`Index`

absenteeism, monitoring, 192–93
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), 53
academic literature, 17–19. See also research
accredited professionals (APs), 169–170
ACGIH, 110–11
acoustics / noise, 110–13, 224
ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion), 53
adoption curve, 219–228
air, 51
air conditioning, 96–97; effects of, 59–60; Legionnaires’ disease and, 10–13; personal exposure and, 52; refrigerants, 100. See also thermal health
air intakes, 49
air movement, 94, 99. See also thermal health
air pollution, 40, 99–100; buildings’ contributions to, 17; health risks of, 205; indoor sources of, 44; private sector and, 27; studies of, 202, 205. See also climate change; contaminants; energy efficiency; fossil fuels; particulate matter (PM); PM_2.5
air pollution, indoor. See indoor air pollution
air pollution, outdoor. See outdoor air pollution
air quality, 91–94; monitoring, 236–37. See also carbon dioxide (CO₂); volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
air quality, indoor. See indoor air pollution; indoor air quality (IAQ)
air quality, outdoor. See outdoor air pollution; outdoor air quality
airplanes, 58, 62
Allen, Joe, 18, 38; background of, 7–17
allergens: in dust, 108 (see also dust); dust mites, 107–8; mold, 106–7; mouse allergens, exposure to, 19
American Industrial Hygiene Association, 170
American Institute of Architects, 80
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), 60, 80, 94; design / construction and, 75; green building movement and, 149; indoor air quality standards, 60; Legionella risk management plan and, 102; thermal health and, 96, 98, 196; ventilation standards, 61, 79, 87
Anthropocene, 26
antimicrobials, 190–91
Antonovsky, Aaron, 27
Appalachian Mountain Club (AMC), 115
Apple, 226, 235, 236
asbestos, 139, 140
Ashford, Susan, 32
ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers). See American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
attack rate, 15
Ayoub, Ali, 211–12

Bad Blood (Carreyrou), 169
Barber, Felix, 175, 176, 183, 223
Bekö, Gabriel, 46
Bell’s palsy, 186
Benioff, Marc, 36
Benjamin Franklin, 56
benzene, 45
Bernstein, Ethan, 33
big data era, 34
Big Tobacco, 137
BIO program (Biophilic Interventions in Offices), 116–17
biodiversity, loss of, 25–26. See also climate change; resources
Biophilia (Wilson), 115, 116
biophilic design, 115–17
bisphenol A (BPA), 127–29, 138
bisphenol F (BPF), 127
bisphenol S (BPS), 127–29
BlackRock letter, 35–36, 200, 246
bodybuilding, 124
Boll, Rebecca, 35
Boston Properties, 248
bottom line, 66; ventilation and, 62–70. See also productivity
BPA (bisphenol A), 127–29, 138
BPF (bisphenol F), 127
BPS (bisphenol S), 127–29
Brandt, Kate, 30
Brenna, Terry, 91
Brin, Sergey, 29, 176
British Parliament, 22–23
BTEX chemicals, 45, 49–50
Building a Culture of Health program, 28
building codes, 75, 76, 77, 149
building engineers, importance of to health, 14
building materials, 224; Chinese Drywall, 188–89; selection of and reducing toxic load, 190–91; transparency about, 144–46
Building Owners and Managers Association International, 41
building science: new technology and, 34–35; relation with business science, ix; relation with health science, ix, 14
building stock, established, 218–19; renovations of, 231
buildingomics, 85
buildings: centrality of, vii; changing, 20, 30–32 (see also mega-changes, global); contribution to air pollution, 17; cost of, 72; decision-making process around (see incentives; incumbents; inertia; information); defining health worthiness of, vii–viii; depletion of resources and, 25–26; Google and, 29–30; life span of, 230–31; as refuge, 211; usage types, 73. See also real estate
buildings, healthy. See Healthy Buildings
building-ventilation strategies. See ventilation
business: broader purpose of, 35–36, 200, 246; changing values and, 35–36 (see also environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues; mega-changes, global); focus on stakeholder value, 36; health promotion strategies, 27–30. See also private sector
business performance, Healthy Buildings and, 243–44
Business Roundtable, 36
business science: importance of, 14; relation with health science and building science, ix

