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Abenaki Indians
Abigail
Adam and Eve
Africa. See also Barbary
Africans; Black Africans; West Africans
Africanus, Leo
agrarian reform
“An Agreement of the People”
Alcazar, Battle of. See also Peele, George, Battel of Alcazar
Alexander VI (pope)
Algiers
Algonquian Indians; food and culture; language
al-Malik, ‘Abd (“Muly Molocco”)
al-Mansur, Ahmad (“Mullisheg”)
al-Mutawakkil, Muhammed (“Muly Mahamet”)
Alsop, George
Amadas, Philip
Amazon River
Ambree, Mary
America: as a continent; as an idea; as a “wilderness”
Amherst Island
Andrews, Charles
Anglicization of the landscape
Anglo-American world
Anglo-Moroccan relations
Anne of Denmark, queen of England
Antichrist
Antonio, Don
Appelbaum, Robert
approvement. See also improvement
Arabs
Arcadia
archaeology
Archer, Gabriel
Ards Peninsula
Argall, Samuel
Ariosto, Lodovico, Orlando Furioso
Armitage, David
Arnold, Anthony
Arundell, Peter
Asia
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic world; as “frame” or context for historiography; “triangulated”; slavery in
Avalon colony
Bacon, Sir Francis
Bacon, Nathaniel
Bacon's Rebellion
Bailyn, Bernard
Balboa, Vasco Nuñez de
Bale, John
Baltimore, Calvert, Lord
Banerjee, Pompa
Barbados
Barbary Coast; Barbary pirates. See also Algiers; Morocco
Barbary Company
Barbour, Philip
Bargrave, John
Barlowe, Arthur
Basque (people)
Bateman, Robert
Batman, Stephen
Beacon, Richard, Solon His Follie
beer
Behn, Aphra; The Roundheads; The Widdow Ranter
Benevente, Toribio de. See Motolinía
Benzoni, Girolamo, History of the New World
Beowulf
Berkeley Hundred
Berkeley, Sir William
Bermuda
Best, Thomas
Beverley, Robert
Bible
Black Legend
blackamores
Blair, James
Blansett, Lisa
Blount, Henry, A Voyage into the Levant
Bodin, Jean
Boemus, Jacob
Boethius
Boistaurau, Jean
Boorde, Andrew
Boscawen, Hugh
Bourchier, Sir John
Boyle, Richard, earl of Cork
Bradford, William
Braudel, Fernand, Civilization and Capitalism
Brewer, Thomas, A Knot of Fools
Bridges, Bess
Brinsley, John
Bristol
Britain: ancient; Anglo-Saxon
Britomart
Britons
Bush, Jonathan
Butler, Nathaniel; Unmasking of Virginia
Byam, Henry
Byrd, Robert
Cabot, John
Cabot, Sebastian
Cadiz
Caesar, Augustus
Caesar, Julius
Caliban
Camden, William
Campanella, Tommaso
Campion, Edmund, Historie of Ireland
cannibalism
Canny, Nicholas
Cape Ann
Cape Breton
Cape Cod
Cape Fear
Cape Henry
capitalism
Carib Indians
Caribbean Sea. See also West Indies
Carleill, Christopher
Carter's Grove
cartography
Cassius, Dio
Castiglione, Baldassar
Catholics (Roman) and Catholicism; Catholic Antichrist; Catholic Europe
Cecil, Sir Robert
Chamberlen, Peter
Chaplin, Joyce
Charles I
Charles II
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Chaucer, Gregory
Chawanoc Indians
Chesapeake (region)
Chesapeake Bay
Chesapeake Indians
Chicheley, Sir Henry
Chickahominie Indians
Chilton, Edward
chivalry
Christianity; conversion to. See also evangelization
Cicero
civility, civilization; “civilizing” the natives; as imperium. See also evangelization
Clark, John
classrooms, modern
Clifford family
Coke, Sir Edward
Cole, Humphrey, Compendium Dial, (fig. 3.4)
colonialism: discourse of; doctrine of; ideology of; Irish and American
colonists: conception of natives; English; Roanoke; second and third waves (1610-11); Spanish
colonization
Columbus, Christopher
commodities, commodification
commons
compass dial
conflict, Anglo-Indian; armed; cultural; slaughter of Indians at celebration of peace treaty. See also “Massacre” of 1622
Connacht
Connell-Smith, Gordon
Connor, Walker
conquest, meaning of
Constantinople
“contact vision”
“contact zone”
Cope, Sir Walter
Cork
Cortéz, Hernán
Coup of 1622. See “Massacre of 1622”
Crashaw, William
Cromwell, Oliver
Cronon, William
Croatan Island
Culpeper, Thomas, Lord
cultural conflict. See conflict
culture, idea of
D'Aranda, Emmanuel
Daborne, Richard, A Christian Turn'd Turke
Dale, Sir Thomas; Lawes Divine, Moral and Martiall
Danisker, Simon
Darby, H. C.
