Authority and legitimacy; power and accountability
Political ideologies: left and right
Political ideologies: the political spectrum
Ancient Greek ideas of justice and liberty
Humanism and the rise of the nation state
Machiavelli and political realism
Equality: of outcome or opportunity?
Peaceful protest and civil disobedience
Non-governmental organizations
Constitutions and bills of rights
Armed forces and intelligence services
Decentralization and devolution
Democracy and democratic institutions
A ruling class, the right to rule
Liberal and libertarian conservatism
18th- and 19th-century revolutions
Community, cooperation and common ownership
Marx: economics, analysis of capitalism
Marx: politics and the inevitability of socialism
State ownership and nationalization
Reformism, or evolutionary socialism
Trades unions and the labour movement
Libertarianism and anarcho-capitalism
Authoritarianism and totalitarianism
Anti-colonial and post-colonial nationalism
Independence and self-determination
The laws of God and the laws of Man
Second- and third-wave feminism
Pollution, climate change and global warming
Pacifism and anti-war movements