NOTE: Bold page numbers refer to charts.
Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company, 4–5
abundance
as all-inclusive idea, 22
as both plan and perspective, 239
challenge to achieving, 25–26, 27
characteristics of, 302
as creating a world of possibility, 13, 236
energy as important lynchpin for, 155
evidence for, 241–42
as humanity’s greatest challenge, 242
innovation as key to, 229
lack of belief in possibility of, 25–26, 27, 29, 30, 73
Malthusians and, 92
possibility of, 9–11
as race against time, 217
rate of technological progress and, 48
targets for, 239
websites about, 241–42
See also pyramid of abundance
academic institutions, 56–57
See also specific institution
accessibility, as challenge to abundance, 6, 44, 238
acid rain, 39
Acumen Fund, 136
Adamchak, Raoul, 104
adjacent possible, 236–39
Advanced Projects Research Agency—Energy (ARPA-E), 165
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), 61, 170
Aero Club of America, 218–19
aerospace. See space flight
AeroVironment, 125
Afghanistan: U.S. invasion of, 64
Africa
“cheetah generation” in, 156
children in, 270
Coca-Cola in, 91
education in, 176, 178–79, 182, 270
food and agriculture in, 111, 114
life span in, 190
mobile/cell phones in, 91, 285
pollution in, 156
possibility of abundance and, 9
quality of life in, 43
Rosling’s study and, 47
and shoe salesmen story, 100
social entrepreneurship and, 130
technophilanthropy in, 139
trunk line extension project in, 90
UAVs for, 126–27
undernourished people in, 254
women and children in, 156
and world urbanization prospects, 274
See also specific nation
The Age of Intelligent Machines (Kurzweil), 55
The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence (Kurzweil), 55
agroecology and, 114–15
artificial intelligence and, 108–9, 115
biotechnology and, 102–4, 113–15
as brute force equation, 100–102
charts about, 251–57
computers and, 96
constraints on, 101
cultured meat and, 112–13, 114
economy and, 256
education and, 188
environment and, 109
GMO/GEs and, 102–4, 109, 113–15
as key to environmental challenge, 150
as petroleum backed, 100–101, 102
population and, 106
precision, 96
sustainable, 150
ultra-yield, 61
Venter’s experiments with, 61
vertical farming and, 105–9, 114, 115
water and, 86, 87, 91, 95, 96, 256
See also farmers/farming; food; hunger
agroecology, 114–15
AI. See artificial intelligence
AIDS, 70, 137, 190, 196, 226, 255, 259
air
bioterrorism and, 297
progress and, 42
purification of, 19
See also aeroponics
Air Force, U.S., exponential technology and, 52–53
Air New Zealand, 163
Airbus, 225
al Qaeda, 211
Alcock, John, 218
Aldrin, Buzz, 124
algae, 161–63
“alkanivore,” 128
Allen, Paul, 139
Allen, Will, 111
altruism, 34
aluminum: lesson of, 3–6
Amazon basin/rain forest, 95–96, 113, 165
Ames Research Center (NASA), 57
Amnesty International, 8
Amyris Biotechnologies, 163
anchoring, 31
Anderson, Chris, 81, 125, 126, 127, 152
Andrews, Emem, 157
Ansari, Anousheh, 8–9, 220, 232
Ansari X PRIZE, 220, 221, 225, 232
AOL, 165
Apangea Learning, 187
Apollo space program, 218, 233
app stores, 151
Appert, Nicolas, 221
Apple Computer, 122, 146, 151, 230, 232–33
aquaculture, 110–12, 113, 115, 257
aquaponics, 109
Aquion Energy, 165
Archimedes, 57
Architecture Machine Groups, 177
Archon Genomics X PRIZE, 224, 225
Armadillo Aerospace, 223
Army, U.S.: “super soldier” program of, 303
artificial intelligence (AI)
dematerialization and, 151
education and, 187–88
exponential technologies and, 56, 63–66
at Singularity University, 57–58
as transformation technology, 10, 72
UAV and, 126–27
Artificial Intelligence Lab, MIT, 177
Asia
food and agriculture in, 111, 252
health care in, 197
population in, 279
sanitation in, 249
undernourished people in, 254
and world urbanization prospects, 274
See also specific nation
asking the right questions, 181–82
assassination, 44
assemblers, 71–72
assisted living: robotics and, 199
Association of American Medical Colleges, 70, 192
AT&T, 170
Atala, Anthony, 201
attention: role of brain in, 32–33
Atwater, Harry, 164
Australia, 287
authority bias, 36
authority figures, 37
availability
definition of abundance and, 13, 146
See also accessibility
availability heuristic, 29
Avatar (movie), 68
See also space flight
B Lab, 130
backyard nukes, 168–69
Bacon, Francis, 105
Baer, Daniel B., 212
bandwagon effect, 31
Bangladesh, 89, 142, 144–45, 204, 273
banking
cyber crime and, 298
dangers of exponential technologies and, 298, 302
mobile, 145–46
Barry, Dan, 198–99
basic needs
American spending for, 238
Maslow’s hierarchy and, 14, 237, 245
time and, 40
See also specific need
Bass, Carl, 68–70
Béland, Francis, 221–22
Benedict, Ruth, 14
Bentley, Peter, 146
“The Best Stats You’ve Ever Seen” (Rosling), 46–48
Betancourt, Ingrid, 208
Bezos, Jeff, 231
bicycle-parts pump, 90
Bigstep, 158
Bill Arnold Middle School (Grand Prairie, Texas), 187
bio oil, 162
BioBricks, 128
BioCassava Plus, 104
biological evolution: cooperation and, 77–79
biomass energy systems, 109, 269
biomaterials, 150
biomedical engineering, 10
biomimicry, 152
bionic hearts, 55
BioRegional Development, 5
See also GEs/GMO (genetically modified crops)
biotechnology
agriculture and, 102–4, 113–15
cooperation and, 77–79
dematerialization and, 152
education and, 175
nanotechnology and, 95
at Singularity University, 57–58
as transformation technology, 10, 72
birth control, 17
Blees, Tom, 167–68
blood tests, 23
Blue Heron Biotechnology, 60
Blumenthal, Richard, 299
Bones (TV show), 194
BoP (bottom of the pyramid) market
cell phones and, 144–45, 146, 147
coffeehouses/idea exchange in, 148–50
democracy and, 147
