
  • environmentalism/environmental justice
    • advocacy networks, 500, 510–518
    • antiglobalization/alternative globalization movements, 549
    • climate change, 307
    • climate change/climate justice, 500–501, 531–538
    • counterhegemonic globalization, 554–556
    • deglobalization and the WTO, 570–571
    • ecological balance, 549, 573–581
    • Global Compact (UN), 292, 294–295
    • global environmentalism, 498–501
    • global governance, 263–264
    • Greenpeace and political globalism, 500, 502–509
    • impacts of globalization, 4
    • INGOs, NGOs, and civil society, 499–501
    • international nongovernmental organizations, 300–302
    • IPCC/World Economic Forum, 500–501, 539–542
    • Millennium Development Goals, 42–43, 44
    • ozone depletion, 500, 508–509, 526–530
    • social movements in the US and worldwide, 500, 531–538
    • sustainable development and dam construction, 500
    • twelve assumptions of an alter‐globalization strategy, 563, 566
    • world society and the nation‐state, 79
    • see also climate change
  • escape clause actions, 240–241
  • ESF see European Social Forum
  • ethics, 68, 492–495
  • ethnic cleansing, 591–592
  • ethnicity
    • clash of civilizations, 34–36
    • constructed ethnicities, 91, 97–98
    • cultural imperialism, 362–364
    • declining authority of states, 226
    • globalized Islam, 424
    • organized crime, 236
  • ethnoscapes, 93–94, 97–98
  • Euronews, 371
  • European Social Forum (ESF), 558
  • Europe/European Union
    • bottom billion, 198
    • Christianity, 430
    • corporate social responsibility, 342
    • global health governance, 283
    • globalization and media, 406–408, 410–411
    • globalized Islam, 423, 426
    • global justice, 20–21
    • global markets and nation‐states, 240–243
    • history of globalization, 2–3
    • market fundamentalism, 215–216
    • nationalism, 585–590
    • ozone depletion, 527–529
    • sustainable development and dam construction, 521–522
    • United States’ sticky superpower status, 185
  • evangelical Protestantism, 437–442
    • American evangelicalism as a transnational movement, 438–439
    • cultural imperialism, 440–441
    • globalized religion, 416, 437–438
    • Global South, 431
    • indigenization, 438, 440–441
    • language of multiculturalism, 440–441
    • language of the market, 439–440
    • unintended gospel of modernity, 441–442
  • exile, 435, 490–491
  • Explorations in Communication (McLuhan), 83
  • factory farms, 108–111
  • fair trade, 239, 242–243
  • Fatal Transactions, 343–344
  • FCTC see Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
  • female genital cutting (FGC)
    • feminism and feminist theory, 314–316, 318
    • globalization and civil society, 302, 313–319
    • health compromise, 314–316
    • privacy and violence against women, 318
    • women’s rights as human rights, 316–319
  • feminine identity, 459, 461–468
    • articulating womanhood, 465–466
    • freedom and possibility, 467
    • globalization, conflict, and self‐definition, 467–468
    • mapping a family, 462–463
    • meeting Sumitra, 461–462
    • synthesizing an identity, 466–467
    • women in the village, 463–465
  • feminism and feminist theory
    • counterhegemonic globalization, 553–554
    • female genital cutting, 314–316, 318
    • women’s human rights and Islam, 324–327
  • fetishism of the consumer, 98
  • FGC see female genital cutting
  • FIFA, 2
  • financescapes, 94
  • financial crises, 200–206
    • historical context, 162–164, 166, 200–201
    • initial economic impact, 203–204
    • International Monetary Fund, 267
    • market fundamentalism, 212–213
    • meanings of globalization, 1
    • over‐financialization and over‐globalization, 166, 207–209, 208
    • policy responses, 204–206
    • twelve assumptions of an alter‐globalization strategy, 563
    • underlying causes, 202–203
    • United States’ sticky superpower status, 187–188
  • financialization, 166, 207–209, 208
  • FOEI see Friends of the Earth International
  • follow‐the‐sun approach, 132–133
  • Foot Locker, 177
  • Ford Foundation, 286
  • foreign investment, 62, 162, 185–186
  • Fossey, John, 276
  • fossil fuels, 535–536
  • Foxconn, 167–170
  • fracking, 536
  • Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), 284–285
  • France, 410–411
  • Freedom Rising (Welzel), 586
  • free markets
    • cosmopolitanism and humanism, 494
    • ecological balance, 573–578
    • liberty, 14–15
    • over‐financialization and over‐globalization, 207–209, 208
    • Porto Alegre Call for Mobilization, 582–584
    • sociology of the global system, 60
    • world‐system theory, 54–58
  • friendliness, 116
  • Friends of the Earth International (FOEI)
    • advocacy networks, 510, 512–518
    • climate change/climate justice, 305–306, 308, 538
  • fundamentalism
  • game theory, 22–23
  • Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand, 507, 571
  • Gates Foundation
    • global health governance, 264–265, 286–290
    • grant‐making programme, 287–290, 287
    • microfinance, 351
    • technological bias, 288–290
  • GATT see General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
  • GDLP see global division‐of‐labor and power
  • GDP see gross domestic product
  • gender equality
    • counterhegemonic globalization, 553–554
    • globalization and identity, 459, 461–468
    • individualization of society and liberalization of same‐sex policy, 244–245, 248–249
    • microfinance, 353
    • Millennium Development Goals, 41, 43–44
    • Porto Alegre Call for Mobilization, 583
    • virtual migration, 135–136
    • women’s human rights and Islam, 320–321, 323–327
    • world society and the nation‐state, 76
  • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 164, 238–239, 573
  • genocide, 591–592
  • geographic clustering, 405–408
  • Ghana, 274
  • GHG see global health governance; greenhouse gases
  • Gini coefficient, 272
  • global action, 45–46
  • global citizenship, 30–31
  • global commodity chains (GCC), 173
  • Global Compact (UN), 265, 291–296
    • action where it matters most, 296
    • corporate social responsibility, 342
    • expanding the scope of corporate sustainability, 294–296
    • focus on what matters most, 295
    • global spread of sustainability, 292–294
    • going global by going local, 294
    • growth and participation, 292
    • mobilisation of significant economic players, 292–293
    • mobilising business for sustainability, 293
    • percentage of the global workforce, 293
    • reporting requirements, 296
    • share of publicly listed companies, 293
    • supporting implementation, 296
    • ten principles, 291–292, 295–296
    • widening the circle of responsibility, 294–295
    • widening the reach of sustainability, 293–294
  • global consciousness, 82–83, 107
  • global cultural economy, 50, 90–99
    • deterritorialization, 96
    • fetishism of the consumer, 98
    • framework of imagined worlds, 93–99
    • inadequacy of existing models, 92–93
    • indigenization, 91
    • McDonaldization, 91–92
    • mutual cannibalization of sameness and difference, 99
    • print capitalism, 91
    • production fetishism, 98
    • sociohistorical context, 90–91
  • global division‐of‐labor and power (GDLP), 232–233
  • global field model, 50, 82–89
    • causal mechanisms, 85–86
    • coming to terms with the world as a whole, 83–86
    • complexity, 85
    • crystallization of a concept and a problem, 82–83
    • diagrammatic representation, 85
    • revitalization, 86
    • search for fundamentals, 86–89
    • universalism and particularism globalized, 87–89
  • global financial crisis see financial crises
  • Global Forum II, 336–340
  • global health governance (GHG), 264–265, 280–285
    • declining authority of states, 282
    • deterritorialization, 282
    • development, 281
    • essential elements, 282–283
    • Gates Foundation, 264–265, 286–290
    • impacts of globalization, 281–282
    • international health governance, 280–283, 285
    • multi‐sectoral approaches to health, 283
    • state and nonstate actors, 281, 283–285
    • transborder health risks, 281
  • global heating see climate change/climate justice
  • global inequality, 191–193, 191
  • Globalization and Governance (Prakash and Hart), 262
  • global justice, 19–24, 547–548, 557–562
    • altering global arrangements, 23
    • Bargaining Problem, The, 22–23
    • citizens’ and experts’ advocacy networks, 561
    • cosmopolitanism and humanism, 493
    • counterhegemonic globalization, 550–551