Davies, Sir John
Davies, William
de Bry, Theodore, (fig. 5.2); engravings for Hariot, Briefe and True Report, (figs.3.2, 3.3), (figs. 8.1, 8.2, 8.3), (figs. 9.1, 9.2)
De La Warr, Thomas West, Lord; arrives in James River
Dee, John; Elements of Euclid
Dekker, Thomas, Lusts Dominion
dendrochronology
Derricke, John, The Image of Ireland with a Discoverie of Woodkarne
“A Description of the River and Country”
Desdemona
Desmond, earl of
Dickinson, Jane
diet books
Digby, John
Digest of Justinian
disease, at Jamestown
Dolphin
Dominican Order
Donegal
Donne, John
Dowdall, Sir John
Drake, Sir Francis
drama, English
drought conditions
Dublin
Dundalk, siege of
Dunn, Richard S.
Dutch (people and nation); Dutch Sea Beggars. See also Low Countries
Dymock, Cressy
East, idea of the
Eastern Shore
Eden, Garden of, (fig. 8.3)
Eden, Richard
Edwards, Jess
Effingham, Howard, Lord
Eiakintomino, (fig. 2.1)
El Dorado
Elias, Norbert
Elizabeth I
enclosure
England; attitudes toward slavery and freedom; Church of; economy; “exhausted,” in comparison to Virginia; global aspirations of; Powhatan embassies to; Revolution
English (people); dominance over Ireland; empire; English slaves; “Englishness,”; food practices; intended by Powhatan to be absorbed into his dominions; New and Old in Ireland; policy toward foreign interlopers; privateers
engraving, process of
ethnography
ethnohistorians
Europe, southern
evangelization. See also Christianity, conversion to
exploration
Fabian, William
Fair Maid of the West. See Heywood, Thomas
Falls (of James River)
famine; in England; response at Jamestown under Smith
Famous History of the Life and Death of Thomas Stukeley
Fayal
Ferguson, Margaret
Fernandes, Simon
Fernádez, Alejo, La Virgen de los Navagentes, (fig. 5.1)
Ferrar family; Mrs. John; Nicholas
feudalism
fish
Fitz-Geffrey, Charles
Fitzherbert, John; Boke of Surveyenge
Florida
food, foodstuffs; food practices
Fort Caroline
Fox, John
France
Franciscan Order
Franklin, Alfred
French (people)
Frethorne, Richard
Frobisher, Martin
Fuller, Mary C.
Galley Bonavolia
Gates, Sir Thomas
Gauls
Geertz, Clifford
Genesis
Genoa
geography
Germans, ancient
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey
Gilbert, Sir John
Giraldus
Gleach, Frederic
Glorious Revolution
Gloucester
Gloucestershire
gluttony
Godspeed
gold, search for
Gondomar, Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, Count
Góngora, Mario
Gonner, E. C. K.
Googe, Barnaby
Gorges, Sir Ferdinando
Gouge, William
Gray, Robert, A Good Speed to Virginia
Greenblatt, Stephen
Gregory (pope)
Grenville, Sir Richard
Grey, Lord
Griffin, Eric
Grymeston, Edmund
Guasco, Michael J.