happiness and, 238–39
health care and, 195
resource curse and, 146–48
as world’s biggest market, 140–44, 150
See also “rising billion”
The Bottom Billion (Collier), 147
BP Deepwater Horizon, 128, 221–22
Bradford, Travis, 172
brain
cognitive biases and, 29–31
Dunbar’s number and, 36
exponential technologies and, 56
Google as included in human, 55–56
information processing by, 32–35, 191
interpersonal relationships processed by, 36
linear, 48
neuroeconomics and, 229–30
regrowth and rewiring of, 200
role in perceiving reality of, 27, 29–31, 32–34, 37
and world as global and exponential, 34–35
and world as local and linear, 34–35
See also specific part of brain
brainstorming, 234
Brand, Stewart, 103–4, 119–21, 122, 149, 167
Brin, Sergey, 66
Broderick, Damien, 53
Brown, Arthur Whitten, 218
Brown, Lester, 101
Buckyballs, 72
Burning Man event, 126
Burundi, 179
Bush, George W., 167, 207, 303–4
business/industry
as force for good, 121
Internet impact on, 62
social entrepreneurship and, 130
See also specific business or type of business
California: solar energy in, 160
California Institute of Technology
JCAP and, 163
Singularity University compared with, 57
Camara, Carlos, 194
Cambodia, 177
Cambria Consulting, 181
Cameron, James, 222
Cameroon, 145
Camfed, 136
Canada, 287
cancer, 19, 31, 40, 156, 198, 202, 226
Capitalism at a Crossroads (Hart), 143
carbon emissions, 19, 162, 164, 167–69, 172, 270, 297
Carbon War Room, 172
Carmack, John, 223–24
cars
AI, 63–65
BoP market and, 143
dematerialization and, 151
electric, 163
exponential technologies and, 55, 297
prize for gas saving, 224
Case, Steve, 139
catallaxy: pursuit of, 18–20
cataracts, 196–98
Celera company, 60
Celgene Corporation, 200
cell phones
adjacent possible and, 239
BoP market and, 91, 144–45, 146, 147
cost of, 239
progress and, 43
in rural areas, 91
pyramid of abundance and, 19, 21–22
subscription growth in, 283
Centennial Challenges program, NASA, 223
Center for Digital Business, MIT, 234
Center for Disease Control, U.S., 296
Center for Global Development, 157
Center for Sustainable Energy Research, CalTech, 164
Central Glass, 94
Cerf, Vint, 61–63
change
adjacent possible as driver of, 236
as backbone of abundance, 35
in local and linear world, 34
Change Leadership Group, 178
charity. See technophilanthropy
about dematerialization and demonetization, 289–90
about democracy, 272
about education, 270–71
about energy, 262–70
about exponential curves, 291–92
about food and agriculture, 251–57
about health and health care, 258–61
about information and communication technologies, 280–87
listing of, 243
about philanthropy, 287–88
about population and urbanization, 273–79
about water and sanitation, 246–50
Chase, Herbert, 193
Chernobyl, 168
chess: computers as playing, 55, 65
Chevron, 163
children/infants
in Africa, 156
energy and, 19
mortality of, 16–17, 19, 92, 190, 236, 249, 258, 259, 260, 275, 278, 279
technology engagement in, 271
Children of Jihad (Cohen), 207
China
censorship in, 207
energy in, 263
food and agriculture in, 101, 108, 110
Internet users in, 286
labor force in, 301
longevity in, 43
population of Africa and, 273
quality of life in, 43
Chopra, Aneesh, 184
Churchill, Winston, 112
Cincinnati County Day School, 183–84
circularity, 236
cities
coffeehouses in, 149
fertility rates and, 92
innovation in, 149
vertical farming in, 256
and world urbanization prospects, 274
civil rights, 43
Clarke, Arthur C., 53, 65, 227, 229
Clavier, Charles W., 219
Clean Air Act, 39
Clean Edge, 163
See also global warming
Clinton, Bill, 60
cloud computing, 71
CNBC, 139
coal
deaths by, 265
as emergency backup, 166
solar power compared with, 160, 268
U.S. demand for, 262
world consumption of, 269
coastal wave energy, 269
Coca-Cola, 91
coffeehouses, 148–50
cognitive biases, 29–31, 36, 38, 221
“cognitive surplus,” 83
Cohen, Jared, 24, 207–8, 209–10, 211–12, 213
Coli, Francois, 219
collaboration, 149, 153, 176, 188
See also cooperation; small groups
Collier, Paul, 147
Columbia University
mChip technology at, 196
and Watson at medical school, 193
Commerce Department, U.S., 125
commodification, 142–43
Common Wealth (Sachs), 80
communications
BoP market and, 144–45
crowdsourcing and, 147
freedom and, 211–12
possibility of abundance and, 9–10
pyramid of abundance and, 14, 18, 21–22
See also data; information; information and communications technologies (ICTs)
Community Computer Center, 121
compassion, 34
Competing for the Future (Prahalad and Hamel), 140
competition. See incentive prizes
computers/computing
agriculture and, 96
artificial intelligence and, 65–66
cloud, 71
cost of, 53, 54, 55, 70, 177, 178, 281
cyber crime and, 298–300
dangers of exponential technologies and, 302
DIY and, 127
education and, 21, 174–76, 177–79, 186, 188
exponential growth of, 186, 280, 281
exponential technologies and, 53–54, 55–56
future of, 55–56
health care and, 192–93, 201–2
infinite, 69–70
Maker Movement and, 126
mobility of, 148
reality and, 298–99
security flaws and, 299
at Singularity University, 57–58
speed of, 53, 54, 55, 65–66, 281
as tools of cooperation, 80
as transformation technology, 10, 69–70
weapons and, 55
See also robotics
connectivity
BoP market and, 144–45
cooperation and, 80–81
education and, 177
productivity and, 144–45
The Constitution of Liberty (Hayek), 43
constraints: power of, 224–25, 235
consumers/consumption
dematerialization and demonetization and, 150–51
increase in, 149
of livestock products, 252, 253
population and, 43
power of, 263
control
cognitive biases and, 31
of nanotechnology, 72
See also regulation
Cook, Scott, 234
cookstove, electric, 19–20
cooperation
