1 Ban Ki-moon, ‘Statement: Secretary General’s remarks on the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women [as prepared for delivery]’, New York, 25 November 2014.
2 Stephanie Bedo, Shannon Molloy and Ben Graham, ‘Scott Morrison slams “cowardly grub” responsible for strawberry contamination and ups jail time’, news.com. au, 19 September 2018.
3 Cathy Wilcox cartoon published in The Age and Sydney Morning Herald on 14 November 2018.
4 Jane Gilmore, ‘The truth about men and murder’, Sydney Morning Herald, 2 June 2018.
5 World Health Organization (WHO), Global Status Report on Violence Prevention 2014, WHO, Geneva, 2014.
6 Our Watch, VicHealth and ANROWS, Change the Story: A Shared Framework for the Primary Prevention of Violence Against Women and Their Children in Australia, Our Watch, Melbourne, 2015.
7 Pallavi Sinha, ‘The pressure from within: How our communities may exacerbate family violence’, ABC News, 28 November 2016.
8 The evidence in Change the Story (see note 6) shows that while these factors can intensify violence, having limited access to wealth does not cause violence. Nor does drinking alcohol, or taking drugs.
9 Anne Summers, ‘ABC’s Q&A program proves that ignorance is still rife about domestic violence’, Sydney Morning Herald, 16 April 2016.
10 Judith Ireland, ‘“No gender December”: Greens senator calls for end to gender-based toys’, Sydney Morning Herald, 2 December 2014.
11 ‘Ambassador Q&A: Andrew O’Keefe OAM’, White Ribbon Australia, July/August 2017.
12 In psychology, toxic masculinity refers to traditional cultural masculine norms that can be harmful to men, women and society overall, or conformity to certain traditional masculine ideal behaviours, such as dominance, self-reliance and competition.
13 ‘Ambassador Q&A: Andrew O’Keefe OAM’, White Ribbon Australia, July/August 2017.
14 Australia’s National Research Organisation for Women’s Safety (ANROWS), ‘National Community Attitudes towards Violence against Women Survey (NCAS) findings’, 30 November 2018, see https://ncas.anrows.org.au/findings/.
15 UN Women, Progress of the World’s Women 2011–2012: In Pursuit of Justice (Appendix 4), UN Women, New York, 2011.
16 According to the Workplace Gender Equality Agency, the gap in August 2018 was 14.6 per cent.
17 World Bank, World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development, World Bank, Washington, DC, 2011; World Bank, Toward Gender Equality and Development: A Companion to the World Development Report, World Bank East Asia and Pacific Regional Report, World Bank, Washington, DC, 2012, p. 146.
18 M Caprioli, ‘Gendered Conflict’, Journal of Peace Research, 37(1), 2000.
19 L Beaman et al., ‘Female leadership raises aspirations and educational attainment for girls: A policy experiment in India’, Science, 335, 2012, pp. 582–6; L. Beaman et al., ‘Women politicians, gender bias, and policy-making in rural India: The State of the World’s Children 2007 Background Paper’, UNICEF, New York, 2007.
20 According to the Museum of Australian Democracy and the University of Canberra’s Institute for Governance and Public Policy, August 2018.
21 For example, five years ago Our Watch worked on a pilot program of respectful relationships education with nineteen secondary schools in Victoria. Evidence from the evaluation of the pilot program has gone on to inform an investment of over $40 million in a world-first rollout of respectful relationships education in the state.
22 Pallavi Singhal, ‘Why Scott Morrison sends his daughters to private school’, Sydney Morning Herald, 3 September 2018.
23 VicHealth, ‘Australians’ attitudes to violence against women: Findings from the 2013 National Community Attitudes towards Violence Against Women Survey (NCAS)’, 17 September 2014.
24 Kantar Public, Tracking Change: Snapshot Evaluation Findings for The Line Campaign 2015 to 2017, 2017. Research undertaken for Our Watch.
25 Plan International Australia and Our Watch, A Right to the Night: Australian Girls on Their Safety in Public Places, 2016.
26 Nina Funnell, ‘Everyday steps women take that would shock men’, Herald Sun, 15 June 2018.
27 Suzannah Weiss, ‘6 Reasons “Not All Men” Misses The Point, Because It’s Derailing Important Conversations’, Bustle, 10 July 2016.
28 ‘Engaging men: Q&A with Dr Michael Flood’, BroadAgenda Blog, 16 June 2016. BroadAgenda is an initiative of the University of Canberra’s Institute for Governance and Policy Analysis.
29 Quotes from Georgina Sutherland et al., Media Representations of Violence against Women: Final Report, ANROWS, Sydney, 2016 (Horizons Research Report).
30 Antoinette Braybrook, ‘Aboriginal women’s lives really do matter’, ABC News (The Drum), 14 June 2017.
31 Stephen Smiley and Angela Lavoipierre, ‘The murders we don’t hear about—and why’, ABC News, 10 July 2018.
32 Jane Gilmore, ‘The girl who became a “thing”’, Sydney Morning Herald, 9 July 2018.
33 Sarah Farnsworth, ‘Dad guilty of Westgate Bridge murder’, ABC News, 29 March 2011; Bonnie Malkin, ‘Australian man who threw daughter off bridge jailed for 32 years’, The Telegraph, 11 April 2011.
34 Danielle Gusmaroli and Mark Morri, ‘Olga Edwards found dead months after ex-husband shot dead two children’, Daily Telegraph, 17 December 2018.
35 ‘A mother’s tragic death’, Who, 7 January 2019.
36 The ‘Violence Against Women: Australia Says No’ (VAW ASN) campaign was run in 2004. Its budget was around $23 million and the campaign included a helpline, TV, cinema and radio advertisements, and a national mail-out.
37 Anne Coutts, ‘All children should learn gender respect’, The Courier, 18 February 2016.
38 Prime Minister’s Office, official transcript.
39 The quote is from a video posted on the Australian Army’s YouTube channel in 2013 in which Lieutenant General David Morrison, then Chief of Army, called out sexist and unacceptable behaviour among the ranks.
40 Australia’s National Research Organisation for Women’s Safety (ANROWS), ‘National Community Attitudes towards Violence against Women Survey (NCAS) findings’, 30 November 2018, see https://ncas.anrows.org.au/findings/.
41 Our Watch, Bystander Research Snapshot Report, 2018.
42 PricewaterhouseCoopers Australia, A High Price to Pay: The Economic Case for Preventing Violence Against Women, 2015.
43 ‘Engaging men: Q&A with Dr Michael Flood’, Broad-Agenda Blog, 16 June 2016.