    • ecological balance, 574, 577–581
    • fair sharing of global opportunities, 24
    • focus on the local level, 561
    • global interdependences and movements, 20–21
    • globalization as humanitarian concern, 30–31
    • history of the global justice movement, 557–559
    • impacts of globalization, 3–4
    • institutions and inequality, 24
    • market fundamentalism, 217–218
    • meanings of globalization, 1, 4
    • neoliberalism, 557–560
    • Porto Alegre Call for Mobilization, 582–584
    • poverty and inequality, 21–22
    • religion and antiglobalization activism, 448
    • supporting progressive regimes, 562
    • three major tendencies, 561–562
    • Westernization and early globalism, 19–20
    • World Social Forum, 558–559
    • world society and the nation‐state, 81
  • Global North
    • Christianity, 429–430, 433–434
    • climate change, 308–309
    • counterhegemonic globalization, 555–556
    • deglobalization and the WTO, 570–571
    • ecological balance, 575–578
    • twelve assumptions of an alter‐globalization strategy, 567
  • global public–private partnerships (GPPP), 285
  • Global South
    • Christianity, 429–434
    • climate change, 308–309
    • climate change/climate justice, 533
    • counterhegemonic globalization, 555–556
    • deglobalization and the WTO, 548, 568–572
    • ecological balance, 575–578
    • twelve assumptions of an alter‐globalization strategy, 567
  • global village
    • global cultural economy, 91
    • global field model, 83
    • globalization as an analytical tool, 25, 26
    • sociology of the global system, 64
  • Global Witness, 343
  • glocalization
    • Global Compact (UN), 294
    • globalization and media, 358
    • globalization as a political agenda, 29–30
    • media flow and contra‐flow, 371–373
  • Golden Arches East (Watson), 102
  • Gore, Al, 531, 539
  • Governance in a Globalizing World (Keohane and Nye), 262
  • GPPP see global public–private partnerships
  • Grameen Bank, 303, 348–353
  • Grassroots Global Justice Alliance, 533
  • Gray, John, 16
  • greenhouse gases (GHG), 501, 540–542
  • Green New Deal, 565
  • Greenpeace, 305–306
    • bearing witness, 507
    • differentiating legal and cultural factors, 503–504
    • ecological balance, 577
    • ecological sensibility, 503–504, 506, 509
    • Greenpeace’s politics, 506–509
    • nonviolence, 507–508
    • political globalism, 500, 502–509
    • political strategies, 509
    • transnational organizational structure, 504–506
  • grey markets, 235
  • Grey, Vince, 277–279
  • gross domestic product (GDP)
    • financial crises, 203, 205
    • income inequality, 190–192
    • over‐financialization and over‐globalization, 207–209, 208
  • gross national product (GNP), 221–222
  • growth, 196–199, 267, 269–271
  • Guangdong province, China, 167–172
  • guanxi, 15, 233
  • Haiti
    • HIV/AIDS, 148, 150–153
    • metastatic breast cancer, 148–150
    • sex tourism, 151–152
    • structural violence, 104, 147–153
    • tuberculosis, 148, 152–153
  • Hall, Herbert, 278
  • Hallyu (the Korean wave)
    • Brazil, 384–385, 386–388
    • evidence of the Korean wave, 378–379
    • hybridity in Korean popular culture in Asia, 358, 377–382
    • media liberalization and development, 379–382
    • Peru, 384, 385–388
    • research design and results, 386–388
    • second wave in Latin America, 358, 383–388
    • versatile masculinity, 388
  • halons, 526, 528–530
  • Hamelink, Cees, 365–369
  • Harlequin romance, 409
  • hazardous waste exports, 577–578
  • HCFC see hydrochlorofluorocarbons
  • Heidel, Klaus, 304
  • HFC see hydrofluorocarbons
  • Hinduism, 415, 417, 450–454
  • Hirakud dam, 520–521
  • HIV/AIDS
    • Gates Foundation, 287–289
    • global governance, 265
    • global health governance, 285
    • market fundamentalism, 216
    • Millennium Development Goals, 42
    • multilateral anti‐corruption approach, 336
    • structural violence, 148, 150–153
  • Hollywood
    • Bollywood’s resistance to colonization by Hollywood, 401–402
    • Bollywood versus Hollywood, 358–359, 397–404
    • cultural imperialism, 398–404, 409–411
    • drive towards clustering, 407–408
    • dubbing, 400–401
    • English language dominance, 407
    • geographic clustering, 405–408
    • globalization and media, 358–359, 397–398, 405–411
    • hybridity in Korean popular culture, 377, 380
    • popular discourses of Hollywood/Bollywood opposition, 402–403
    • Third Cinema, 398–400
    • why clustering in Hollywood?, 406–407
  • Homestead Act (1862), 110
  • homogeneity/heterogeneity
    • corporate culture, 459, 470–473
    • cosmopolitanism, 487–488, 490–491
    • cultural imperialism, 365–369
    • global cultural economy, 50, 90–99
    • globalization as a political agenda, 29–30
    • globalized religion, 415
    • impacts of globalization, 3–4, 9–10
    • liberty, 15
    • McDonaldization, 112–113
    • world‐system theory, 53
  • Hong Kong
    • hybridity in Korean popular culture, 377–378
    • McDonaldization, 102, 103, 112–120
    • organized crime, 231–233
  • hovering, 117–118
  • HRC see Human Rights Commission
  • Human Drama of Abortion, The (Faúndes and Barzelatto), 257
  • humanism
    • cosmopolitanism, 460, 492–495
    • cultural imperialism, 492, 494
    • extremism and religious fundamentalism, 593–594
    • global justice, 493
    • hybridity, 494
    • multiculturalism, 493–494
  • human rights
    • abortion liberalization in world society, 252–255
    • clash of civilizations, 39
    • cosmopolitanism and humanism, 493
    • counterhegemonic globalization, 553–554
    • female genital cutting, 313–319
    • Global Compact (UN), 291, 295–296
    • global environmentalism, 498–499
    • globalization as an analytical tool, 27
    • globalization as humanitarian concern, 30–31
    • individualization of society and liberalization of same‐sex policy, 246–247, 249–250
    • international nongovernmental organizations, 300–303
    • Iran’s One Million Signatures Campaign, 323–327
    • Islam, 320–327
    • microfinance, 352
    • Millennium Development Goals, 45
    • political globalization, 222–223
    • Porto Alegre Call for Mobilization, 582–584
    • twelve assumptions of an alter‐globalization strategy, 564–565
    • Western bias in human rights development, 320–323
    • world society and the nation‐state, 78–80
  • Human Rights Commission (HRC), 322–323
  • human trafficking, 231–232
  • Hungary, 145–146
  • Hussein, Saddam, 37
  • hybridity
    • cosmopolitanism and humanism, 494
    • cultural imperialism, 382
    • evidence of the Korean wave, 378–379
    • globalized religion, 417
    • Hallyu in Peru and Brazil, 387
    • Korean popular culture in Asia, 358, 377–382
    • media flow and contra‐flow, 374–376
    • media liberalization and development, 379–382
  • hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), 529–530
  • hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), 529–530
  • IBT see International Brotherhood of Teamsters
  • ICC see International Criminal Court
  • ICCPR see International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
  • ICESCR see International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
  • ICFTU see International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
  • identity
    • Christianity, 433
    • clash of civilizations, 33–36
    • corporate culture, 459, 469–475
    • cosmopolitanism and humanism, 460, 492–495
    • cosmopolitans and locals in world culture, 460, 486–491
    • feminine identity, 459, 461–468
    • global cultural economy, 97–98
    • global field model, 84, 85, 87–88
    • globalization and identity, 458–460
    • globalized Islam, 424–427
    • globalized religion, 415
    • homogeneity/heterogeneity, 459
    • humanism, 460
    • impacts of globalization, 3–4, 9–10
    • liberty, 16
    • McDonaldization, 120
    • soccer and national identity, 460, 481–485
    • strategic inauthenticity, 459, 476–480
    • world society and the nation‐state, 77–78
    • world‐system theory, 53
  • ideology
    • antiglobalization/alternative globalization movements, 548
    • Christianity, 429
    • clash of civilizations, 32–37
    • corporate social responsibility, 342
    • counterhegemonic globalization, 553–555
    • cultural imperialism, 360–362
    • global cultural economy, 95
    • globalization and media, 357
    • globalization as a political agenda, 29–30
    • global justice, 559–560
    • market fundamentalism, 210, 215–218
    • media flow and contra‐flow, 375–376
    • microfinance, 351