biological evolution and, 77–79
connectivity and, 80–81
democracy and, 84
division of labor and, 80–81
Goldcorp and, 81–82
as means of understanding and affecting global issues, 81–83
roots of, 77–79
tools of, 77–84
See also collaboration
Cotton, Ann, 136
Craigslist, 152
Crapper, Thomas, 97
creativity
constraints on, 224–25
games and, 183
See also innovation
Credit Suisse: Global Wealth Report of, 138
Crick, Francis, 128
critical thinking, 21
crops. See agriculture; farmers/farming; type of crop
Crowdrise, 130
crowdsourcing, 147
cultural evolution, 78
culture: as ability to exchange and innovate, 45
cyber crime, 298–300
Da Vinci, Leonardo, 51
da Vinci Surgical Systems, 197
DARPA. See Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
data
BioBrick, 128
cyber crime and, 298–300
about education, 187
about energy, 170
exchange of, 46–48
growth of digital, 282
LOC, 71
open-source, 128
and planet as global data field, 62
role of brain in processing, 32–35
United Nations, 46–48
See also communications; information
Datawind corporation, 84
Daugherty, Dale, 126
Davis, Noel, 219
death penalty, 44
decision-making: cognitive biases and, 29, 30
The Decision Tree (Goetz), 203
Deep Blue supercomputer, 65
DeepQA software, 192–93
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), 61, 64, 197
Defense Department, U.S., 218, 223
DEKA Research and Development, 88
Delft University of Technology, 128
DeLong, J. Bradford, 45
dematerialization, 150–51, 153, 196, 238, 289–90
democracy, 43, 44, 81, 84, 147, 188, 213, 272
demonetization, 152, 196, 238, 289–90
Deng Xiaoping, 48
denim manufacturing, 141
desertification, 94
Despommier, Dickson, 106–7, 108
developed countries
data about, 47–48
dematerialization and demonetization in, 150–51
education in, 178
fertility rates in, 92
food and agriculture in, 251, 252
health care in, 198
life span in, 190
mobile/cellular subscriptions in, 283
toilets in, 98
undernourished people in, 254
See also specific nation
developing nations
banking in, 145
data about, 47–48
digital manufacturing and infinite computing in, 70
energy in, 169
fertility rates in, 92
food and agriculture in, 251, 252
happiness and, 238–39
health care in, 197, 203–4, 249, 275
hunger in, 100
as incubator for technology, 150
mobile/cellular subscriptions in, 283
resource curse in, 146–48
“rising billion” in, 149–50
technophilanthropy in, 136, 138
toilets in, 98
undernourished people in, 254
urbanization vs. income in, 275
water in, 249
YouTube users in, 84
See also specific nation
Development as Freedom (Sen), 24
Deville, Henri Sainte-Claire, 4
Dewey, John, 21
dialysis machine, 88–91
The Diamond Age (Stephenson), 187
“The Digital Disruption” (Cohen and Schmidt), 211–12
digital manufacturing, 57–58, 68–70
DIME Hydrophobic Materials, 94
disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), 259, 260
disaster relief, 93–94
disease
animals as source of, 110
benefits of technology and, 304
BoP market and, 143
children’s death and, 259
cultured meat and, 112–13
during disasters, 93
evolution of technology and, 304
exponential technologies and, 55, 56
incentive prizes and, 226
lack of belief in possibility of abundance and, 25
life span and, 190
nutrition-related, 255
pollution and, 260
population control and, 17
progress and, 42
pyramid of abundance and, 17, 19
stem cells and, 199–201
water/sanitation and, 16, 93, 98
See also health/health care; specific disease
Disney, 158
“disruptive convergence,” 35
disruptive technology, 143
distributed intelligence, 171
division of labor, 18, 45, 80–81, 179
DIY. See Do-It-Yourself (DIY) innovators
DNA
cost of sequencing, 261
and dangers of genetic engineering, 295
discovery of, 245
DIY innovators and, 127–28, 129
P4 medicine and, 202
population growth and history of technology and, 245
of prokaryotes, 77
ultraspecialization and, 57
Venter study of, 60–61
zero-cost diagnostics and, 195
See also GEs/GMO
Do-It-Yourself (DIY) innovators
achieving abundance and, 239
bio, 127–29
cooperation and, 77
as force for abundance, 144
free information and, 121
Maker Movement and, 125–27
possibility of abundance and, 10
power of small groups and, 122–25
robots for health care and, 199
social entrepreneurship and, 86, 129–31
statement of purpose for, 120
See also specific person
Doctors Without Borders, 46
Doerr, John, 165
DonorsChoose.org, 129–30
Draper, John, 121
Drayton, Bill, 129
drugs
in age of health care abundance, 204
availability of, 70
foreign aid for, 147
income level and, 259
Kamen research and injecting, 88
P4 medicine and, 202
production of, 163
pyramid of abundance and, 19, 23
regulation of biotechnology and, 296
risk-benefit tradeoff of, 297
robotics and, 300
Duke, James B., 133
Dunbar, Robin, 36–37
Dyson, Freeman, 158
Eagleman, David, 32
Earle, Sylvia, 110–12
Earth: as pale blue dot, 98–99
Earth (Pliny the Elder), 3
Earth Policy Institute, 101
Easterly, William, 146–47
Economist magazine, 114, 136, 146, 234
economy/economics
benefits of exponential technologies and, 303
complex, 302
definition of, 302
food and agriculture and, 256
freedom and, 205
“long-tailed,” 81
Ridley’s study of trends in, 40
scarcity model of, 302
water and, 249
education
access to, 238
American spending for, 238
artificial intelligence and, 65, 66, 187–88
and asking the right questions, 181–82
charts about, 270–71
computers and, 21, 174–76, 177–79, 186, 188
creativity and, 20, 21, 179–80
current system of, 20–21
as decentralized, 21
division of labor and, 179
dropouts from, 178
exponential technologies and, 56, 301
freedom/democracy and, 188, 205
“grandmother method” and, 175
