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INDEX

2010 midterm election, 274

60 Minutes, 192

A

abortion, 192, 198, 220–21, 226, 234, 241, 25758

legalization of, 123, 158, 187

partial-birth abortion, 241, 258

Acheson, Dean, 131

Adams, John, 8, 22, 30, 239

Adams, John Quincy, 54

affirmative action, 163, 181, 198, 226, 241, 273

Afghanistan, 170, 207, 260, 266, 281

Agency for International Development (AID), 267

Agnew, Spiro, 190, 192

Aguinaldo, Emilio, 243

Al Qaeda, 265–66

al-Awlaki, Anwar, 280

Albert, Carl, 190

Alinsky, Saul, 164, 279

Alito, Samuel, 269, 284–85

Allen, Frederick Lewis, 73

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 111, 280

American Conservative Union, 173

American federalism, 17

American Federation of Labor (AFL), 86

American Heritage magazine, 146

American Revolution (see also: Revolutionary War), 82, 117

Americans with Disabilities Act, 231

Anderson, Patrick, 203

Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, 179, 265

Antiquities Act of 1906, 242

Arab League, 210

Arafat, Yasser, 208, 265, 281

Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, 254

Arthur, Chester, 135

Articles of Confederation, 13–14, 21

Assad, Hafez, 210

Atlantic Monthly, 62

Ayers, William, 273

B

Bagehot, Walter, 42

Baltimore Sun, 179

Barak, Ehud, 252

Barber, James David, 10

The Presidential Character, 10

Bay of Pigs, 58, 149, 152

Becerra, Xavier, 249

Becker, Carl, 83

Berlin Wall, 149–50, 214, 233

Berlin, Isaiah, 48

Bernstein, Carl, 183

Biden, Joseph (“Joe”), 227, 253

Bill of Rights, 9, 70, 117, 215

bin Laden, Osama, 265, 279

Black Liberation Army, 251

Blackley, Ronald Henderson, 250

Blackmun, Harry, 187

Blitzer, Wolf, 248

Territory of Lies, 248

Blum, John Morton, 39, 53

Borel, Art, 248

Borel, Doug, 248

Bork, Robert, 227, 234

Bourne, Peter, 203

Brandeis, Louis, 56, 92, 105, 113, 123

Braswell, Almon Glenn, 248

Brennan, William, 143–44, 234

Breyer, Stephen, 257–58

Brinkley, David, 202

Brinkley, Douglas, 210

Britton, Nan, 73

Brown, Jerry, 253

Brown, O. J., 226

Brown, Scott, 278

Browne, Malcolm, 179

Buchanan, James, 26, 182, 191

Homestead Act and, 27

Buck Island Reef, 242

Buckley, William F., 162, 196

Bureau of the Budget (see also: Office of Management and Budget), 65, 139

Burger, Warren, 187

Burke, Edmund, 42

Burns, James MacGregor, 112

Burton, Harold, 133

Bush, Barbara, 239

Bush, George H. W., 5–6, 132, 191, 22935

domestic policy of, 231

economic policy of, 232

as education president, 231

foreign policy of, 210, 232–33

as moderate Republican, 229

Operation Desert Storm and, 233

Ronald Reagan and, 230–32

Supreme Court appointments of, 233–35

taxes and, 229, 232

as vice president, 229, 232

welfare and, 231

Bush, George Walker, 259–70

2000 election and, 16, 18, 261

Bush Doctrine, 261, 267

compassionate conservatism of, 261–62

Constitution and, 268–70

“cowboy mannerisms” of, 259

economic policy of, 261–64

enhanced interrogation techniques and, 266

foreign policy of, 265–67

freedom agenda of, 267

Hurricane Katrina and, 263

Iraq war and, 210

McCain-Feingold campaign finance law and, 269–70

Medicare Part D and, 262

No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act and, 262

September 11, 2001, attacks and, 222

signing statements of, 268–69, 284

Social Security reform and, 263

strategery and, 57

Supreme Court appointments of, 269–70

terrorism and, 265–66, 269

Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), 264

Butler, Pierce, 70

Byrnes, James F., 124

C

Caddell, Pat, 203

Calhoun, John C., 25

Cali Cartel, 249

Califano, Joseph, 204

California Coastal Commission, 242

Cannon, Lou, 192

Cardozo, Benjamin, 105–6

Caro, Robert, 160, 162