Guiana
Gulf of Mexico
Gulstone, Theodore
Hadfield, Andrew
Hakluyt, Richard (the elder)
Hakluyt, Richard (the younger); Discourse of Western Planting; Principall Navigations
Hall, Kim
Hamor, Ralph
Handlin, Oscar
Hansel and Gretel
Hapsburg Empire. See also Spain, Spanish Empire; Charles V
Harborne, Sir William
Hariot, Thomas; A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia
Harrison, William
Hartlib, Samuel
Hartwell, Henry
Harwood, William
Hatarask Island
Hawkins, Sir John
Hebb, David
Henry VII
Henry VIII
Henry, Cardinal
Herbert, Thomas
Herbert, Sir William, Croftus sive de Hibernia Liber
Herman, Peter
Herodotus
Heywood, Thomas: The Fair Maid of the West Part I; Part II; If You Know Not Me, You Know Nobody
Hippocratic writers
Hispanophilia
Hispanophobia
historians; in contrast to literary critics
Hole, William
Holinshed, Raphael, Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Holy Roman Empire
Hooker, John
Horn, James
Howard, Jean
Howell, James
Hulme, Peter
Hungary
hunger; horror of
Iberia, as political unit
Iceland
ideology; American expansionist; English; imperial. See also Spain, “specter of
Imperium britannicum
improvement
indentured servants
“Indian College”
Indians, North American; agency in European texts; Caribbean; compared to Picts; education of by English; food practices; generalized image of; presumed racial identity; representations of; as slaves; treated like Irish. See also Christianity, conversion to; individual groups
Ireland
Irish (people); “wild Irish”
Irish colonies
Isabella of Castile
Islam
Islamic states
Italy
Iwanisziw, Susan
Jackson, Goodman
Jahangir, emperor of Mughal
James I
James II
James River
Jamestown: achieves prosperity; conditions in; founding; General Assembly of; ideological and diplomatic context; siege of (1609-10); site; slaughter of Indians at celebration of peace treaty; “starving time”; study of; and tobacco trade
Jeffreys, Herbert, Colonel
Jennings, Francis
Jerusalem
Jesuits
Jews, expulsion of
Jobson, Richard
Johnson, Richard, “Life and Death of the Famous Thomas Stukeley”
Johnson, Robert; The New Life of Virginea, Nova Britannia
Jonson, Ben: The Alchemist; Bartholomew Fair; Epicoene
Jordan, Constance
Josephus, Flavius
Kainta
Kecoughtan Indians
Kellet, Edward
Kelso, William
Kendall, George, Captain
King, Dr. John
Kinsale; Battle of
Knolles, Richard; Generall Historie of the Turks
Kupperman, Karen
labor
Lambeth Palace
Lane, Ralph
Las Casas, Bartolomé de; Brevissima relación de la destruyción de las indias; translated as The Spanish Colonie
Lawson, John
Le Challeux, Nicolas, The discourse of the history of Florida
le Moyne de Morgues, Jacques
Lee, Joseph
Lee, Samuel
Leigh, Valentine, The Most Profitable and Commendable Science, of Surveying of Landes
Leland, John
Lembri, Francis (“Limbrecke”)
Levant Company
Lévi-Strauss, Claude
Lewis, Bernard
Leyenda negra. See Black Legend
”The Life and Death of the Famous Thomas Stukeley”
Ligon, Richard
Lipsius, Justus
literary critics, in contrast to historians
Little Gidding
Little Ice Age
liturgical calendar
Livy
Locke, John; Lockean paradigm; “Of Property”; Two Treatises
London Company. See Virginia Company
London
Londonderry Plantation
Long Meg of Westminster
Louis
Love, John, Geodaesia
Lovell, John
Low Countries. See also Dutch
Lowe, Thomas
Lusts Dominion. See Dekker, Thomas
Lutherans
Machiavelli
Mackenthun, Gesa
Madonna
Magdalen Islands
Magellan, Ferdinand
Maguel, Francis
Maine
Maltese Cross, on Smith's Map
Manchester Papers
Mannahoacs
Manoa
Manteo
maps, meaning of
Marcus Aurelius
Martin, John
Martin, Richard
Martin's Hundred
“Massacre” of 1622
Massawomek Indians
Massinger, Philip: The Bondman; The Renegado
mastiffs
Matachanna
Matahan, (fig. 2.1)
Matar, Nabil
Matchumps
mathematics
McHugh, P. G.
McKeon, Michael
McRae, Andrew
Mediterranean world; slavery in
Meinig, D. W.
Melancholy Cavalier, (fig. 12.1)
Mellifont
Menard, Russell R.
Menatonon
Mendieta, Jerónimo
Merton statute
Mexico
Mintz, Sidney
miscegenation
Molina, Diego de
Monacan Indians
Monson, William
Montanus, Gonsalvius, A Discovery and Playne Declaration
Montrose, Louis
Moore, Adam
Moors; as ethnic/racial category
More News from Virginia
More, Sir Thomas, Utopia
Morgan, Edmund
Morocco; kings
Moryson, Fynes; description of the Irish
Motollinía
Mountjoy, Charles, Lord
Mullisheg. See al-Mansur, Ahmed
Muly Mahamet. See al-Mutawakkil, Muhammed
Muly Molocco. See al-Malik, ‘Abd
Munday, Anthony
Munster; Munster Plantation
Murrin, John S.
