Abbas, Ali 363
Abbas, Mahmoud 179–80, 265, 272, 274, 293
Abe, Shinzo 399–400, 403, 428, 431
Abu Ghraib prison 76, 82, 99, 103, 164, 165, 166, 363, 364
Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) 464, 465
Acharya, Amitav 10
acronyms 153
Afghanistan 14, 24, 368–94; civilian deaths 384, 385; civilians 382, 384–5; collateral damage 382; cost 387–90; counterinsurgency 373, 382–4, 388–9; counterterrorism 381; Dasht-E-Leili massacre 392–4; democracy promotion 374; humanitarian crisis assistance 374–8; human rights abuses 78; Human Terrain project 390–2; interim government 372; invasion and occupation of 369–72, 374; logistics 388; modernization and Westernization 372–3; options 368–9; Soviet invasion 371–2; torture 385–7; treatment of prisoners 385–7, 392–3; use of cluster bombs 378–81; US forces immunity from local law 159; US terrorism 82–3; war logs 82–3, 371
AFL-CIO 40
African National Congress 478–80, 481–2
Ahern, Bertie 198–200
aid 30, 45, 71, 72; economic 45; military 24, 263. See also USAID
Airbus 184–5
Al-Akhbar (newspaper) 35
Alarcón, María Gloria 500
Alemán, Arnoldo 493–4
Alliance for Progress 56
Alliance Transformation Roadmap 409–10
al-Nayhan, Mohammed bin Zayed 335–8
al-Qaeda in Iraq 362
al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula 40–1
al-Sharaa, Faruq 304
Alston, Philip 353
Al-Watan 304
Amano, Yukiya 344
Amari, Akira 468
ambassadors 3–4
American Israel Public Affairs Committee 326
American Service-Members’ Protection Act (ASPA) 162, 177
Amnesty International 199–200, 282
Amorim, Celso 540–1
ANA Trust Fund 196–7
Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act (ATPDEA) 503, 505, 506
Anderson, Jack 472
Anonymous 37
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty 212, 224
anti-colonial movement 25–6, 27, 42
Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement Act 136
Antonov, Anatoliy 222–3
Apple 116–17
Aquino, Benigno, Jr. 440
Arab Countries in Transition 47
Arab League 291–2
Arditi, Danny 278
ARENA (Nationalist Republican Alliance) 486–90
Argentina 57, 526, 538–40, 545
Aristide, Jean-Bertrand 30, 58, 60, 60–1, 63–5, 125, 510, 514
Armas, Carlos Castillo 55
Article 98 agreements 162, 162–4, 177; ICC-related sanctions 169–77; problems caused by 165–9
Asad, Talal 74
ASEAN 446, 448–50, 453–4, 455, 461–2, 470
Asharq Al-Awsat 304–5
Ashkanazi, Gabi 284
Atomic Energy Agency 289
Austria 188
Azerbaijan 248
Bachelet, Michelle 516
Baghdad massacre 86–7
Baghdad Pact 43–4
ballistic missile defense 219, 223–30, 330–4
Ban Ki-moon 180
Bank of America 115
Barak, Ehud 270, 272, 280–1, 287–8
Barclays Bank 115
Bazin, Marc 64
Bellinger, John 109
Ben Ali, Zine El Abidine 31, 33–5
Bensouda, Fatou 180
Berdimuhamedow, Gurbanguly 23–4
Berezovsky, Boris 215
Berlusconi, Silvio 181, 201, 207
bin Laden, Osama 90
biotechnology industry 187–95
Biotechnology Outreach Strategy 188
Bishop, Maurice 57
Bismarck, Otto Von 237
Bobo, Jack 191
Boeing 184–5
Boesak, Allan 480
Bolaños, Enrique 493
Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (ALBA) 60, 72, 125
Bosch, Juan 56
Bouazizi, Mohamed, self-immolation 31, 35
Boulos, Reginald 513
Brahimi, Lakhdar 64
Brandenburg, Ulrich 196–7
Brazil 51, 57, 171, 516, 538–9, 540–1, 545
Bremer, Paul 91
Brennan, John 301
Brennan, Peter 495–6
Bretton Woods system 43, 50, 118–19, 126
British Petroleum 115
Brownfield, William 518, 523, 524, 534–5
Brzezinski, Zbigniew 442
Bulgaria 185–7
Bureau of Investigative Journalism 104–5
Burma. See Myanmar
Burns, J. Nicholas 289–91
Burns, William 214–15, 217–18, 219, 230, 245–6, 251, 329–30
Bush, George 46, 75, 444–5, 479–80
Bush, George W. 39–40, 77, 81, 99, 108–9, 113, 156, 159, 169, 481–2, 536; and Afghanistan 369, 386, 387, 389; Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty withdrawal 212, 224; and Brazil 171; China policy 455; and Costa Rica 170; and Ecuador 177; and the ICC 161–2, 177; Iran policy 339–40; and Iraq 354; and North Korea 396–7; Southeast Asia policy 445; START I Treaty 231; Syria policy 320; Turkish policy 244–5
Bush Six investigation 207–10
Business Insider 241
Butler, Martin 487–8
Butler, Smedley 53
Bybee memo, the 108–9
Cablegate cables 9, 80, 145, 155, 156, 181, 182, 184
Calipari, Nicola, murder 200–1
Cameron, David 47
Camp Mercury 103
Canada 538
Carney, Tim 512
Carter, Jimmy 29, 63, 120, 474–7
Carter Ruck 114–15
Cartwright, James 423
censorship 11
Center for a New American Security (CNAS) 400
Cerén, Salvador Sánchez 492