C8, 130–32
C8 Science Panel, 131
cancer: PM and, 17; shift work and, 114
carbon dioxide (CO₂), 30, 57, 58. See also air pollution; air quality
carbon monoxide (CO), 40, 62
carbon neutral buildings, 215
Carreyrou, John, 169
Carrier, 207, 208, 226
Carrier, Willis, 59
cars, pollutants and, 30
Carson, Rachel, 25, 126
CBE Thermal Comfort Tool, 97
CBRE, 226
Cedeno Laurent, Jose Guillermo, 94, 185
Center for Active Design, 156
Center for the Built Environment at Berkeley, 97, 99
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 10, 156
certification fatigue, 153
certifications: benefits of, 148, 150; expertise and, 168–173; gaming system and, 155, 157; for green buildings (see green building certification; LEED certification); for Healthy Buildings (see Healthy Building certifications); importance of certifiers in, 149
Certified Industrial Hygienists (CIHs), 170–73, 186
changes, 22. See also mega-changes, global
chemicals, 123–146; bisphenol A (BPA), 127–29, 138; business impacts of, 138–140; chemicals of concern, 126; cost of legacy pollutants, 139; demand-side approach to, 143–46; flame retardants, 132–38; Forever Chemicals, 101, 129–132, 138, 139; hydrogen sulfide, 188, 189; Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act, 140; legal settlements and, 138; PBBs, 132–34, 139; PBDEs, 134–36; PCBs, 139; PFAS, 130–31; phthalates, 138, 142; regrettable substitutions, 126–132; reproductive health and, 125–26, 140; supply-side approach, 143; transparency and, 141–46; triclosan, 191; TSCA, 126, 140–41; water and stain repellents, 129–130. See also Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Chemours, 131. See also DuPont
Chicago Tribune, 137
China, stay indoors warnings in, 210–11
Chinese Drywall, 188–89
chlorine, 102–4
Christensen, Clayton, 219
Churchill, Winston, 22, 23–24
cigarettes, self-extinguishing, 137
CIHs (Certified Industrial Hygienists), 170–73, 186
circadian rhythms, 113, 115
cities, 5–6; changing, 20, 22, 24–26, 201, 241 (see also mega-changes, global); population in, 25; private investors and, 6
Clean Air Act, 39
clean energy future, 213–15
Clean Power Plan, 203
climate change, 20, 26, 213, 241; buildings and, 201 (see also energy efficiency); effects of, 26; fossil fuels and, 202–3; Healthy Building strategies and, 245–46; impact on real estate, 210–11; Paris Agreement, 100; resiliency and, 211–12; thermal comfort and, 99–100. See also air pollution; energy efficiency; environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues; fossil fuels; mega-changes, global
Climate Mobilization Act, 152
clockspeed, 230–31
Clockspeed (Fine), 230
CO (carbon monoxide), 40, 62
CO₂ (carbon dioxide), 30, 57, 58, 61, 62
CoBE (co-benefits of the built environment), 203–8
co-benefits of the built environment (CoBE), 203–8
COGfx Study, 56–59, 61, 251. See also cognitive function
cognitive function, 56, 65; hydration and, 101; measuring, 191; ventilation and, 56–59, 65–66. See also COGfx Study; productivity
comfort, 96. See also thermal health
commissioning, 90–91, 189–190
competitive advantage, 225–28
construction, new, 219, 231
construction industry, 3–4, 77; adoption of innovations in, 219; distribution of, 231; incumbents and, 73–76, 80; inertia in, 72–73, 76, 80; information and, 80; variation in, 217. See also real estate
Consumer Product Safety Commission, 188
consumers, demand for Healthy Buildings by, 246–250
contaminants: indoor levels of, 44–45. See also air pollution
Conway, Erik, 137
Cook, Tim, 235, 236
corporations: broader purpose of, 35–36, 200, 246. See also business; values
Corsi, Rich, 39, 46
costs, perceived, 79–80
costs, real, 79
creative workers: responsibility for health of, 32–33. See also employees
Crossing the Chasm (Moore), 219
Cuomo, Andrew, 214

