IN THE KITCHEN WITH EVERYDAY AYURVEDA
My yoga teacher, Sri K. Pattabhi Jois, was famous for saying life is “99 percent practice, 1 percent theory.” Reading about Ayurveda may help you understand its principles, but it is not until you start experimenting with its diet and lifestyle recommendations that you will begin to see improvements in your health. This chapter is full of tips to help you get your kitchen organized, master the Everyday recipes, and integrate Ayurvedic routines into your daily life. It also provides a road map to what you’ll find in part two, “Seasonal Recipes and Routines.”
Part two, which follows, features recipes and routines broken out into five chapters of seasonal recipes and lifestyle practices . . .
DIET: Chapter 4, “Everyday Recipes,” contains foundational recipes, beneficial for all bodies, all year long. I have taken great care to offer Everyday recipes that are simple to prepare. Learning how to make these staples is guaranteed to get you started on an Ayurvedic diet. Here you will find the Everyday staples shopping list, which is a great tool to help you start stocking your Ayurvedic pantry and get set up to make the year-round staples.
LIFESTYLE: In addition, in chapter 4 I introduce a few foundational practices that, when gradually worked into a daily routine, will increase immunity, ease aging, and protect the body/mind from stress.
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Each of the four seasonal chapters begins with a review of the elements and qualities most prevalent in that season, as well as the signs and symptoms of imbalance to watch for.
DIET: In each chapter I introduce the qualities and tastes for encouraging balance during that season, as well as including a table showing what foods to favor. These foods are then organized into a season-specific shopping list, ensuring you will have on hand whatever you need to make the recipes featured in that chapter.
LIFESTYLE: To encourage optimal health through the changing season, in each chapter I expand the basic daily routine with a few key actions.
Chapter 3 Helps You …
GET ORGANIZED
• Balancing Everyday recipes and seasonal recipes
• Organizing the Everyday pantry and spice rack
• Using the seasonal shopping lists
GET INTUITIVE: WHEN AND HOW TO MODIFY THE RECIPES
• Adapting for different climates
• Cooking for the family
• Adapting for travel
• Integrating dinacharya (lifestyle practices)
Finding a Flow with Everyday Recipes
The Everyday recipes suggest a three-meal-a-day flow for eating food you have prepared, all year round—ideally a medium-size breakfast to suit your appetite, a big lunch, and a small supper. The suggested seasonal mix-ins provide some variety, but the cooking method doesn’t change from season to season, so you are not reinventing the wheel every time the weather shifts. Think of the Everyday recipes as templates. Once you get the hang of the basics, you can get more creative with what vegetables, oils, or spices you are using to make an Everyday dish. To help you along, I’ve included a number of seasonal recipes that use an Everyday recipe as a template.
If you don’t get bored easily, you could eat solely from the Everyday recipes and enjoy an affordable, unprocessed, manageable diet rich in qualities that promote balance. When you are ready, expand your Everyday fare by branching out into the recipes in the seasonal chapters, and I hope you will find soon enough that you don’t need a recipe anymore to whip up something satisfying.
KEEP IT SIMPLE: Remember, especially when you start playing with mix-ins, that the efficacy of Ayurvedic cookery is in its simplicity. Allow your tastes to gradually favor meals that contain few ingredients. Eat a hearty portion of one dish, rather than a smorgasbord of small bites. Keep it simple and you’ll feel better.
Creating a diet that changes with the seasons is a lifestyle practice anchored in awareness of how your body feels. The recipes in this book suggest food ideas that will ease the transitions, but it’s your job to pay attention to the changing qualities of the months. With practice and a few seasons behind you, your intuition and creativity to change your diet year-round will become second nature. Keep it fun and flexible.
Organizing the Everyday Pantry and Spice Rack
Store your staple grains, legumes, nuts, and dried fruits in glass jars. Using glass jars for storage keeps the pantry neat and pretty to look at. To avoid having miscellaneous plastic bags peeking out from behind each other on your shelves or gathering in piles only to be forgotten, you’ll find it worthwhile to take the time to procure some nice-looking jars that will fit together on a shelf or in a drawer. In any case it’s a good idea to move away from using plastics for kitchen storage, as they are all made from chemicals, and you can’t be sure if these are leeching into your foods over time. You can use canning jars, which come in several sizes and have two-part metal tops for easy cleaning and storage. These can be found at hardware and kitchen/home supply stores.