Chalabi, Ahmed 83–4
Chamorro, Violeta 58
Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States 138
Chassy, Bruce 188–9
Chávez, Hugo 72, 125, 129, 491, 497; containment policy 538–41; coup attempt against, 2002 30, 59–60, 515–16; death 525, 545; obsession with 515; Petrocaribe program 530–4; popularity 522; radical populist allies 541–4; threat 527–8
Chechen War, Second 215
CHEROKEE restriction 13
Chile 49, 516; Article 98 agreements 172; economic reform 69–70; human rights 68–9; ICC-related sanctions 172–3; the Kissinger cables 65–70; Pinochet coup 57, 66–8
China 418, 436, 444, 447; and the Philippines 453–5, 456–7; rise of 447–9, 450, 450–8; US suspicion of 451–5, 470
Christian Science Monitor 216
CIA: and Chile 66–8; coup d’état sponsorship 17–18, 484, 516; covert operations 30; and Ecuador 501–2; in Haiti 64; human rights abuses 75; and Iran 331; in Latin America 51, 57; Omar abduction 206–8; Operation Phoenix 102; overthrow of Mossadegh government 28; Project X 102; rendition 14; and the State Department 4; and Turkey 239–40; use of torture 12, 14, 96, 97, 101–3, 105–9, 206, 386–7; in Venezuela 516
civilians: in Afghanistan 382, 384–5; casualty numbers 86, 88, 89; collateral damage 78, 89–93, 382; definition 12, 87–9; disregard for 76; drone strikes 88–9; killings 86–8; military-aged men 87–9, 91–2; targeting 89–93
Clark, Warren 479
classification levels and markings 6, 6–8, 7–8, 149, 150–2
climate change 469
Clinton, Bill 161, 445, 448, 480
Clinton, Hillary 13, 24, 40, 41, 70–3, 405, 490–1
cluster bombs 378–81
Cockburn, Alexander 306
Cold War 45, 50, 55, 60, 62, 182, 183, 212, 235, 416, 433, 442–4, 527
collateral damage 78
collateral murder 350–2
Colom, Álvaro 535–7
Columbia University, School of International and Public Affairs 8–9
Combatant Status Review Tribunals 100
communications, development of 2–3
Communism, threat of 44, 55, 63, 101–2
Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act 478, 479
Congo 28
Congressional Research Reports 14, 15
Congressional Research Service (CRS) 169, 177, 368–9, 371–2
Contreras-Sweet, Maria 492
conventional prompt global strike (CPGS) 233
Conventional Trident Modification program 233
Convention on Cluster Munitions (CCM) 379
Copenhagen, Climate Conference 469
corporate corruption 113, 113–17
Correa, Rafael 125–32, 498–503, 516, 541
Cossio, Mario 509
Costa Rica 170
Coughlin, Dan 533
courts, use of WikiLeaks materials 9–10
Croatia 163
Cserveny, Vilmos 340
Cuban Missile Crisis 98
Cuban Revolution 57
cyber-war 80
Daalder, Ivo 196–7
Daanoy, Norman 466–7
Dagan, Meir 251, 289–91, 294–5
Dasht-E-Leili massacre, Afghanistan 392–4
Davutoğlu, Ahmet 248–51, 260–1
Dayton, Keith 277
Deauville Partnership 47–8
Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea 450
Defense Planning Guidance, 1992 444–5
Defense Trilateral Talks (DTT) 406–7
de Klerk, F. W. 479–80
Delare, Thomas 189–90
democracy promotion 28–9, 39–40, 46–7, 60, 162, 176, 312, 374, 493–4, 496, 518–22
Deniau, Jean-François 341
Denmark 245
Der Spiegel (newspaper) 197
De Sutter, Paula 222–3
Detainee Treatment Act (DTA) 386
Diaz, Dave 86
Dictatorships, American relationship to 23–31
Digital Millennium Copyright Act 135
Digital Rights Management technology (DRM) 133–4, 135
documents: classification level 6–8, 149, 150–1; numbers published 1–2
dollar, the, importance of 121
Dominican Republic 56
Dostum, Ahmad Rashid 393–4
drone strikes 88–89
Duddy, Patrick 531
Duvalier, François “Papa Doc” 53, 62
Duvalier, Jean-Claude “Baby Doc” 53, 58, 62–3, 63, 64
economic liberalization 47–9, 122, 137–40
economic power 112, 112–41, 352–3; capital flight 131, 138; dominance of Wall Street 139–41; exchange rates 120; exercise of 123–32; exposing 113–17; free trade imperialism 117–23, 132–6; importance of the dollar 121; and market-dependency 125–32; money flows 120, 137–8
Economic Support Funds (ESF) 162
Ecuador 18, 497–503, 516; Article 98 agreements 173–6; CIA involvement 501–2; Constituent Assembly 500–1; Correa presidency 498–503; corruption 174–5; democracy promotion 176; ICC-related sanctions 173–7; International Visitor program 174; market-dependency 125–32; oil revenue 127, 128; pharmaceutical licenses 502–3; public spending 130; trade liberalization 127; US ambassador expelled, 2011 503
Edelman, Eric 253–4, 258–9, 261
Egypt 27, 45, 46, 299; coup, 1952 42, 44; coup against the Muslim Brotherhood 41, 48; democracy assistance 30; economic crisis 45; economic reform 47–9; fall of Mubarak 32, 36–40; nationalization of Suez Canal 43; patronage 38; poverty 37; strategic importance 237–8; US aid 30