Declare Label project, 142
Delos, 154
demographic growth, 218–19
Demokritou, Philip, 222
demolition debris, 26
Denmark Technical University, 46, 221
dermal absorption, 46–47
design, 75, 251
Deutsche Bank, 6
DeVos, Betsy, 18
“Dharavi: Developing Asia Largest Slum” (Macomber), 5
digital phenotyping, 192
disinfectant, residual, 102–4
Doerr, John, 176, 223
doubt, 137
Doubt Is Their Product (Michaels), 137
drinking water standards, 101. See also water
Drucker, Peter, 175
Drywall, Chinese, 188–89
DuPont, 130–31, 138
dust, 43, 51, 107–10. See also PM_2.5
Dust (Lioy), 109
dust masks, 44
dust mites, 107–8
Dyson, 108–9, 227

early adopters, 223–24, 238
Eccles, Robert, 35
Edison, Thomas, 113
Ehrenberg, Maureen, 249
embodied carbon, 215, 246
Empire State Building, 77–78
employee experience, 192. See also measurement; productivity
employees: cost of, 41; demand for Healthy Buildings, 249; health of, research on, 221. See also human resources; productivity
endocrine-disrupting chemicals, 125
energy, renewable, 213–14
energy crisis, ventilation and, 31
energy efficiency, 63, 67; commissioning and, 190; emissions averted by, 204; energy-versus-health tradeoff, 60–62, 208–10; health co-benefits and, 201, 203–8; Healthy Buildings and, 208–10; money saved by, 203–4; productivity and, 63. See also air pollution; climate change; environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues; fossil fuels
Energy Information Administration, 204, 205
energy modeling, 41
energy-efficiency finance, 78–79
energy-recovery ventilation (ERV), 209
energy-versus-health tradeoff, 60–62, 208–10
Enterprise Security Risk Management (ESRM), 119–121
environment, impact of human activity on, 26. See also climate change; resources
environment, indoor. See indoor environment
environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues, 35, 36, 200, 201, 245, 246. See also climate change; energy efficiency; health co-benefits; values
Environmental Health & Engineering, 12, 188
environmental media, 51. See also air pollution; dust; water
environmental monitoring, 193–99
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 44, 51, 105, 140; chemicals banned by, 123; creation of, 126, 221
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). See Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
equal-energy rule, 111
ERV (energy-recovery ventilation), 209
ESG (environmental, social, and governance) issues. See environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues
ESRM (Enterprise Security Risk Management), 119–121
exchange rate, 111
Exploring the Dangerous Trades (Hamilton), 221
exposure, personal, 52
exposure pathways, 100
exposure-related disease, 50–53

face-to-face interaction, 187
facilities managers, importance of to health, 14
Fanger, Ole, 221
Farmer, Delphine, 46
fecal contamination of water, 101
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 211
Fedrizzi, Rick, 149, 155
females, thermal comfort and, 98
fight or flight response, 118–19
filtration, 43, 53; carbon-based filters, 93; HEPA filters, 89–90, 110; MERV filters, 89, 93, 195. See also MERV (Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value)
Fine, Charles, 230
fine particles, 89. See also particulate matter (PM); PM_2.5
Fisk, Bill, 121, 221
Fitwel certification, 156–58, 170, 225
flame retardants, 132–38
Flint, Michigan, 47, 104
flood risk, 211–12
Forever Chemicals, 101, 129–132, 138, 139. See also chemicals
formaldehyde, 45, 91, 92, 222
fossil fuels, 26, 201; climate change and, 202–3; decreasing reliance on, 214; health and, 202, 206; on-site combustion of, 214. See also air pollution; climate change; energy efficiency; resources
Foster, Norman, 166, 223–24, 226
Foundations. See 9 Foundations of a Healthy Building
425 Park Avenue, 165–68, 225, 226, 247
Franklin, Benjamin, 56
freelance economy, responsibility for health and, 32–33
fresh air, 31. See also indoor air quality (IAQ); ventilation

gain sharing, 70
Gawande, Atul, 235
gender, thermal health and, 97–98
General Services Administration, 156
GenX, 132
geography, 72
GeoPhy, 211–12, 237
gig economy, 32. See also work environments
Glassdoor, 234, 249
Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmark (GRESB), 151
global warming. See climate change
goals: conflicting, 16. See also split incentives
Google, 29–30, 144, 176, 218; Real Estate and Workplace Services, 30; Sidewalk Labs project, 233
government, mega-changes and, 26–27
government buildings, 73
Grady Hospital, 10–14
granite countertops, 51–52
green building certification, 148, 149–153. See also certifications; Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED); LEED certification
Green Building Council, US (USGBC), 80, 149, 150, 154, 155
Green building indexes, 237
green building movement, 36, 148, 149–153; early adopters, 223; health co-benefits of, 206–7; transition to Healthy Building movement, viii, ix. See also Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
green buildings, relation with Healthy Buildings, 54, 208–10
Green Revolving Fund, 78
Greenbuild, 154
GRESB, 237
Gutter, Rachel, 155