TIFFIN, INDIAN LUNCH BOX
HERBS AND SPICES
You’ll enjoy the optimal medicinal value of spices by buying them whole, which are good for about one year, and grinding up a batch monthly. Once a seed has been ground up, its flavor and efficacy will diminish after about a month.
Traditional Ayurvedic cookery often calls for both whole spices and ground spices in a soup, stew, rice, or cooked vegetable recipe. The body of the dish will be flavorful from the powdered spices, while the whole seeds add bursts of extra flavor and visual variety. In the recipes in this book, the whole spices are sometimes optional. When you’re starting out, it’s best to grind up a batch of seasoning monthly—meeting all your needs for taste, seasonal qualities, and good digestion—and just use that. As you get more discerning with your cookery, you may start to augment the recipes with whole spices as well, for variety and excitement.
Buy spices at a natural foods store that carries bulk culinary herbs and spices, or you can order them from an Ayurvedic supply company (see “Resources,” page 306). One-half pound of each type of spice is a good amount to order.
Storage. Keep your spices in glass jars or, if you are lucky enough to find one, in a spice box (see page 59), the traditional way of storing Indian spices; the flavors meld into a masala inside the box. Pint-sized jars hold a good amount of whole spices to keep around, to be used within one year. Saving and washing glass nut-butter jars from the grocery store is a thrifty way to gather a uniform collection; another option is to purchase canning jars.
For daily use, in the spice rack or on the back of the stove, keep ground spices in a few small glass jars with shaker tops, which can also be found at any kitchen or home goods store. Have a pepper mill filled with fresh peppercorns on the table.
To make the Everyday spice mixes you will need:
• Coriander seed
• Fennel seed
• Cumin seed
The following spices are best bought in powdered form, as they are difficult to grind up on your own:
• Turmeric
• Cardamon (though whole green pods are beautiful in rice dishes and chai)
• Cinnamon
• Ginger
• Pink salt or sea salt
Once you get in the habit of using the seasonal shopping lists, you will buy a few extra spices each season and can vary the mixtures in your shaker jars, making one just for Ayurvedic tastes and another for the Western-style recipes.
Fresh herbs are always best, but they are not always easy to find. All year round, you can grow a few culinary favorites in pots on your windowsill and cut bits for fresh garnishes. Parsley, thyme, rosemary, and mint all grow pretty well inside.
When herbs are fresh in season, you can buy them at the farmers’ market and hang them up in bunches to dry in your kitchen, then store in glass jars. These can be used to make the seasonal salts. Dried culinary herbs can also be purchased at a natural foods store that carries bulk spices. A little goes a long way, so just buy a quarter cup or so for the season. If you are cooking for a family, buy closer to one-half cup.
FRESH GINGER
Have fun varying your grains and legumes with the seasonal shopping lists, but keep a few superstars in quart-sized jars for the Everyday recipes. When cooking for a family, you may store larger bags in the pantry, if you find a quart jar goes too fast to keep refilling.
• Basmati rice, brown and white
• Mung beans, whole green and split yellow
NUTS, SEEDS, AND DRIED FRUITS
Seeds are lighter than nuts and appear in recipes throughout all four seasons, while nuts come and go on your seasonal lists. Dried fruits are favored on a seasonal basis and appear mostly when fresh fruits are not available, so just stock them seasonally. Store the following in glass jars in the refrigerator:
• Raw sunflower seeds
• Raw almonds
• Shredded coconut
• Chia seeds
GREAT DATES
OILS
Consuming fresh oils is important. Oils go rancid, and the body cannot metabolize them in this form, which results in ama, undigested toxic matter in the tissues. You do not want to have cooking oils around more than a few months. The seasonal shopping lists will guide you to buy seasonally appropriate oils so you can use them up, then shift into the next season’s variety. For example, some oils, like sesame, are heavier than others and therefore more appropriate in cool weather; coconut oil has a cooling quality and so is recommended in warm weather. However, Everyday Ghee (see page 114) is beneficial all year long and keeps well for one month outside of the refrigerator and up to three months in the fridge.