health/health care and, 188, 204
history of, 179
hole-in-the-wall, 174–77
ICT and, 81
infrastructure for, 182
Khan tutorials and, 184–86
and mastery-based learning, 186
miniaturization and, 151
“minimally invasive,” 176
personalized, 11, 21, 66, 186–88
population and, 275
population of primary school age children and, 270
possibility of abundance and, 11
and primary school enrollment ratio and GDP per capita, 271
progress and, 44
pyramid of abundance and, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20–21, 245
reform of, 179–80
rising billion and, 204
self-directed, 174–75
short-comings of, 179–81
teacher shortage and, 176, 182
technophilanthropy and, 138, 139
tests as measures for progress in, 186–87
tools of cooperation and, 81
“twenty-first-century,” 181–82
video games and, 182–84
of women, 188
See also teachers
Education Department, U.S., 184
Education and Global Development Advisory Group, X PRIZE Foundation, 138
eGroups, 66
Egypt, 212
Ehrlich, Paul R., 7
EI Solutions, 158
elections of 2008, 24
The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test (Wolfe), 119
electricity
access to, 275
definition of poverty and, 13
energy poverty and, 155, 156, 157–58
Generation IV technologies and, 168
Hall-Heroult process and, 4
in India, Vietnam, and Tanzania, 275
Kamen research and, 89
Myhrvold research and, 196
possibility of abundance and, 10
sanitation and, 97
storage of, 165
in urban and rural areas, 275
vertical farming and, 108
See also light/lighting
Electronics Arts, 165
11th Hour Project, 222
Ellison, Larry, 139
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 119
empowerment
freedom and, 205–13
ICT and, 206, 210, 211–12, 213
of youth, 210
Endy, Drew, 127–28
energy
artificial intelligence and, 65
balkanization in, 170
carbon emissions and, 167–69, 172, 270
charts about, 262–70
deaths by, 265
demand (uses) of, 262
dematerialization and, 152
distribution of, 169–71
DIY and, 127
environment and, 19, 150, 161, 165, 169
exponential technologies and, 56
“firming”/“time shifting,” 164
food and agriculture and, 101, 109, 161, 255, 256
freedom and, 206
as game changer, 18–20
health/health care and, 155, 156, 196
history of, 155
as important lynchpin for abundance, 155
industry and, 262
infrastructure for, 157
interdependencies of, 155
Internet impact on, 62–63
meaning of abundance of, 171–73
nanotechnology and, 72
networks and sensors for, 169–71
“perfect power” and, 171
population and, 275
possibility of abundance and, 11
poverty of, 155–58
pyramid of abundance and, 14, 18–20, 245
“rising billion”/poor and, 155, 167, 204
squanderable abundance of, 172
storage of, 164–66, 170–71, 172, 265, 266
synthetic life and, 161–64
technophilanthropy and, 139
waste recycling and, 109
water and, 19, 87, 91, 95, 155, 172
See also type of energy
Energy Department, U.S. (DOE), 59–60, 160, 161–62, 163
energy grid, 164, 165–66, 170, 172
Energy Innovations (EI), 158
Enernet, 170
Engines of Creation (Drexler), 71
England. See Great Britain
Enlightenment, 148
Enough is Enough Nigeria, 206
Enterprise Community Partners, 130–31
Entrepreneurship Center, MIT, 190, 234
environment
agriculture and, 109
benefits of technology and, 304
education and, 188
evolution of technology and, 304
GE foods and, 103
innovation and, 39–40
pessimism and, 39–40
pyramid of abundance and, 16, 17, 19
See also climate; global warming
Environmental Protective Agency (EPA), 98
Estonia, 286
ethanol, 161
Ethernet, 170
Ethos Water, 85–86
European Union, 82
EvidenceForAbundance.com, 241
evolution
biological, 77–79
continuation of, 303–4
cultural, 78
of great ideas, 227–29
life span and, 189
evolutionary psychology, 38, 39
exchange
progress and, 44–46
pyramid of abundance and, 18
experts, 233
exponential curves
exponential technologies
benefits of, 302–3
cooperation and, 77–84
dangers of, 293–304
definition of exponential and, 53
as force for abundance, 144
global and exponential perspectives and, 34–35, 36–37
“good old days” reaction to, 302–3
limiting of development of, 303–4
limits of, 77
pervasiveness of, 56
regulation of, 295–96
as unstoppable, 303–4
See also specific technology
Exxon Valdez oil spill, 222
Facebook, 36, 81, 130, 206, 209, 210, 212, 241, 296, 298
getting comfortable with, 233, 234–35
upside of, 229–31
Fairchild Semiconductor, 53
False Alarm (Siegel), 33
family planning programs, 17, 92
famine: predictions about, 40
farmers/farming
BoP markets and, 146
dangers of exponential technologies and, 300
fertility rates and, 92
fish, 111
industrialization of, 100, 101
loss of jobs in, 300
rice, 111
vertical, 105–9, 114, 115, 255, 256
See also agriculture
Fast Company magazine, 130, 186, 224
fat insulin receptor gene, 202
fear
of failure, 234
as motivator that drives innovation, 217–18
and worst-case fear scenarios, 33
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 231
Fedoroff, Nina, 7–8
Felsenstein, Lee, 121
fertilizers, 101
fish/fishing, 101, 110–11, 146, 257
Fisher, Martin, 130
Fisher, Susan, 304
5x5x5 Rapid Innovation Method, 234–35
Flat World, Friedman’s, 15, 80
Flying Eye Hospital, 197
food
American spending for, 238
biotechnology and, 102–4
BoP market and, 146
charts about, 251–57
cost of, 108
dangers of exponential technologies and, 297, 301–2
distribution of, 100–101, 104–5, 109
global warming and, 100
health/health care and, 103, 104, 189, 196, 255
and impact of human consumption on planet, 115
life span and, 189
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and, 14
nanotechnology and, 72
petroleum and, 100–101, 102, 103
population and, 115
possibility of abundance and, 11
protein in, 109–12
