1. Introduction to Creating and Capturing Value Through Crowdsourcing
Christopher L. Tucci, Allan Afuah, and Gianluigi Viscusi
Conclusions and Future Research Directions
Part I. Crowdsourcing: Fundamentals and the Role of Crowds and Communities
2. Crowdsourcing: A Primer and Research Framework
Theoretical Rationale Behind Crowdsourcing
Internal Versus External Crowdsourcing
The Relationship Between Open Innovation and Crowdsourcing
Disadvantages of Crowdsourcing
Why the Interest in Crowdsourcing?
Value Created and/or Captured during Crowdsourcing
Seeker Organization’s Attributes
Moderating Effect of Crowdsourcing Strategy
Moderating Effect of Meso Environment
Moderating Effect of Macro-Environmental Factors
Conclusions and Future Research
Gianluigi Viscusi and Christopher L. Tucci
Online Distributed Innovation: A Crowd is not a Group
Crowd as a Solution to Distant Search: When is the Right Time?
Ideas Come Next: The Rise of Crowd-Driven Entrepreneurship
Key Questions for the Crowd-Oriented Organization
Conclusions and Future Research
4. How Firms Leverage Crowds and Communities for Open Innovation
Communities, Crowds, and Collaboration
Hybrid Crowds: When Crowds are Like Communities
Motivating Network Collaborators
Structural Forms of Participation Architecture
Intrinsic Motivations Driving Participation in Communities and Crowds
Extrinsic Motivations Driving Participation in Communities and Crowds
Degrees of Collaborative Innovativeness
Direct Contributions to Open Innovation
Indirect Contributions to Open Innovation
Contributions Beyond Innovations
Discussion, Conclusions, and Future Research
5. The Road to Crowdfunding Success: A Review of the Extant Literature
Vincenzo Butticè, Chiara Franzoni, Cristina Rossi-Lamastra, and Paola Rovelli
Crowdfunding: Its Features and Definitions
Achieving Crowdfunding Success
The Main Features of a Crowdfunding Campaign
Fundraiser Motivations and Characteristics
Fundraiser–Crowdfunder Interactions
Conclusions and Future Research
Part II. Tournament-Based Crowdsourcing
6. A Problem in the Making: How Firms Formulate Sharable Problems for Open Innovation Contests
Martin W. Wallin, Georg von Krogh, and Jan Henrik Sieg
Cognizing Problems or Constructing Problems?
Research Setting and Case Selection
Towards a Framework for Formulating Sharable Problems for Innovation Contests
Generative Process Elements in Formulating Sharable Problems
Theoretical Replications of Unsuccessful Cases
Discussion, Conclusions, and Future Research
Implications for Crowdsourcing
Implications for Open Innovation
Implications for Innovation Intermediation
Limitations and Future Research
7. The Role of Information Patterns in Designing Crowdsourcing Contests
Gireeja V. Ranade and Lav R. Varshney
Contributions and Main Results
Multiple Tasks and Multiple Workers
Crowdsourcing Contests as All-Pay Auctions
Crowdsourcing Versus Assignment
Conclusions and Future Research
Part III. Collaboration-Based Crowdsourcing
8. Renegotiating Public Value with Co-Production
Antonio Cordella, Andrea Paletti, and Maha Shaikh
Value Creation in the Public Sector
Bureaucracy and Value Creation
Public Value: Beyond Bureaucracy
Co-Production: New Modes of Value
Co-Production and in the Public Sector: A New Value Generating Proposition
Conclusions and Future Research
Natalia Levina and Anne-Laure Fayard
Boundary Spanning in Organizations
Management Consultants as Knowledge Brokers
Collaborative Production in Online Communities
Boundary Spanning with Clients
Online Collaboration Practices for External Consumption
Conclusions and Future Research
Milica Šundić and Karl-Heinz Leitner
The Rise of Openness and Co-Creation
Risks of Openness and Crowd Involvement
Research Framework and Questions
Three Co-Creation Approaches from an Austrian Telecommunication Provider
Commercial Feasibility of Ideas
User Participation and Behavior
Social Media Tools for Communities
Open Co-Creation with Customers
Semi-Open Co-Creation with Employees
Conclusions and Future Research
Part IV. Hybrids: Tournament-Based and Collaboration-Based Crowdsourcing
Background Literature: Co-opetition and Why Crowdsourcing
Framework for Exploring the Impact of Co-opetition on Crowdsourcing Performance
Competition by Solvers: Tournament-Based Crowdsourcing
Moderating Role of Cooperation to Reduce Frictions
Cooperation by Solvers: Collaboration-Based Crowdsourcing
Moderating Role of Competition to Reduce Problem Module Solution Inefficiency
Conclusions and Future Research
12. Prediction Markets For Crowdsourcing
Christian Horn, Marcel Bogers, and Alexander Brem
Crowdsourcing for Knowledge in Innovation Management
Prediction Markets and Crowdsourcing
Empirical Analysis: Case and Methodology
Conclusions and Future Research
13. Ethics in Crowdsourcing: Revisiting and Revising the Role of Stakeholder Theory
Daniel Curto-Millet and Arsalan Nisar
Core Concepts of Stakeholder Theory
A De-Centralized View of the Firm
Holistic Analysis and Guidance
The Applicability of Stakeholder Theory for Crowdsourcing
Challenging Traditional Notions of the Firm
Evolving Stakeholder Identities
Challenges: Stakeholder Theory and Crowdsourcing
Novel Notions of Rights Ownership