Eisenhower Doctrine, 44
ElBaradei, Mohamed 248, 339–48, 459–60
Ellsberg, Daniel 18–19
el-Masri, Khaled 201–6
El Salvador 18, 29, 30, 57, 58, 485, 486–92, 537, 538
el-Sisi, Abdel Fattah 48
embassies 3–4
empires 2–3
Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip 17, 31, 244–5, 250, 253–4, 258–9, 260–1, 262
Espionage Act, 1917 7
EU Council, and Article 98 agreements 163
European cables 181–211; and GMOs 187–95; Plan 2015 185–7; and trade relations 184–5, 187–95
European Commission 194
European Court of Justice 206
European Food Safety Authority 195
European Phased Adaptive Approach 331
European Union: collusion with CIA 14; court dealings 200–210; and GMOs 188, 189–90, 194, 194–5; Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Conflict in Georgia 220; resistance to American power 210; and the Ukraine crisis 210; and the war on terror 195–200
Europe, US missile defense 219, 223–30, 330–4
Eurozone, sovereign debt crisis 141
extraordinary rendition 75, 239–40, 261
Fackler, Martin 424–5
Fallows, James 439
Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) 486–7, 490–2
FARC 125
FBI 4
Fein, Ashden 9
Feith, Douglas 207–10
Fernández, Leopoldo 508–9
Fidan, Hakan 259
Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission 139
financial regulation 136–41
Financial Services Agreement 137
Financial Times 218
Flores, Javier 508
Flourney, Michelle 409–11, 412
Foltz, William J. 27
Ford, Robert Stephen 166
Foreign Affairs 217–18
Foreign Military Financing assistance program 166
Foreign Policy 226
Foreign Terrorist Organization list 464
Forgeard, Noel 185
Fraker, Ford 301–2
Frattini, Franco 329
Freedom Agenda 39–40
free trade 12, 40, 73; imperialism 11–12, 117–23, 132–6
Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) 73, 125, 127, 175
French, Philip 521
Friedman, Thomas 112
Fukushima nuclear crisis 425, 427
Fukuyama, Francis 444
Funes, Mauricio 490–2
G8, summit, 2011 47
Gaidar, Yegor 218
Galant, Yoav 285
Gangotena, Raul 173
Garlasco, Marc 86
Garzón, Baltazar 209–10
Gates, Robert 41, 206–7, 213, 328–9, 331
GATT negotiations, the Uruguay Round 121
Gaza Strip 39, 180, 266, 276–85, 293
General Agreement on Tariffs and Services 137, 140
genetically modified agricultural products (GMOs) 187–95, 210
Geneva conventions 108–9, 270, 385, 393
Georgia: Rose Revolution 212, 220; and South Ossetia 219–22
Germany: ANA Trust Fund contributions 196–7; and the el-Masri case 202–3, 204–6; and the invasion of Iraq 195–6; reunification 212
Ghani, Ashraf 394
Gilad, Amos 274–5, 276, 279, 295–6
Gitmo Files, the 75, 80, 94, 97–101
Giuliani, Rudy 311
Glazer, Charles 489–90
global financial crisis, 2008 113, 136–41, 447, 452, 453
globalization 46, 83, 118, 123, 133
Global Policy Forum 92
Goldberg, Philip 509
Goldstone Report 179, 274–5, 281–3, 285
Goldstone, Richard 281–2
Gonzales, Alberto R. 108, 207–10
Good Neighbor doctrine 50, 53, 54–8
Google Maps 222–3
Gorbachev, Mikhail 212, 223–4, 231
Gordon, Philip 248–51
Gottemoeller, Rose E. 232, 233
Gramsci, Antonio 440
Great Britain 182–3, 188; loss of empire 27, 28, 42, 44, 433
Guam 417
Guam International Agreement 409–10
Guantánamo Bay 75, 75–6, 97–101; military prison opened 99; prisoner numbers 99; prisoner releases 100; use of torture 96, 99; validation 101
Guardian (newspaper) 105, 115, 179, 250
Guatemala 55, 164, 484, 535–6, 542–3
Gülen, Fethullah 17, 254–5, 259–60
Gülen schools 254–8
Guriev, Sergey 214
Gutiérrez, Lucio 174, 175, 497, 498
Hague, William 183
Haiti 18, 26, 30, 49, 50, 58, 486; American involvement 60–5, 510–14; CIA involvement 64; coup, 2004 512; Group of 184 64–5; human rights 64; Lavalas movement 63–4; military intervention 62–3; neoliberal reform 59, 64; occupation, 1915 52–3; Petrocaribe program in 533–4; repression 61–2; UN occupation 65; wages 61, 64
al-Hakim, Muhammad Baqir 84
Hamada, Yasukazu 407
Hamas 265, 266, 276–8, 279–80, 281, 282–3, 284–5, 293
al-Hasani, Muhanad 318
Hebb, Donald 101
Heinonen, Olli 346–7
Heleno, Augusto 514
Helms, Richard 66
Hersh, Seymour 76
Hezbollah 284
Hill, James 541
Hinchey Report 66
Ho Chi Minh 27
Holbrooke, Richard 337–8
Honduras 49, 52, 57, 536–7, 543–4; Article 98 agreements 162; constitution 72; coup, 2009 70–3, 537, 544; US aid 71, 72
Hu Jintao 453–4