Carrizo Plain, 242

Carswell, G. Harrold, 187

Carter, Billy, 208

Carter, James Earl (“Jimmy”), 190, 201–11

balanced budget and, 203

campaign of, 201–2, 204, 206

Carter doctrine, 207

election cycle and, 201

energy and, 204

as engineer, 99

foreign policy of, 180, 197

Gulf War and, 209

inflation and, 204–6

interpersonal skills of, 202–3

Iranian hostage crisis and, 208

Iraq War and, 210

malaise speech of, 205–6

national health insurance plan and, 204

Nobel Peace Prize of, 211

post-president actions of, 209–11

racism and, 202

Carter, Rosalynn, 238

Castro, Fidel, 149–50, 15657

Cato, 33

Cato Institute, 3

Chamberlain, John, 96

Chambers, Whittaker, 108, 125

Chase, Chevy, 190

Cheney, Richard (“Dick”), 195, 210

Chicago Tribune, 202

Christmas bombing, 177–78

Chomsky, Noam, 251

Cisneros, Henry, 250

Citadel Federal Savings Bank, 248

civil rights, 66, 92, 125, 152, 158, 161–63, 166, 17172, 181

Civil Rights Act of 1964, 162–63

Clarendon, 252

Clark, G. N., 71

Clark, Ramsey, 133, 165, 177, 208

Clark, Thomas (“Tom”), 132–33

Clarke, John H., 56

Cleveland, Grover, 28

Clinton library foundation, 252

Clinton Presidential Center, 255

Clinton Presidential Library and Museum, 255

Clinton, Chelsea, 245

Clinton, Hillary, 238–39, 246, 255

as co-president, 245, 248

Liberation Theology and, 245

Clinton, Roger (“Headache”), 249

Clinton, William Jefferson (“Bill”), 237–58

character of, 237, 256–57

Constitution and, 242–48, 25758

“Don’t ask, don’t tell” and, 241

Fueraz Armadas de Liberacion Nacional (FALN) and, 244

executive orders and, 239–41

impeachment of, 246, 256

Monica Lewinsky scandal and, 237, 244–46

monuments and, 239, 242

presidential pardon and, 242–53

Supreme Court appointments of, 257–58

terrorism and, 244

triangulation strategy of, 261

two-for-one presidency of, 238

welfare reform of, 255, 256

womanizing of, 237

Clough, Susan, 202

Coffelt, Leslie, 244

Collazo, Oscar, 244, 253

Collins, Susan, 280

Columbia University Law School, 92

Commager, Henry Steele, 78

Connally, John, 190

Constitution of the United States

Article I of, 19, 23–24

Article II of, 19–20, 23, 32

death penalty in, 123, 143, 158, 171

interpretation of, 7, 9, 24, 45–46, 116, 143, 171, 199, 218, 225, 234, 258, 269, 284

as living document, 12, 45–46, 11518, 123, 283

modern presidents and, 7, 29, 34

original intent of, 46, 199, 218, 258

Preamble of, 218

constitutional majority, 17–19, 260

constitutionalism, 10, 29, 34, 93, 115, 214, 223, 228

Coolidge, Calvin, 2, 62, 74, 77–93

autobiography of, 81

Boston police strike and, 86–87

business and, 79–80

Constitution and, 77, 81–82, 86, 9091, 9293

Declaration of Independence and, 82–83

education of, 81–82

farm relief and, 89

flood relief and, 90

foreign policy of, 90

judiciary and, 92–93

Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 and, 90–91

liberal hatred of, 78–87, 9092

“The Limitations of the Law,” 84, 93

misquotation of, 79

as model for Ronald Reagan, 87

political career of, 81, 85

“The Principles Fought for in the American Revolution,” 82

as progressive, 86, 88

re-election and, 91

as “Silent Cal,” 78–79

taxes and, 66

Cox, Archibald, 183

Creel, George, 53

Cronkite, Walter, 152

Curtis, Edwin, 86

D

Daily Mirror, 178

Darwin, Charles, 42, 45–46

Darwinism, 44–45

Daschle, Tom, 266

Daugherty, Harry, 71–72

Davis, Jefferson, 253

Davis, John W., 132

Davis-Bacon Act, 101–2

Dean, John, 59, 63, 65–66, 70, 7374, 183

death penalty, 123, 143, 158, 171, 230

Debs, Eugene, 66

Declaration of Independence, 15, 42, 48, 82–83, 215, 222

Democrats, 11, 40, 67, 96, 121, 126, 128, 132, 141–42, 151, 155, 163, 176, 178, 183, 191, 198, 225, 227, 231, 241, 254, 26364, 274