pyramid of abundance and, 14, 15, 19, 245
“rising billion” and, 204
spending for, 253
U.S. imports of, 108
Venter’s experiments with, 61
See also agriculture; hunger; type of food
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), UN, 106, 301
foreign/international relations, 211–12
foreign policy, U.S., 210
Forrester, Jay, 7
The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid (Hart and Prahalad), 141–42
Foundation Giving, 139
Fox, Dale, 194–95
free press, 147
freedom
benefits of technology and, 304
dangers of exponential technologies and, 297
definition of, 205
education and, 188
empowerment and, 205–13
evolution of technology and, 304
Internet and, 206, 207, 208, 210
population trends and, 272
pyramid of abundance and, 14, 22, 24–25, 87, 205, 245
technology and, 24
water and, 87
Freire, Paulo, 21
fuel
alternative, 64
pollution from, 260
See also type of fuel
future
Gagarin, Yuri, 124
Gallo, David, 221–22
Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index, 237
games
education and, 182–84
See also video games
Gartner Hype Curve, 292
Gates, Bill, 10, 17, 134, 137, 139, 165, 169, 186, 204
Gates Foundation, 97–98, 104, 178
generation gap, 208
genetic engineering: dangers of, 293, 294–95
genetics
agriculture and, 102–4, 109, 113–15
DIY and, 127–28
health care and, 201–3
See also DNA; genetic engineering; GEs/GMO; RNA
genocide, 44
genome sequencing, 202–3, 224, 225
geothermal energy, 157, 172, 269
German Aerospace Center, 157
GEs/GMO (genetically modified crops), 102–4, 109, 113–15
Gianopulos, Jim, 132
Gilovich, Thomas, 31
“Giving Pledge,” 139
Gleick, Peter, 16
The Global Achievement Gap (Wagner), 178
global and exponential perspectives, 34–35, 36–37
Global Positioning Systems (GPS), 63–64, 96, 150, 196, 211
Global Water Trust, 90
Global Wealth Report, 138
GMO (genetically modified organism) crops. See GEs/GMO (genetically modified crops)
Goetz, Thomas, 203
Goldcorp, 81–82
“good old days” reaction, 302–3
Goodman, Marc, 298–300
goods: rival and nonrival, 151–52
artificial intelligence and, 65
bioterrorism/pandemic warnings on, 296
DIY innovators and, 129
Hassan and, 66
incentive prizes and, 224
as included in human brain, 55–56
individual empowerment and, 211, 212
Khan Academy and, 185
KPCB and, 165
PV panels at, 158
Singularity University founding conference and, 73
YouTube acquisition by, 35
“The Gospel of Wealth” (Carnegie), 134
Grameen Bank, 136
“grandmother method,” 175
Great Britain, 41, 101, 148–49, 190, 221, 222, 273, 287, 304
Greece, 273
greed, 218
Green, Michael, 136
Green Revolution, 48, 101, 106, 150, 164
Greiner, Helen, 68
Gross, Bill, 158
Growing Power, 111
Habermas, Jurgen, 24
“hacker ethic,” 121
Halcyon Molecular, 202
Hall, Charles Martin, 4
Hall-Héroult process, 4
halo effect, 231–32
Hamel, Gary, 140
happiness, 237–39
Harington, John, 97
Hariri, Robert, 199–201
Harrison, John, 222
Hart, Stuart, 140–41, 142, 143, 150, 152
haruspex, 51
Harvard Medical School
education at, 191
obesity studies at, 202
Hassan, Scott, 66–67
Hawley, Alan, 218
health/health care
access to, 238
age of abundance in, 203–4
American spending for, 238
artificial intelligence and, 65, 66, 71
BoP markets and, 146
charts about, 258–61
computers and, 192–93, 195–96, 201–2
cost of, 199
cyber crime and, 298
dangers of exponential technologies and, 294–97, 298, 301
data about, 71
“death panels” and, 30
dematerialization and, 151
doctors’ knowledge and, 191–92
food and agriculture and, 103, 104, 189, 196, 255
freedom and, 205
incentive prizes and, 225
infrastructure for, 204
Lab-on-a-Chip and, 70–71
limits of being human and, 190–92
MacGyver triad and, 193, 194–96
medical education and, 190–91
miniaturization and, 151
Obama proposals for, 30
personalized, 23–24, 66, 71, 193, 201–3
pollution and, 260
possibility of abundance and, 11
preventable errors in, 191–92
protein and, 109–12
pyramid of abundance and, 14, 22–24, 245
Ridley study of trends in, 40
“rising billion” and, 195
shortages of doctors and nurses in, 70, 71, 192
Singularity University program in, 57–58
stem cells and, 199–201
surgery and, 196–98
technophilanthropy and, 138, 139
transplants and, 201
water and, 17, 87, 92, 196, 249, 259, 260
zero-cost diagnostics and, 193, 194–96
See also bioterrorism; disease; infections; life expectancy/span
Heath, Chip, 224
Heath, Dan, 224
herbicides, 101, 103, 104, 107
Heritage Foundation, 180
Héroult, Paul, 4
heuristics, 29–30
Hewlett-Packard, 96
Hezbollah, 211
“Hierarchy of Human Needs,” Maslow’s, 14, 245
hierarchy, learning, 20
Hindustan Unilever, 143
Hitler, Adolph, 51
hole-in-the-wall education, 174–77
“hole we’re in is too deep to climb out of” hypothesis, 30, 33, 37, 42, 48, 73
Homebrew Computer Club, 121–22, 177
homicide, 44
Honda, 143
housing
affordable, 130–31
dangers of exponential technologies and, 302
freedom and, 205
possibility of abundance and, 11
rival and nonrival goods for, 151
social entrepreneurship and, 130–31
3-D printing and, 69
See also shelter
Housing and Urban Development Department, U.S. (HUD), 131
Huawei corporation, 83–84
Huffington, Arianna, 230
Human Genome Project, 59–60, 128
human-machine interfaces: as transformation technology, 10
human rights, 25, 44, 205, 206, 213, 239
humans/humanity
and limits of being human, 190–92
as merging with technology, 303
hunger, 13, 16, 17, 25, 31, 105, 254
See also agriculture; food
Hurricane Katrina, 93
hydration: need for water and, 86
hydroelectric energy, 157
hydrophobic sand, 94
hydroponics, 105–8
“hype cycle,” 35
hyperagents, 137
I, Robot (movie), 66
IBM, 65, 94, 95, 159, 170, 192, 193
iBot, 88
Ibrahim, Mo, 139
Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership, 139
