CONTENTS

Preface

Acknowledgments

About the Authors

Introduction: The Five-Step Program

Course Framework

STEP 1   Set Up Your Study Program

1   What You Need to Know About the AP Biology Exam

Background of the Advanced Placement Program

Who Writes the AP Biology Exam

The AP Grades and Who Receives Them

Reasons for Taking the AP Biology Exam

Questions Frequently Asked About the AP Biology Exam

2   How to Plan Your Time

Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP Biology Exam

Calendar for Each Plan

STEP 2   Determine Your Test Readiness

3   Take a Diagnostic Exam

Diagnostic Exam: AP Biology: Section I

Answers and Explanations

Free-Response Grading Outline

Scoring and Interpretation

STEP 3   Develop Strategies for Success

4   How to Approach Each Question Type

Multiple-Choice Questions

Free-Response Questions

STEP 4   Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High

5   Chemistry of Life

Introduction

Elements, Compounds, Atoms, and Ions

Water

Macromolecules

Nucleic Acids

pH: Acids and Bases

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

6   Cell Structure and Function

Introduction

Types of Cells

Endosymbiotic Theory

Organelles

Cell Size

Cell Membranes: Fluid Mosaic Model

Types of Cell Transport

Water Potential

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

7   Cellular Energetics

Introduction

Enzymes

Cellular Energy

Aerobic Respiration

Anaerobic Respiration

The Players in Photosynthesis

The Reactions of Photosynthesis

Types of Photosynthesis

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

8   Cell Communication and Cell Cycle

Introduction

Cell Communication

Signaling

Signal Transduction Pathway

Phosphorylation

Secondary Messengers

Cell Division in Prokaryotes

The Cell Cycle

Mitosis

Control of Cell Division

Apoptosis

Feedback

Homeostasis

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

9   Heredity

Introduction

Haploid Versus Diploid Organisms

Meiosis

Some Important Terms to Know

Sources of Cell Variation

Mendel and His Peas

Non-Mendelian Genetics

Intermediate Inheritance

Other Forms of Inheritance

Sex Determination and Sex Linkage

Linkage and Gene Mapping

Heads or Tails?

Pedigrees

Common Disorders

Chromosomal Complications

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

10  Molecular Genetics

Introduction

The Central Dogma

Replication of DNA

Telomeres

Transcription of DNA

RNA Processing

Translation of RNA

Gene Regulation

Cell Specialization

Mutations

The Genetics of Viruses

The Genetics of Bacteria

Biotechnology

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

11  Evolution

Introduction

Definition of Evolution

Natural Selection

Lamarck and Darwin

Adaptations

Types of Selection

Evolution Patterns

Sources of Variation

Speciation

When Evolution Is Not Occurring: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

The Evidence for Evolution

Phylogeny

Key Ideas

Macroevolution

Origins of Life on Earth

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

12  Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Types of Animal Learning

Animal Movement

Animal Communication

Ecology

Population Ecology and Growth

Life History Strategies

Biological Communities

Trophic Levels

Biomes

Biogeochemical Cycles

Disruptions to Ecosystem

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

13  Laboratory Review

Introduction

Investigation 1: Artificial Selection

Investigation 2: Mathematical Modeling: Hardy-Weinberg

Investigation 3: Comparing DNA Sequences to Understand Evolutionary Relationships with BLAST

Investigation 4: Diffusion and Osmosis

Investigation 5: Photosynthesis

Investigation 6: Cellular Respiration

Investigation 7: Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis

Investigation 8: Biotechnology: Bacterial Transformation

Investigation 9: Biotechnology: Restriction Enzyme Analysis of DNA

Investigation 10: Energy Dynamics

Investigation 11: Transpiration

Investigation 12: Fruit Fly Behavior

Investigation 13: Enzyme Activity

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

STEP 5   Build Your Test-Taking Confidence

AP Biology Practice Exam 1

AP Biology Practice Exam 2

Bibliography

Websites

Glossary