11 September 2001 (9/11) 162, 163, 165, 168, 168, 187, 281n.61, 282n.91, 287n.44
1914 4, 9, 66–8, 72, 76, 124, 135, 181, 201n.93, 230n.56, 232n.87, 286n.38 see also First World War
Aberdeen, Earl of (George Hamilton-Gordon) 3, 194n.19
Acheson, Dean 65, 77, 81, 109, 213n.66
Adams, John 183
Addington, Henry (1st Viscount Sidmouth) 3
Addison, Paul 265n.22
Adenauer, Konrad 40, 42, 62–5, 71–3, 219nn.32–4, 229n.28, 236n.153
Afghanistan 90, 103, 159, 162, 168, 169, 172, 188
Agricola 157
Albright, Madeline 147
Aldous, Richard 105
Amery, Julian 226n.83
Amery, Leo 9, 199n.68, 226n.83
Amiens, Treaty and Peace of 194n.17
Anaya, Admiral Jorge 95, 248n.18, 249n.40
Anderson, David 288n.61
Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) 47, 221n.10
Annan, Noel (Lord Annan) 10, 177, 199n.74, 207n.144
Anschluß 46
Anti-Suez Group 223n.26
appeasement 1–9, 11–19, 22–32, 34, 35, 37, 39–43, 45–50, 52–4, 56, 58, 61–4, 69, 71–3, 75–80, 82, 85, 86, 88, 89, 92–4, 97–100, 102, 104, 108, 111–14, 116–20, 123–6, 129–32, 135, 139, 141–4, 148–50, 153, 155–7, 159–64, 166–8, 171, 173–5, 177–87, 189–91, 193n.9, 194nn.12, 17, 20, 196n.36, 197n.49, 202n.103, 203–4n.120, 204n.121, 206–7n 144, 217n.118, 225–6n.77, 233–4nn.104, 106, 239n.24, 276n.225, 287n.45, 290n.65
appeasement – Counter-Revisionist school 16–17
appeasement – ‘Guilty Men’ thesis 5–7, 12–17, 59, 92, 150, 166, 178, 179, 195nn.25, 33, 197n.45
appeasement – historiography 13–7, 196n.36
appeasement – Revisionist school 6, 13, 16, 195nn.25, 33
ARA General Belgrano 258n.203
Arab League 118
Argentina 92–101, 104–13, 123, 130, 256–7n.168
Armada de la República Argentina (ARA) 96
Ascension Island 106
Ashdown, Jeremy (‘Paddy’) 149, 156
Asquith, Margot 1
Astor, Lord 207n.144
Atkins, Humphrey 99
Atlantic Charter 208n.5
Attlee, Clement 7, 18, 25, 28–31, 33, 37, 46, 47, 180, 213n.69
Australia 215n.98
Austrian State Treaty 42
Baghdad 125
Baker III, James 117, 122, 123, 125, 138
Baldwin, Stanley (Earl Baldwin of Bewdley) 32, 154, 195n.25, 215n.103
Balkans 131, 135, 147, 148, 154, 156, 157, 161, 265n.22, 266n.54
Ball, George 215n.99
Barber, Anthony 96
Barnett, Correlli 290n.65
Beck, Robert J. 8
Belgrade 71, 85, 131, 132, 136, 138, 140, 153, 183, 243n.67, 286n.27
Bell, Coral 219n.22
Beloff, Lord 3, 194nn.11–13
Benn, Tony 154
Bennett, Naftali 190
Bentham, Jeremy 135
Berlin 14, 26, 27, 29, 41, 61–6, 68–73, 76–8, 82, 85, 89, 118, 119, 149, 180, 181, 185, 186, 227n.6, 233–4nn.106–7, 236n.146, 237n.157, 238nn.11, 15
Berlin conference (1954) 41
Berlin Wall 64, 70, 71, 237n.157
Bevin, Ernest 26, 27, 28, 29, 37, 47, 73, 164, 180, 182, 183, 213n.69, 214n.91, 217n.123, 222n.15
Bicheno, Hugh 94, 96, 97, 99, 250n.51
Biden Jr., Joseph 131
Bihać 146, 266n.59, 271n.137, 273n.168
Bismarck, Otto von 161
Blair, Tony 157, 159–75, 180, 185, 187, 188, 201–2n.99, 279nn.33, 34, 36, 280nn.49, 56, 281n.69, 282–3nn.91, 93, 284n.115, 288n.61
Blake, Robert (Lord Blake) 266n.54
Boban, Mate 268–9n.95
Boer War (South African War) 124
Bogdanor, Vernon 153
Bolsheviks 22
Bonaparte, Napoleon 3, 12, 26, 56, 212n.44, 283n.93
Boothby, Robert 12
Borges, Jorge Luis 92
Bosnia-Herzegovina 8, 68, 130–5, 139–57, 160, 161, 163, 167, 168, 175, 180, 181, 183, 184, 187, 188, 264n.9, 267n.66, 268–9n.95, 270nn.114, 119, 271nn.127, 138, 271–2nn.143, 150, 273n.164, 274n.196
Bosnian Crisis (1908–9) 68
Bosnian Croats 130, 143, 148, 268–9n.95
Bosnian Muslims 130, 143, 147, 155
Bosnian Serbs 130, 140, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 150, 152, 155, 268–9n.95, 271n.127
Boudicca 115
Bradley, General Omar 35
Braine, Sir Bernard 110
Braithwaite, Sir Rodric 151
Brentano, Heinrich von 70
Bretton Woods system 166
Brezhnev, Leonid 81, 84, 86, 242n.48
Bright, John 18
Brighton 115
Brinksmanship 216n.107
Britain’s world role 4, 8, 26, 28–9, 34, 38, 62, 67, 119, 133–4, 160, 180
British Empire 4, 5, 8, 14, 24, 38, 53, 55, 61, 81, 109, 117, 188
Brodie, Bernard 33
Brodsky, Joseph 166
Brown, Ernest 195n.25
Brown, Gordon 283n.98
Bruce, David K. E. 83
Brzezinski, Zbigniew 246n.101
Buenos Aires 96
Bulganin, Nikolai A. 43, 219n.23
Bulgaria 135, 161, 188, 189, 209n.21, 266n.54
The Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East 188
Bulgarian rebellion (1875) 266n.54
Bullock, Alan (Lord Bullock) 27
Bundesrepublik Deutschland (BRD) seeFederal Republic of Germany
