Answer Key
Pretest Pages 8-13
1. tens
2. hundred thousands
3. ones
4. hundreds
5. 428,004
6. 533
7. 56,789
8. 1,204
9. 370, 317, 37
10. 5,229; 5,209; 5,029
11. 3
12. any 3 of the following numbers would be correct: 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54
13. 9, 9
14. 16, 16
15. 15, 15
16. 19, 19
17. 5; 6; 4; 6
18. 16; 18; 3; 18
19. 39
20. 94
21. 77
22. 91
23. 7
24. 42
25. 34
26. 21
27. 12
28. 18
29. 10
30. 6
31. 25
32. 32
33. 10
34. 0
35. 49
36. 27
37. $150.00
38. 24 rolls
39. Yes. The order of multiplying two numbers does not affect the total.
40. 8
41. 2
42. 8
43. 3
44. 5
45. 7
46. 5
47. 6 shows
48. 8 balloons
49. 3 fish should be colored blue
50. 1 kite is colored green
51. 2 crayons colored red
52. blue flower; dot on line below blue flower
53. 
54. 4:30
55. 10:45
56. 9:05
57. 3:20
58. 170 g
59. 28 g
60. 4 kg
61. 21
62. more students choose tumbling, relay races, and dancing combined.
63. angle
64. line segment
65. ray
66. 4 feet
67. 2 inches
68. 32 square feet
Chapter 1
Chapter 1 • Lesson 1
Page 14
1. 362
2. 243
3. 
4. 45 stands for 4 tens and 5 ones. 450 stands for 4 hundreds, 5 tens, and no ones.
Chapter 1 • Lesson 2
Page 15
1. 2 thousands
2. 8 ones
3. 4 hundreds
4. 3,021
5. 4,509
6. 9,099
7. 2,001
Chapter 1 • Lesson 3
Page 16
1. 1
2. 3
3. 5
4. 6 hundred thousands
5. 9 hundred thousands
6. 8 ten thousands
7. 1 thousand
8. 5 hundred thousands
9. 2 hundreds
10. 9
Chapter 1 • Lesson 4
Page 17
1. three thousand, one hundred
2. five hundred seventy-six
3. ninety-nine
4. 602
5. 105,003
6. 4,233
7. 800 + 50 + 1
8. 9,000 + 600 + 10
Chapter 1 • Lesson 5
Page 18
1. >
2. >
3. <
4. >
5. =
6. <
7. >
8. =
9. 0
Chapter 1 • Lesson 6
Page 19
1. 372; 185; 58
2. 649; 642; 640
3. 999; 888; 821
4. 244; 248; 251
5. 1,727; 1,900; 2,648
Chapter 1 • Lesson 7
Page 20
1. 2,350
2. 520
3. 630
4. 790
5. 6,490
6. 7,610
7. 420
8. 540
9. 9,480
10. 8,630
Chapter 1 • Lesson 8
Page 21
1. 1,800
2. 300
3. 500
4. 800
5. 2,100
6. 500
7. 600
8. 300
9. 250
Chapter 1 Test
Pages 22-23
1. 143
2. third group of cubes should be circled
3. 3 hundreds
4. 8 thousands
5. 7 tens
6. 6 ten thousands
7. 4 hundred thousands
8. 6 hundreds
9. 224,817
10. 738
11. 267,399; 276,399; 301,014
12. 6,419; 15,842; 17,121
13. 947, 934, 861
14. 25,423; 25,342; 25,234
15. <
16. >
17. =
18. Possible answers: 31, 32, 33, or 34
19. 950
20. 230
21. 1,680
22. 4,930
23. 700
24. 6,500
25. 3,300
26. 9,700
Chapter 2
Chapter 2 • Lesson 1 Page 24
1. 19; 19
2. 9; 9
3. 17; 17
4. 8; 8
5. 15; 15
6. 8; 8
7. 16; 16
8. 12
9. 13
10. 8
11. Possible answer: No. The order in which Chen and Alex add does not matter. The sum is the same.
Chapter 2 • Lesson 2
Page 25
1. (12 + 2) + 3; 12 + (2 + 3)
2. (3 + 11) + 2; 3 + (11 + 2)
3. 15; 17; 3; 17
4. 12; 16; 6; 16
Chapter 2 • Lesson 3
Page 26
1. 3
2. 2
3. 0
4. 11
5. 10
6. 4
7. 6
8. 12
9. Possible answer: I should subtract because I am asked to find how many are left.
Chapter 2 • Lesson 4
Page 27
1. 3; 3
2. 2; 2
3. 5; 5
4. 1; 1
5. 4; 4
6. 6; 6
7. 