Idealab, 158
Illumina, 202
“illusion of validity,” 28–29
immune system, psychological, 31
“impact investing,” 136
in-group bias, 37
In the Plex (Page), 55
In Vitro Meat Consortium, 112
incentive prizes, 218–20, 221–24, 225, 226, 239
India
Android technology in, 84
BoP market in, 143
cars in, 143
cell phones in, 145
denim manufacturing in, 141
health/health care in, 143, 204, 275
high-net-worth individuals in, 287
population of Africa and, 273
rich-poor gap in, 42
unemployment in, 301
industrialized nations. See developed countries
industry. See business/industry
infections
child mortality and, 259
energy and, 19
life expectancy and, 190
as nutrition-related disease, 255
pessimism and, 33
pollution and, 260
pyramid of abundance and, 16, 19, 22–23
respiratory, 19, 22–23, 41, 156, 190, 255, 260
zero-cost diagnostics and, 196
information
access to, 238
brain’s role in processing, 32–35, 191
as change agent, 24–25
as commodity, 46
dematerialization and, 152
exponential technologies and, 54
free, 121
free press and, 147
as key to environmental challenge, 150
open-source, 128
pyramid of abundance and, 14, 18, 21–22
Rosling study and, 46–48
speed of, 79
See also data; information and communications technologies
information and communications technologies (ICTs)
accountability and, 81
Android, 83–84
charts about, 280–87
cooperation and, 79–81, 83–84, 213
cost of, 84
dangers of, 298
democracy and, 81
empowerment and, 206, 210, 211–12, 213
exponential expansion of, 186
international relations and, 211–12
life span and, 190
as neutral tool, 213
possibility of abundance and, 9–10
pyramid of abundance and, 14, 18, 21–22, 245
replication and, 81
scale and, 81
social entrepreneurship and, 129–30
InfoSpace, 138
infrastructure: water and, 91
Ingraham, Paul, 78
innovation
age and, 233
in cities, 149
environmentalism and, 39–40
as evolutionary phenomenon, 304
fear and, 217–18, 230, 234, 235
first impressions and, 232
games and, 183
incentive prizes as driver of, 218–20, 221–24, 225, 226, 239
as key to abundance, 229
motivators that drive, 217–26
population and, 149
progress and, 45
risk/failure and, 222–23, 225, 227–35
small groups as driver of, 223–24, 235
specialization and, 45
supercredibility line and, 231–32
“Think Different” and, 232–33
as unstoppable, 304
water and, 87–88
See also creativity
Institute for Food and Development Policy/Food First, 105
integrated circuits on computer chip, 53
Intelius, 138
Intellectual Ventures, 167
intelligence, distributed, 171
International Development Cooperation Agency, Swedish, 25
International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competition, 128, 129, 294
International Space Station, 69
Internet
addition of people to, 149
backbone of, 62
cooperation and, 82
creation of, 61–62
education and, 20–21, 174, 175, 176, 177, 182
Egyptian government shutdown of, 212
exponential technologies and, 54, 298, 302
freedom and, 206, 207, 208, 210, 212
as human right, 206
impact of, 62
integration of networks and, 170
IP addresses and, 63
“matching” of, 82
and networks and sensors as “Internet of things,” 62–63
police force for, 299–300
possibility of abundance and, 9, 10
as recruiting tool, 211
social entrepreneurship and, 129–30
storage on, 171
technophilanthropy and, 138
top ten moments on, 24
and total international bandwidth, 284
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), 62
Intuit, 234
Intuitive Surgical, 197
iPad, 290
iPhones, 54, 65, 146, 230, 290
Ipsen, Laura, 171
Ireland, 96
Islamoff, Jacob, 219
Ismail, Salim, 84
Israel, 304
Israeli Defense Forces: Kahneman’s study for, 28
iTunes, 152
J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI), 59
Jain, Naveen, 138
James S. McDonnell Planetarium, 125, 219
Japan, 101, 108, 143, 273, 287
Jennings, Ken, 192
Jeopardy! (TV show), 192
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA, 227, 228, 229
jobs
dangers of exponential technologies and, 300–303
dematerialization and demonetization and, 152
education and, 20
energy and, 19
not needing, 301–2
Johnson & Johnson, 204
Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, 163–64
Joy, Bill, 83, 150, 151, 165, 166, 293, 302, 303
Joyce, James, 60
JPMorganChase, 130
Junior (AI car), 63–64
Kahneman, Daniel, 27–28, 29–30, 31, 38, 237, 238
Kamen, Dean, 8–9, 46, 86, 88–91, 92, 205–6
Kauffman, Stuart, 236
Kay, Alan, 226
KAZI 560 job placement service, 21
Keillor, Garrison, 31
Keith, David, 173
Kelly, Kevin, 35, 52–53, 120–21, 122, 237
Kennedy, John F., 160, 217–18, 233
Kenya
agriculture in, 114
banking in, 145–46
energy in, 155–57
health in, 156
human rights in, 206
ICT impact on, 25
jobs in, 21
mobile phones in, 21
smart phones in, 83–84
social entrepreneurship and, 130
Khan, Osman Ali “Asaf Jah VII,” 134–35
Khoshnevis, Behrokh, 69
Khosla, Vinod, 169
KickStart, 130
kidney transplants, 201
King, Alexander, 7
King, Martin Luther Jr., 6–7, 233
Kisumu: water in, 247
Kiva website, 130
Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers (KPCB), 165
Knight, Tom, 128
“knowledge scarcity,” 82–83
“knowledge workers,” 151–52
Kon-Tiki raft, Heyerdahl sailing of, 41, 45
Kramer, Rob, 90
Kumata, Ellen, 181
Kurzweil, Ray, 51–52, 54–56, 57, 65, 72
Kurzweil Computer Products, 193
Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC), 23, 70–71, 195–96, 296
Land Institute, 103
laser range finders, 199
Latin America, 47, 254, 274, 279, 287
See also specific nation
law enforcement, 299–300
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), 97, 163
learning
exchange as, 44
hierarchy of, 20
See also education
Lee, Ivy, 133
Lee, Stan, 297