Bundy, McGeorge 67
Burgin, Leslie 195n.25
Bush, George H.W. 117, 120–6, 131, 138, 142, 186
Bush, George W. 162, 164, 165, 167–70, 172–4, 187, 188, 279n.33, 280n.56, 280–1nn.60–1, 282–3nn.91, 97
Butler, R.A. (‘Rab’) 9, 46, 61, 62, 94, 199nn.68–9
Byrnes, James F. 26
Cable, James 86
Cadogan, Sir Alexander 25, 46, 155, 206n.142
Cagoulards 207n.144
‘Cagoulords’ 207n.144
Cairo 21
Calgacus 157
Callaghan, James 81, 83, 86, 92, 95, 96, 97, 100, 102, 112, 177, 242n.47, 243n.63, 247n.6
Cameron, David 94, 280n.49, 288n.61
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) 261n.26
Campbell, Alastair 163
Campbell, Ronald 94
Carrington, Lord 81, 95–100, 103, 110, 111, 139, 150, 151, 250n.52, 251nn.85, 87, 253n.120, 268–9nn.91, 95
Carrington-Cutileiro peace plan 268–9n.95
Castle, Barbara 247n.6
Castlereagh, Viscount (Robert Stewart, 2nd Marquess of Londonderry) 82, 184, 190, 287–8n.56
Cato 5, 15, 59, 102, 150, 154, 195n.25
Ceaușescu, Nicolae 187
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 42, 47, 50, 73, 95, 267n.75
Chalker, Lynda 151
Chamberlain, Joseph 129
Chamberlain, Neville 1–6, 8–10, 12, 13, 15–19, 21–6, 32–4, 42, 45, 46, 49, 50, 56, 58, 61–4, 71, 72, 77–9, 82, 90, 93, 94, 98, 101, 110, 122, 123, 129, 130–2, 135, 136, 146, 147, 151, 156, 165, 171, 177, 179, 180, 183, 184, 185, 187, 188, 195n.25, 197nn.40, 45, 199n.68, 203–4n.120, 205n.132, 211n.29, 246n.91, 272n.151, 280n.54, 289n.61, 290n.63
Chamberlain, Sir Austen 2
Chancellor, Alexander 116
Channon, Sir Henry ‘Chips’ 9, 199n.69, 210–11n.29
Charles V 26
Cheney, Dick 123, 163, 173, 186
Chetniks (Četnici, Четнициv) 137
‘Chicken’ 216n.107
Chilcot, Sir John 283n.98
Chilton, Paul 163
China 28, 29, 31, 34, 49, 77, 88, 122, 168, 182, 213n.66, 213nn.73, 214nn.76, 214n.91, 253n.113 see also People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Republic of China
Chirac, Jacques 147
Churchill, Lady Clementine 197n.43
Churchill, Sir Winston 5–7, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 19, 21–5, 28, 29, 33–5, 37–43, 45, 48, 51, 52, 62, 69, 72, 76, 82, 86, 89, 91–4, 103–4, 105, 108, 110, 120, 122, 123, 124, 127, 151, 163, 167, 171, 174, 179, 187, 188, 195n.27, 197nn.43, 45, 201–2n.99, 205n.132, 208n.5, 210n.27, 212n.44, 214n.88, 220nn.37, 41, 3, 222n.25, 233n.98, 257n.170, 279n.33, 282n.91
Churchill, Winston (1940–2010) 82, 89
Chuter, David 11
Ciano, Count Galeazzo 10
Cigar, Norman 155
Clarke, Peter 7
Clinton, William J. 141, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148, 155, 160, 186, 268–9n.95, 271n.127
Cliveden Set 206–7n.144
‘Clivedenite’ 207n.144
Cockburn, Claud 206–7n.144
Cold War 2, 5, 7, 9, 22, 27, 31, 40–2, 66, 77, 81, 85, 86, 108, 117, 119, 122, 126, 127, 131, 137, 148, 163, 165, 166, 169, 171, 175, 187, 198n.61, 202n.103, 219n.34, 253n.111
Cold War – Revisionist historiography 202n.103
Colville, Sir John (‘Jock’) 21
Comité secret d’action révolutionnaire 207n.144
The Commonwealth 38, 57, 103, 133
Communism 27–9, 31, 34, 40, 42, 86, 87, 90, 105, 120, 137, 180, 206n.140, 219–20nn.33–4, 240n.28
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) 77–9, 81, 82, 84–6, 239n.23, 241n.37, 242n.44, 242n.51, 242–3nn.56, 63, 243–4nn.65, 67–8, 244n.80
Conservative Party 13, 24, 33, 46, 50, 59, 85, 86, 89, 97, 104, 127, 131, 132, 163, 184, 201n.93, 205n.132, 250n.59, 253n.120
Conservative Party Conference (1984) 115
‘constructive engagement’ 289n.64
Contact Group 146, 147, 152, 269n.95, 275n.197
‘Containment’ 28, 43, 190, 246n.91
‘Containment’ in Bosnia 144, 145, 154
‘Containment’ of Iraq 167, 175
Contemporary History 201–2n.99
Cook, Robin 159, 162, 163, 279n.36
Cooper, Sir Frank 104
Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls (CoCom) 215n.98
counterfactual history 7, 167, 179, 197n.50
Cowling, Maurice 13, 15, 201n.97
Cranborne Robert ‘Bobbety’ (Lord Salisbury, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil,5th Marquess of Salisbury) 51
Craig, Campbell 31
Critchley, Julian 93
Croatia 131, 135, 137–40, 148, 151, 152, 154
Crossman, Richard 54, 56, 225n.66
Cruise O’Brien, Conor 152
Cuban Missile Crisis 67, 76, 182, 234n.107, 238n.11, 286n.38
Cubitt, Geoffrey 11
Curzon, Lord (George Nathaniel Curzon) 220n.3
Cutileiro, José 268–9n.95
Czechoslovakia 8, 9, 13, 28, 32, 77, 78, 80, 82, 89, 92, 119, 120, 124, 154, 155, 156, 166, 181, 182, 239–40nn.27–8, 287n.44, 289–90nn.63–4