    • neoliberalism, 49
    • sociology of the global system, 60–62, 64–66
    • world society and the nation‐state, 79–80
    • see also neoliberalism
  • ideoscapes, 94–95, 97
  • Ignatieff, Michael, 593
  • IGO see intergovernmental organizations
  • IHG see international health governance
  • Imaginary Homelands (Rushdie), 494
  • imagined worlds, 93–99
  • IMF see International Monetary Fund
  • imperialism
    • Christianity, 429, 435
    • clash of civilizations, 39
    • first wave of globalization, 105–108
    • global cultural economy, 91
    • global field model, 85–86
    • global justice, 19–21
    • liberty, 17–18
    • market fundamentalism, 212
    • religion and antiglobalization activism, 447
    • virtual migration, 135
    • world society and the nation‐state, 74
    • see also cultural imperialism
  • income inequality, 165, 189–193
    • defining concepts of inequality, 190–191, 190
    • global inequality, 191–193
    • gross domestic product, 190–192
    • International Monetary Fund, 271–272
    • political globalization, 222
    • populations, 190–193
    • trends in international and global inequality, 191–193, 191
  • Inconvenient Truth, An (Gore), 531
  • India
    • Bollywood versus Hollywood, 397–404
    • bottom billion, 197–199
    • clash of civilizations, 34
    • corporate culture, 469–475
    • ecological balance, 578–580
    • global justice, 20–21
    • sustainable development and dam construction, 520–521, 524
    • virtual migration, 129–136
  • India Cabaret (Nair), 96
  • Indian Film, The (Barnouw and Krishnaswamy), 403
  • indigenization
    • evangelical Protestantism, 438, 440–441
    • global cultural economy, 92
    • globalization and media, 357–358, 389, 391–393
    • globalized religion, 415, 416
  • indigenous populations
    • advocacy networks, 511–518
    • climate change/climate justice, 532–533, 536
    • cosmopolitanism and humanism, 494
    • declining authority of states, 226
    • deglobalization and the WTO, 571
    • ecological balance, 579–580
    • global justice, 557, 561
    • Porto Alegre Call for Mobilization, 583
    • second wave of globalization, 111
    • sustainable development and dam construction, 519–525
  • individualism
    • broader contexts, 246–247
    • changes in state policies on homosexual relations, 245
    • corporate culture, 472–475
    • gender equality, 244–245, 248–249
    • individualization of society and liberalization of same‐sex policy, 222–223, 244–250
    • liberty, 15–17
    • overall cultural individualism, 247–248
    • social movements, 244, 246
    • world culture in the world polity, 332
  • Indonesia, 179–182, 377–378
  • industrialization
    • China, 167–170
    • cosmopolitanism and humanism, 494
    • first wave of globalization, 108
    • global environmentalism, 498
    • International Organization for Standardization, 275
    • second wave of globalization, 111
  • inequality see global justice
  • infant mortality, 196
  • informal economy, 554
  • information flow, 15–16, 27
  • information‐sharing, 340
  • information systems management, 131
  • INGO see international nongovernmental organizations
  • innovation, 176–182
  • institutions
    • global governance, 263–264
    • global justice, 24
    • market fundamentalism, 210
    • neoliberalism, 68, 71–72
    • world society and the nation‐state, 73–75, 78–79, 81
    • world‐system theory, 53–54
  • insurance industry, 541
  • intellectual property rights (IPR)
    • ecological balance, 575
    • globalization as an analytical tool, 28
    • market fundamentalism, 216–217
    • supply chain, 171
  • Inter‐African Committee on Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children, 315
  • interdependence
    • financial crises, 163–164, 206
    • globalization as an analytical tool, 26–27
    • global justice, 20–21
  • intergovernmental organizations (IGO)
    • female genital cutting, 313–319
    • globalization and civil society, 301–303
    • political globalization, 221
    • world culture in the world polity, 330–331, 332, 335
  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 500–501, 531, 534–535, 539–542
  • intermarriage, 463–464
  • International Anti‐Corruption Conference, 337
  • International Baby Food Action Network, 284
  • International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT), 552
  • International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU), 570–571
  • International Conference on Population and Development (1984), 254–255
  • International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 323, 326–327
  • International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), 326–327, 565
  • International Criminal Court (ICC), 263
  • International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission, 246
  • international health governance (IHG), 280–283, 285
  • International Lesbian and Gay Association, 246
  • International Monetary Fund (IMF), 266–272
    • bottom billion, 196
    • clash of civilizations, 38
    • conditionality, 266–268
    • deglobalization and the WTO, 569
    • ecological balance, 576
    • economic growth, 267, 269–271
    • effects of IMF programs on the balance of payments, 268–269
    • female genital cutting, 313
    • financial crises, 163–164, 201, 205, 267
    • global governance, 264
    • global justice, 560
    • income distribution and social spending, 271–272
    • market fundamentalism, 210–215, 217–218
    • microfinance, 350
    • neoliberalism, 68, 71
    • over‐financialization and over‐globalization, 208
    • political globalization, 221
    • Porto Alegre Call for Mobilization, 584
    • power and influence, 267–268
    • sociology of the global system, 59–60, 63
  • international nongovernmental organizations (INGO)
    • abortion liberalization in world society, 252, 256–258
    • antiglobalization/alternative globalization movements, 547–548
    • as enactors and carriers of world culture, 331–334
    • basic historical patterns, 329–330, 330
    • climate change, 310–311
    • data, 329
    • data quality and coding issues, 329
    • global environmentalism, 499–501
    • globalization and civil society, 300–303
    • Greenpeace and political globalism, 500, 502–509
    • historical overview of the INGO population, 329–330, 330
    • human purposes: dialectics of rationalizing progress, 333
    • individualism, 332
    • multilateral anti‐corruption approach, 337–340
    • rational voluntaristic authority, 332, 334–335
    • social movements, 301–303
    • sustainable development and dam construction, 519–525
    • universalism, 331–332
    • world citizenship, 333–334
    • world culture in the world polity, 328–335
    • world development, INGOs, and capitalist and interstate systems, 330–331
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 273–279
    • committee structure, 273
    • containers and containerization, 274–279, 276
    • correspondent members, 274–275
    • global governance, 264
    • setting the standard, 277–278
    • standards and their consequences, 275–276, 276
    • United States, 277–279
    • voluntary consensus process, 274–275
  • International Planned Parenthood Federation, 257
  • International Rivers Network (IRN), 500, 522
  • International Transport Workers Federation (ITF), 552–553
  • International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), 510–518
  • International Women’s Day/Year, 253, 324
  • International Women’s Health Coalition, 252
  • Internet
    • Big Brother Australia, 395–396
    • globalization as an analytical tool, 27
    • Hallyu in Peru and Brazil, 387–388
    • liberty, 15–17
    • mental health/illness, 157
    • Millennium Development Goals, 43
    • organized crime, 234
  • inter‐societal system, 87
  • investment banking, 163
    • financial crises, 200–201, 203–205
    • over‐financialization and over‐globalization, 207–209, 208
    • United States’ sticky superpower status, 187
  • IPCC see Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
  • IPR see intellectual property rights
  • Iran, 323–327, 420–421
  • IRN see International Rivers Network
  • Islam
    • acculturation, 425–427
    • bin Laden, Osama and radical Islamists, 416, 418–422
    • clash of civilizations, 36–37
    • deterritorialization, 423–424
    • extremism and religious fundamentalism, 592–595
    • globalized religion, 414–416
    • Iran’s One Million Signatures Campaign, 323–327
    • modernization and re‐Islamization, 424–425
    • nationalism, 588–589
    • objectification of, 425–427
    • search for a new ummah, 416, 423–428