Half-Earth (Wilson), 25, 216
Hamilton, Alice, 221
Harriman, Lew, 91
Harvard Business Review, 59, 175, 213
Harvard Business School (HBS), 4, 28, 224, 251; Business and Environment Initiative, 5
Harvard Graduate School of Design, 4, 29
Harvard Healthier Building Materials Academy, 144
Harvard Healthy Buildings, 207
Harvard Six Cities Study, 202, 205
Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 28, 29, 131, 193
Harvard University: Center for the Environment, 5, 26; Green Revolving Fund, 78; Hamilton, 221; Office for Sustainability, 144, 224; Smith Campus Center, 224
Hauser, Russ, 137
health, 56, 64; awareness of, 235; buildings’ influences on, 50; changing definition of, 20, 27–30 (see also mega-changes, global); economic incentive for, 27–30; energy efficiency and, 204–5; exposure-related disease, 50–53; fossil fuels and, 201, 202; measuring, 42 (see also Health Performance Indicators (HPIs); measurement); mobile / personalized, 192; PM_2.5 and, 17–18; prioritizing, 155; ventilation and, 64
Health and Human Services, Department of, 189
health care: companies moving into, 235, 236; economy and, 235–36; tied to employment, 28
health co-benefits: energy efficiency and, 201, 203–8; of Green Building Movement, 206–7. See also environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues
health impact of buildings, measuring. See Health Performance Indicators (HPIs); measurement
Health Performance Indicators (HPIs), 21, 183–199, 243, 250; direct and lagging HPIs, 185–86; direct and leading HPIs, 191–93; direct HPIs, 184; environmental monitoring, 193–99; HPI framework, 184–85; indirect and lagging HPIs, 187; indirect and leading HPIs, 189–191; indirect HPIs, 184, 194; lagging HPIs, 184; leading HPIs, 184; monitoring, 223; real-time measures of employee health and performance, 191–93. See also measurement
Health Product Declaration (HPD) Collaborative, 142
health promotion, 27–30
health science: relation with building science, ix, 14; relation with business science, ix
health worthiness, defining, vii–viii
health-care costs, 27–28
health-versus-energy tradeoff, 60–62, 208–10. See also split incentives
Healthy Building certifications, 148, 153–59, 220, 225, 228; CIHs and, 170–73; cost of, 159–168; expertise and, 168–173; Fitwel system, 156–58, 170, 225; 425 Park Avenue, 165–68; ideal protocol for, 173–74; motivation for, 154; RESET, 158; split incentives and, 165; WELL certification, 154–56, 158, 159, 167, 168, 170, 226. See also certifications
Healthy Building movement: adoption curve, 219–228; competitive advantage and, 225–28; current state of, 217–19; demographic growth and, 218–19; early adopters, 223–24, 238; established building stock and, 218–19; knowledge generators and, 220–23; need for holistic approach, 85 (see also 9 Foundations of a Healthy Building); new construction and, 219; transition to, viii, ix
Healthy Buildings, 54, 71–81; benefits of, 242–250; benefits of for investors, 6; business case for, 20–21; business performance and, 243–44; clean energy future and, 213–15; competitive advantage and, 248; demand for, 234, 246–250; dissemination of information and, 153–54; economic benefits of, 121; employee demand for, 246–250; future of, 238–39; as good business strategies, viii–ix, 241; incorporation of concept into educational programs, 28–29; obstacles to (see incentives; incumbents; inertia; information); relation with green buildings, 54, 208–10; science of, 7. See also indoor air quality; 9 Foundations of a Healthy Building
Healthy Parks, Healthy People program, 116
healthy real estate investing paradox, 6
Healthy Worker Effect, 180
hearing loss, 110–11. See also acoustics / noise
heat waves, indoor, 99, 101
Henriksen, Heather, 144, 224
HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filters, 89–90, 110
Heskett, James, 222
Hierarchy of Needs, 117
high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, 89–90, 110
Holdren, John, 26
Holmes, Elizabeth, 168–69
hormones, 127, 135–36, 138, 139. See also reproductive health
hospitals: Legionnaires’ disease and, 11, 15; safety and security issues in, 119–120; views in, 116
hoteling, 32, 33
hotels, Legionnaires’ disease and, 11
housing, public-private partnerships for, 5
How Google Works (Schmidt and Rosenberg), 29
Howard, John, 32
HPD (Health Product Declaration) Collaborative, 142
HPIs (Health Performance Indicators). See Health Performance Indicators (HPIs)
human capital, 55. See also employees; productivity
human resources, 40. See also employees
human right, healthy indoor air as, 219
humidity, relative, 94, 96–97. See also thermal health
hydration, 100–101
hydrofluorocarbons, 100
hydrogen sulfide, 188, 189
hypochlorite ion (OCL^-), 102
hypochlorous acid (HOCL), 102