Daalder, Ivo H. 149
Dalkeith 188
Damascus 190
Davies, Norman 167
Dayell, Tam 113, 125, 258n.203
Dayton agreement 148–9, 152, 274n.196
Deacon, Richard 95
Deng Xiaoping 88
Denmark 215n.98
Derwent Rolls Royce engines 31, 215n.95
Détente 7, 38, 39, 40, 66, 75, 77–82, 84–90, 119, 180, 187, 219n.22, 239n.21, 243n.65, 287n.45
Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) seeGerman Democratic Republic
Deutscher, Isaac 14
Dewar, Colonel Michael 151
Disraeli, Benjamin (Lord Beaconsfield) 82, 188–90, 266n.54
Documents on British Foreign Policy 1919–1939 196n.33
Dole, Robert J. 146
Dorman-Smith, Sir Reginald 195n.25
Douglas-Home, Sir Alec (Lord Dunglass, Lord Home) 9, 22, 24, 75, 79, 81, 210n.28, 233–4nn.106–8, 236–7nn.153, 157
du Cann, Edward 103
Duff Cooper, Alfred 1, 9, 198–9n.65
Dulles, John Foster 51, 55, 63, 65, 216n.107
Dunglass, Lord seeDouglas-Home, Sir Alec
Duroselle, Jean Baptiste 220n.38
Dutton, David 46
East Berlin Rising (1953) 78, 89, 119
East Germany seeGerman Democratic Republic (GDR)
‘East of Suez’ 205n.132
‘Eastern Locarno’ 38–41, 243n.65
‘Eastern Question’ 135, 161, 266n.54
Eden, Sir Anthony (Lord Avon) 3, 8, 12, 13, 21, 23, 25, 27, 33, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 45–59, 61, 62, 71, 93, 102, 118, 137, 153, 178, 180, 193n.9, 201n.95, 216n.115, 218n.12, 220nn.37, 42, 222n.25, 224n.43, 224n.62, 225n.66
‘Eden Group’ 12–13
Edward VIII 17
Egypt 41, 42, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 54, 56, 57, 167, 169, 223n.29
Éire 94
Eisenhower, Dwight D. 34, 35, 40, 43, 47, 49, 53, 55, 63, 65, 68, 185, 228n.22
El Alamein, Battle of 257n.170
Eritrea 6
‘ethnic cleansing’ 129, 135, 143, 145, 152, 153, 160, 161, 267n.66
European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) 42
European Community (EC) 133, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 145, 155
European Defence Community (EDC) 42
European Economic Community (EEC) 85, 103
Evans, Sir Richard 166
Exocet missile 247n.2
Fabius, Laurent 289n.61
Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia 123
Falkland Islands 11, 91–100, 102, 107–14, 116–20, 122–4, 127, 130, 133, 161, 178, 203–4n.120, 247n.6, 250n.37, 253n.111, 253n.113, 255n.144, 255n.149, 258n.203
Falkland Islands Council 113
Fall, Brian 108
Farrar-Hockley, General Sir Anthony 151
Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) 42, 72, 77, 78, 84, 215n.98, 218n.12, 239n.23, 243n.62 see also Germany
Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) (Helsinki Final Act) 75, 77, 78, 82–7, 89, 119, 219n.22, 239n.23, 243n.57, 243n.63, 244n.80
First World War (Great War) 3, 4, 9, 16, 24, 61, 63, 66–8, 72, 76, 124, 131, 164, 185, 195n.23, 230n.56, 280n.54, 286n.38 see also 1914
Fitzgerald, Desmond 215n.99
Fleet Air Arm (FAA) 31
Foot, Michael 5, 59, 102, 109, 110, 144–5, 154, 178
Ford, Gerald R. 78, 83, 87, 89, 245n.82, 246n.94
Formosa (Republic of China, Taiwan) 30, 31, 34
Forrestal, James 26
Forsyth, Frederick 114
Fox, Liam 288n.61
France 7, 8, 18, 21, 39, 42, 49, 50, 131, 133, 139, 144, 146, 190, 194n.17, 215n.98, 225n.68, 269n.95
Franco, General Francisco 29, 272n.151
Franks Committee, Franks Report 96, 100, 111, 112, 113, 250n.52, 252n.91, 258n.202
Frasier, William 47
Freedman, Sir Lawrence 96, 97, 249n.40, 250n.51
French invasion of Spain (1808) 284n.109
Gagarin, Yuri 233n.100
Garvey, Sir Terence 82
de Gaulle, Charles 65, 72, 183, 236n.153
Geneva Conference (1954) 42
Genscher, Hans-Dietrich 140, 269n.105
George, Margaret 13
German Democratic Republic (GDR) 62, 63, 64, 65, 70, 72, 73, 85, 228n.16, 236n.145, 237n.157 see also Germany
Germany 3, 5, 25, 26, 39, 40, 41, 51, 62, 66, 67, 69, 77, 79, 85, 94, 122, 133, 134, 139, 140, 145, 146, 150, 167, 190, 195n.23, 199n.74, 206n.143, 218n.10, 218n.12, 230n.56, 231nn.62, 69, 233n.106, 238n.15, 246n.91, 269nn.95, 105 see also East Germany; FRG (BRD); GDR (DDR); West Germany
Gilmour, Ian 93, 97–100, 101, 111, 251n.85
Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry 90
Gladstone, William Ewart 161, 167, 188–90, 266n.54
Glubb, Sir John 49
Goebbels, Josef 209n.8
Goldwater, Barry 78, 239n.24, 239n.25
Gorazde 273n.168
Gorbachev, Mikhail 86, 89, 114, 119, 120, 125, 127, 138, 195n.22
Gott, Richard 14, 258–9n.205
Gow, Ian 250n.59