détente, 173, 179–80, 19597, 206

Deutch, John, 250

Diggins, John Patrick, 213

Dirksen, Everett, 167

Dobrynin, Anatoly, 196

Dole, Bob, 9

Douglas, Helen Gahagan, 174

Douglas, William O., 123, 198

Douglass, Frederick, 171

Dukakis, Michael, 230

Duke of Wellington, 168

Duncan, Larry Lee, 248

Dunlop, Cyd, 243

E

economic bill of rights, 219–20

Economist, 178, 254

Eden, Anthony, 140

Ehrlichman, John, 184

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 97, 135–44

conservatism of, 141

Constitution and, 143–44

internationalism of, 140, 142

interstate highway system of, 142

as manager, 138–41

“mediocrity” of, 135–36

military background of, 135, 142

popularity of, 136

Suez Canal and, 140

Supreme Court appointments of, 142–44

television appearances of, 138

World War II and, 135, 141

Electoral College

Al Gore and, 18, 260

as “anti-democratic,” 16

deliberative majorities and, 16–19

Emanuel, Rahm, 274

Enron, 263

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 181, 188

Espy, Mike, 247, 250

Evans, Linda Sue, 251

Evans, M. Stanton, 173

Evening Telegraph, 215

Exner, Judith Campbell, 147

F

Fall, Albert, 71

Fall, Bernard, 168–69

“The Family,” 251

Fannie Mae, 264

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 90

Federal Register, 181

Federal Reserve Bank, 37, 205, 220, 264

Federalist No. 45, 25

Felzenberg, Al, 135

Fifth Amendment, 72, 226

takings clause of, 226

Fink, Gary, 202

First Amendment, 269

Fleming, Ian, 251

Fonda, Jane, 177

Forbes, Charles, 72

Ford, Betty, 190

Ford, Gerald R., 45, 189–99

character of, 189–90

Constitution and, 197–99

clumsiness of, 193

détente and, 180

Eastern Europe and, 195–97

Freedom of Information Act and, 198

Nixon pardon and, 191

rhetorical skills of, 192

stagflation and, 193–94

Supreme Court appointments of, 198–99

veto power and, 197–99

Vietnam War and, 194–97

Foreign Affairs, 207

Fortas, Abe, 170–71

Founders (see also: Founding Fathers)