    • secularization, 427–428
    • universalism, 427
    • Western bias in human rights development, 320–323
    • women’s human rights, 320–327
  • ISO see International Organization for Standardization
  • isomorphism and isomorphic change, 73, 75–76
  • Israel, 37, 420, 422
  • ITF see International Transport Workers Federation
  • ITTO see International Tropical Timber Organization
  • Iyer, Pico, 91–92
  • Jamaica, 105–108
  • Jameson, Fredric, 92
  • Japan
    • clash of civilizations, 34, 39
    • hybridity in Korean popular culture, 377–378
    • medical tourism, 142–143
    • mental health/illness, 104, 154–159
    • neoliberalism, 69–70
  • Javaheri, Jelveh, 324
  • JI see joint implementation
  • jihad, 421, 428, 592–593
  • joint implementation (JI), 309
  • Jordan, Michael, 179
  • Jowett, Benjamin, 502
  • Jubilee 2000, 444–445
  • justice see global justice
  • Labor Network for Sustainability, 533
  • labor
    • abuse of fairness claims in trade, 239, 242–243
    • balance between openness and domestic needs, 240–241
    • China, 167–172
    • commodity chains, 165, 177–178, 180–181
    • competitiveness versus domestic reform, 241–242
    • counterhegemonic globalization, 552–553, 555
    • deglobalization and the WTO, 570–571
    • experiencing globalization, 102, 103
    • first wave of globalization, 105–108
    • Global Compact (UN), 292–296
    • global cultural economy, 94–96
    • globalization as a political agenda, 30
    • global markets and nation‐states, 222, 237–243
    • market fundamentalism, 213
    • microfinance, 350
    • Millennium Development Goals, 41
    • organized crime, 231–232
    • Porto Alegre Call for Mobilization, 583
    • role of national governments, 239–243
    • social insurance/welfare, 239, 241
    • sociology of the global system, 63–64
    • sources of tension, 238–240
    • virtual migration, 129–136
    • world‐system theory, 52–53, 56–58
    • see also income inequality
  • LA Gear, 175
  • landlocked with bad neighbours trap, 165, 195–196, 198–199
  • land reform, 570–571, 584
  • La Vía Campesina, 533, 537
  • Lehman Brothers, 201, 203–205
  • liberalism/liberal democracy
    • bin Laden, Osama and radical Islamists, 418–419
    • clash of civilizations, 33
    • extremism and religious fundamentalism, 592–593
    • globalized Islam, 424
  • liberty, 11–18
    • imperialism, 17–18
    • individual freedoms, 15–17
    • Marx, Karl and Engels, Friedrich, 11–13
    • open society, 14–15
    • priority of liberty, 13–14
  • Liebes, Tamar, 362–364
  • life expectancy, 196
  • Listening to Prozac (Kramer), 154
  • localization
    • cosmopolitanism, 489–491
    • counterhegemonic globalization, 554–556
    • Global Compact (UN), 294
    • globalization and media, 358
    • global justice, 561
    • impacts of globalization, 3–4
    • McDonaldization, 114–115, 117
    • media flow and contra‐flow, 371–373
  • London, UK, 12
  • Maastricht agreement (1991), 69, 72, 239, 242
  • McDonaldization
    • children as consumers, 118–119
    • consumer discipline, 117–118
    • experiencing globalization, 102, 103
    • friendliness and public service, 116
    • from exotic to ordinary: McDonald’s becomes local, 114–115
    • global cultural economy, 91–92
    • globalization and media, 410
    • globalization as a political agenda, 29–30
    • Hong Kong, 102, 103, 112–120
    • hovering and the napkin wars, 117–118
    • invention of birthday parties, 119–120
    • mental categories: snack versus meal, 113–114
    • sanitation and the invention of cleanliness, 115–116
    • transnationalism, 112–113, 120
    • transnationalism and the fast food industry, 112–113
  • McLuhan, Marshall, 83, 91
  • Madagascar, 195
  • Mahbubani, Kishore, 39
  • Maier, Jürgen, 305, 310
  • Ma, Jack, 184–185
  • majoritarianism, 97, 99
  • malaria
    • bottom billion, 195
    • climate change/climate justice, 535
    • Gates Foundation, 286
    • global governance, 265
    • global health governance, 285
    • Millennium Development Goals, 42
  • Malawi, 199
  • Malaysia, 500, 510–518
  • Malcolm, Derek, 401
  • manga, 371, 373
  • market fundamentalism, 166, 210–218
    • antiglobalization movements, 210–211
    • beneficial globalization, 211–212
    • costs of volatility, 213–214
    • darker side of globalization, 212
    • global social justice, 217–218
    • governance of globalization, 214
    • governance through ideology, 215
    • lessons of crisis, 212–213
    • microfinance, 350
    • unfair trade agenda, 215–217
  • marketing see advertising and branding
  • markets/market economy
    • climate change/climate justice, 541–542
    • counterhegemonic globalization, 554–555
    • declining authority of states, 225–230
    • evangelical Protestantism, 439–440
    • extremism and religious fundamentalism, 594–595
    • globalization as an analytical tool, 25–26
    • globalization as a political agenda, 29–30
    • global justice, 23
    • global markets and nation‐states, 222, 237–243
    • Hollywood, 411
    • neoliberalism, 67
    • organized crime, 232
    • religion and antiglobalization activism, 446–447
    • sociology of the global system, 60
    • world‐system theory, 53–58
    • see also free markets
  • marriage, 463–464
  • martyrdom, 434–435
  • Marx, Karl, 11–13
  • masculinity, 388, 392–393
  • mass culture, 360–362
  • mass media
    • Bollywood versus Hollywood, 358–359, 397–404
    • cosmopolitanism, 490
    • cultural imperialism, 356–359, 360–369, 370–376
    • feminine identity, 465–466
    • global cultural economy, 91, 92, 94–95, 97
    • globalization and media, 356–359
    • globalization as an analytical tool, 27
    • globalization as humanitarian concern, 30–31
    • Greenpeace and political globalism, 507–509
    • Hallyu in Peru and Brazil, 383–388
    • Hollywood, 405–411
    • hybridity in Korean popular culture in Asia, 358, 377–382
    • meanings of globalization, 1
    • media flow and contra‐flow, 358, 370–376
    • sociology of the global system, 64–66
    • strategic inauthenticity, 459, 476–480
  • maternal health
    • bottom billion, 196
    • Gates Foundation, 289
    • Millennium Development Goals, 42, 45
  • Mauritius, 195
  • Mayo Clinic, 143
  • MDC see Miraflores Development Committee
  • media see mass media
  • mediascapes, 94–95, 97–99
  • medical tourism, 104, 142–146
    • Bátorfi Dental Implant Clinic, 145–146
    • Bumrungrad International Hospital, 143–144
    • cosmetic surgery, 143, 144
    • telemedicine, 144
    • Tokushukai Medical Corporation, 142–143
  • Médicins sans frontières (MSF), 300, 316
  • meditation, 417, 450–455
  • mental health/illness
    • abortion liberalization in world society, 255–257
    • early adopters have second thoughts, 158–159
    • globalization of the American psyche, 104, 154–159
    • Japanese cultural perceptions, 154–155
    • junk science and first world medicine, 155–156
    • mega‐marketing of depression, 156–158
  • mercenaries, 235
  • MERCOSUR, 569
  • metastatic breast cancer, 148–150
  • microfinance, 348–353
    • bottom billion, 303
    • conditions of protection, 353
    • homegrown institutions, 350–351
    • poverty truths, 352–353
    • rise and fall from grace, 348–350
  • microphenomenological theories, 75–76, 78
  • migration
    • antiglobalization/alternative globalization movements, 549
    • clash of civilizations, 33–34, 36
    • cosmopolitanism, 491
    • first wave of globalization, 108
    • global cultural economy, 93–94
    • globalization as an analytical tool, 26
    • globalized Islam, 425–426
    • meanings of globalization, 1
    • nationalism, 586, 587–590
    • organized crime, 231–232
    • second wave of globalization, 110
    • soccer and national identity, 484
    • transnational villagers, 103, 121–128
    • virtual migration, 103, 129–136
  • militarism, 584
  • Millennium Development Goals (MDG)
    • abortion liberalization in world society, 255
    • bottom billion, 194
    • child mortality, 41–42, 44–45
    • conflicts and refugees, 44–45
    • efforts and achievements, 40–43
    • environmental sustainability, 42–43, 44
    • extreme poverty and hunger, 40–41, 44–45
    • gender equality and empowering women, 41, 43–44
    • global justice, 559
    • global partnership for development, 43
    • HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases, 42
    • maternal health, 42, 45
    • Millennium Development Goals Report 2015, 9, 40–46
    • successes and global action, 45–46
    • successes and shortcomings, 43–45
    • universal primary education, 41, 45