human rights 29, 30, 58, 74–111, 475; Afghanistan 78; brutality 76–7; Chile 68–9; Haiti 64; and labeling 78–81; Syria 297–8, 314; and torture 94–111; Tunisia 33–4; US abuses 74–8
Human Rights Watch 282, 357, 364, 366–7
Hurlburt, Heather 216–17
Hussein, Abbas Ali 358
Inamine, Susumu 428–30
India 27
Indochina 27
Indonesia 27, 28, 446, 450, 451–2, 453, 458–9, 463
Institute of International Finance 47
intellectual property 133–4, 135, 467–8
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty 224
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 291–2, 323, 339–48, 459–60
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes 130
International Court of Justice 263, 270
International Criminal Court (ICC) 13, 281; engagement with 177–80; establishment 160; jurisdiction 160–1; related sanctions 169–77; US avoidance of sanctions 162–9; US opposition to 161–2
International Development Bank (IDB) 504, 505–6
International Military Education Training (IMET) program 166
International Monetary Fund 45, 48, 50, 51, 59, 118, 121, 123, 129, 130, 504
International Republican Institute (IRI) 29, 40, 519–20
International Security Assistance Force for Afghanistan” (ISAF) 385
International Studies Association (ISA), 10–11 10
International Studies Quarterly (ISQ) 10
International Trade Union Confederation 136
Iran 23, 28, 238, 321, 322–49, 458; armed confrontation threat 337–9; demonization of 248–51; and France 251–2; ICBM development 225, 226, 229, 230, 330–4; and Israel 251, 286–93, 323–9, 337–9, 348; nuclear program 15, 248–9, 281, 286–93, 294–5, 323, 335–6, 339–48, 348–9, 458–60; and Saudi Arabia 301–2; and Syria 299, 301–2; and Turkey 245–6, 246–53, 329–30; Venezuela’s relationship with 522
Iran-Contra scandal 492
Iraq 28, 42, 44, 350–67; economic warfare 352–3; embargo of 242; invasion of Kuwait 45; sectarianism 84, 85–6, 353–60, 361–3
Iraq Body Count 159
Iraqi Army (IA) 358–9
Iraq, invasion and occupation of 12, 23, 46, 83–6, 239, 288, 300, 369; Baghdad massacre 86–7; civilian casualties 88; collateral murder 350–2; counterinsurgency 84–6, 355; death squads 354–5; drone strikes 88–9; Europe and 195–6; Fallujah siege 88, 90–3, 254, 354, 357–60; human rights abuses 76; Iraqi insurgency 76–8, 362; Operation Phantom Fury 91–2; paramilitary strategy 84–5; reconnaissance by fire policy 353; resistance to 354–5; Sahwa movement 15, 360–3; sectarian divisions 15; Special Police Commandos (SPC) 84–5, 105, 110; use of torture 85, 103–5, 352, 363–7; US surge 360; US terrorism 82; war crimes prosecutions 159–60; war logs 15, 82, 103–4, 363–4
Ireland, Republic of 197–200
Ishak, Bassam 313
ISIS. See Islamic State
Israel 14–15, 32, 46, 251, 263–96; American policy 28, 322–3, 323–29; cable numbers 264; ceasefire, 2008 279–80; and Egypt 37, 39; formation of 42; Gaza blockade 39, 277–9; and the Gaza Strip 276–85; ICC referral 178–80; invasion of Gaza 280–1; and Iran 251, 286–93, 323–9, 337–9, 348; and Iran’s nuclear program 281, 286–93, 294–5; National Security Council (NSC) 278; nuclear-weapons 295; Operation Cast Lead 280, 285; Operation Protective Edge 285, 293; quantitative military edge 295–6, 324–6; recent developments 293–6; relations with Palestinians 265–7; secret accord 270–1; settlement building 269–71, 326–7; Six Day War 44; strategic importance 237–8; Turkey and 259; two-state solution 272; US military aid 263; war crimes allegations 178–80, 281–4; and the West Bank 267–6
Ivory Coast 114
Jamaica 531–3
Jamail, Dahr 83
Japan 13, 119, 395, 436, 447, 468; Democratic Justice Party 398, 408–9, 410–19, 424–8; foreign policy 397–8; Fukushima nuclear crisis 425, 426; international role 409; Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) 395, 399–400, 408, 409–10, 411, 419, 428; military cooperation 398–9, 405–8, 407, 409–10, 417–18; relations with 397–400; relations with South Korea 401–4
Japan Times 431
Jeffrey, James 252–3
Jewell, Linda 176–7, 497–8, 499, 499–500
Jiang Zemin 451
Johnson, Brenda LaGrange 532
Johnson, Nathaniel, Jr. 367
Jones, Deborah K. 257–8
Jones, James 332–3
Jones, Richard 276–7
Julius Baer Bank 115
Justice Department 107–8
Kashan, Ali 179
Kaupthing Bank 115
Keating, Timothy 407–8
Kelly, John F. 537
Kelly, Major General 365–6
Kelsey, Jane 137
Kenney, Kristie 174–5, 175–6, 497
Khaddam, Abdul Halim 303–6, 308
Kim Dae Jung 395, 396, 396–7, 404
Kim Jong Il 397
King, Peter 80
Kirchner, Cristina Fernández de 516
Kirchner, Néstor 538–40
Kirkpatrick, Jeane 28–9
Kislyak, Sergei I. 229–30, 230–1, 332–3
Kissinger, Henry 4, 18–19, 65–70, 145, 472, 475