branches of government and, 143

Congress and, 50, 54, 138, 268

constitutional philosophy of, 70, 199, 234, 258, 284, 286

individual rights and, 42, 48, 117, 283

liberty and, 47–49

political philosophy of, 46, 214, 222–23

presidency and, 1–35, 61, 137, 243, 269

tradition of, 42

Foxman, Abe, 170–71

Frank, Barney, 253, 264, 284

Frankfurter, Felix, 123, 143

Freddie Mac, 264

Friedman, Milton, 174

Fuerzas Armadas de Liberacion Nacional (FALN), 244

G

Galbraith, John Kenneth, 154

Gallup Poll, 136, 272

Garner, John Nance, 103

Geneva Convention, 266

Gerry, Elbridge, 14

Giancana, Sam, 147

Gibson, Charlie, 276

Gingrich, Newt, 231, 256

Ginsberg, Ruth Bader, 257–58

Women’s Rights Law Reporter, 257

Ginsburg, Douglas, 227

Giuliani, Rudolph, 251

global warming, 265

Goldberg, Arthur, 158

Goldberg, Jonah, 52

Goldfinger, 251

Goldsmith, Jack, 280

Goldwater, Barry, 160–64, 183

Civil Rights Act and, 163

Gompers, Samuel, 86

Gorbachev, Mikhail, 210, 214

Gore, Al, 4, 16, 18, 176, 260, 281

Governor’s Island, 242

Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument, 242

Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, 242

Grant, Ulysses S., 11

Great Depression, 66, 74, 89, 100, 111, 264

media presidency and, 96

New Deal and, 109

World War II and, 107, 114

Green, Pincus “Pinky,” 251–53

Greenspan, Alan, 193

Greenstein, Fred I., 10, 136–37, 174

The Presidential Difference: Leadership Style from FDR to Clinton, 10

Gregory, Dick, 160

Guantanamo Bay detention center, 266, 279

Guardian, 178

Gulf of Tonkin, 167

Gulf War, 209, 233

H

Hackett, David, 164

Hamby, Alonzo, 129

Hamilton, Alexander, 15–16, 24, 42, 45, 82, 85, 93, 125, 224, 243, 254, 268, 271

Hand, Learned, 124

Hardball, 254

Harding, Florence, 73, 238

Harding, Warren G., 57–75, 77, 8788, 96, 98, 139, 100, 215, 232

affairs and, 73–74

child labor legislation and, 67

civil rights and, 66

Constitution and, 69–70

foreign affairs and, 67–69

inaugural address of, 69

income tax rates and, 66

landslide election of, 60

looks of, 57, 70, 73

Marion Star and, 75

media and, 63

modernization of government budget, 65

modesty of, 61

nomination of, 60–61

popularity of, 57

recession and, 63, 66

reputation of, 2, 57–59

rumors and, 72–73

Washington Naval Conference of 1921 and, 68

Harkin, Tom, 253

Harlan, John Marshall, 143

Harrison, Benjamin, 31

Hatfield, Mark, 97

Havel, Vaclav, 195

Haynsworth, Clement, 187

Healy, Gene, 3–4, 71

Hearst, Patricia (“Patty”), 243, 250

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 42–45

Philosophy of History, 50

Helsinki Accords of 1975, 195–96

Hepburn Act, 32

Herbert, Bob, 253–54

Hesburgh, Theodore, 164

Hicks, John, 79

Republican Ascendancy, 79

Hill, Charles, 231

Hiss, Alger, 173–74

Ho Chi Minh, 168–69

Holder, Eric, 244, 280

Holmes, Oliver Wendell

Hoover, Herbert, 62–63, 95106

American Individualism, 97

bonus army and, 99

Communism and, 95

Constitution and, 104–6

Davis-Bacon Act and, 101–2

as engineer, 99, 105

free enterprise and, 97

free markets and, 97

Great Depression and, 96, 100, 102, 104

media and, 96, 104

as orphan, 97

as secretary of commerce, 90–91, 95, 97

Smoot-Hawley tariff bill and, 102

Supreme Court appointments of, 105–6

Warren G. Harding and, 74–75

Hoover, Ike, 63

Horwitz, Steven, 100, 102

House, Edward, 39

housing bubble, 263–64

Hubbell, Webster, 250

Hughes, Charles Evans, 62, 70, 105

Hughes, Harold, 178

Human Life Review, 221

Hunt, Howard, 183

Hurricane Katrina, 263

Hussein, Saddam, 209–10, 233, 267

I

independent judiciary, 17

Iraq, 170, 233, 260, 267, 281

Israel, 248, 282,

J

Jackson, Andrew, 30, 159, 185

Jackson, Jesse, 248, 256

Jackson, Robert H., 124

Jacobson, Max (“Dr. Feelgood”), 148

Jefferson, Thomas, 14, 21, 24, 30, 42, 45, 48–49, 8283, 85, 116, 186, 198, 217, 224, 239

Johnson, Andrew, 30–31, 58, 243

Johnson, Haynes, 79–80

Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 49, 157, 159–72, 176, 180, 183, 239, 248, 271

civil rights and, 161–63, 166, 172

Constitution and, 161

crudeness of, 159, 193

Great Society of, 162–66, 187, 274

political skills of, 159, 160–61

Supreme Court appointments of, 170–72

as vice president, 147, 152

Vietnam syndrome and, 170

Vietnam War and, 166–70

War on Poverty and, 162–66

Johnson, Paul, 58, 61, 66, 95, 98, 100, 175

Jones, Paula Corbin, 245–46

Jordan, Hamilton, 254

Joseph, Peggy, 3

K

Kagan, Elena, 185

Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks, 242

Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928, 90–91

Kellogg, Frank, 91

Kelly, Michael, 252

Kemp, Jack, 102, 154

Kennedy, Anthony, 227

Kennedy, Jackie, 147

Kennedy, John F., 145–58

assassination of, 39, 145, 147, 15657, 159, 161

Bay of Pigs and, 58, 149

Berlin Wall and, 150

civil rights and, 152, 158

Cuban Missile Crisis and, 150–52

economic growth and, 153–54

foreign policy of, 149, 152, 157

as icon, 3, 58

health of, 148

management style of, 149

missile gap accusation, 142

myth surrounding, 145–46, 150, 156

Profiles in Courage, 146

Supreme Court appointments of, 158

Vietnam War and, 152

womanizing of, 147–48

tax cuts of, 153–55

Kennedy, Joseph P., 155

Kennedy, Robert, 151, 157, 163

Kennedy, Ted, 147, 204, 227, 257, 278

Keynes, John Maynard, 100, 153, 155, 193, 274

Khomeini, Rouhollah Mousavi, 208

Khrushchev, Nikita, 149–50

King Fahd, 210

King George III, 14–15

Kinsley, Michael, 243

Kissinger, Henry, 174–76, 189, 19597, 206

Korean War, 125, 131–32, 14041, 176

Krauthammer, Charles, 243, 253

Krugman, Paul, 50, 114, 276

Ku Klux Klan, 39, 122

Kunstler, William, 251

Kyoto Protocol, 265

L

La Opinion, 178

Lafitte, Jean, 243

Landy, Marc, 11, 279

Lane, Rose Wilder, 96

Lansing, Robert, 39

Lasater, Dan, 249

League of Nations, 38, 54, 67–68

Permanent Court of International Justice, 68

Leebaert, Derek, 136

Lemann, Nicholas, 163

Libya, 208, 251, 282

Liddy, G. Gordon, 253

Lieberman, Joe, 151

limited government, 2, 4, 44, 46, 105, 141, 214, 261

Lincoln, Abraham, 31, 69, 83, 144, 145, 162, 176, 190–91, 213, 217, 221, 224, 239, 241, 244