  • Milosevic, Slobodan, 336
  • mindfulness meditation, 455
  • Miraflores Development Committee (MDC), 124–128
  • Miraflores, Dominican Republic, 103, 121–128
  • MNC see transnational corporations
  • M‐Net, 371
  • mobility
    • China, 168
    • clash of civilizations, 33–34
    • corporate culture, 473
    • cosmopolitanism, 488–489
    • global cultural economy, 90–91, 96
    • global field model, 88–89
    • globalization as an analytical tool, 26
    • income inequality, 189
    • market fundamentalism, 213
    • medical tourism, 142–146
    • neoliberalism, 71–72
  • modernity
    • antiglobalization/alternative globalization movements, 549
    • bin Laden, Osama and radical Islamists, 418–422
    • cultural imperialism, 366–369
    • decontextualization of Asian religious practices, 450–455
    • evangelical Protestantism, 441–442
    • extremism and religious fundamentalism, 591–594
    • feminine identity, 467–468
    • global field model, 82, 84
    • globalized Islam, 424
    • globalized religion, 416
    • hybridity in Korean popular culture in Asia, 382
    • strategic inauthenticity, 476–480
    • world society and the nation‐state, 79–80
  • Modern World‐System, The (Wallerstein), 49
  • Monde Diplomatique, Le, 571–572
  • money‐laundering, 336–337, 340
  • monopolies, 54–58
  • Montreal Protocols, 528–530
  • moral choice, 31
  • MSF see Médicins sans frontières
  • Mugabe, Robert, 249
  • multiculturalism
    • clash of civilizations, 33–34
    • cosmopolitanism and humanism, 493–494
    • evangelical Protestantism, 440–441
    • globalization as humanitarian concern, 30
    • globalized Islam, 424
    • globalized religion, 416
    • liberty, 12
  • multinational corporations see transnational corporations
  • Nash, John, 22–23
  • National Front for Tribal Self‐Rule, 579
  • national identity
    • cosmopolitanism, 484–485
    • nationalism, 483, 485
    • shared memory, 481–482
    • soccer and national identity, 460, 481–485
  • National Integrity System, 338–339
  • nationalisation, 201
  • nationalism
    • antiglobalization/alternative globalization movements, 549, 585–590
    • authoritarianism, 585–586, 588–590
    • global cultural economy, 91
    • immigration, 586, 587–590
    • patriotism, 586–587, 589–590
    • racism, 585, 588–590
    • right‐wing populism, 585–586, 588–589
    • rise of the globalists, 586–587
    • security, 586–587, 589
    • soccer and national identity, 483, 485
    • world society and the nation‐state, 79–80
  • nation‐states and the state
    • abortion liberalization in world society, 251–258
    • broader contexts, 246–247
    • changes in state policies on homosexual relations, 245
    • Christianity, 432–433
    • clash of civilizations, 32–34
    • construction of nation‐state identity and purpose, 77–78
    • declining authority of states, 221–222, 224–230, 282
    • ecological balance, 574–575
    • explanatory models, 75, 75
    • female genital cutting, 314, 318
    • gender equality, 244–245, 248–249
    • global cultural economy, 97
    • global health governance, 281–285
    • globalization as an analytical tool, 28–29
    • global justice, 562
    • global markets and nation‐states, 222, 237–243
    • individualization of society and liberalization of same‐sex policy, 244–250
    • isomorphism and isomorphic change, 73, 75–76
    • legitimation of subnational actors and practices, 79–80
    • liberty, 14–15, 17
    • linkages to world society, 249–250
    • neoliberalism, 67–70
    • organized crime, 234–236
    • overall cultural individualism, 247–248
    • over‐financialization and over‐globalization, 209
    • political globalization, 220–221
    • politics, power, and legitimacy, 229–230
    • Porto Alegre Call for Mobilization, 583–584
    • processes of world society’s impact on nation‐states, 76–80
    • soccer and national identity, 482–484
    • sovereignty, 220–221, 229–230
    • systemic maintenance of nation‐state actor identity, 78
    • technological change, 227–228
    • transnational corporations, 228–229
    • world culture in the world polity, 330–331, 334–335
    • world society and the nation‐state, 50, 73–81
    • world‐system theory, 54–58
  • Native Americans, 111
  • Natives of Sarawak (Hong), 513
  • NATO see North Atlantic Treaty Organization
  • natural disasters, 541
  • natural resources trap, 165, 195, 198–199
  • nature conservation, 310
  • navdanya: seeds of freedom, 571
  • N’Dour, Youssou, 459, 476–480
  • Nejati, Fatemah, 327
  • neo‐conservatism, 565
  • neoliberalism, 67–72
    • antiglobalization/alternative globalization movements, 548
    • class, 49, 70–71
    • concepts and definitions, 67–68
    • counterhegemonic globalization, 550–552, 554–556
    • deglobalization and the WTO, 568
    • financial crises, 162–164, 166, 200–206, 207–209, 208
    • globalization and media, 357
    • globalization as an analytical tool, 25
    • globalization as a political agenda, 29–30
    • global justice, 557–560
    • global markets and nation‐states, 240–241
    • history of globalization, 8–9
    • international institutions, 68, 71–72
    • market fundamentalism, 210–218
    • meanings of globalization, 4–5
    • moving map of neoliberalism, 68–72
    • organized crime, 233
    • over‐financialization and over‐globalization, 166, 207–209, 208
    • Porto Alegre Call for Mobilization, 582–584
    • religion and antiglobalization activism, 446–447
    • role of the state, 67–70
    • social cutbacks, 67–69, 71
    • twelve assumptions of an alter‐globalization strategy, 563–567
    • Washington Consensus, 71–72
  • neo‐Nazism, 589
  • Nepal, 459, 461–468
  • Netherlands, the
    • multilateral anti‐corruption approach, 337–340
    • soccer and national identity, 460, 481–485
  • networks
    • climate change/climate justice, 531–534
    • cosmopolitanism, 487
    • environmental advocacy networks, 500, 510–518
    • globalization as an analytical tool, 27
    • global justice, 561
    • liberty, 16–17
    • organized crime, 233–234
    • second wave of globalization, 110–111
    • virtual migration, 129–136
  • new world information order (NWIO), 357
  • NGO see nongovernmental organizations
  • Niger, 198
  • Nigeria
    • bottom billion, 198
    • cosmopolitanism, 487
    • multilateral anti‐corruption approach, 336
    • organized crime, 233–234
  • night shifts, 132–134, 136
  • Nike Corporation, 165, 170, 173–183
  • nongovernmental organizations (NGO)
    • advocacy networks, 510–518
    • burden sharing between North and South, 308–309
    • climate change, 304–312
    • corporate social responsibility, 341–347
    • democratic legitimacy of NGOs, 311–312
    • emissions targets, 308
    • fragmentation and diverging interests, 307–308
    • Gates Foundation, 288
    • global environmentalism, 499–501
    • global governance, 263–264
    • global health governance, 283–285
    • globalization and civil society, 302, 304–312
    • International Organization for Standardization, 273
    • local versus international, 310–311
    • market mechanisms versus system change, 309–310
    • multilateral anti‐corruption approach, 337–340
    • number and types of NGO, 305
    • religion and antiglobalization activism, 443–444
    • sustainable development and dam construction, 519–524
    • transnational villagers, 125
    • trends in climate work, 306–307
    • see also international nongovernmental organizations
  • non‐profit organizations, 288
  • nonviolence, 325, 507–508
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 584
  • North Dakota, USA, 108–111
  • Northern Rock, 201
  • nostalgia, 490
  • nuclear power, 536
  • nuclear weapons, 228
  • NWIO see new world information order
  • OECD see Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
  • off‐balance‐sheet vehicles, 201, 203
  • offshore financial markets, 26, 207, 209
  • oligopolies, 54–58
  • Omar, Mullah Muhammad, 421
  • ONE Campaign, 288
  • One Million Signatures Campaign, 323–327
    • campaign beginnings, 324–326
    • primary goal, 326–327
  • OneWorld Health, 288
  • open society, 14–15
  • Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
    • climate change, 308–309
    • ecological balance, 577
    • globalization as an analytical tool, 25
    • global markets and nation‐states, 243
    • market fundamentalism, 211
    • multilateral anti‐corruption approach, 339
  • organized crime, 231–236
    • criminalization and the state as courtesan, 234–236
    • migration, 231–232
    • new criminality, 231–234