Remember: ghee and coconut oil have the greatest heat tolerance (they don’t turn rancid at high heat) and are used in all the baked goods recipes in this book. Other cooking oils, such as olive and sesame, can tolerate medium heat and are acceptable for stove-top cooking.
Using the Seasonal Shopping Lists
Celebrate the changes in seasons by spending a little time “seasonalizing” your pantry, in the same way you change out your seasonal clothing. Rather than keeping only the same oils, grains, nuts, dried fruits, and legumes stocked all year long, get excited about the foods and flavors you haven’t seen for a while. Taking the time to appreciate the variety nature gives us will feed your soul and your senses.
Each recipe chapter contains a seasonal shopping list designed to guide you into buying foods that will balance the qualities changing in your body at that time of year and that will keep your diet pleasantly varied. When you use the list for stocking up, you will be prepared to make most of the recipes for the season.
As the qualities in your environment begin to shift, phase out the foods that do not appear on the new season’s list by using up what you have. Take a few hours to prepare or purchase items from the new season’s shopping list, then return home to get things organized in the kitchen. Change out what’s in your glass jars; the varieties of legumes, grains, nuts, and oils you are stocking; and make up some fresh, seasonally appropriate spice and salt mixes. You are then ready to make the recipes featured in the new season’s chapter and to balance the qualities in your body by gently attending to your diet.
You will find many suggested fresh fruits and vegetables on the shopping lists. Don’t buy them all at once! Only buy enough fresh fruit and vegetables for one week’s meals at a time. Buy just a couple varieties of fruit and veggie in one trip considering how many you are cooking for. Buy more vegetables than fruits. To keep it simple, try rotating the fruits and veggies you buy each time you go shopping so that you can try all the varieties. Buy only as much as you can prepare and eat in a few days or a workweek, to ensure you keep eating fresh produce and avoid spoilage. As a rule, if something looks great to you, your body probably wants to eat it. (We are not talking about brownies here.) Buy a new vegetable that attracts you and try it in one of the recipes. Each time you experiment with unfamiliar produce, you expand your cookery skills.
Remember, the Everyday recipes are meant to guide you to prepare meals simply from the staple ingredients you keep around all the time. If you don’t get around to rotating the pantry right away when the season changes, it’s OK—just keep cooking!
Recipe Yields
The more complicated a recipe is, the larger the recipe yield. The logic of this is simple: If you are putting a lot of time into cooking a dish, you likely want to have more of the final product to enjoy. Most of The Everyday Ayurveda Cookbook recipes are uncomplicated and will yield two servings, whereas soups and stews that need to simmer awhile generally serve four. (Note: This could be four demure bowls, if the soup is a side dish, or two big bowls, if the soup is your main meal.) Rather than teaching you to get fancy in the kitchen, make large amounts of food, and eat leftovers often, The Everyday Ayurveda Cookbook seeks to get you cooking more simply and more often. More fresh foods equal more vibrant health.
Some of you will be cooking for yourselves alone and will eat half of a dish at one sitting and keep half to use for the next meal or to take to work. If you are cooking for two, double the recipe so both people can benefit from a packed lunch tomorrow.
Cooking for the Family
If you are cooking to feed a family, you will want to double or triple most of the recipes. However, one of the joys of this book is that it shows you how simple it is to cook something just for yourself. Your body might not be calling for the meat and potatoes or mac ’n’ cheese that is typical American family fare. Instead, you might parboil some fresh greens, use an immersion hand blender to process half into a simple green soup for you (Everyday Cleansing Green Soup, page 102), and serve the other half of the parboiled vegetables as a side dish for the rest of the crowd. You can augment your soup with a little meat and eat much less potato than you would have without your side soup. Teaching you to stay true to what you need, without feeling overwhelmed by cooking several meals at once, is one of the aims of this book.
To personalize the Everyday template recipes, family members can choose their own mix-ins to add to each basic meal. At breakfast, for instance, serve a batch of Everyday Creamed Grain Cereal (page 78) cooked with slightly less water than the recipe calls for and offer, as an addition, cow’s milk for one person and almond milk for another. Or serve Everyday Steamed Salad Bowl (page 88) for dinner, but offer two or three of the dressing choices and several different toppings on the side—one person can have meat, another can have toasted seeds.