Lindsey, Lawrence, 88, 155

Lloyd, Gordon, 103

Locke, John, 42, 222–25

Second Treatise on Government, 222

Longworth, Alice Roosevelt, 57

Louisiana Purchase, 224

Lowden, Frank, 60

M

MacArthur, Douglas, 125

MacMillan, Harold, 155, 260

Madison, James, 24–25, 4142, 45, 239, 243, 286

presidential speeches of, 30

Mansfield, Mike, 162

Marshall Plan, 131

Marshall, Thomas, 39

Marshall, Thurgood, 171, 234

Marx, Karl, 43, 156

Matthews, Chris, 254

May 19 Communist Organization, 251

Mayorkas, Alejandro, 249

McCain-Feingold campaign finance law, 269–70

McCarthy, Eugene

McCarthy, Joseph (“Joe”), 96, 151, 170

McCullough, David, 127

McDonald, Forrest, 11, 14, 21–22, 255

The American Presidency: An Intellectual History, 11, 255

Constitutional History of the United States, 14

McDougal, Susan, 250

McGovern, George, 175, 178, 184

McKinley, William, 8, 11, 146, 154, 244

McNamara, Robert, 167–68

McReynolds, James C., 55–56

Medicare, 160, 256, 262

Medicare Part D, 262

Meese, Edwin, 217–18

Mellon, Andrew, 62, 100

middle class, 110, 136, 278–79

Miers, Harriett, 269

Milken, Michael, 248

Milkis, Sidney, 11

Presidential Greatness, 11

Miller, Nathan, 57, 201

Minidoka Internment, 242

Minton, Sherman, 133

Mitford, Jessica, 245

Mitterrand, Francois, 210

Mixner, David, 241

modern presidency, 1, 4, 10, 12, 29–33, 35, 57, 107, 285

Mohammed, Khalid Sheikh, 266, 279

Moley, Raymond, 103, 113, 120

Mondale, Walter, 206

Monroe Doctrine, 261

Monroe, James, 239, 268

Monroe, Marilyn, 147

Moorer, Thomas, 177

Morison, Samuel Loring, 250

Morris, Kenneth, 202

Morrison, Toni, 238

Morrow, Lance, 209–10

Morse, Anson, 82

Moynihan, Daniel Patrick (“Pat”), 159, 191

Mubarak, Hosni, 210

Mulroney, Brian, 210

Murphy, Frank, 123

Murray, Robert K., 65

The Harding Era, 65

N

National Association for the

Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 171

Napolitano, Janet, 280

Nash, George H., 96, 98

Nasser, Gamal, 140

National Recovery Administration (NRA), 112, 119

National Security Act, 223

National Security Council (NSC), 139, 196

National Broadcasting Company (NBC), 3, 202

Netanyahu, Benjamin, 248, 282

Neustadt, Richard E., 10

Presidential Power and Modern Presidents, 10

Nevins, Allan, 78

New Republic, 254

New York Observer, 254

Newsweek, 197

Ngo Dinh Diem, 152

Nixon, Richard, 96–97, 104, 151, 17388

anti-ballistic missile (ABM) treaty of 1972 and, 179

character of, 174–75

Christmas bombing and, 177–78

civil rights and, 181

Cold War and, 173, 179, 207

détente and, 173, 179–80

domestic policy of, 173, 180–81

Endangered Species Act and, 188

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and, 181, 188

federal regulation and, 181

federal spending and, 180

impoundment and, 184, 186

Memoirs of Richard Nixon, 185

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and, 181

resignation of, 183

“secret plan” of, 176

Supreme Court nominations and, 9

as vice president, 136

Vietnam War and, 170

War Powers Act veto, 184, 188

as wartime president, 176

Watergate scandal and, 59

No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act, 262

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 131, 140, 149, 282

North, Oliver, 225

Novak, Michael, 184, 245

Will It Liberate?, 245

O

O’Connor, Sandra Day, 226–27, 269

O’Neill, Jonathan, 218

Obama, Barack Hussein, 271–86

academic background of, 279, 282

Afghanistan and, 281

apology tour of, 127, 271, 281