‘Grand Alliance’ 7, 21, 24, 127
Greece 135, 136, 137, 209n.21, 215n.98
‘Greeks and Romans’ analogy 53, 224n.59
Grenadier Guards 186
Griffiths, Nigel 156
Grimond, Jo 48
‘Guilty Men’ thesis 5–7, 12–17, 59, 92, 150, 166, 178, 179, 195nn.25, 33, 197n.45
The Gulag Archipelago 245n.82
Gulf War (1991) 126, 127, 132, 261n.28, 263n.56
The Guns of August 67, 76, 187, 237n.5, 287n.50
Haider, Ali 289n.61
Haig, General Alexander 93, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 123, 248n.18
Hain, Peter 129
Halbwachs, Maurice 11
Haldane, J. B. S. 32
Halifax, Lord (Edward Frederick Lindley Wood) 10, 12, 15, 180, 183, 195n.25, 207n.144
Hall, Sir Peter 136
Hannay, Sir David 151, 155, 261n.31
Harrison, Brian 178
Hastings, Max 99
Hattersley, Roy 82
Havers, Michael 255n.151
Hawkesworth, Celia 153
Hayter, Sir William 40, 80, 219n.23, 241n.41
Healey, Denis 78, 102, 249n.37
Heath, Edward 77, 78, 118, 124, 125, 131, 178, 190, 234n.106, 240n.27, 289n.63
Hedd Wyn (Ellis Humphrey Evans) vii
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 2
Henderson, Arthur 54
Henderson, Sir Nevile 15, 206n.143
Henderson, Sir Nicholas 105, 106, 114, 249n.37, 254n.140
Henlein, Konrad 155
Hennessy, Peter (Lord Hennessy of Nympsfield) 96, 211n.38, 249n.43
Herring, George C. 263n.59
Hess, Gary 122
Hessische Landeszeitung 197n.40
Heuser, Beatrice 9
Hildyard, Sir David 84
Hinchingbrooke, Viscount 41
Hiro, Dilip 122
Historical analogy xiii, 12, 56, 58, 77, 79–81, 104, 122, 125, 126, 155, 156, 163, 170, 177, 180, 187, 193n.4, 238n.17, 280n.60
Hitler, Adolf 4, 5, 7–10, 12–17, 21–4, 26–9, 33, 39, 45, 49, 51, 53, 54, 56, 63, 66, 73, 76, 77, 80, 85, 90, 92, 94, 111, 119, 120, 125, 126, 131, 136, 147, 152–6, 167, 171, 174, 178, 181, 184, 185, 186, 187, 190, 206n.140, 206–7nn.143–4, 208n.5, 224n.57, 265n.22, 275–6n.217, 280n.54, 290n.64
HMS Alacrity 249n.34
HMS Dreadnought 249n.34
HMS Endurance 95, 100, 101, 111, 251–2nn.85, 91
HMS Glamorgan 247n.2
HMS Phoebe 249n.34
Hoare, Sir Samuel (Viscount Templewood) 17, 195n.25
Hoare-Laval Pact 9, 24, 142, 268–9n.95
Hobsbawm, Eric 166
Hogg, Douglas 136, 145, 150, 154, 155, 266n.56
Hogg, Quintin (Lord Hailsham) 24, 227n.3, 266n.56, 289n.63
Holbrooke, Richard 148
Home, Lord seeSir Alec Douglas-Home
Hopkins, Harry 210n.27
Howard, Peter 5
Hughes, Emrys 219n.28
Hume, David 135
Hungarian Rising 54–5, 78, 80, 85, 103, 119, 166, 225n.72
Hungary 54, 85, 166, 209–10n.21
Hurd, Douglas (Baron Hurd of Westwell) 50, 86, 129–34, 137, 138, 140, 141, 143, 144–5, 147, 150–2, 154–7, 160, 161, 175, 180, 181, 183–5, 188, 190, 244n.75, 276n.225, 286n.27
Hussein, King of Jordan 49
Hussein, Saddam 120, 124, 126, 136, 163–5, 167, 172–5, 186, 187, 191, 263n.59, 280n.60
Idris, General Salim 289n.61
Imperial Chiefs of Staff 203–4n.120
India 136
Indo-China 48
Indonesia 205n.132
Ingham, Sir Bernard 122–3, 261n.34
Inskip, Sir Thomas (Lord Caldecote) 195n.25
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 170, 186
International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) 151
Iran 42, 47, 55, 114, 118, 119, 168, 172, 190, 221n.10, 222n.18, 289–90n.64
Iraq 49, 55, 117–20, 122–5, 130, 133, 135, 159, 160, 162–72, 174, 175, 180, 187, 188, 261n.31, 263n.59, 279n.34, 280n.56, 280–1nn.60, 67, 283nn.97, 98, 284n.109
Ireland, Republic of (Irish Free State, Éire) 234n.106, 241n.43
Israel 48, 54, 173, 181, 182, 190, 225n.68, 253n.111, 287n.44, 289–90nn.62, 64
Italy 42, 51, 122, 136, 137, 145, 168, 215n.98
Izetbegović, Alija 135, 140, 141, 268–9n.95
Jackson, Henry 88
Jacob, Sir Ian 210n.22
Jagow, Gottlieb von 230n.56
Japan 28, 33, 63, 122, 134, 215n.98, 228n.22
Jay, Douglas 102
Jebb, Sir Gladwyn (Lord Gladwyn) 24, 204n.121, 210n.27, 219n.23, 227n.10
Jenkins, Simon 99
Jervis, Robert 180
Johns, Michael 218n.16
Johnson, Lyndon B. 77, 78, 205n.132, 215n.99, 240n.29
Johnson, Paul 59
Johnston, Russell 98
Joint Action Programme (JAP) 144, 145
Joint Chiefs of Staff (US) 30, 63
Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) 79, 151
Jones, Mervyn 59
Jordan 55
Jugoslovenska Narodna Armija 138
Just war tradition 175
Kahn, Herman 215n.102
Kaiserheer 67
Karadžić, Radovan 148, 153, 155, 268–9n.95
Kaussler, Bernd 289n.64
Keightley, General Sir Charles 57
Kellner, Friedrich 4, 5, 6, 195n.23, 197n.40