Kissinger Cables 182–3
Kissinger Files 157
Koenig, John 204–6
Korodi, Attila 191
Kovalik, Dan 512–13
Kurdish Party for Free Life for Kurdistan in Iran 251
Kurds, the 45, 242–6, 259, 309–10
labels and labeling 78–81, 86, 87–9
LaFeber, Walter 54
Lancet 86
Lang, Pat 384
Lara, Rodríguez 128
La Russa, Ignazio 207
Lasso, Guillermo 500
Latin America: American policy 28–9, 49–73, 483–6; CIA involvement 51, 57; Good Neighbor doctrine 50, 53, 54–8; human rights and neoliberal reform 58–60; ICC-related sanctions 169–77; military intervention 57–8; Monroe Doctrine 49–50, 51–4, 55; neoliberal reform 59–60; Project X 102; radicalization 57; regime change 17–18; right-wing coups 57
law, US forces immunity from 159–60
Lebanon 263
Lee Myung Bak 396, 404–5, 420–2, 424
Levita, Ariel 289
Levitte, Jean-David 252
Lewis, Jeffrey 226
liberal democratic governance 56
liberal internationalism 25–31
liberalism 25
Library of Congress 9
Lieber, Keir A. 217–18
Lieberman, Avigdor 180
Lind, Denise 9
Lipman, Masha 216
Litvinenko, Alexander, assassination 214–16
Losurdo, Domenico 25
Lugar, Richard 190–1
Luzkhov, Yury 214
McCain Amendment, the 385, 387
McChrystal, Stanley 383–4
McCormack, Gavan, 430
McCormack, Sean 493
McFarland, Stephen G. 530
Machado, María Corina 525
McNamara, Robert 234
Mahan, Alfred 435–6
Makiya, Kanan 83–4
Malaysia 446, 448, 463, 468, 470
Maldives, the 163
Malema, Julius 482
al-Maliki, Nouri 15, 355, 357, 361
Mandela, Nelson 479–80
Mandela, Winnie 480
Manila, Alberto Romulo 460
Manning, Bradley (now Chelsea) 9, 37, 80–1, 94
Marcos, Ferdinand 443
market-dependency 125–32
Martelly, Michel 533–4
Martin, Edwin 63
Martínez, Mel 207–8
Marx, Karl 132
Mbeki, Govan 478
Mearsheimer, John 434–5
memorandum of understanding (MOU) 156
Merkel, Angela 181
Mexican Revolution, the 26, 52, 53–4
Michaeli, Israel 292
Middle East: American policy 28, 31–49, 237–8, 295–6, 322–3, 348; democracy promotion 39–40, 46–7; peace talks, 2013–14 293
Middle East Free Trade Area 46
Middle East Times 384
military intervention 25, 57–8, 62–63
Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) 488, 532
Minton Report, the 114–15
modernization theory 27
Mohammad, Binyam 199–200
Mohammed, Khalid Sheikh 110
Mojahedin-e-Khalq (MEK) 289
Moldova 164
monetary policy, control of 125–32
Monroe Doctrine 49–50, 51–4, 55, 435, 483
Monroe, Henry 51
Monsanto 187–95
Montealegre, Eduardo 493
Monterrey, Kitty 495–6
Morales, Evo 503–6, 507, 509, 516, 541
Moreno, Ismael 203–4
Morocco 42
Morse, Ronald 427–8
Morsi, Mohamed 48
Mosely, T. Michael 335–7
Mugabe, Robert 481
Mujahedin-e-Khalq, the 251, 339
Mukhin, Aleksey 214
Mulet, Edmond 61
Multilateral Agreement on Investment 136
Muslim Brotherhood 36, 38, 39, 41, 47–8
Myers, Richard 378
Nation (newspaper) 427, 514, 533
national archives 5
National Democratic Institute (NDI) 519
National Endowment for Democracy (NED) 29, 30, 39, 40, 129, 484, 519
National Intelligence Council 66
National Intelligence Estimate (NIE), 1995 331
Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) 486
National Lawyers Guild 95
National Salvation Front, Syria 303
National Security Archive 66
national security religiosity 6–10
National Security Strategy, 2002 445
national self-determination 26–7
NATO 16, 212, 238–42, 245; and Afghanistan 372, 382, 384, 388, 389
Netanyahu, Benjamin 264, 266, 267–70, 271, 274, 281, 282, 286–7, 326–8, 335
Nethercutt Amendment, the 162, 177
Neumann, Ronald E. 166
New People’s Army 464
New Republic 216–17
Newsnight (TV program) 197, 198
New START Treaty negotiations 231–4
Newsweek (magazine) 88
New World Order 46
New York Times 11, 88–9, 148, 184, 333, 335, 398–9, 411–12, 420, 426, 431, 445–6, 474
Nicaragua 18, 26, 50, 51, 57, 57–8, 60, 123, 484, 516, 542; Contra war 306; democracy promotion 493–4, 496; elections, 1990 58; occupation, 1912 52; US intervention 492–7
Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance (ALN) 495–6
Nikel, Rolf 205–6
Nixon, Richard 63, 66, 67, 119–20, 471–2
Non-Aligned Movement 460
Nonproliferation Treaty Review Conference, 2009 460
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) 121
Northern Rock 115
North Korea 23, 395, 458, 460; ICBM development 226, 229, 333–4, 410, 423; nuclear-weapons 397, 420, 423; and South Korea 396–7, 420–4
Ntaganda, Bosco 178
nuclear-weapons 217–19, 223–5, 231–6, 413; Israel 295; North Korea 397, 420, 423
Nuclear-Weapons-Free Zone in the Middle East (MENWFZ) 291–2