IAQ (indoor air quality). See indoor air quality (IAQ)
IBM, 187
IEQ (indoor environmental quality), 47–48, 233. See also indoor air quality (IAQ)
Improving Your Business through a Culture of Health (course), 28
incentives, misaligned, 16, 78, 81. See also split incentives
incidental ingestion, 48
incumbents, 73–76, 80. See also American Institute of Architects; American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE); Green Building Council, US (USGBC)
independent contractors: responsibility for health of, 32–33. See also employees; work environments
India: executive education in real estate in, 4–5; infrastructure in, 5
indoor age, 38
indoor air: healthy, as fundamental human right, 219; mobilization around theme of, 153–54; research on, 221–22
Indoor Air (journal), 154
indoor air pollution, vii, 240–41; controlling, 93–94; controlling sources of, 91–92; indoor sources of, 44–48, 222. See also indoor air quality (IAQ)
indoor air quality (IAQ), vii, 47, 60; ASHRAE standards for, 60; buildup of pollutants indoors, 31; effects of, 6–7; green buildings and, 155; indoor CO₂ levels, 61; indoor sources of pollution and, 44–48; lack of focus on, 39–40; monitoring, 92–93, 193–99, 223; in schools, 61–62; variation in, 217. See also Healthy Buildings; indoor environmental quality (IEQ); sick buildings; ventilation
indoor environment, 39; breaking chain of exposure and risk, 50–51; effects of, viii; exposure to outdoor air pollution and, 42–44; focus on, 221; health impact of, 39; mitigating risks of exposure, 49–50; neighbors and, 48–49
indoor environmental quality (IEQ), 47–48; data on, 233. See also indoor air quality (IAQ)
Indoor Generation, 39
indoor health, personalized, 98
indoor smog, 241
indoor time, 38–40, 240; breakdown of, 39; exposure to outdoor air pollution and, 44; lack of focus on, 40
industrial hygiene, 170–73; assessment methods, 92–93. See also certified industrial hygienists (CIHs)
industrial medicine, 221
industry value-added system, 73–76
inertia, 72–73, 76, 77, 80
infiltration factors, 43
information, 71, 80. See also research
infrastructure: in India, 5; need for investment in, 27
infrastructure paradox, 6
ingestion, 47
ingestion, incidental, 48
innovations, uptake of, 219
Innovator’s Dilemma, The (Christensen), 219
insurance, 16
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 211
International Living Future Institute, 142
International Society of Indoor Air Quality, 153
International Well Building Institute (IWBI), 154–55, 156
interventions, 52–53
investors, 6, 76, 228. See also real estate
iodine, 135
“Is Noise Pollution the Next Public Health Crisis?” (New Yorker), 111
IWBI (International Well Building Institute), 154–55, 156

Jha, Ashish, 27
JLL, 32, 33, 40, 226, 228
Joint Commission, 120
Jones, Emily, 166
Journal of the American Medical Association (journal), 27
JPMorgan Chase, 225

Kaiser Permanente, 190–91
Karolinska Institute, 221
Kayyem, Juliette, 119, 120
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), 21, 176, 183, 250. See also measurement
Klimenko, Svetlana, 35
knowledge generators, 220–23
knowledge workers: responsibility for health of, 32–33. See also employees
Kok, Nils, 211–12
Koop, Bryan, 248
KPIs (Key Performance Indicators). See Key Performance Indicators (KPIs); measurement
Kristof, Nick, 128

L&L Holding, 166, 167, 168, 225, 247
landfill waste, from buildings, 25–26
landlords, 70, 71, 76, 77. See also investors; real estate; split incentives
Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act, 140
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 96, 121, 188, 190, 209, 221
lead, 40, 47, 104–5
Lead and Copper Rule, 104, 105
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), 149–153. See also green building certification; Green Building movement; LEED certification
LEED certification, 155, 158–59, 168, 193; financial return on, 152; influence of, 152; use of APs, 169–170. See also certifications; green building certification; Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
Legionella, 11, 102, 105. See also Legionnaires’ disease
Legionnaires’ disease, 10–14, 15, 102–4
Levinson, David, 166, 167, 168, 225, 247
Li & Fung, 77–78
lighting spectrum, 114–15
lighting / views, 19, 113–17
limonene, 46
Lioy, Paul, 109
longevity, human, 25
Lumber Liquidators, 45