charisma of, 3–4, 85, 27172

as community organizer, 279

Constitution and, 274, 282–86

defense policy of, 282

executive power and, 7, 283

experience of, 146, 273

federal deficit and, 101, 275, 285

foreign policy of, 279–82

fourth wave ambitions of, 273–76

“hope and change” and, 4, 34, 271

inauguration of, 220

Israel and, 282

“Joe the Plumber” and, 276

Libya and, 282

as messiah figure, 272

meaning of name, 272

middle class and, 278–79

narcissism of, 272

Nobel Peace Prize of, 281

Obamacare and, 24, 277, 283, 285

shovel-ready projects of, 274–75

signing statements and, 269

socialism of, 276–77

stimulus bill of, 264, 274–75

Supreme Court appointments of, 9, 285

taxes and, 153, 219, 274–75

war on terror and, 260

Woodrow Wilson and, 41, 53, 55, 273–74, 28283, 28586

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 181, 188

Occupy Wall Street, 277

Office of Management and Budget (see also: Bureau of the Budget), 65

Operation Desert Storm, 233

Oswald, Lee Harvey, 157

Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court, 55

P

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 208, 265

Palin, Sarah, 111, 128

Paul, Ron, 29

Paulson, Henry, 264

Peltier, Leonard, 248

People United to Save Humanity (PUSH), 250

Perot, Ross, 5

Peters, Andrew, 86

Pham Van Dong, 168

Philadelphia Convention of 1787, 14–16, 1920, 4142

Philadelphia Record, 99

Phillips, Carrie, 73

Pierce, Franklin, 26, 55

Piereson, James, 156–57

Camelot and the Cultural Revolution, 156

Pollard, Jonathan, 248

Pompey’s Pillar, 242

Powell, Lewis, 187–88

presidency, office of

as commander in chief, 3, 19–20, 221, 282

Constitution and, 10–12

executive orders and, 239–40

Founding Fathers and, 13–35

history of, 2, 10, 121, 131

as limited office, 4, 15

modern understanding, 1, 4–5, 710, 12, 2933, 35, 57, 107, 285

national security and, 7, 24, 223, 268

popular election and, 16–18

powers of, 9, 11, 15, 24, 32, 132, 186, 239, 268

prerogative power of, 221–25, 268, 28485

presidential pardon, 242, 247–50, 257

self-government and, 2

unitary executive and, 19, 268

presidential office, 1, 77

presidential romantics, 3

Progressive Era, 17, 30, 78

Q

Qaddafi, Muammar, 208, 282

Queen’s speech, 33

Quinn, Jack, 252

R

Rabkin, Jeremy, 58–59, 68

Randolph, Eleanor, 202

Ravenel, Charles D., 249

Ray, Robert, 246

Reagan, Nancy, 230, 238

Reagan, Ronald, 213–28

abortion and, 220–21, 226

Abortion and the Conscience of the Nation, 221

air traffic controllers’ strike, 87

Berlin Wall and, 214

bully pulpit of, 4

Calvin Coolidge and, 82, 87

Cold War and, 213

Constitution and, 214–15, 21728

economic bill of rights of, 219–20

foreign policy of, 214, 222, 225

Franklin D. Roosevelt and, 108, 114, 214, 217, 219

as “great communicator,” 34

Harry Truman and, 128, 132

Helsinki Accords and, 195

Iran-Contra scandal, 221–22, 225, 243, 268

liberalism and, 216, 218, 225

limited government view of, 2, 181, 214

New Deal and, 109

political skill of, 38

Soviet Union and, 151, 179

Supreme Court and, 218, 221, 225

Supreme Court appointments of, 188, 226–28

supply-side economics of, 87, 102, 154

underestimation of, 62

Red Guerrilla Resistance, 251

Reed, Stanley Forman, 123

Reeves, Richard, 146

Regan, Don, 238

Rehnquist, William, 188, 226, 269

Reno, Janet, 244

Republicans, 7, 11, 38. 40, 109, 117, 121, 123, 125–26, 128, 133, 163, 183, 19091, 194, 231, 245, 156, 26264