Notes for the Family Chef:
• Keeping spice mixes handy in shaker jars invites each eater to spice the meal according to his or her tastes.
• Keep a jar of ghee or coconut oil available, along with a clean spoon, for those who need to add more oil to a meal.
• Most Indian households have a pressure cooker. If you are willing to learn how to use one, this is a speedy way to produce butter-soft beans and vegetables. According to Ayurvedic cooking, pressure cooking is the best way to ensure digestibility of dry, hard foods. Slow cooking is another method that requires more planning but softens foods nicely as well.
• Kids need sweet taste, and naturally sweetened cooking will build taste buds that don’t demand white sugar. Dates or raisins cooked in Everyday Kichari (page 94) are sure to go “down the hatch” easily, as my dad used to say.
• Make up new batches of chutneys, sauces, and spreadables every week. If someone at the table doesn’t instantly love the meal you’ve served, maybe she or he will love it with mango chutney on top.
• Kids are in the building phase of life and so need more of the heavy, dense foods, like dairy products, eggs, sweet potatoes, and nut butters. The muffin recipes in this book could be a lifesaver for you, the family chef, and are good in the lunchbox. Don’t tell them what it’s called, but Winter Rejuvenating Tonic (see page 265) is also ideally nourishing for children and grounds their energy after a school day.
• Growing children generally need to eat more often and to consume less at each meal than adults. But even if you feed your children five times a day, try to stick to eating three meals yourself.
Adapting for Different Climates
Take a moment to review the table “The Ten Builders and Their Opposites” (see page 14). It is important to feel for these qualities as you notice your daily sensations and watch for any early symptoms of imbalance. Once you understand how the recipes are using foods to balance the seasonal qualities, you can modify the recipes to balance the qualities at work in your own body. When in doubt, reach for the neutral foods suggested in the Everyday recipes.
The following qualities form the basis for the seasonal recipe chapters.
SPRING: heavy, oily/damp, slow, cloudy, stable
SUMMER: hot, sharp/bright, oily/humid
FALL: cool, light, dry, rough, mobile (windy), clear
WINTER: cool, very dry, light, rough, mobile, hard, clear
YOUR INDOOR ENVIRONMENT
Spring foods are drying and warming, as they are meant to melt winter residue, and they call for very little salt. If spring in your area is generally less damp and cool than a typical spring environment, you can enjoy a bit more salt and a bit more oil in the recipes.
Summer foods will be light on the oil and cooling in nature. If your summer is dry instead of humid, you can add more fats and oils to the recipes.
Fall recipes favor warm, cooked foods, though without any ingredients that are too heating, like chilies. The foods will be building, grounding, well oiled, and deeply nourishing to prepare the body for a long winter. If the winter you expect is not so long as in a cold environment, consume building foods for a shorter period. With a longer growing season, you will also enjoy adding more fresh vegetables to the recipes.
Winter recipes favor slightly heating foods, served warm, watery, and oily, with a bit of spice. If your winter is not very dry and cold—for instance, if you live in a climate where it rains all winter—you may favor the winter recipes for their warming effects, but cut back a bit on the oils and heavy fats. In this case, reduce the sour, salty tastes as well, as they cause the body to hold water.
Understanding Internal Climate
In actuality, you have two climates to consider when making your food choices: that of your external environment and, more important, your internal climate. Each body contains a unique makeup of the five Ayurvedic elements. It is possible, for example, to be born with a propensity to be cold and dry, even during seasons that present warm and moist qualities.
A cold individual might feel the strongest and most integrated during the warm months and can relax a bit on keeping warm and oiled at this time, but this individual certainly doesn’t need to seek out cooling, drying foods at any time of year. He is likely to experience cold hands and feet most of the time. He can get away with having some favorite cool and dry foods more often in the warm weather, should the mood move him. Eating too much from the spring recipes is likely to make this person uncomfortable and perhaps cause dry skin or gassiness. Simply by adding some good fats and oils to his meals, he will experience relief.