nuclear-weapons treaties 213, 224, 231–4, 291–2
Nyýazow, Saparmyrat 24
Obama, Barack 156, 225, 408–9, 482; and Afghanistan 382–4; antiwar platform 401; applepie rhetoric 24–5; China policy 455–8; East Asia policy 395–6; engagement with ICC 177–80; and Guantánamo 101; and the Honduran coup, 2009 71–2, 73; Iran policy 326; Israel policy 271, 283, 323, 326–8; and Japan 408–19; Middle East policy 41; missile-defense program 331; and Mubarak 38–9; and North Korea 423–4; Palestinian negotiations 326–8; Southeast Asia policy 446–50, 467–9; and South Korea 397; Syria policy 297–8, 314, 320–21; and torture prosecutions 160; and Tunisia 35; and the Ukraine crisis 210; UN speech, May 2011 47
Ocampo, Luis Moreno 179
Office of Public Safety 101
Office of Transition Initiatives (OTI) 517–18, 519, 520, 523, 525
oil 42, 127, 128, 148–9, 245–6, 454–5, 515, 530–4, 535–7
Okinawa 398, 417, 426, 427, 428–32
Omar, Abu, abduction 206–8
Operation Condor 69
Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines 445
Organization of American States (OAS) 71, 128, 483
Ortega, Daniel 492, 493, 495, 496–7, 516, 542
Ottawa Treaty 379
Oxfam 123
Pacific Alliance 529
Pakistan 75
Palestine 39, 42, 179, 265–7; elections 266; security 272–3; statehood rights 271–4; two-state solution 272
Palestinian Authority (PA) 179–80, 265–6, 276, 293, 328. See also Gaza Strip; West Bank, the
Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) 265
Palin, Sarah 80
Panama Canal 54–5
Pan-American Development Foundation 523
Paoli, Patrice 270
paramilitary strategy 84–5
Paris, Treaty of 436–7
Park Geun-hye 424
Parra, Antonio 175–6
Partnership of the Americas maritime exercise 534–5
Patek, Umar 466
Patterson, P. J. 531–2
Paul, Ron 311
Pentagon, the 9
Pentagon Papers, the 18–19
Petraeus, David 41, 84, 328–9, 338, 363–4
Petrocaribe 517, 530–4, 535–7, 545
PETROSUR 125–6
Philippine-American War (1899–1902) 439
Philippines, the 26, 58, 435–41, 442, 445–6, 448, 449, 459–60, 469, 470; counter-terrorism operations 463–7; relations with China 453–5, 456–7
Pinochet, Augusto 67–70
Pitsuwan, Surin 461–2
Pivot to Asia strategy 446–7, 470
PKK [Kurdistan Workers Party] 243–4
Plan 2015 185–7
Plan Colombia 51
Plocker, Sever 264
Polanyi, Karl 132
Polaroid Experiment, the 476
Politkovskaya, Anna 215
Porter, Patrick 441
Pozo, Mauricio 174
Press, Darryl G. 217–18
Préval, René 61
prisoner-of-war status, denial of 108–9
public diplomacy 5
Public Library of US Diplomacy (PLUSD) 12–13, 145–6; access 153–5; metadata 149–52; publication 155–8; searching 146, 153–5; search interface 153–4, 157; titles 150; Traffic Analysis by Geography and Subject 152
Putin, Vladimir 182, 212, 213–16
Quintana, Juan Ramón 509
Rachmianto, Andy 458–9
Rasmussen, Andars Fogh 245
Reagan, Ronald 28–9, 57, 58, 63, 223–4, 477–8, 484
Really Good Friends of Services 137
redactions 156
Reich, Otto 487
Reprieve 89
resource nationalism 148
Rewards for Justice program 178
Rhodesia 472
RIA Novosti 234–5
Rice, Condoleezza 169, 243, 346, 401, 514, 538
right to protect 14
Rio conference, 2007 527
Robinson, Ronald 532
Robinson, William I. 484
Roebuck, William 298, 300, 303, 305–6, 306–7, 308, 308–11
rogue states 458–62
Rome Statute, the 160–2; Assembly of States Parties 178
Rood, John 228–9
Roosevelt, Franklin D. 25, 50, 53, 54, 60
Rosales, Manuel 520
Ross, Dennis 326–8
Rubin, Eric 213
Ruiz, Leah 459–60
Rumsfeld, Donald 103–4, 109, 174, 195–6, 300, 331, 378, 389
Russell, Daniel A. 222–3, 226–8
Russia 187, 212–36; annexation of Crimea 217; criminal/mafia world 214; criticism of leadership 213–14; and Georgia 219–22; and Google Maps 222–3; Iranian missile threat 332–4; and NATO expansion 212; New START Treaty negotiations 231–4; nuclear-weapons fears 233–6; rollback of democratic reforms 212; and Ukraine 217; US missile defense fears 219, 223–30; US relations with 17
Russo-Georgian War, 2008 219
Saar, Erik 99
Saca, Antonio 487
Saddam Hussein 23, 45, 83, 195, 354, 357–8
Saleh, Ali Abdullah 40–1
Saleh, Ibrahim 32–3
Sale, Richard 384
Sam, Jean Vilbrun Guillaume 53
Samore, Gary 328–9
Sanderson, Janet 510–12
Sandinista movement 57, 58, 492–3
Sarkozy, Nicolas 181
satellite surveillance 213, 222–3
Saudi Arabia 32, 45, 299, 334, 334–5; invasion of Bahrain 41; and Iran 301–2; strategic importance 42; and Syria 301–2, 304
al-Saud, Muqrin bin Abdulaziz 301
Schaffer, J. Thomas 401–4
Schulte, Gregory L. 292, 341–4, 345–6, 346–7
Schultz, George 224
Scobey, Margaret 36–8
secrets, leaking 80–1