Kennedy, John F. 62, 65, 67–73, 76, 77, 182, 187, 219n.34, 229nn.46, 230nn.52, 232n.86, 233nn.104, 107–8, 236n.141, 287n.50
Kennedy, Joseph P. 69, 233n.104
Kennedy, Robert F. 67
Kerry, John 289n.61
Kershaw, Sir Ian 166
Kettenacker, Lothar 21
KGB 241n.40, 258–9n.205
Khomeini, Ayatollah 186
Khrushchev, Nikita 62, 63, 66, 68, 70, 71, 73, 76, 219nn.23, 34, 228n.16, 231n.69, 231n.75
Kinnock, Neil 133
Kirkpatrick, Jeanne 106, 254n.136, 256n.168
Kissinger, Henry 16, 23, 37, 53, 80, 82–3, 83, 87, 88, 105, 157, 205n.132, 241n.39, 243n.63, 244n.80, 245–6n.91
Knowland, William F. 28
Kohl, Helmut 139
Korea/Korean War 28, 29, 31, 34, 35, 38, 48, 77, 122, 178, 248n.18, 279n.43
Kosovo 131, 135, 159–63, 168, 172, 175, 184
Kosovo Force (KFOR) 160
Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), Ushtria Çlirimtare e Kosovës (UÇK) 160
Kosygin, Alexei 89
Kuwait 117–20, 122, 123–6, 129–30, 164, 167, 260n.13, 261n.31, 264n.9
Labour Party 24, 25, 33, 50, 51, 59, 102, 154, 159, 163, 182, 183, 247n.12
Labour Party Conference (1950) 182
Labour Party Conference (2001) 159
Lansbury, George 164
Laqueur, Walter 89
Lavrov, Sergei 273n.165
Leach, Admiral Sir Henry 101
League of Nations 24, 45, 58, 92, 122, 126, 154, 165, 166, 167, 168
Lehman, John 255n.144
LeMay, General Curtis 76
‘lessons of history’ 1–2, 61–2, 67, 165, 170, 187, 193n.4, 237n.5
Lever, Harold 96
Lewin, Admiral Sir Terence 203–4n.120, 255n.151
Lewis, Anthony 183
Lewis, Terrance L. 13
Liberal Democratic Party 149
Liddell Hart, Basil 211n.31
Lieberman, Avigdor 182, 289–90n.64
‘lift and strike’ 143
Lindsay, A.D. (‘Sandy’) 227n.3
Lithuania 119
Lloyd George, David 1, 7, 199n.68
Locarno Pact 2, 3, 39, 40, 41, 243n.65
Lončar, Budimir 139
London Conference (1956) 51
London Conference (1992) 141, 152
London Memorandum (1954) 42
Londonderry, Lord 207n.144
Long Parliament (1640–60) 199n.68
Lothian, Lord 207n.144
Louis XV 220n.41
Loxley, Peter 208n.7
Luce, Richard 99, 183, 285n.23
Luce, Sir William 260n.13, 285n.23
Lukes, Steven 153
Lumbers, Michael 35
Luxembourg 215n.98
MacArthur, General Douglas 30
McCain, John 186
McCallum, Sir Duncan 23
McCone, John A. 215n.99
McDermott, Geoffrey 233n.106
MacDonald, Ramsay 195n.25
Macedonia (FYROM) 135, 140, 273n.157
McMahon, Robert J. 132
McNamara, Robert S. 215n.99
Machiavelli, Niccolò 282n.83
Maclean, Donald 219n.23
Maclean, Norman 32
Maclean, Sir Fitzroy 151, 275n.212
Macmillan, Harold 12, 13, 21, 25, 39, 41, 42, 52, 56, 57, 61–73, 77, 82, 104, 118, 178, 180, 181, 185, 186, 199n.69, 201n.93, 224nn.57, 59, 227nn.3, 10, 229n.28, 229nn.46, 230nn.52, 231n.75, 255n.151, 260n.9, 286n.38, 289n.63
Macmillan, Maurice 104
Mafeking, relief of 114
‘Maffick’ 259n.211
Magaš, Brankas 155
Maisky, Ivan 155
Maitland, Frederic William 15, 203n.117
Major, John 130, 132, 133, 135–7, 140–3, 150, 152, 153, 157, 160, 166, 167, 174, 180, 264n.10, 273n.160
Malaya 38
Malenkov, Georgy 40–1, 219n.23
Mandelson, Peter 164
Manila Treaty 42
Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) 29, 77
Margesson, David 195n.25
Marr, Andrew 161
Marshall Plan 85
Martin Jr., Joseph W. 218n.15
Marx, Karl 61
‘Massive Retaliation’ 232n.81
May, Ernest 76
Mead, Walter Russell 186
Medlicott, William Norton 19
Mein Kampf 49
Méndez, Nicanor Costa 94
Meyer, Sir Christopher 169
MI5 261n.26
‘Micawberism’ 99
Middle East 46–50, 53, 55, 57, 118, 124, 136, 169, 172, 175, 222n.23
MiG-15 (aircraft) 31
Mihailović, Draža 137
Miliband, Ed 272n.151
Mill, John Stuart 135
Milošević, Slobodan 131, 132, 139, 140, 145, 148, 152, 155, 157, 160, 161, 162, 184, 185, 265n.22, 275–6n.217, 286n.27
Mitrokhin, Vasili 241n.40
Mitteleuropa 140
Mladić, General Ratko 152
Mollet, Guy 49, 53, 55, 223n.33
Montgomery, Field Marshall Lord Bernard 66
Morgan, Kenneth O. 58, 95, 130
Morgenthau, Hans J. 58, 77, 179, 290n.67
Morrison, Herbert 47
Morrison, William Shepherd 195n.25
Mosaddeq, Mohammad 42, 47, 48, 222n.18
Most Noble Order of the Garter 220n.37
Mowrer, Edgar A. 8
Müller, Jan-Werner 11–2
Munich agreement 1, 6–13, 15, 17, 22–5, 27, 28, 30, 35, 39, 40, 42, 45, 46, 48, 50, 51–3, 56, 58, 59, 61–4, 72, 75, 76, 78, 80, 82, 85, 87, 89, 92, 104, 108, 109, 114, 116, 119, 120, 132, 135, 136, 142, 147, 153, 155, 156, 166, 169, 170, 171, 177–80, 182, 186, 187, 190, 193n.5, 194n.17, 196n.33, 198nn.61, 63, 199n.69, 200–1n.92, 203–4n.120, 205n.132, 206n.142, 206n.143, 209n.9, 210n.28, 220n.42, 223n.33, 226nn.77, 92, 238n.17, 266n.54, 266n.56, 273n.173, 287n.44, 289n.61, 289–90nn.63, 67