LEGO Mindstorms robot, 125
Lemelson-MIT Prize, 52
Levy, Steven, 55
life
creation of multicellular, 78
synthetic, 60
life expectancy/span, 17, 33, 40, 42, 43, 44, 189–90, 225, 238, 261
Life Technologies, 202
LifeBank/Anthrogenesis, 200
Lifesaver bottles, 93–94
light/lighting
cost of, 41
Edison invention of lightbulb and, 230
food and, 256
photosynthetic optimization and, 109
time and, 41
triboluminescence of, 194
vertical farming and, 108, 109
Lillywhite, Bryant, 148–49
The Limits to Growth (Club of Rome), 7
Lincoln, Abraham, 79
Lindbergh, Charles A., 219–20, 221, 231
Lindbergh, Erik, 231
Lindbergh, Morgan, 231
linear perspective. See local and linear perspectives
Linux, 81–82
Lipson, Hod, 69
liquid metal batteries (LMB), 165–66, 266
lithium-ion batteries, 164–65, 166
lives, saved, 40–44
livestock
consumption of products of, 252, 253
See also meat
local and linear perspectives, 34–35, 36–37, 48, 53, 69, 134, 291, 292
Lockheed Martin, 225
London Coffee Houses (Lillywhite), 148
London School of Business and Finance: cell phone-poverty study at, 142
Long Now Foundation, 104
Los Altos School District (California), 185–86
loss aversion, 38–39
Lovelock, James, 167
LS9 Corporation, 163
Lunar Lander X Challenge, 223–24
M-PESA, 145–46
MacArthur (John D. and Catherine T.) Foundation, 111, 187
Mackinac Center for Public Policy, 180
Made in Space, 69
Made to Stick (Heath and Heath), 224
make-more-pies approach, 9–11, 239
Maker Movement, 125–27
MAKO surgical robot, 197
Malawi, 40
Malthus, Thomas Robert, 6
Malthusians, 92
mammography, 194–95
Mao Tse-tung, 48
Marine Institute for the Smart Bay, 96
market diversification, 147
MarketShare, 148
Markoff, John, 122
Mars: space travel to, 124, 172, 227–29
Martinez, John, 186
Maryland Department of Diagnostic Radiology, 193
Maryniak, Gregg, 125, 218, 219, 220
Masdar, Abu Dhabi (planned city), 4–6
Massachusetts General Hospital, 190–91
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
bioterrorism research at, 297
education survey by, 180
Singularity University compared with, 57
Matheny, Jason, 112
Matternet, 126–27
Mayo Clinic, 71
McCall, Jeremiah, 183–84
McDevitt, John T., 23
McEwen, Rob, 81–82
mChip, 196
MCI, 62
McKibben, Bill, 167
meat
as protein, 109–10
trends in consumption of, 252
Medco, 224
media: optimism-pessimism and, 33, 34, 36
medical education, 190–91
medical technology, miniaturization of, 88
medicine. See disease; doctors; drugs; health/health care
Mendel, Gregor, 103
metatechnologies, 95
Mexico, 161, 204, 206, 273, 278
microcredit, 147
microfinance, 10, 43, 91, 130, 136
See also Gates, Bill
microtasking, 147
Miell, Doug, 96
Miguel, Edward, 87
military, U.S.
robo cars and, 64
milk, consumption of, 252
Millennium Development Goal (MDG), 155, 252
A Million voices Against FARC, 209–10
Mills, Arvind, 141
mind-set
importance of, 232
Shiv’s views about, 229–30, 234
miniaturization, 150–51
Mitra, Sugata, 174–76, 177, 187
mobile devices, 9, 145–46, 148, 196, 202, 204, 206, 283, 284, 285
See also cell phones; iPhones; smart phones
Modzelewski, Mark, 95
Mohr, Catherine, 197–98
money
dangers of exponential technologies and, 302
failure and, 234
freedom and, 206
happiness and, 237–39
possibility of abundance and, 10
See also poverty/poor; rich-poor gap; wealth
Monitor Group, 136
Monsanto, 104
Moon, Nick, 130
Moon
energy and, 172
incentive prizes concerned with, 223–24
Kennedy speech about landing man on, 160
predictions about traveling to, 52–53
Moore, Fred, 121–22
Moore, Gordon, 53
Moore’s law, 53, 55, 80, 88, 144, 193, 280, 281
Morales, Oscar, 209–10
Morgan, J. P., 130
Morocco, 17
Morozov, Evgeny, 212
Moskovitz, Dustin, 139
motorcycles, 143
Mubarak, Hosni, 212
Nairobi, 247
Namibia, 206
Nano (car), 143
nanocomposites, 72
NanoH2O, 95
nanomaterials, 57–58, 71–72, 94
nanoscience, 72
nanotechnology, 10, 57–58, 71–72, 93–95, 150, 152, 293, 294
Napoleon I, 221
Napoléon III, 4
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), 123
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 57, 63, 73, 106, 112, 123, 124, 125, 220, 223–24, 228
National Center for Health Statistics, 198
National Council of Applied Economic Research, India, 42
National Governors Association, 181
National Institutes of Health (NIH), 59–60
National Inventors Hall of Fame, 52
National Medal of Technology, 52, 88
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 111
National Robotics Initiative (NRI), 67–68
National Science Foundation, 72, 94
natural gas, 41, 161, 172, 262, 263
Nature Conservancy, 95–96
Navigenics, 202
Navy, U.S., 163
Nazis: eugenics program of, 8
Near East, 254
Maslow’s hierarchy of human, 14, 245
See also basic needs; pyramid of abundance; specific need
Negroponte, Nicholas, 21, 177–79, 186
Nelson, Ted, 122
Nepal, 273
The Net Delusion (Morozov), 212
networks
definition of, 62
energy and, 169–71
as “Internet of things,” 62–63
Moore’s views about, 121
Singularity University programs and, 57–58
as transformation technology, 10, 61–63
neuroeconomics, 229–30
neurology: cognitive biases and, 29
neuroprosthetics, 55
Nevada: robo cars in, 64
New Energy Technologies, 159–60
New Harvest, 112
New York City: food production in, 107, 108
New York Times, 30, 34, 127, 128, 138, 147, 237
New Zealand, 273
Newkirk, Ingrid, 113
Newton (Apple PDA), 230
Newton, Isaac, 44
Niger, 21–22
Nigeria, 18–19, 22, 43, 147, 157, 204, 206
NIIT Technologies, 174
Njima, Mercy, 155–56
No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act (2001), 180
Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny (Wright), 78
Northwestern University: “Smart Pipe” project at, 96
Norway, 273
Novagratz, Jacqueline, 136