Muscovy
Namontack; in London; mentioned in Jonson's Epicoene; reported murdered
Nanawack
Nansemond Indians
Narragansett Bay
nations and nationalism
Native Americans. See Indians
Naurians
Navirans
Negro (ship)
Negroes
Netherlands. See Low Countries
Neville, Henry, News from the New Exchange
A New Description of Virginia
New England
New World; bounty of; “problem” of. See also America
New York Public Library
Newfoundland
Newport, Christopher
Nine Years War
Noël Hume, Ivor and Audrey
Noel, Martin
Norden, John, Surveyor's Dialogue
Nova Scotia
Nuce, Sir William
O'Brien, Murrogh
O'Malley, Grace
O'Neill, Hugh, earl of Tyrone
O'Neill, Shane
Okee (Powhatan god)
Old World
Opechancanough (Pawmunkey chief), (fig. 1.1)
Opitchapam
Orinoco River
Othello. See also Shakespeare, William
Ottoman Empire. See also Turkey
Outer Banks. See also Roanoke
Ovid, Metamorphoses
Oxford
Pagden, Anthony
Pale, the
Pamunkey Indians
papacy; Donation of 1493
Parliament (England)
Paspahegh Indians
Payne, Robert, Brief Description of Ireland
Peckham, Sir George
Peele, George, The Battel of Alcazar
Penobscot Bay
Pepys, Samuel
Percy, George; Observations Gathered out of a Discourse of the Plantation of the Southerne Colonie in Virginia by the English, 1606
Pérez, Antonio
Perfect Description of Virginia
Perkins, William
Peter Martyr; De Orbe Novo Decades
Peru
Philip II
Philip III
Picts
Pilgrims (New England)
pirates, piracy. See also English (people), privateers
Pizarro, Francisco
Plat, Hugh
The Planter's Plea
Plato
Plymouth Colony
Plymouth Company
Pocahontas; in England; evoked by Smith's Turkish mistress; “Lady Rebecca Rolfe,”; portrait, (fig. 2.2); “saves” life of Smith, marries Rolfe
Portugal; ambitions; absorption into Spain; empire; involvement in slave trade; as model of colonialist policy; succession crisis. See also Iberia
Pory, John
Potomac River
Powhatan (Wahunsonacock); accedes to English occupation; “coronation” by English; dispatches Namontack to England; as figure and name on John Smith's Map
Powhatan Confederation
Powhatan Indians; religious leaders
Pratt, Marie Louise
The Present State of Virginia, and the College
Price, Hugh
privateers
Privy Council; Acts of Privy Council
property, private
Protestantism; English; militant. See also England, Church of
providence
Provost, John
Purchas, Samuel; Purchas His Pilgrimmes; tries to convert Tomocomo
Puritans
Quebec
Quinn, David B.
race; and slavery
Ralegh, Sir Walter; Discoverie of Guiana
Rapahanna Indians
Rappahannock River
A Relation of Maryland
renegades
The Renegado. See Massinger, Philip
Requierimento. See also rituals of possession
Rich, Barnaby; New Description of Ireland; True and Kind Excuse
Rich, Henry, earl of Warwick
Rich, Nathaniel
rituals of possession
Roanoke
Roberts, Henry
Rolfe, John
Rome, ancient; institution of slavery; model of imperialism. See also translatio imperii
Rose, Emily
Royal African Company
Russia
Sagadahoc colony
St. Augustine (Florida)
St. Augustine, City of God
St. Lawrence Seaway
St. Mary Spital
St. Nevis Island
Sanders, Thomas
Sandys, Sir Edwin
Sandys, George; Metamorphoses; Relation of Journey
Sandys, Margaret, Lady Wyatt
Santa Fe
Savage, Thomas
savagery
Scotland
Scots. See also Picts
Sea Venture
Sebastian, king of Portugal
Secotan Indians
Sepúlveda, Juan Ginés de
Severn River
Shakespeare, William; King Lear; Merchant of Venice; Othello; The Tempest
Sheehan, Bernard
Sherley, Sir Anthony
Sherwood, William
Sidney, Sir Henry
Sidney, Sir Philip, Arcadia
Silver, Timothy
Simpson, Richard
Skelton, John
Skinner, Quentin
slave trade
slavery; plantation; black; chattel; slave narratives