‘Munich analogy’ xiii, 77, 177, 238n.17, 287n.44
‘Munich complex’ 289n.63
‘Munich psychosis’ 59, 226n.92
Muslim-Croat Federation (Bosnia-Herzegovina) 274n.196
Mussolini, Benito 9, 10, 24, 28, 51, 53–6, 92, 144, 153, 167, 182, 186, 224–5n.62
Napoleon seeBonaparte, Napoleon
Napoleonic Wars 3, 12, 26, 194n.17, 283n.93
Nasser, Gamal Abdel 45–51, 53–6, 59, 111, 123, 153, 175, 178, 180, 224nn.48, 62
National Council for Civil Liberties 261n.26
National Defence Contribution (1937) 33
National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) 261n.26
National Westminster Bank 286n.27
Nazi Germany 4, 6, 7, 9, 13, 21, 22, 23, 80, 102, 122, 126, 149, 150, 153, 156, 180, 181, 182, 184, 187, 204n.121, 206n.140, 206n.143, 208n.5, 209n.8, 245–6n.91, 275n.204, 287n.44, 289–90n.64
Nehru, Jawaharlal 217n.123
Nelson, Admiral Horatio (1st Viscount Nelson) 93
Nene Rolls Royce engines 31, 215n.95
Netanyahu, Binyamen 181, 289n.62
Netherlands 215n.98
Neue Ostpolitik 77–8, 239n.21, 243n.63
Neustadt, Richard 76
Neville-Jones, Pauline 149, 150, 286n.27
New Labour 163, 164, 166, 279n.46
Nicholas II 232n.87
Nicholls, Anthony 64
Nicolson, Nigel 50
Nitze, Paul H. 234n.107, 238n.11
Nixon, Richard M. 80, 88, 205n.132, 218n.15
NKVD 22
Nobel, Alfred 197n.43
Nobel Prize in Literature 7, 197n.43
Non-Intervention Committee (Spanish Civil War) 154
North Atlantic Council 83
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) 26, 27, 39, 42, 66, 69, 83, 85, 103, 133, 135, 145, 146, 147, 148, 160, 163, 166, 268n.86, 273n.168
North Korea 27, 35, 168, 186, 286n.41, 290n.64
North Vietnam 218n.16, 238n.17
Northern Ireland 94, 131, 136, 138, 156, 233–4n.106
Norway 215n.98
Nott, John 92, 100, 101, 104, 106, 107, 111, 114, 132, 150, 156, 184, 251n.87, 255n.151
Nuclear (and thermonuclear) weapons 31–5, 37, 41, 63, 65–8, 71, 73, 76, 77–8, 85, 171, 180–1, 186, 187, 215n.88, 216n.107, 222n.25, 228n.22, 230n.52, 232nn.81, 86, 238n.11, 280n.56, 286n.41, 289–90n.64
Obama, Barack 281n.61, 289n.61
October Revolution 218n.16
Oder-Neiße line 64, 69, 70, 72, 73
Oldfield, Maurice 95, 96, 249n.43
Oliver, Rear-admiral Robert D. 33
O’Malley, Sir Owen 22–3
Operation Corporate 92
Operation Desert Shield 123
Operation Desert Storm 123, 130
Operation Journeyman 95
Operation Musketeer 57, 226n.84
Operation Vantage 118
The Origins of the Second World War, 13–5
Orr-Ewing, Sir Ian 205n.132
Orwell, George vii, 11, 23, 149, 272n.151
Ost-Verträge 84
Otte, Thomas 4
Ottoman Empire 266n.54
Owen, Lord (David) 96, 97, 103, 112, 140, 142–7, 219n.22, 243n.65, 244n.75, 250n.47, 250n.52, 268–9n.95, 270–1nn.126, 138
Owen-Stoltenberg plan 145, 146, 268–9n.95
Oxford (‘Munich’) by-election 227n.3, 266n.56, 289n.63
Pakenham, Thomas 114
Palais de l’Élysée 65
Palestinians 143
Palliser, Sir Michael 242n.48
Palmerston, Lord (3rd Viscount Palmerston, Henry John Temple) 4, 132, 149, 195n.22
Panama 253n.113
Paris peace talks (1972) 218n.16
Paris Summit (1960) 64
Parsons, Sir Anthony 103, 106, 253n.111, 253n.113
Partisans (Yugoslavia) 137
Peden, George 16
The Peloponnesian War vii
People’s Republic of China (PRC) 29, 31, 34, 49, 77, 88, 122, 168, 182, 213n.66, 214n.76, 214n.91, 253n.113
‘Percentages agreement’ 23, 24, 210n.21
Perestroika 86
Persian Gulf 124, 126, 260n.13, 263n.59
‘Peruvian peace plan’ (1982) 257n.171
Peter the Great 220n.34
Pham Van Dong 238n.17
Poland 39, 40, 70, 103, 126, 144, 167, 209n.15, 210n.27, 218n.16, 253n.113
Polish Government-in-Exile 22, 209n.15, 210n.27
Politik der Stärke 62, 228n.13, 238n.15
Port Said 45
Portillo, Michael 174, 289n.61
Portugal 215n.98
Potsdam Conference 25, 37, 41, 87, 219n.32, 243n.57
Powell, Jonathan 159, 161, 168–71, 282nn.83–4
Powers, Gary 229n.37
Prague 5, 8, 46, 59, 124, 275n.204
‘Prague Spring’ and Soviet invasion (1968) 78, 80, 89, 120, 166, 240nn.27–8, 260n.19
Primakov, Yevgeny 125, 262n.53
A Profile of Clio 166
Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) 115
Pym, Francis 92, 103–9, 113, 123, 253nn.116, 120, 255nn.149, 151, 257n.171, 258n.202
Qaddafi, Colonel Muammar 186
Queensbury rules 88
Quinlan, Sir Michael 170
Raczyński, Edward 209n.15
Ramet, Sabrina Petra 137
Rapacki, Adam 70
Rape 129