MacNaughton, Piers, 207, 226
Macomber, John, 3–7
George B. H. Macomber Company, 3–4
Mandyck, John, 54, 58, 234
market performance, Healthy Buildings and, 245, 246–250
Maslow, Abraham, 117
McCarthy, Jack, 188
McClean, Michael, 50
Measure What Matters (Doerr), 176
measurement, 243, 250; dependent measurement error, 181–82; environmental monitoring, 193–99; importance of, 246; KPIs, 21, 176, 183, 250; loss to follow-up, 180; monitoring absenteeism and, 192–93; monitoring day-to-day fluctuations, 196–99; monitoring invisible hazards, 194–96; need for, 175; Post-occupancy Survey (POS), 176–182; real-time air-quality monitoring, 193–99; real-time measures of employee health and performance, 191–93; representativeness, 178–180; sample size, 178; selection bias, 177–180; self-selected responders, 179. See also Health Performance Indicators (HPIs)
mega-changes, global, 20, 22–37, 201, 216. See also buildings; cities; climate change; health; populations, changing; private sector; resources, changing; technology; values, changing; work, changing
men, 125
Mendell, Mark, 61
Merchants of Doubt (Oreskes and Conway), 137
MERV (Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value), 43, 90
MERV filters, 89, 93, 195
metabolic rate, 97
metagenomics, 222
mHealth, 192
Michaels, David, 137
Michigan Chemical Company, 132
micro-environments, 51–52, 53
Milton, Don, 64
Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV), 43, 89, 90, 93, 195
moisture, 105–7, 121
mold, 106–7, 121
money, 40–42, 76
Moore, Geoffrey, 219
mortality rates, 15, 17
mouse allergens, exposure to, 19
multifamily buildings, 73
museums, universities, schools, and hospitals (MUSH), 73

nanotechnology, 222
National Ambient Air Quality Standards, 39–40, 202. See also outdoor air pollution; outdoor air quality
National Geographic, 59
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 32
National Park Service, 116
natural capital, 25. See also resources
nature, 115–17
Nature Climate Change (journal), 97
net-zero buildings, 215
New York, 152
New York City, 225
New York Times, 51–52, 53, 59, 128
New Yorker, 97, 111, 241
Newsweek, 59
“Nexus of Green Buildings, Global Health, and the UN Sustainable Development Goals, The” (Allen), 17
9 Foundations of a Healthy Building, 85–87, 156, 242, 250; certification and, 158; in design stage, 189; economic benefits of, 121–22; monitoring and conforming with, technologies and, 227. See also acoustics / noise; air quality; dust; Healthy Buildings; lighting / views; moisture; pests; safety / security; thermal health; ventilation; water
9 Foundations project, 86. See also 9 Foundations of a Healthy Building
9 / 11, 109
90 percent. See indoor time
nitrogen dioxide, 40. See also air pollution
Nixon, Richard, 126
noise, 110–13, 224
Novoselac, Atila, 46

Obama, Barack, 26
O’Brien, Greg, 32, 33
occupancy, total cost of, 41
Occupational Safety and Health Act, 32
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): creation of, 126, 221; indoor air quality and, 40; noise limits, 110; on responsibility for workers’ health, 32–33
off-shoring, 33
OKRs (Objectives and Key Results), 176
Onnela, J. P., 192
open floor plans, effects of, 33
Oreskes, Naomi, 137
organophosphate (OP) flame retardants, 137
Orr, David W., 223
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration). See Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
outdoor air, as public good, 219
outdoor air pollution: data on, 233; exposure to indoors, 42–44; filters and, 90; indoor sources of, 215
outdoor air quality, 219; focus on, 39–40; “stay indoors” warnings and, 210–11; variation in, 217. See also National Ambient Air Quality Standards; outdoor air pollution
outdoor environment, focus on, 39–40
outdoors, 115–17
Outdoors Rx, 116
overcooling, 97
ozone, 40. See also air pollution