Another person might experience a hot internal environment, which could manifest as acid stomach or a feeling of toastiness, even in winter. Perhaps the internal heat is worse in summer. She would do well to reduce the intake of such sharp items as coffee and alcohol. Instead, focus on summer drinkables and enjoy cooling condiments, such as Cilantro Mint Chutney, all year round.
Yet another individual gains weight easily all year long, particularly in winter. Although it is light and dry outside in winter, this body holds heavy and oily qualities inside. The winter diet may prove too rich for him. Favoring some of the drying, astringent grains and vegetables from the spring chapter will help make some of the winter recipes lighter for this person.
The truth is that eating simply and noticing how different foods make you feel or what qualities they present (Comfortably warm? Aggravated? Heavy after eating, or energized?) informs your understanding of how to modify the recipes for your internal climate.
THREE CASE STUDIES IN INTERNAL CLIMATE
SEASONAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS |
||
SEASON |
QUALITIES OF THE SEASON |
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF IMBALANCE |
SPRING |
Cool, heavy, oily (damp), slow, cloudy, stable |
Congestion, seasonal allergies, weight gain, water retention, lethargy, sadness |
SUMMER |
Hot, sharp (bright), oily (humid) |
Acid indigestion, reflux, loose stools, pimples, rashes, swelling, irritability, headaches |
FALL |
Cool, light, dry, rough, mobile (windy), clear, erratic, early fall is also hot |
Gas and bloating, constipation, dry skin and scalp, itchy or burning rashes, cold hands and feet, insomnia, anxiety |
WINTER |
Cold, very dry, light, rough, mobile, hard, clear |
Constipation, dry skin and scalp, cracking joints, cold hands and feet, anxiety, fatigue |
CITY LIVING
Taking It on the Road: Travel Tips
If you travel away from home to a different climate, you will notice in a day or two how the qualities of the new environment affect you. If you are suddenly surrounded by humidity and you aren’t used to that, it will feel especially moist and warm to you, and you will crave dry and cooling qualities. Be prepared to change your diet while you are in this new place, the same way you would for a changing season. Also, be aware that the qualities of air travel are incredibly dry and light. If you’re flying, make it a point to eat warm, moist food and oil your skin upon arrival—these simple practices will balance the effects of air travel.
You needn’t lose your Everyday Ayurveda routine when you travel. Again, the key is to be prepared. You’ll run into trouble when traveling when you don’t have any oil for oil massage, when you forgot your thermos. Keeping a travel kit ready in a clear plastic bag for flights will help you maintain your routine while you’re on the road. It should include:
• A tongue scraper (see page 274)
• A three-ounce, leakproof plastic bottle of massage oil. Before your flight be sure to put some of the oil inside your nose, inhaling deeply. Or purchase a nasya oil for your travel kit (see page 277). A shower and oil massage (abhyanga) after you land will do wonders to balance the drying effects of flying (see page 278).
• Rose water hydrosol. If your eyes get dry, spray or drop rose water into them.
• Ginger tea bags. Do not have iced drinks or alcohol on the plane; ask for hot water for tea.
• Triphala, if you tend to get constipated
TRIPHALA
Pack a thermos or glass or steel water bottle. If you’re flying, ask the flight attendant for warm water in your bottle.
Sometimes it’s hard to find unprocessed foods when you’re traveling. The good news is that an Ayurvedic diet at home improves your digestive capacity, so if you end up having to eat at a diner once in a while, your digestive fire will get right to work. But if you find yourself eating processed foods every night of your trip, you could end up experiencing signs of imbalance, such as bloating, gas, acid stomach, or irregularity. When eating out at restaurants, request hot water with lemon or mint tea to drink; focus on eating grain dishes and roasted and steamed vegetables; and ask for real olive oil and lemon wedges or balsamic vinegar to dress your salads. Remember, you have a choice about what you put into your body, even at a restaurant, and if you ask for vegetables, the kitchen will always come up with something.
Now Is the Time
Integrating the Ayurvedic diet, lifestyle practices, and wisdom into your life may take some time. It is most enjoyable—and effective—to start with something simple, and remember that small changes are lasting ones.
So, friends, let’s get cooking. Turn the page and begin to change your life, one meal at a time.