    • Nigerian organizations, 233–234
    • political globalization, 222
    • Triads, 231–233
  • organochlorines, 505–506
  • originate‐and‐distribute model, 202–203
  • Other and Othering
    • cosmopolitanism, 487–488
    • global cultural economy, 90
    • soccer and national identity, 483
    • women’s human rights and Islam, 320
  • outsourcing
    • China, 169–170
    • commodity chains, 176–183
    • globalization and media, 408
  • over‐globalization, 166, 207–209, 208
  • overproduction, 57–58
  • ozone depletion, 500, 526–530
    • Greenpeace and political globalism, 508–509
    • historical context, 526–527
    • Montreal Protocols, 528–530
    • political definition, 527
    • Vienna Convention, 527–528
    • worldwide production trends, 530
  • Pachauri, Ranendra K., 500–501, 539–542
  • PAHO see Pan American Health Organization
  • Palestine, 420, 422
  • Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), 283
  • particularism, 87–89, 410
  • Partido dos Trabalhadores, 551, 570–571
  • Partnership Africa Canada, 344–345
  • PATH see Program for Appropriate Technology in Health
  • patriarchy
    • female genital cutting, 314
    • feminine identity, 468
    • individualization of society and liberalization of same‐sex policy, 248
    • microfinance, 353
    • Porto Alegre Call for Mobilization, 583
    • virtual migration, 135
    • women’s human rights and Islam, 321, 325, 327
  • patriotism, 586–587, 589–590
  • peasant movements, 533
  • Pentecostalism, 431, 433, 438
  • People’s Republic of China (PRC) see China
  • persecution, 434–436
  • Peru, 358, 384, 385–388
  • philanthropy, 264–265, 286–290
  • Philippines, 92, 521
  • plunder, 56
  • Plutarch, 493
  • political globalization, 220–221
  • polluting industries, 575–577
  • popular culture see mass media
  • population
    • abortion liberalization in world society, 254–255
    • global health governance, 284
    • income inequality, 190–193
  • populism, 361–362, 585–586, 588–589
  • Porto Alegre Call for Mobilization, 549, 582–584
  • postcolonialism
    • Hallyu in Peru and Brazil, 387
    • strategic inauthenticity, 476
    • twelve assumptions of an alter‐globalization strategy, 563–564
  • post‐Fordism, 183
  • postmodernism, 180
  • poverty
    • Bollywood versus Hollywood, 400
    • bottom billion, 165–166, 194–199
    • Christianity, 435–436
    • climate change, 306–307
    • Gates Foundation, 288, 289–290
    • globalization as a political agenda, 29
    • global justice, 21–23, 559–560
    • income inequality, 165, 189–193
    • liberty, 13
    • market fundamentalism, 213–214
    • microfinance, 303, 348–353
    • Millennium Development Goals, 40–41, 44–45
    • moral choice, 31
    • multilateral anti‐corruption approach, 337
    • organized crime, 232–233
    • religion and antiglobalization activism, 443–445, 447
    • structural violence, 104, 147–153
    • sustainable development, 9
  • power
    • antiglobalization/alternative globalization movements, 549
    • clash of civilizations, 36, 39
    • declining authority of states, 225–226, 229–230
    • first wave of globalization, 107–108
    • global justice, 21–22
    • International Monetary Fund, 267–268
    • multilateral anti‐corruption approach, 336
    • organized crime, 232–233
    • second wave of globalization, 110–111
    • twelve assumptions of an alter‐globalization strategy, 566
    • United States’ sticky superpower status, 185, 187–188
    • world‐system theory, 53
  • PPP see purchasing power parity
  • PRC see China
  • print capitalism, 91
  • privacy, 318
  • privatization, 56, 583
  • production fetishism, 98
  • profitability, 55–58
  • Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), 288
  • protectionism
    • deglobalization and the WTO, 570
    • ecological balance, 573, 575
    • global markets and nation‐states, 239
    • world‐system theory, 55, 57
  • Protestantism, 414–416, 431, 433
  • Provisions of the Panchayats, 579–580
  • psychology, 454–455
  • public health
    • abortion liberalization in world society, 252–258
    • female genital cutting, 314–317
    • Gates Foundation, 286–290
    • global health governance, 264–265, 280–285, 286–290
    • Millennium Development Goals, 41–43, 44
    • structural violence, 104, 147–153
    • see also mental health/illness
  • public/private sphere, 65
  • public service, 116
  • purchasing power parity (PPP), 192
  • quantitative easing, 205
  • quasi‐monopolies, 54–58
  • Questions of Third Cinema (Pines and Willeman), 398
  • queues, 117–118
  • racism
    • extremism and religious fundamentalism, 594
    • nationalism, 585, 588–590
    • structural violence, 153
  • Rapaport, Martin, 344
  • rape and sexual assault, 255–257
  • rationalization, 333
  • rational voluntarism, 332, 334–335
  • realist theories, 76–78
  • recession/stagnation, 163–164, 166
    • bottom billion, 197–198
    • world‐system theory, 58
  • Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD), 309–310
  • Reebok, 174–175, 181
  • refugees, 44–45, 587–588
  • religion
    • abortion liberalization in world society, 252, 253–255, 257–258
    • alternative visions of globalization, 447–449
    • antiglobalization activism, 416–417, 443–449
    • antiglobalization discourse, 445–447
    • clash of civilizations, 34, 36–37
    • cosmopolitanism and humanism, 494
    • debt movement, 443–445
    • decontextualization of Asian religious practices, 417, 450–455
    • first wave of globalization, 107
    • global cultural economy, 90
    • globalized religion, 414–417
    • world society and the nation‐state, 79–81
    • see also individual faiths
  • Religions in Global Society (Beyer), 415
  • religious fundamentalism
    • antiglobalization/alternative globalization movements, 549, 591–595
    • bin Laden, Osama and radical Islamists, 416, 418–422
    • Christianity, 434
    • clash of civilizations, 34, 37
    • ethnic cleansing and genocide, 591–592
    • global cultural economy, 90, 96
    • global field model, 86–87
    • globalized Islam, 424–425, 427–428
    • globalized religion, 416
    • impacts of globalization, 9
    • Islamists’ roots in secular education, 419–420
    • modern goals, modern methods, 420–421
    • radical minority, 421–422
    • world society and the nation‐state, 79–80
  • relocalization, 561
  • reproductive rights
    • abortion liberalization in world society, 222–223, 251–258
    • female genital cutting, 315
    • individualization of society and liberalization of same‐sex policy, 245, 247
  • Republic of Korea see South Korea
  • Research Foundation for Science, Technology and Ecology (RFSTE), 578
  • revitalization, 86
  • RFSTE see Research Foundation for Science, Technology and Ecology
  • right‐wing populism, 585–586, 588–589
  • Rio Earth Summit, 573
  • Rising Tide, 534
  • Rockefeller Foundation, 286
  • Roe v. Wade, 254–255
  • Romania, 250
  • Roosevelt, Eleanor, 322–323
  • Rorty, Richard, 31
  • Rotary Club, 63
  • Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 276
  • rural poverty, 1, 44
  • Rushdie, Salman, 494, 593
  • Russia, 338
  • Russianization, 34, 92
  • Russia Today, 371
  • Sachs, Jeffrey, 195
  • safe havens, 339
  • Sahabat Alam Malaysia (SAM), 510, 512–518
  • San Francisco Declaration, 523
  • sanitation
    • Gates Foundation, 290
    • McDonaldization, 115–116
    • Millennium Development Goals, 42–43, 45
  • Sarawak deforestation campaign, 500, 510–518
    • background to the Sarawak campaign, 511–513
    • campaign strategies around Sarawak’s forests, 514–515
    • framing the Sarawak conflict, 513–514
    • tropical timber campaign and its effects, 515–516
  • Sardar Sarovar‐Narmada project, 521, 524
  • Satanic Verses, The (Rushdie), 494
  • satyagraha, 581
  • science, technology, engineering, mathematics (STEM), 20–21
  • sea level rise, 540–541
  • Seattle, USA protests, 210–211
  • Sebesta, Edward H., 493
  • secularization
    • bin Laden, Osama and radical Islamists, 419–420
    • Christianity, 429
    • decontextualization of Asian religious practices, 450–453, 455
    • evangelical Protestantism, 441–442
    • extremism and religious fundamentalism, 594–595
    • globalized Islam, 427–428
    • globalized religion, 416
    • religion and antiglobalization activism, 445–448
  • securitization, 200–203
  • security
    • clash of civilizations, 38
    • Dubai, UAE, 140–141
    • nationalism, 586–587, 589
  • selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), 155–159
  • self‐definition, 467–468
  • self‐discovery, 452–455, 472–475
  • Self‐Employed Women’s Association (SEWA), 554