Nuance Communications, 193
nuclear power, 167–69, 262, 263, 265
Nungesser, Charles, 219
nursing homes: robots as nurses in, 198
Nyong’o, Isis, 22
Obama, Barack, 30, 67, 79, 80, 167, 184, 210
obesity, 202
ocean thermal energy, 269
oceans
biofuels and, 162
pollution of, 101
as secret to future, 99
Oersted, Hans Christian, 4
oil
alternatives to, 161
deaths by, 265
DIY and, 128
food production and distribution systems and, 101
limits of growth and, 7
Masdar as post-petroleum city and, 5, 6
in Nigeria, 157
power of, 41
resource curse of, 147
spills, 128
storage of, 164
See also petroleum
Oldfield, John, 17
Omidyar, Pam, 10
One Laptop Per Child (OLPC), 21, 178–79
One Planet Living (OPL), 5–6, 8, 150
open-source design, 126
Oppenheimer, Robert, 60
See also pessimism
ORBIS International, 197
Orteig, Raymond, 218–19, 220, 221
Orteig Prize, 218–20
Osborne, Adam, 121
Osborne Executive Portable computer, 53–54, 290
Out of Our Minds (Robinson), 179
P4 (predictive, personalized, preventive, participatory) health care, 201–3
Page, Larry, 8–9, 55–56, 66, 73, 231
Pajama Sam (video game), 182
Pakistan, 206
pale blue dot, Earth as, 98–99
Palin, Sarah, 30
pandemics, 23, 26, 70, 71, 110, 113, 135, 137, 190, 196, 295, 296
paper napkins: MacGyver triad and, 193
Papua New Guinea, 273
Pathfinder (spacecraft), 227–29
pathogen-monitoring systems, 297
PayPal, 132
peace
nanotechnology and, 72
progress and, 48
Pearson, Scott, 184
Peccei, Aurelio, 7
peer-to-peer tutoring, 187
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), 112, 113
Personal Data Protection and Breach Accountability Act, 299
personal technology. See Do-It-Yourself (DIY) innovators
Peru, 273
pesticides, 101, 104, 107, 109
petroleum
food production and distribution systems and, 100–101, 102, 103
storage of, 165
transportation use of, 161
U.S. demand for, 262
See also oil
Philanthrocapitalism (Bishop and Green), 136
philanthropy
charts about, 287–88
See also technophilanthropy
physical needs. See specific need
physiological needs: pyramid of abundance and, 14, 15–18
Piaget, Jean, 177
Pinker, Steven, 43–44
Plantagon (Sweden), 108
Pliny the Elder, 3
Pokémon (game), 183
Polaris Venture Partners, 170
political liberty/freedom, 24, 43, 205, 206, 238
Pollan, Michael, 104
pollution, 39–40, 152, 156, 172, 190, 260
See also type of pollution
Pony Express, 79
population
charts about, 273–79
consumption and, 43
education and, 275
energy and, 275
food and agriculture and, 106, 115
Internet of things and, 63
Internet users and, 282
limits of growth and, 6–8
mortality and, 276
predictions about, 40
progress and, 43
pyramid of abundance and, 16–17, 20
rate of technological growth/innovation and, 92, 245
regional change in, 279
water/sanitation and, 16–17, 87, 91, 275
and world urbanization prospects, 274
The Population Bomb (Ehrlich), 7
portable infusion pump, 88
positive thinking: need for conversion to, 39
poverty/poor
benefits of technology and, 304
DALYs and, 259
definition of, 12–13
dematerialization and, 152
education and, 174–76, 177, 188, 271
as emerging market force, 10–11
energy and, 155
evolution of technology and, 304
feeding the, 100–115
fertility rates and, 92
gender and, 188
health and, 259
housing for, 130–31
ICTs and, 25
life span and, 190
mobile banking and, 145–46
possibility of abundance and, 10–11
progress and, 42
rich-poor gap and, 42–43
social entrepreneurship and, 130
See also rich-poor gap; “rising billion”
poverty traps, 147
Prahalad, Coimbatore Krishnarao “C.K.,” 140, 141–42, 195
predictions
and creation of yourself as way to predict future, 226
about exponential technological, 51, 55
about famine, 40
of Kurzweil, 55
about population, 40
about technological trends, 51, 55
prefrontal cortex, 34
Prescription for the Planet (Blees), 168
PricewaterhouseCoopers, 23
Primus Power, 165
Pritchard, Michael, 93–94
privacy: dangers of exponential technologies and, 297
problem-solving skills: video games and, 182–84
Procter & Gamble, 163
productivity, 67, 115, 144–45, 147, 301
progress
cumulative, 44–46
exchange and, 44–46
rate of, 48
Rosling study and, 48
specialization and, 44–46
understanding of exponential rate of, 48
Progressive Insurance Company, 224
Prohibition, 295–96
Project Masiluleke, 204
Prometheus Institute for Sustainable Development, 172
proprietary systems, 67
prosthetic limbs, 68–69, 88, 303
protein, 109–12
Proteus spaceship, 124
psychological immune system, 31
push-pull system, 114
PV (photovoltaic panels) cells, 158–60, 164, 266, 267
pyramid of abundance
basic survival and, 15–18
chart for, 245
levels in, 14
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and, 14, 245
pursuit of catallaxy and, 18–20
See also specific need or level
Pythagorean theorem, 151
Qualcomm, 196
quality of life, 13, 40–44, 190, 206
Quantified Self, 203
Quest2Learn, 184
questions: asking the right, 181–82
Quirk, Patrick, 25
RadioShack, 127
Ramakrishna, Sri, 230–31
Rand, Stephen, 160
RAND Corporation, 191
Rapid Innovation Method, 234
The Rational Optimist (Ridley), 18, 40, 44
Rayport, Jeffrey, 148
reality
abundance as perspective shaping, 239
cognitive biases and, 29–31, 37
dangers of exponential technologies and, 298–99
Kahneman’s studies about, 27–28
prevalence of pessimism and, 38–39
role of brain in perceiving, 27, 29–31, 32–34, 37
Rees, Martin, 295
regulation: of exponential technologies, 295–96
relationships
Dunbar’s number and, 36
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and, 14
remote sensing technology, 96
renewable energy, 127, 152, 157, 158, 167, 262, 263, 269
Republicans: health care reform and, 30
resource curse, 146–48