self-determination 25–7
Shannon, Thomas 542
Shapiro, Andrew 324–6
Sharon, Ariel 288–9
Sheehan, Neil 437–8
Shevardnadze, Eduard 220
Shuvalov, Igor 214
Significant Action Reports (SIGACTs) 14
Sike, Wu 327
Silva, Lula da 516, 538–39, 540
Singapore 448, 457–8, 468, 470
Sinirlioğlu, Feridun 245–6, 329–30
Skelton, Ike 268–9
Slaughter, Anne-Marie 40
Smith, Stuart 256–7
Snowden, Edward 17
Solidarity Center 40
South Africa 471–82, 514; ANC 478–80, 481–82; Carter administration and 474–7; constructive engagement policy 477–80; G. W. Bush administration and 481; Nixon administration and 470–4; Obama administration and 482
South China Sea 449, 450, 454–5
SOUTHCOM 534–5
Southeast Asia 13, 433–5, 441–4, 467–70; strategic importance 444–50; war on terror 463–7
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) 442
South Korea 13, 28, 395, 396–7, 447; foreign policy 421; military cooperation 406–8, 408; and North Korea 396–7, 420–4; relations with America 404–5, 420–2; relations with Japan 401–4; Truth and Reconciliation Commission 396; Yeongpyeong incident 422–3
South Ossetia 219–22
South Vietnam 28
sovereign debt crisis 141
sovereignty 130
Soviet Union 43, 45, 55; collapse of 444
Spanish-American War, 1898 51, 53
Special Operations Command Pacific 445–6
Spirnak, Madelyn 192–94
Sri Lanka 163
Stapleton, Craig 194–5
START I Treaty 231
State Department: and Chile 68, 70; definition of terrorism 82; foundation 4; internal communications 5–6; Middle East Partnership Initiative (MEPI) 314; overseas public relations strategy 81; public diplomacy budget 5; role 4–5
State Department cables: access 153–5; acronyms 153; archive 145–6; bias 148–9; classification levels 150–2; content 151; dynamic nature of 147; frequency 150; ideology 149; keywords 148; length 145; metadata 149–52; need for critical distance 148; numbers 145; publication 155–8; reading 146–53; redactions 156; reference ID system 150; reftel 152; role of 147; searching 146, 148, 153–5; structure 152–3; titles 150; Traffic Analysis by Geography and Subject 152; writers 147
status of forces agreements 159
Steele, Michael D. 367
Steinberg, James 267, 408, 420–1
Stephens, D. Kathleen 420–2
Strategic Defense Initiative 223–4
Suez Crisis 43
Suleiman, Omar 37
Sullivan, Leon 476–7
Sullivan, Mark 501–2
Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI) 83–4
Supreme Iraqi Islamic Council (SIIC) 84
Syria 17, 23, 31, 32, 297–321; civil war 15–16, 300–301; destabilization 298–9, 302–6, 310–12; government legitimacy 307–8; human rights 298, 314; and Iran 299, 301–2; and the Kurds 309–10; opposition 303–6; opposition funding 312–20; paranoia 305–6, 312; resistance to economic reforms 306–7, 308–9, 312; and Saudi Arabia 301–2, 304; sectarianism 300–301; terrorism in 310–11; US military intervention 297; US policy 297–301, 320–21
Tagliavini, Heidi 220
Taguba, Antonio 364
Taguba Report, the 97
Tahrir Square, Cairo 38
Taliban, the 78, 372, 373, 382, 388–9, 393
Taplin, Mark 190
Taubman, Nicholas 190
Tefft, John 221–2
TeleSUR 125–6
Tenet, George 107
terrorism: definition 12, 75, 80–6; as norm 92–3; in Syria 310–11; WikiLeaks accused of 80, 92–3
terrorists: definition 79, 80–1; Turkey and 251–3
Thabit, Adnan 84
Thailand 107, 442, 446, 448, 452–3, 461–62
torture 77, 82; Afghanistan 385–7; American use of 97–109, 111, 363–7, 385–7; CIA use of 12, 14, 96, 97, 101–3, 105–9, 206; definition 12, 94–7, 108, 111; effectiveness 107, 109–11; Iraq 85, 352, 363–7; legality 95–6, 107–8; methods 94, 97, 102–3, 104–5, 106, 107, 363; professionals 106–7, 367; prosecutions 160; psychological 97, 101–3; public opinion on 96; purpose 109–11; rationale 99, 107; report numbers 105; spin 365, 367; validation 101
torture memos, the 95–6
Trade in Services Agreement (TISA) 132, 134–5, 136
Trade-Related Intellectual Property agreements 133, 135
Traffic Analysis by Geography and Subject 152
Trafigura 114–15
Trans-Pacific Partnership [TPP] Free Trading Agreement 117, 132, 133–4, 135–6, 467–9
Treaty of Amity and Cooperation 449
Tripartite Core Group (TCG) 462
Trivelli, Paul 493–5, 496, 542
Trujillo, Rafael 56
Tunisia 31, 33–35, 37, 42, 45, 47
Turkey 16–17, 32, 237–62; corruption 258–9; economic growth 256; energy strategy 245–8; extraordinary rendition charge 239–40, 261; foreign policy 252–3; Gülen Community 254–8, 259–60; Incirlik Air Base 239–41; intelligence sharing 243–5; internal affairs 253–61; and Iran 245–53, 329–30; Israel and 259; the Kissinger cables 65–6; and the Kurds 242–6, 259; NATO membership 238–42, 245; oil imports 245–6; strategic importance 237–42; and terrorists 251–3