Smith, John; attitude toward Spanish; and “coronation” of Powhatan; criticizes idle gentlemen; experience in Turkey; explores and maps the Chesapeake; first meeting with Powhatan; joins Catholic Hapsburg army; life story; motto, Vincere est Vivere; remodels himself as a “gentleman”; returns Namontack to Powhatan; “saved” by Pocahontas; and Tomocomo in London
Smith, John, works: Advertisements for the Unexperienced Planters of New England; A Description of New England; The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles, (fig. 1.1), (fig. 3.5); A Map of Virginia, (fig. 1.2); The Proceedings of the English Colonie in Virginia; A True Relation of Such Occurences and Accidents of Note; The True Travels, Adventures, and Relations of Captaine John Smith
Smith, Sir Thomas
Smyth, John, of Nibley
Somers, Sir George
Songhay
South Carolina
Southhampton, earl of. See Wriosthely, Henry
Spain; aggression; decline of global power; empire; English responses to; establishes Chesapeake outpost; ethnicity; eviction of Moriscos; imperial ambitions; “providential election” as world leader; relations with Morocco; relations with Portugal; and slave trade; Spanish Armada; Spanish Fleet; Spanish Main; “specter” of
Spartan virtues
Spelman, Henry
Spenser, Edmund; The Faerie Queene; View of the Present State of Ireland. See also Britomart
Squanto
Stanihurst, Richard
Star Chamber
Stow, John
Strachey, William; Historie of Travell into Virginia Britania; “A True Reportory”
Strange News from Virginia
Stuart regime
Stubbes, Phillip
Stukeley, Thomas. See also Famous History
Suárez de Toledo, Alonso
sugar industry
Süleyman the Magnificent, sultan
sumptuary laws
Sunderland, earl of
surveying, land
Susan Constant, Godspeed, Discovery (first ships of Jamestown colonists)
Susquehannock Indians; Bowman on Smith's Map, (fig. 3.1)
Susquehannock River
Symonds, William
Tacitus
Tasso, Torquato, Gerusalamme Liberata
temperance
tenure, leasehold, and copyhold
Thames River
Thomson, Jasper
Thorpe, George
Tiger
Tindol, Captain. See Kendall, George
Tintam, John
tobacco
Todd, Janet
Tomocomo; encounter with John Smith in London
Towaye
Tracy, William
Tragbigzanda, Charatza
translatio imperii; Spanish version. See also Imperium brittanicum
Transylvania
Traub, Valerie
travel writing
treason
Treaty of London (1604)
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
Troy
Tsenacommacah, territory of Powhatans
Turkey. See also Ottoman Empire
Turks; “Turk” as ethnic category; “turning Turk”; Turkish slaves
Tymor, brother of Charatza Tragbigzanda; murdered by John Smith
Ulster Rebellion, Second
Ulster; Ulster Plantation
Uprising of 1622. See “Massacre” of 1622
Utopia. See More, Thomas
Vale of Berkeley, van Meer, Michael
Vaughan, Alden
Vaughan, Robert
Velasco, Don Luís (Paquiquineo)
Venice
Verstegan, Richard
Vienna
villeinage
Virgil, Aeneid
Virginia: compared to ancient Rome; as constructed idea; as constructed territory; mapped; as “separate cultural space,”
Virginia Assembly
Virginia Colony; founding of; early settlement. See also Jamestown; Chesapeake region
Virginia Company; Charter revised by James I; initial instructions for colony; promotes lottery (fig. 2.1); use of propaganda; repopulates colony after
Virginia Council “A True Declaration,”
Wahunsonacock. See Powhatan
Wales
Walsingham, Francis
Walter, John
Wanchese
Ward, John
warfare (Anglo-Indian). See conflict
Warwick, earl of. See Rich, Henry
waste
Waterhouse, Edward
Webb, Stephen
Weber, Max
Werowocomoco
Wertenbaker
West Country
West Indies;
West, idea of the
”Westward Enterprise,”
whiskey, corn
Whitaker, Alexander
White, John
Whittakers, Mrs.
Wild Coast
William I of Orange, Apology Against…the King of Spaine
William III of Orange
Williams, Roger
Williamson, Joseph
Wingfield, Edward Maria
Wingina
Wolstenholme, John
Wood, William
Woolley, Hannah
Worsop, Edward
Wriosthely, Henry, earl of Southhampton
Wyatt, Sir Francis
Yeardley, George
York River
Young, Robert
Zuniga, Pedro de