  • self‐liquidation, 55–56
  • self‐provisioning, 118
  • Self‐Realization Fellowship, 452
  • Senegal, 476–480
  • Seo Taiji and Boys, 381
  • service economies, 30
  • SEWA see Self‐Employed Women’s Association
  • sex tourism, 96, 104, 151–152
  • sexuality
    • broader contexts, 246–247
    • changes in state policies on homosexual relations, 245
    • gender equality, 244–245, 248–249
    • individualization of society and liberalization of same‐sex policy, 222–223, 244–250
    • overall cultural individualism, 247–248
    • social movements, 244, 246
  • shared memory, 481–482
  • shari’a
    • bin Laden, Osama and radical Islamists, 418, 422
    • globalized Islam, 427
    • women’s human rights and Islam, 327
  • Shenzhen, China, 167–172
  • Sherkat, Shahla, 324
  • shopping malls
    • cosmopolitanism and humanism, 492
    • Dubai, UAE, 138–140
    • sociology of the global system, 65
  • Sierra Leone, 344–345
  • Silent Valley hydroelectric dam, 521
  • Singapore, 17, 378
  • slavery
    • first wave of globalization, 105–108
    • religion and antiglobalization activism, 447
    • structural violence, 148, 152–153
  • Smillie, Ian, 344–345
  • smuggling, 487
  • soccer, 460, 481–485
  • Social and Environmental Effects of Large Dams, The (Goldsmith and Hildyard), 522
  • social contract, 554
  • social insurance/welfare
    • global markets and nation‐states, 222, 239, 241
    • International Monetary Fund, 271–272
    • microfinance, 353
    • neoliberalism, 69, 71
  • social media
    • cosmopolitanism and humanism, 494
    • Hallyu in Peru and Brazil, 388
    • United States’ sticky superpower status, 186–187
  • social movements
    • abortion liberalization in world society, 253–255
    • climate change, 306–308, 310
    • climate justice activism, 500, 531–538
    • corporate social responsibility, 342–343
    • ecological balance, 549, 579–580
    • feminine identity, 462
    • globalization as an analytical tool, 27
    • Greenpeace and political globalism, 502
    • individualization of society and liberalization of same‐sex policy, 244, 246
    • international nongovernmental organizations, 301–303
    • One Million Signatures Campaign, 323–327
    • Porto Alegre Call for Mobilization, 584
    • sustainable development and dam construction, 519–525
    • twelve assumptions of an alter‐globalization strategy horizontality, 565
    • women’s human rights and Islam, 323–327
    • world society and the nation‐state, 79–80
    • see also antiglobalization/alternative globalization movements
  • social remittances, 123
  • sociology of the global system, 49, 59–66
    • conceptual space for transnational practices, 59–61
    • consumerism and mass consumption, 60–62, 64–65
    • culture‐ideology, 60–62, 64–66
    • economic transnational practices, 61–62
    • labour and the transnational capitalist class, 63–64
    • theory of the global system, 65–66
    • transnational capitalist class, 60, 62–66
  • Soka Gakkai movement, 454
  • Sopyonje (Im), 379–380
  • Soros, George, 8, 24
  • South Korea
    • commodity chains, 177–183
    • cultural imperialism, 382
    • evidence of the Korean wave, 378–379
    • Hallyu in Peru and Brazil, 383–388
    • hybridity in Korean popular culture in Asia, 358, 377–382
    • market fundamentalism, 211
    • media liberalization and development, 379–382
  • sovereignty
    • Dubai, UAE, 141
    • globalization as an analytical tool, 28
    • nation‐states, 220–221, 229–230
    • United States’ sticky superpower status, 187
    • world society and the nation‐state, 73–74, 77–78
  • spatial integration, 130–132
  • speculative investment, 141
  • spice trade, 106–107
  • spontaneous communities, 17
  • SSRI see selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
  • state, the see nation‐states and the state
  • STEM see science, technology, engineering, mathematics
  • stereotyping, 95–96
  • Stop Stoning Forever Campaign, 327
  • strategic inauthenticity, 459, 476–480
  • structural adjustment programs, 71, 214, 553, 564, 576
  • structural violence
    • Haiti, 104, 147–153
    • HIV/AIDS, 148, 150–153
    • metastatic breast cancer, 148–150
    • sex tourism, 151–152
    • tuberculosis, 148, 152–153
  • subaltern flow, 358, 372–376, 382
  • sub‐prime loans, 200–203
  • sugar plantations, 105–108
  • supply chains
    • China, 169, 171–172
    • commodity chains, 178, 181
    • meanings of globalization, 1
    • virtual migration, 130–131
  • sustainable development
    • building of transnational linkages, 522–523
    • conflicts in dam construction, 519–520
    • counterhegemonic globalization, 555
    • dam construction, 500, 519–525
    • ecological balance, 573
    • genesis of the World Commission on Dams, 524–525
    • Global Compact (UN), 292–296
    • Millennium Development Goals, 9, 42–43
    • Porto Alegre Call for Mobilization, 584
    • rise of domestic opposition, 520–522
    • taking on the World Bank, 523–524
  • sweatshops
    • antiglobalization/alternative globalization movements, 547
    • China, 170
    • microfinance, 350
  • Taiwan
    • commodity chains, 177–179, 181–182
    • hybridity in Korean popular culture, 377–379
    • market fundamentalism, 211
  • Taliban, 421
  • Tanzania, 199
  • TCC see transnational capitalist class
  • technology
    • declining authority of states, 227–228
    • Gates Foundation, 288–290
    • organized crime, 231–232, 234
  • technoscapes, 94
  • telemedicine, 144
  • telenovelas, 358, 371, 373–375, 388
  • Telesur, 371, 373–375
  • temporal asymmetry, 134
  • terrorism
    • bin Laden, Osama and radical Islamists, 416, 418–422
    • Dubai, UAE, 140–141
    • extremism and religious fundamentalism, 593–594
    • market fundamentalism, 218
  • Thailand, 143–144, 179–182
  • theme parks, 138–140
  • Theroux, Paul, 489
  • Third Cinema, 398–400
  • TI see Transparency International
  • time zones, 132–134, 136
  • TNC see transnational corporations
  • TNP see transnational practices/processes
  • tobacco industry, 264, 284–285
  • Tokushukai Medical Corporation, 142–143
  • totalitarianism, 594
  • tourism
  • toxic waste exports, 577–578
  • trade unions see unions
  • transborder health risks, 281
  • Transcendental Meditation, 452
  • transnational capitalist class (TCC), 60, 62–66
  • transnational corporations (TNC)
    • declining authority of states, 221–222, 228–229
    • ecological balance, 574–575
    • evangelical Protestantism, 439–440
    • globalization as an analytical tool, 26, 28
    • global justice, 24
    • mental health/illness, 155–156
    • Porto Alegre Call for Mobilization, 582–584
    • sociology of the global system, 49, 59–66
  • transnational practices/processes (TNP)
    • advocacy networks, 510–518
    • bin Laden, Osama and radical Islamists, 421
    • conceptual space for, 59–61
    • consumerism and mass consumption, 60–62, 64–65
    • counterhegemonic globalization, 553–554
    • cultural imperialism, 358
    • culture‐ideology, 60–62, 64–66
    • Dubai, UAE, 139
    • economic transnational practices, 61–62
    • evangelical Protestantism, 437–442
    • experiencing globalization, 103
    • global cultural economy, 97–98
    • income inequality, 189–193
    • labour and the transnational capitalist class, 63–64
    • McDonaldization, 112–113, 120
    • media flow and contra‐flow, 370–376
    • organized crime, 231–236
    • sustainable development and dam construction, 522–523
    • transnational capitalist class, 60, 62–66
    • transnational villagers, 123–128
    • virtual migration, 131–132, 134
  • transnational villagers, 103, 121–128
    • characteristics of transnational villages, 123
    • communication, 122
    • dual citizenship, 123
    • home communities, 121–122, 123
    • Miraflores Development Committee, 124–128
    • social remittances, 123
  • Transparency International (TI), 303, 337–340
  • Triads, 231–233
  • triple bottom line, 303, 342
  • tuberculosis (TB), 148, 152–153, 288–289
  • Turkey, 423–424
  • Tyler, Anne, 488–489
  • UDHR see Universal Declaration of Human Rights
  • UN see United Nations
  • UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 569
  • UNDP see United Nations Development Programme
  • UNESCO, 77–78
  • UNFCCC see United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
  • unions
    • counterhegemonic globalization, 552–553
    • deglobalization and the WTO, 570–571
    • global markets and nation‐states, 242
    • neoliberalism, 70
    • Porto Alegre Call for Mobilization, 583
    • sociology of the global system, 63–64