Reagan, Ronald 75, 78, 89, 104–6, 108–10, 126, 178, 239n.24, 246n.94, 258n.185, 281n.61, 282n.81
Realpolitik 22, 85, 126, 134, 149, 157, 160, 161, 172, 185, 206n.142, 241n.42
Record, Jeffery 187
Red Army 23
Rees, Goronwy 79, 80, 241n.40, 245n.91
Rees, Merlyn 96
Renwick, Robin 105, 107, 254–5n.144, 271n.127
Republic of China (ROC, Taiwan, Nationalist China, Chinese Taipei) 30, 31, 34, 213n.66
Republika Srpska Krajina 138, 139
Reynolds, David 7
RFA Olwen 249n.34
RFA Resource 249n.34
Rhineland 46, 174, 190, 224n.57
Rice, Condoleezza 162, 172, 173
Richards, General Sir David 162
Ridley, Nicholas 97, 98, 100, 112, 113, 127, 251n.85
Rieff, David 275n.217
Rifkind, Sir Malcolm 132, 134, 142, 147, 149, 150, 270n.114
Robens, Alfred 51
Roberts, Andrew 171
Roberts, Sir Frank 23, 66, 68, 220n.37
Robertson, General Sir Brian 26
Robertson, John Home 153
‘Rollback’ 288n.59
Rolls Royce 31
Roman Empire 224n.59
Roosevelt, Franklin D. 6, 165, 208n.5, 210n.27, 218n.16
Rose, General Sir Michael 146, 150
Rostow, Walt W. 233n.104
Rowse, A.L. 13, 24, 202–3n.105
Royal Engineers 247n.12
Royal Navy (RN) 5–6, 33, 95, 97, 100–2, 255n.144
‘The Rump’ 199n.68
Rumsfeld, Donald 164, 167, 168, 186, 287n.43
Rusk, Dean 69–71, 77, 215n.99, 219n.34, 236nn.145, 151
Russell, Bertrand 216n.107
Russian Federation 135, 145–6, 152, 168, 269n.95, 273n.164, 289n.61
Rutherford, Ernest (Lord Rutherford) 32
‘safe areas’ (Bosnia) 144, 271–2nn.143, 150, 273n.168
Safire, William 146
Salisbury, Lord (Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury) 57, 184
Salisbury, Lord (Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury, Robert ‘Bobbety’ Cranborne) 51
Sanders, David 178
Sandys, Duncan 12
Sarajevo 140, 141, 145, 146, 149, 151
Sargent, Sir Orme 137
Saudi Arabia 55, 118, 120, 123, 261n.28
Sazonov, Sergei 232n.87
Schelling, Thomas 32
Schlesinger Jr., Arthur 76, 177, 230n.52, 234n.108
Schlieffen Plan 67
Scotland 137
Scowcroft, Brent 122
Second World War 2, 5, 7–9, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 24, 27, 28, 41, 43, 52, 59, 63, 68, 77, 82, 89, 104, 124, 125, 126, 131, 137, 139, 151, 166, 178–80, 190, 213n.69, 217n.118, 247n.12, 275n.212, 280n.54
Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, MI6) 42, 47, 95–7, 208n.7, 249n.43
Serbia/Serbs 131, 136–40, 142–6, 150, 151, 153, 155, 157, 160, 184, 264n.11, 271n.127, 272n.143, 286n.27
Sharon, Ariel 287n.44
Shevchenko, Arkady 243n.57
Shinwell, Emanuel (‘Manny’) 21
Shlaim, Avi 167
Shuckburgh, Sir Evelyn 66, 224–5n.62
Sidewinder AIM-9L (AAM) 254–5n.144
Sierra Leone 159, 161, 162, 168, 172, 175
Sikorski, General Władysław 22, 209n.15
Silverman, Sydney 50
Simms, Brendan 153
Simon, Sir John 195n.25
Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP-62) 232n.86
Sixth Fleet, United States Navy, 57
Skidelsky, Robert (Lord) 6, 27, 56
Smith, Adam 135
Smuts, Field Marshal Jan 263n.62
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr 87, 88, 245n.90
Somalia 136
Somaliland 6
South East Asia Treaty Organisation (SEATO) 42
Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact 22
Soviet Union (USSR) 7, 11, 21–3, 26–9, 27, 28, 31, 38, 40, 41, 63, 64, 66, 67, 70, 76, 78, 79–82, 84, 85–90, 92, 104, 118, 119, 120, 122, 127, 137, 138, 187, 208n.5, 208n.7, 209n.15, 211n.29, 219n.23, 33, 231n.75, 233n.100, 238n.11, 240n.28, 240n.34, 242nn.47–8, 50, 243n.57, 244–5n.80, 246n.91, 253n.113
Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD) 195n.23
Spain 21, 149, 215n.98, 253n.113, 284n.109
Spanish Civil War 3, 14, 144, 149, 154, 223n.33, 272n.151, 276n.225
‘Special Relationship’ (British-American) 7, 34, 62, 67, 108, 144, 164, 169
Speed, Keith 100, 101, 252n.98
Spicer, Sidney 94
‘Splendid Isolation’ 57
Sputnik 68
Stalin, Joseph 7, 21, 23–6, 34, 37, 38, 40, 41, 62, 119, 137, 144, 186, 208n.5, 209n.15, 218n.16, 243n.65, 280n.60
Stanhope, James Richard, 7th Earl Stanhope 195n.25
Steiner, Zara 11
Stimson, Henry L. 228n.22
Stockholm 197n.43
Stokes, John 97
Stoltenberg, Thorvald 145, 146, 269n.95
Strachey, John 29
Strang, Sir William 12
Strategic Air Command (SAC) 67
Strauß, Franz-Josef 78
Strauss, Henry 24
Straw, Jack 163, 164–70, 172, 173, 280n.54, 281n.69, 282n.84, 282–3nn.87, 93
Sudeten Germans 155, 200n.81, 200–1n.92
Suez Canal 46, 48, 49, 56, 111
Suez Canal Base Agreement 48, 220n.37, 222n.25, 223n.29
Suez Canal Company 223n.29