Turkish Petroleum Company (TPAO) 246
twenty-first-century socialism 129
Ukraine 17, 187; crisis, 2014 210; Orange Revolution 212; Russia and 217
UN Convention Against Torture 95–6, 108, 109
Union of South American Nations 508
United Arab Emirates (UAE) 334, 335–8
United Fruit Company 55
United Nations 47, 65; Human Rights Commission 68–9; Human Rights Council 281
United Nations Security Council 161, 178, 179, 263, 270–1, 283, 340, 473–4
United States of America: aid to Egypt 30; ANA Trust Fund financial malfeasance 196–7; avoidance of ICC sanctions. 162–9; colonialism 26–7, 435–41; diplomatic service 4; economic power 11–12, 112–41; embassies 3–4; empire 3–6, 11–12, 112–13; energy strategy 248; engagement with ICC 177–80; European policy 182–3; exceptionalism 434–5; foreign policy aims 237, 261; free trade imperialism 117–23; hegemony 42, 118, 433, 441, 444–6; human rights abuses 74–8; hypocrisy 30–1; Iran policy 339–40; Israel Lobby 264; Israel policy 28, 322–3, 323–9; Jewish organizations 294; Latin America policy 28–9, 49–73, 483–6; laws concerning torture 95–6; manifest destiny 25, 437; market-dependency policy 125–32; Middle East policy 28, 31–49, 237–8, 295–6, 322–3, 348; military aid 24, 263; military power 112–13; military spending 44; nuclear primacy 217–18; official secrecy 12; overseas public relations strategy 81; relationship to dictatorships 23–31; relationship with Britain 182–3; relations with South Korea 404–5, 420–2; support for anti-colonial movement 27; Syria policy 297–301, 311–12, 320–1; trade relations with Europe 184–5, 187–95; use of torture 97–109, 111, 363–6, 385–7; war crimes allegations 284
UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) 61, 510–14
USAID 18, 101, 484, 487–88, 497, 506, 506–7, 509, 517–18, 519, 520, 522, 523, 525
US Army, definition of terrorism 82
US Coast Guard 170
US forces, immunity from local law 159–60
US International Military Education and Training funding 34
USIS 84
US Navy 167
US Southern Command Situational Assessment Team 509
Valdez, Juan Gabriel 512–13
Valenzuela, Arturo 544
Vance, Cyrus 475
Vásquez, Romeo 544
Venediktov, Aleksey 215
Venevtsev, Vladimir 230
Venezuela 18, 72, 486, 515–31; cable mentions 526; CIA involvement 516; coup attempt, 2002 30, 51, 59–60, 515–16, 525–6; democracy promotion 518–22; dividing Chavismo 524; isolation efforts 538–41, 544–5; oil resources 515; opposition 520–2; penetrating the Chavista base 522–4; Petrocaribe program 517, 530–4, 535–7, 545; post-Chávez 517, 524–6, 545; radical populist allies 541–4; regional threat 526–31; relationship with Iran 522; resource nationalism 148–9; US intervention 515–16, 516–17, 517–26, 544–5
Venezuelan Bolivarianism 484
Vershbow, Alexander 213, 272–3, 284
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 485
Vietnam War 44, 101–2, 119, 442
Waked, Amr 38
Walid, Abdul 85
Walker, Ignacio 172
Wall Street Journal (newspaper) 48
war crimes 75, 92, 164; allegations against Israel 178–80, 281–4; immunity 159–60; prosecutions 159–60
war on terror 12, 34, 40, 169, 210, 261, 448; Europe and 195–200; justice and accountability 197–200; Southeast Asia 463–7; and torture 105
Washington Consensus, the 141, 485
Washington Model, the 128
Washington Post (newspaper) 78, 389–90, 483–4
Waterman, Shaun 365–6
Weekend Australian 400
Weinstein, Allen 30
Weir, Fred 216
Weissglass, Dov 278
West Bank, the 265–76
West Germany 119
Whitaker, Kevin 523
WikiLeaks: aims 158; and the Arab Spring 32–3; corporate investigations 113–17; document numbers published 1–2; domains 8; internet access to blocked 9; Jewish conspiracy theory 264; principles 157; publication schedule 155–8; search interface 153–4, 157; terrorism charge 80, 92–3; US government fatwa against 8–9
Williard, James 536–7
Wilson, Ross 239–40
Wilson, Woodrow 25, 26–7, 52, 53, 53–4, 439
Wisner, Frank G. 39
Woosang, Kim 404
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) 133, 135
World Trade Center attacks, 9/11/2001 90, 368–9
World Trade Organization (WTO) 121, 123, 131, 133, 136, 502
Worthington, Andy 99–100
Yabunaka, Mitoji 416
Yadlin, Amos 277
Yamaoka, Kenji 413–14
al-Yaqubi, Muhammad 356
Young, Andrew 475–6
Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang 470
al-Zarqawi, Abu Musab 77
Zelaya, Manuel 70, 71–2, 73, 536–7, 543–4
Zimbabwe 481