Reston, James, 157

Revolutionary War (see also: American Revolution), 21

Reynolds, Mel, 250

Rich, Denise, 252

Rich, Marc, 252–53

Riddle, Howard Winfield, 248

Riley, Richard Wilson, 250

Rivers, Dorothy, 250

Robenhalt, James David, 57, 59

Roberts, John, 269, 284

Roberts, Owen, 105

Roche, John P., 168–69

Rockefeller, Nelson, 190–92

Rodham, Hugh, 248, 250

Romero-Barcelo, Carlos, 244

Romney, George, 197

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 238

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 107–24

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) and, 112

American founding and, 115–16, 124

“brains trust” of, 112

bureaucracy and, 110

character of, 122

class warfare and, 114

Commonwealth Club speech of, 115, 117

Constitution and, 7–8, 107, 109, 112, 11517, 11920, 12224

court-packing initiative of, 104–5, 115, 12024, 133, 285

death of, 126

Democratic Party and, 107, 109–10, 121, 12628

economic Bill of Rights of, 117

as elected monarch, 15–16

executive orders of, 239

four terms of, 23, 107

Great Depression and, 89, 107, 109, 111, 114

as great president, 213

Herbert Hoover and, 103

history and, 2

inconsistency of, 111

individual enterprise and, 110

individual property rights and, 117

mass media and, 104, 107

modern presidency and, 32, 41

National Recovery Administration (NRA) and, 112

New Deal and, 55, 70, 109–10, 11215, 118, 121, 12324

personality of, 104, 107

pragmatism of, 112

public employee unions and, 110

religion and, 111

Social Security and, 109

Supreme Court and, 92, 105

welfare state and, 116–17

Woodrow Wilson and, 49

World War II and, 111–12, 114, 122, 124

Roosevelt, James, 141

Roosevelt, Theodore, 5, 31–32, 41, 55, 60, 98, 107, 146, 224, 243

Rosenberg, Ethel, 123

Rosenberg, Julius, 123

Rosenberg, Susan, 251

Rostenkowski, Dan (“Rosty”), 247

Roth, Melissa, 255–56

Rudman, Warren, 234

Rumsfeld, Donald, 195

Russell, Francis, 60–61

Rutledge, Wiley, 124

S

Safire, William, 192

Sanford, Edward T., 70

Sarandon, Susan, 248

Sarbanes-Oxley law, 262

Scalia, Antonin, 227

Schaffer, Archie, 248

Schlesinger, Arthur, 11, 87, 203

The Age of Roosevelt, 87

The Imperial Presidency, 11

Schneider, William, 230

Schumer, Charles, 251, 253

Seaborn, Blair, 168

Second Amendment, 258

Senate, 17, 20, 38, 54, 58, 67–68, 7273, 86, 92, 12021, 146, 151, 15962, 167, 174, 183, 187, 220, 222, 225, 227, 249, 253, 262, 27778