Suez Canal Users’ Association (SCUA) 51
Suez Canal Zone 222n.25
Suez Crisis 45–6, 49–60, 138, 260n.9
Suez Group 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 223n.26
Sultan, Khaled Bin 261n.28
‘Summitry’ 39, 42, 62–5, 227n.10
Syria 190, 288–9nn.61, 62
Taiana, Jorge 248n.23
Talleyrand, Prince (Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord) 1, 56, 190
Tapsell, Sir Peter 8
Taylor, A. J. P. 14, 17, 24, 32, 58, 66, 203n.111, 230n.57, 230n.59
Taylor, General Maxwell 232n.86
Terry, Belaunde 257n.171
Thatcher, Margaret 8, 16, 75, 85, 86, 88–93, 95–110, 112–17, 119–27, 129, 131, 132, 142, 159, 160, 161, 174, 175, 178, 180, 184, 195n.22, 245n.90, 247–8n.15, 252n.91, 253n.120, 255n.151, 256n.157, 257n.171, 260n.19, 261n.26, 262n.53, 263n.62, 264n.14, 282n.81
Thatcher as ‘Iron Lady’ 89, 92, 110, 114, 115, 122, 124, 161
‘Thirty-year rule’ 201–2n.99
Thompson, Edward xiii
Thorpe, D. R. 45
Thucydides vii
Tinker, Lieut. David 91
Tito, Marshal Josip Broz 136, 137, 151, 268n.91
Tolstoy, Count Nikolai 23
Torres Vedras 103
Trades Union Congress (TUC) 164
Trevelyan, Sir Humphrey (later Lord) 110, 111
Trevor-Roper, Hugh (Lord Dacre) 10, 14, 201n.93
Truman, Harry S. 25, 28, 30, 31, 47, 77, 122, 239n.25
Tuchman, Barbara 67, 76, 187, 237n.5, 287n.50
Tuđman (Tudjman), Franjo 137, 148, 152, 157
U2 aircraft 229n.37
Ulbricht, Walter 70
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) seeSoviet Union
United Arab Republic (UAR) 118
United Nations (UN) 22, 27, 45, 51, 57, 102, 103, 121, 122, 133, 149, 152, 166, 168, 219n.23, 224n.57, 253n.113, 280n.56
United States Air Force (USAF) 76, 144
United States of America 5, 7, 16, 18, 24, 26–31, 33, 34, 38, 40, 42, 43, 47–50, 53, 54, 57, 62, 65, 67–9, 71, 75, 78, 79, 88, 89, 102, 104–6, 108, 109, 120, 122, 123, 125, 127, 130–4, 136, 137, 139, 140, 144–9, 162, 168, 170, 173, 180, 186, 194n.18, 207n.152, 215n.98, 215n.99, 217n.123, 218n.16, 228n.22, 231nn.75, 232nn.86, 252–3n.109, 254–5n.144, 258n.185, 269n.95, 271n.127, 273n.168, 282nn.81, 83–4, 285n.7, 287nn.43–4, 288n.59, 288–9n.61, 289n.62
United States Joint Chiefs of Staff 30, 63
United States Navy (USN) 26, 96, 255n.144
University College of Wales Aberystwyth 241n.40
UNMOVIC (United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission) 283n.97, 288–9n.61
UNPROFOR (United Nations Protection Force) 141, 142, 146, 147, 270n.114, 273n.168
‘V’ bomber force 215n.103
de Valera, Éamon 249n.29
Van den Broek, Hans 139
Vance, Cyrus 142, 143, 145, 155, 268–9n.95
Vance-Owen Peace Plan (VOPP) 142–5, 268–9n.95, 270n.119, 271–2n.143
Vansittart, Lord (Sir Robert) 9, 15, 34, 206n.142, 217n.118
‘velvet revolution’ 120
Verity, Frank 59
Versailles Peace Settlement 75, 208n.5
Vietnam 77, 89, 125, 126, 131, 136, 180, 205n.132, 218n.16, 238n.17, 248n.18, 263nn.56, 59, 281n.61
‘Vietnam syndrome’ 136, 263n.59
Vivian, Valentine 208n.7
Vulliamy, Ed 184, 264n.11, 286n.26
Wales 137
Wallace, Lord (William) 134
Walters, Dick 203–4n.120
‘War on Terror’ 162, 163, 164, 169, 186, 187, 281n.61
Wark, Wesley K. 8
Watkinson, Harold 96
Watt, Donald Cameron 3, 6, 7, 15, 56, 179, 180
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) 164, 165, 168, 169, 171, 172
Weinberg, Gerhard L. 187
Weinberger, Caspar 106, 109, 186, 255n.144, 256–7n.168
Wellington, Duke of (Arthur Wellesley) 91, 93, 103, 116
West, Nigel 250n.51
West Berlin 63–73, 118, 186, 234n.107, 237n.157
West Germany (1949–1990) seeFederal Republic of Germany (FRG)
Western European Union (WEU) 42, 138, 144, 146, 268n.86
Westphalia, Peace of 75
Wheeler-Bennett, Sir John 13, 201n.93
Whitelaw, William 107, 255n.151
Wicks, Malcolm 156
Wilhelm II 26, 67, 212n.44, 230n.56
Wilson, Harold 75, 77, 81–3, 205n.132, 239–40n.27, 242n.48, 242n.56, 260n.9
Wilson, Sir Horace 195n.25
Wilson, Woodrow 166
Winnick, David 156
Winton, Nicholas 275n.204
Wolfers, Arnold 208n.4
Wollaston, Sarah 288–9n.61
Wood, Sir Kingsley 195n.25
Yalta Conference 23–4, 27, 40, 81–2, 86, 87, 89, 119, 127, 187, 206n.142, 210nn.27, 29, 30–1, 211n.42, 218n.16
Yom Kippur War 289n.62
Yugoslavia 42, 127, 130–41, 144, 145, 148–52, 154, 155, 157, 160, 166, 167, 183, 210n.21, 267n.75, 268n.91, 268–9n.95, 269n.105
Zeman, Miloš 190
Zilliacus, Konni 24
Zimmermann, Warren 131, 268n.95
de Zulueta, Philip 63
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