Page, Larry, 29, 176
Paris Agreement, 100
Park Rx, 116
particulate matter (PM), 17, 30, 43, 91. See also air pollution; PM₁₀; PM_2.5
partitioning, 47
pathogenesis, 27
John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 131
PBBs (polybrominated biphenyls), 132–34, 139
PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers), 134–36
PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), 139
perceived costs, 79
Perera, Frederica, 222
performance, human, 55. See also employees; productivity
Perkins + Will, 144
permissible exposure limits (PELs), 40
personal exposure, 52
pest management plan, 110
pests, 107–10
Petriglieri, Gianpiero, 32
PFAS (polyfluorinated alkyl substances), 130–31, 132
Pfizer, 218, 225
pH of water, 102–5
phthalates, 138, 142
Pigpen effect, 46, 109
“Playing with Fire” (Chicago Tribune), 137
plumbing, Legionnaires’ disease and, 10–13
PM (particulate matter). See air pollution; particulate matter (PM); PM_2.5; PM₁₀
PM_2.5, 17–18, 40, 43, 194–96, 202. See also air pollution; particulate matter (PM)
PM₁₀, 40. See also air pollution; particulate matter (PM)
pollutants: indoor levels of, 45 (see also indoor air pollution); legacy, cost of, 139
pollution: changing, 22; impact on real estate, 210–11. See also air pollution; particulate matter (PM); PM_2.5
polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), 132–34, 139
polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 134–36
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 139
polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), 130–31, 132
polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 138
populations, changing, 20, 22, 24–26, 201, 241. See also mega-changes, global
POS (Post-occupancy Survey), 176–182. See also measurement
Post-occupancy Survey (POS), 176–182. See also measurement
private sector: air pollution and, 27; changing role of, 20, 26–27 (see also environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues; mega-changes, global)
productivity, 55, 56; air quality and, 56; building-related, measuring, 176 (see also measurement); business performance and, 244; cost of loss of, 198; energy efficiency and, 63; factors in, 55–56; Foundations and, 121; Healthy Buildings and, 242–43; importance of, 175; lighting and, 114–15; measuring, 175–76 (see also measurement); noise and, 111–12; open floor plans and, 33; thermal health and, 94; ventilation and, 56–59, 62–70. See also cognitive function
Progressive Insurance, 248
Prop 65, 142–43
psychrometry, 196–98
public good, outdoor air as, 219
public health, 9

radon, 51–52
Ramanujam, Mahesh, 152
real estate, 70, 72, 77; composition of industry, 228–230; current state of industry, 218–19; decision-making process around (see incentives; incumbents; inertia; information); green building certification and, 150–51; in India, executive education in, 4–5; social performance of, 36, 200 (see also environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues); 3-30-300 rule of, 40–41; variation in, 217; wealth distribution in industry, 228–29. See also buildings; Healthy Building movement; investors; landlords; split incentives; work environments
real estate investment trusts (REITs), 211
refrigerants, 100
renovations, 231
rental rates, 70
reproductive health, 125–26, 140. See also hormones
research: dissemination of, 153–54; translating into action, 17–19, 86, 144–46. See also information
RESET certification, 158, 170
resilience, 201, 211–12; financing, 212–13
resources: changing, 20, 22, 24–26, 201 (see also mega-changes, global); depletion of, buildings and, 25–26. See also fossil fuels
risk, 52, 76–77
risk management, 120. See also safety / security
risk management plans, 15
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 28
Rogers Adoption Curve, 219
Rosenberg, Jonathan, 29

Safe Drinking Water Act, 105
safety / security, 117–121
Salesforce, 36
Salesforce Tower, 74
Saltikoff, Alec, 225
salutogenesis, 27
Sasser, Earl, 222
Satish, Usha, 57
Schlesinger, Leonard, 222
Schmidt, Eric, 29
Schneider Electric, 227
schools, 61; air quality in, 61–62; influences on students, 18–19; time spent in, 39
Schwarzenegger, Arnold, 124
Scialla, Paul, 154
Scialla, Pete, 154
scientific literature: lack of knowledge of, 17–19. See also research
security, 117–121
semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), 47
sensors, 236
service profit chain, 222–23
shelter, 117. See also safety / security
shift workers, 113–14
shinrin-yoku (forest bathing), 115
shopper, informed, 247–48
Sick Building Syndrome, 31–32
sick buildings, 10–14. See also indoor air quality; Sick Building Syndrome
sick days, 64
Sidewalk Labs project, 233
Silent Spring (Carson), 25, 126
Silent Spring Institute, 128
Singh, Dilpreet, 222
single-family homes, 73
skin, absorption of pollutants through, 46–47
smart buildings, 34–35, 224, 227
social benefits of energy efficiency, 203–8
social performance, 200; Healthy Buildings and, 245. See also environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues
SoftBank, 228
Spengler, Jack, 39, 221
split incentives, 16, 70, 71, 77–79; certification and, 165. See also energy-versus-health tradeoff; goals; incentives
stain repellents, 129–130
stakeholder value, focus on, 36
Stapleton, Heather, 136–37, 222
stay indoors warnings, 211
Stephens, Brent, 91
steroids, 124, 125
Strack, Rainer, 175, 176, 183, 223
Stroop Test, 94, 96
studies. See research
substitutions, regrettable, 126–132
sulfur dioxide, 40. See also air pollution
Sundel, Jan, 221
Sunderland, Elsie, 123, 131
supply chain, 73–76, 224
“Surprising Economics of a People Business, The” (Barber and Strack), 175
sustainability, 30. See also chemicals; climate change; co-benefits of the built environment (CoBE); embodied carbon; green buildings; Half-Earth (Wilson); net-zero buildings; “Nexus of Green Buildings, Global Health, and the UN Sustainable Development Goals, The” (Allen); resources; values, changing
sustainable development, 241
SVOCs (semivolatile organic compounds), 47
Syracuse Center of Excellence, 56