September 11 terrorist attacks, 222, 259–61, 265

Shaw, Ben, 215

Sherrill, Robert, 160

Shields, Mark, 79, 82

Shriver, Sargent, 164, 184

Shultz, George, 231

Silver, Thomas B., 84

Simon, William, 193

Sister Souljah, 256

Smith, William French, 227

Smoot-Hawley tariff bill, 102

Sobel, Robert, 90

Social Security, 55, 106, 109, 141, 180, 256–57, 263

Solyndra, 275

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 195–96

The Gulag Archipelago, 196

Sonoran Desert, 242

Sotomayor, Sonia, 285

Souter, David, 234–35, 269

South Vietnam, 152, 169, 177, 179, 194–95

Staats, Elmer, 164

Stalin, Joseph, 112, 242, 245

Starr Report, 246

Starr, John Robert, 254

state of the union speech, 32–33, 53, 219

Statue of Liberty, 242

Stein, Herbert, 180

Stephanopoulous, George, 238

Stevens, John Paul, 198–99

Stewart, Potter, 143, 226

Stone, Harlan Fiske, 92, 133

Sullivan, Andrew, 254

Sununu, John, 234

supply-side economics, 87, 102, 154–55, 229

Supreme Court, 9–10, 3435

Bowers v. Hardwick, 158

Brown v. Board of Education, 171

Bush v. Gore, 198

Chevron v. NRDC, 198

Communication Workers v. Beck, 241

Cooper v. Aaron, 143

Dred Scott v. Sandford, 187, 221

Gitlow v. New York, 70

Griswold v. Connecticut, 123

Kelo v. City of New London, 226

Korematsu v. United States, 122

revolution of 1937 and, 105, 122

Roe v. Wade, 123, 158, 187, 220–21, 226, 257

University of California v. Bakke, 188

Wickard v. Filburn, 124

Warren Court, 187, 283

Sutherland, George, 70

Symbionese Liberation Army, 243

T

Taft, Robert, 140

Taft, William Howard, 70, 105

Tea Party, 29, 53, 220, 286

Tenth Amendment, 9

Thatcher, Margaret, 210, 213

Thomas, Clarence, 234–35, 255

Thomas, Norman, 60

Thomasson, Patsy, 249

Thurmond, Strom, 17

Time magazine, 197, 209

Torresola, Griselio, 244

Treuhaft, Robert, 245

Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), 264

Truman Doctrine, 132, 261

Truman, Bess, 244

Truman, Harry, 5, 58, 124, 125–33, 260

assassination attempt against, 244, 253

atomic bomb and, 127, 281

Cold War and, 130, 131–32, 151

Communism and, 130–31

Constitution and, 132–33

diplomatic recognition of the Vatican and, 130–31

Dwight D. Eisenhower and, 141

education of, 129–31

executive power and, 125, 132–33

foreign policy and, 131–32

interest in history of, 129

Korean War and, 125, 131–32

National Security Council (NSC) and, 139

re-election of, 6

religious sentiment of, 129–30

Soviet Union and, 126–28, 265

Supreme Court appointments and, 132–33, 142

Winston Churchill and, 125–26

Tucker, Robert, 208

Tugwell, Rexford, 103, 112, 115

Tulis, Jeffrey, 31

Tutu, Desmond, 248

Twenty-second Amendment, 23

tyranny of the majority, 14, 16–17

Tyson Foods, 248

U

U.S. Congress, 13–16, 19,

Barack Obama and, 283–84

Bill Clinton and, 239, 256

budget and, 25–27

Constitution and, 11

foreign policy and, 225

Founders and, 50, 138

Franklin D. Roosevelt and, 119–20

Gerald Ford and, 190–91, 194, 197, 199

George W. Bush and, 263–64, 268

as most important branch of government, 2

power to declare war of, 20

president and, 23, 31–33, 34

Richard Nixon and, 185–86

Ronald Reagan and, 217, 219–20, 22223

War Powers Act and, 184

Warren Harding and, 74

Woodrow Wilson and, 38, 45, 49, 53–54

UN Security Council, 210

Upper Missouri Breaks, 242

V

Versailles Treaty, 68

Vietnam War, 243

antiwar movement and, 176

“carpet bombing” of, 178

Gerald Ford and, 194, 197

Lyndon B. Johnson and, 162, 166–70

Richard Nixon and, 177

“Rolling Thunder” and, 168

strategy of, 152

Tet Offensive, 169–70

Vignali, Carlos Anibal, 249–50

Vignali, Horacio, 249–50

Villaraigosa, Antonio, 250

Vinson, Frederick, 133

Virgin Islands Coral Reef, 242

Volcker, Paul, 205

W

Wallace, George, 17, 161

Wallace, Henry, 126

Walsh, Joan, 273

Walthall, Denton, 5

War of 1812, 261

war on terror, 7, 260, 268

War Powers Act, 184, 188, 282

Ward, Peter, 179

Warmath, Billy Wayne, 248

Warren, Earl, 143–44, 171

Washington Post, 79, 178, 183, 224

Washington, George, 7, 129, 243

character of, 19–24

executive orders of, 239

Farewell Address of, 67

first inaugural address of, 8

as first president, 20

national bank and, 24

speeches of, 30

veto power and, 23

waterboarding, 266

Watergate, 59, 173–74, 179, 18287, 190, 192, 196, 199, 201, 225, 247, 253

Standard Heroic Account of, 182–83

Wattenberg, Ben, 239

weapons of mass destruction (WMD), 267

Weather Underground, 251

Weinberger, Caspar, 243

Weinig, Harvey, 249

Weyrich, Paul, 230

Whiskey Rebellion, 243

White, Byron, 158, 221

White, Theodore, 160, 175

Whittaker, Charles, 143

whiz kids, 167–68

Wicker, Tom, 178

Wildavsky, Aaron, 230

Wilentz, Sean, 213

Wills, Gary, 136

Wilson, Edith, 39, 238

Wilson, Woodrow, 37–56

academic background of, 42, 282

arrogance of, 53–56

Barack Obama and, 274, 283, 285

Birth of a Nation and, 39

bureaucracy and, 51–53

Congressional Government, 42, 44

as conservative, 39–41

Constitution and, 7–8, 30, 69, 77, 214, 239

Declaration of Independence, 42, 48

direct election of senators and, 37

elitism of, 51–52

Federal Reserve Bank and, 37

Federal Trade Commission and, 37

foreign policy of, 54

Founders and, 42, 45–50, 54, 58, 61

friends of, 39

history and, 2

individual freedom and, 43, 47–48

“Leaders of Men” and, 50

League of Nations and, 38, 54, 67–68

liberal reform and, 273, 286

media and, 63

modern presidency and, 32, 61, 107

The New Freedom, 43, 47

philosophical ideas of, 41–46, 48, 53, 5556

racism of, 67

state of the union address and, 32–33, 53

The State, 42

statolatry and, 52

Supreme Court and, 54–56

Versailles Treaty and, 54, 68

Wilsonianism, 38

World War I and, 37–38, 40, 5354, 6566

writing of, 42, 44, 50, 52

Women’s Rights Project, 257

Wood, Leonard, 60

Woodward, Bob, 183

World War I, 37–38, 40, 5354, 6566, 8890, 9597, 99, 102, 127, 141

World War II, 107, 111–12, 114, 122, 124, 127, 131, 135, 141, 14950, 158, 160, 182, 229, 265, 281

Wright, Jeremiah, 273

Wurzelbacher, Joseph (Joe the Plumber), 276