  • United Kingdom, 70–72
  • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 281, 553, 560
  • United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 305, 535, 537–538, 540
  • United Nations Population Fund (UNPF), 284
  • United Nations (UN)
    • abortion liberalization in world society, 253, 255
    • climate change, 304–308, 310–311
    • climate change/climate justice, 531–538
    • corporate social responsibility, 341, 344
    • cosmopolitanism and humanism, 493
    • counterhegemonic globalization, 555–556
    • declining authority of states, 220–221, 230
    • female genital cutting, 313, 315, 317–319
    • Global Compact, 265, 291–296
    • global governance, 262–265
    • globalization and civil society, 301–302
    • individualization of society, 249
    • multilateral anti‐corruption approach, 340
    • women’s human rights and Islam, 321–322
    • world society and the nation‐state, 74, 77
  • United States
    • abortion liberalization in world society, 254–255
    • bin Laden, Osama and radical Islamists, 418, 422
    • climate change/climate justice, 533
    • evangelical Protestantism, 437–442
    • global markets and nation‐states, 240–243
    • International Monetary Fund, 267
    • International Organization for Standardization, 277–279
    • market fundamentalism, 213, 215–216
    • medical tourism, 143
    • multilateral anti‐corruption approach, 339–340
    • neoliberalism, 70–72
    • ozone depletion, 527–529
    • power through neglect, 187–188
    • sticky superpower status, 165, 184–188
    • sustainable development and dam construction, 521–522
  • United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 125, 152
  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
    • cosmopolitanism and humanism, 493
    • female genital cutting, 317
    • twelve assumptions of an alter‐globalization strategy horizontality, 565
    • women’s human rights and Islam, 323, 326–327
    • world citizenship, 334
  • universalism
    • cosmopolitanism and humanism, 494
    • decontextualization of Asian religious practices, 451, 453
    • global field model, 87–89
    • globalized Islam, 427
    • Hollywood, 410
    • world culture in the world polity, 331–332
  • UNPF see United Nations Population Fund
  • upgrading strategy, 176–182
  • UPS unions, 552–553
  • urban/rural, 44
  • USAID see United States Agency for International Development
  • van Driel, Hugo, 276
  • versatile masculinity, 388
  • Vienna Convention, 527–528
  • Vietnam, 378
  • violence against women, 318
  • virtual markets, 53–54
  • virtual migration, 103, 129–136
    • distinction from physical migration, 129–130
    • reconfiguring the lifeworld, 133–136
    • spatial integration, 130–132
    • temporal integration, 132–134
  • Vivekananda, 453
  • voodoo, 150–151
  • war and conflict
    • clash of civilizations, 9, 32–39
    • climate change, 308–310
    • conflict trap, 165, 195, 198–199
    • Dubai, UAE, 140–141
    • fault lines between civilizations, 36–37
    • feminine identity, 467–468
    • global cultural economy, 90
    • globalization as an analytical tool, 27
    • globalization as a political agenda, 29–30
    • medical tourism, 142–143
    • Millennium Development Goals, 44–45
    • next pattern of conflict, 32–33
    • organized crime, 236
    • West versus the Rest, 38–39
    • why civilizations will clash, 33–36
    • see also civil war
  • Washington Consensus
    • global justice, 557, 559
    • market fundamentalism, 211
    • microfinance, 349–350, 352
    • neoliberalism, 71–72
    • sociology of the global system, 60
    • United States’ sticky superpower status, 185
  • Watching Dallas (Ang), 360–362, 364
  • water stress, 540–541
  • WCC see World Council of Churches
  • WCD see World Commission on Dams
  • WEACT see West Harlem Environmental Action
  • wealth
    • Bollywood versus Hollywood, 400
    • cultural imperialism, 357–358, 360–364
    • Dubai, UAE, 104, 137–141
    • extremism and religious fundamentalism, 594–595
    • income inequality, 165, 189–193
    • nationalism, 585–587
    • religion and antiglobalization activism, 447
  • WEF see World Economic Forum
  • welfare see social insurance/welfare
  • Westernization
    • Bollywood versus Hollywood, 398–400
    • clash of civilizations, 34, 38–39
    • feminine identity, 465–467
    • globalization and media, 356–357
    • globalized Islam, 424–426
    • global justice, 19–21
    • impacts of globalization, 9
    • media flow and contra‐flow, 370–373
    • strategic inauthenticity, 480
    • women’s human rights and Islam, 320–323
  • West Germany, 69–70
  • West Harlem Environmental Action (WEACT), 533
  • whaling, 508
  • WHO see World Health Organization
  • Williamson, John, 60
  • women’s rights
    • abortion liberalization in world society, 252–257
    • female genital cutting, 313–319
    • globalization and civil society, 302–303
    • Iran’s One Million Signatures Campaign, 323–327
    • Islam, 320–327
    • Western bias in human rights development, 320–323
    • see also gender equality
  • World Bank
    • advocacy networks, 514
    • deglobalization and the WTO, 570
    • ecological balance, 576
    • female genital cutting, 313
    • Gates Foundation, 288
    • global governance, 266
    • global justice, 560
    • market fundamentalism, 214–215, 217
    • microfinance, 350
    • multilateral anti‐corruption approach, 337
    • neoliberalism, 68
    • Porto Alegre Call for Mobilization, 584
    • sociology of the global system, 59–60, 62–63
    • sustainable development and dam construction, 521–524
  • world citizenship
    • corporate social responsibility, 342
    • cosmopolitanism and humanism, 492
    • world culture in the world polity, 333–334
  • World Commission on Dams (WCD), 524–525
  • World Council of Churches (WCC), 446–447, 448–449
  • World Economic Forum (WEF)
    • antiglobalization/alternative globalization movements, 546–547
    • climate change/climate justice, 500, 539–542
    • Porto Alegre Call for Mobilization, 582
    • sociology of the global system, 63
  • World Economic Outlook (IMF), 196
  • World Health Organization (WHO)
    • female genital cutting, 313, 315–316, 318–319
    • Gates Foundation, 288
    • global health governance, 283–284
    • individualization of society and liberalization of same‐sex policy, 246
    • processes of globalization, 2
  • World Social Forum (WSF), 547–549
    • counterhegemonic globalization, 551–552
    • deglobalization and the WTO, 571–572
    • global justice, 558–559
    • Porto Alegre Call for Mobilization, 549, 582–584
    • religion and antiglobalization activism, 447–448
  • world society
    • abortion liberalization in world society, 251–258
    • climate change, 304
    • construction of nation‐state identity and purpose, 77–78
    • explanatory models, 75, 75
    • globalized religion, 415
    • individualization of society and liberalization of same‐sex policy, 249–250
    • isomorphism and isomorphic change, 73, 75–76
    • legitimation of subnational actors and practices, 79–80
    • nation‐states, 50, 73–81
    • processes of world society’s impact on nation‐states, 76–80
    • systemic maintenance of nation‐state actor identity, 78
  • world‐system theory, 49, 52–58
    • division of labor, 52–53, 56–57
    • firms and production systems, 55–58
    • first wave of globalization, 108
    • global field model, 83, 85
    • institutions of a capitalist system, 53–56
    • markets and monopolies, 54–58
    • power, 53
    • state, the, 54–58
  • World Trade Organization (WTO)
    • antiglobalization/alternative globalization movements, 546, 548
    • climate change, 306–307
    • climate change/climate justice, 533
    • deglobalization, 548, 568–572
    • ecological balance, 573, 576
    • financial crises, 164
    • global governance, 264
    • global health governance, 283
    • global justice, 557, 560
    • global markets and nation‐states, 238–241
    • impacts of globalization, 3
    • market fundamentalism, 214, 216
    • neoliberalism, 68, 71–72
    • over‐financialization and over‐globalization, 208
    • political globalization, 221
    • Porto Alegre Call for Mobilization, 584
    • processes of globalization, 2
    • sociology of the global system, 59–60, 63
  • World Values Survey (WVS), 586
  • World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), 305–306
  • Worthy Park, Jamaica, 105–108
  • WSF see World Social Forum
  • WTO see World Trade Organization
  • WVS see World Values Survey
  • WWF see World Wide Fund for Nature