T4, 135–36
talent, 55. See also employees; productivity
Taylor, Frederick Winslow, 223
technology: building science and, 34–35; changing, 20, 34–35 (see also mega-changes, global); future of, 231–32; monitoring air quality and, 236–37; monitoring and conforming with 9 Foundations and, 227
temperature, air, 94. See also thermal health
temperature, radiant, 94. See also thermal health
temporary workers, 32–33
tenants, 71, 77. See also real estate; split incentives
Theranos, 168–69
thermal health, 94–100; climate change and, 99–100; economic benefits of, 121; gender and, 97–98; human performance and, 94; indoor heat waves, 99–100. See also air conditioning
thigmotaxis, 117–18
3M, 138
time indoors. See indoor time
Tishman Speyer, 156, 157, 225
total coliform, 101
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), 126, 140–41
triclosan, 191
tris, 132–38
TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act), 126, 140–41
Turban, Stephen, 33

Urban Green Council, 54, 58
Urban Land Institute, 159
urbanization, 22, 26, 201, 241. See also cities; mega-changes, global
usage types, 73
USGBC (Green Building Council). See Green Building Council, US (USGBC)

value chain, 73–76
values, changing, 20, 35–36. See also environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues; mega-changes, global
Vance, Marina, 46
vapor intrusion, 186
ventilation, 43, 53, 56, 60, 61, 62, 64, 66, 87–91, 250; in airplanes, 62; bottom line and, 66; capturing PM and, 89–90; checkups for, 90–91; cognitive function and, 56–59, 65–66; defined, 56; demand-control, 210; economic benefits of, 121; effects of, 18, 20–21, 62–70; energy and, 209; energy-recovery ventilation (ERV), 209; energy-versus-health tradeoff and, 60–62; health and, 56, 64; productivity and, 56–59; reducing, 31; revenue gains from, 62–70; sick days and, 64; standards for, 60, 61; timing of, 87–89. See also indoor air quality (IAQ)
ventilation effectiveness, 210
View, 207, 226–27
views / lighting, 113–17
VOCs (volatile organic compounds). See volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 45–46, 47, 57, 58, 91; Bell’s palsy and, 186; filters and, 93; indoor sources of, 215. See also air quality

Wall Street Journal (newspaper), 59, 169
Wallace, Lance, 221
wall-hugging trait, 117–18
Washington Post, 128, 130
water, 51, 100–105; effects of building on, 101–5; Forever Chemicals and, 101; lead in, 104–5; Legionella and, 102–4; PFAS in, 130–31; pH of, 102–5. See also moisture
water repellents, 129–130
Webster, Tom, 135
WELL Building Standard, 154–56, 158, 159, 167, 168, 170, 226
Weschler, Charlie, 46
WeWork, 226, 249–250
whales, 39
“What’s Lurking in Your Countertop?” (New York Times), 51–52, 53
Wilson, E. O., 25, 115, 116, 216
women, thermal health and, 97–98
Woodruff, Tracey, 222
work, changing, 20, 32–33. See also mega-changes, global
work environments, 33; face-to-face interaction, 187; of Industrial Revolution, 221; worker health and, 221; work-from-home models, 187. See also real estate
worker health, research on, 221
workers. See employees; productivity
work-from-home models, 187
workplace culture, 29
World Health Organization, 219
Wrzesniewski, Amy, 32

Yelp effect, 179
Yin, Jie, 116