CONTENTS

Chapter 1 Not What the Founders Had in Mind

The Presidency Has Grown—and the Citizens Have Shrunk

What Makes a Truly Great President?

Measuring Presidents—the Forgotten Yardstick

The Constitution Ignored

Chapter 2 The Presidency the Founders Created

The Electoral College and the Creation of “Deliberative Majorities”

The Founders on the Character of the Executive Office

George Washington’s Republican Modesty

Our Early Presidents: Defenders of the Constitution

The Birth of the Modern Presidency

Grading the Presidents

Chapter 3 Woodrow Wilson, 1913–1921

Wilson the Conservative?

The Revolutionary President

Wilsonian “Progress,” on a Collision Course with the Constitution

Wilson’s “Mature Freedom” versus the Founders’ “Liberty”

Wilson on the President: Visionary Leader, Voice of the People, and Crusher of the Opposition

Wilson, Enthusiast for Bureaucracy

Arrogance in Office

Chapter 4 Warren G. Harding, 1921–1923

The Most Underrated Modern President

An Unlikely Nomination, a Landslide Election

Harding, the Anti-Wilson

Solid Achievements in Foreign Affairs

Harding on the Constitution

Harding’s Posthumous Reputation

The Scandals

Chapter 5 Calvin Coolidge, 1923–1929

A Classical American Education

Rising Political Star

Coolidge in the White House

Coolidge’s One Supreme Court (Dis)Appointment

Chapter 6 Herbert Hoover, 1929–1933

Politics Is Not Engineering

Hoover Tries to Fix the Depression, Inadvertently Makes It Great

Out of Office, Hoover Moves Right

Chapter 7 Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 1933–1945

The Modern Left Is Far Left of FDR

The Paradox of FDR

FDR’s Living Constitutionalism

FDR’s Assault on the Judicial Branch

FDR’s Lasting Legacy: A Supreme Court Unconstrained by the Constitution

Chapter 8 Harry Truman, 1945–1953

The Self-Taught Statesman

Truman’s Last Great Achievement: Cold War Strategy

Abuse of Executive Power

Chapter 9 Dwight David (“Ike”) Eisenhower, 1953–1961

A Master Manager

Not an Ideological Conservative

Chapter 10 John F. Kennedy, 1961–1963

Kennedy’s Recklessness

Character and Performance in Office

Botching the Cuban Missile Crisis

JFK, Supply-Sider

Kennedy’s Political Legacy

JFK’s Constitutional Legacy

Chapter 11 Lyndon Baines Johnson, 1963–1969

The “Great Society” and the “War on Poverty”: Johnson Fails at Home

The Vietnam War: Johnson Fails Abroad

A Low Point in Judicial History

Chapter 12 Richard M. Nixon, 1969–1974

Nixon’s Complicated Character and Forgotten Magnanimity

The Embattled President

The Folly of Détente

Nixon’s Liberalism on Domestic Policy

Getting Watergate Wrong

Nixon’s Constitutional Legacy

Chapter 13 Gerald Ford, 1974–1977

Stagflation at Home

Weakness Abroad

A Mixed Record on the Constitution

Chapter 14 James Earl Carter, 1977–1981

Carter’s Character

Domestic Policy Disasters

President Malaise

Foreign Policy Disasters

President Carter’s Constitutional Grade

Chapter 15 Ronald Wilson Reagan, 1981–1989

Reagan the Restorer

Reagan’s Unfinished Agenda

The Pro-Life President

The President’s Prerogative Power

One Bull’s Eye and Two Close Shots

Chapter 16 George H. W. Bush, 1989–1993

Squandering the Reagan Legacy

Bush Abroad

A Split Decision

Chapter 17 William Jefferson Clinton, 1993–2001

By Order of the President

Clinton’s Monument Valley

I Beg Your Pardon

From Odometers to Anteaters

Things Go Better with Coke

Close Enough for Government Work

Family Values

Rich and Pinky

Descent to the Murky Bottom

The High Cost of Bad Character

Radicals in Black Robes

Chapter 18 George Walker Bush, 2001–2009

“Events, Dear Boy”

More Compassionate Than Conservative?

Defending America, Enraging the Left

Bush and the Constitution

Chapter 19 Barack Hussein Obama, 2009–?

Obama’s “Fourth Wave” Ambitions

The Nature of Obama’s Radicalism

Obama’s Contempt for the Middle Class

A Citizen of the World

Holding the Constitution in Contempt

Conclusion: Taking the Oath Seriously

Selected Bibliography

Index