Chapter 2 • Lesson 5
Page 28
1. 17; 3, 14, 17; 17, 14, 3; 17, 3, 14
2. 16; 19, 16, 3; 3, 16, 19; 16, 3, 19
3. The fact family is 3 + 6 = 9, 6 + 3 = 9, 9 − 3 = 6, and 9 − 6 = 3.
4. The fact family is 1 + 7 = 8, 7 + 1 = 8, 8 − 1 = 7, and 8 − 7 = 1.
5. 4
Chapter 2 • Lesson 6
Page 29
1. (6 + 11) + 1 = 18; 17; 1; 18; 6 + (11 + 1) = 18; 6; 12; 18
Chapter 2 Test
Pages 30-31
1. 8; 8
2. 18; 18
3. 19; 19
4. 15; 15
5. 7
6. 3
7. 11
8. 7; 9; 6; 9
9. 4; 15; 14; 15
10. 11; 18; 17; 18
11. (14 + 2) + 3 = 19; 16; 3; 19; 14 + (2 + 3) = 19; 14; 5; 19
12. 14
13. 8
14. 12
15. 1
16. 10
17. 0
18. 11
19. 5
20. 2; 2
21. 4; 4
22. 8; 6, 2, 8; 8, 6, 2; 8; 2; 6
23. 10; 13, 10, 3; 10, 3, 13; 3, 10, 13
24. The fact family is 11 + 6 = 17, 6 + 11 = 17, 17 − 11 = 6, and 17 − 6 = 11.
25. The fact family is 9 + 10 = 19, 10 + 9 = 19, 19 − 10 = 9, and 19 − 9 = 10.
Chapter 3
Chapter 3 • Lesson 1
Page 32
1. 32
2. 99
3. 86
4. 57
5. 64
6. 87
7. 75
8. 98
9. 89
10. 49
11. 59
12. 68
13. 37
14. 98
15. 72
16. 74
Chapter 3 • Lesson 2
Page 33
1. 73
2. 90
3. 105
4. 64
5. 130
6. 120
7. 84
8. 41
9. 35 + 38 = 73 apples
Chapter 3 • Lesson 3
Page 34
1. 14; 19; 24; 29
2. 6; 8; 10; 12
3. 14; 24; 34; 44
4. 13; 15; 17; 19
5. 13; 23; 33; 43
6. 22; 27; 32; 37
Chapter 3 • Lesson 4
Page 35
1. 297
2. 579
3. 851
4. 967
5. 639
6. 444
7. 950
8. 969
9. 352 + 346 = 698 miles
10. 214 + 243 = 457 gallons
Chapter 3 • Lesson 5
Page 36
1. 828
2. 900
3. 616
4. 861
5. 912
6. 615
7. 532
8. 727
9. 366 + 257 = 623 pizzas
Chapter 3 • Lesson 6
Page 37
1. 50 + 70 = 120
2. 40 + 90 = 130
3. 50 + 20 = 70
4. 200 + 800 = 1,000
5. 600 + 200 = 800
6. 300 + 600 = 900
7. 20 + 20 + 40 = 80 about 80 cars: actual number of cars sold: 76
Chapter 3 • Lesson 7
Page 38
1. 14
2. 43
3. 37
4. 21
5. 32
6. 45
7. 12
8. 30
9. 25 − 14 = 11 books
Chapter 3 • Lesson 8
Page 39
1. 27
2. 18
3. 16
4. 35
5. 49
6. 56
7. 37
8. 29
9. 48
10. 13
11. 25
12. 14
Chapter 3 • Lesson 9
Page 40
1. 141
2. 372
3. 201
4. 322
5. 187 − 154 = 33 pairs of shoes
6. 556 − 246 = 310 miles
Chapter 3 • Lesson 10
Page 41
1. 129
2. 86
3. 199
4. 577
5. 388
6. 68
7. 397
8. 278
Chapter 3 • Lesson 11
Page 42
1. 60 − 20 = 40
2. 50 − 20 = 30
3. 80 − 30 = 50
4. 70 − 60 = 10
5. 700 − 300 = 400
6. 600 − 400 = 200
7. 700 − 200 = 500
Chapter 3 • Lesson 12
Page 43
1. 57 + 64 = ? 57 + 64 = 121 people
2. $350 − $160 = ? $350 − $160 = $190 more on dog food
3. 17 − 12 = ? 17 − 12 = 5 more white cats
4. $549 + $368 = ? $549 + $368 = $917
Chapter 3 Test
Pages 44-45
1. 24
2. 68
3. 43
4. 18
5. 82
6. 115
7. 17
8. 46
9. 49
10. 35
11. 74
12. 75
13. add 2
14. add 10
15. 80 + 60 = 140
16. 40 − 20 = 20
17. 50 + 30 = 80
18. 60 − 20 = 40
19. 600 − 300 = 300
20. 600 + 300 = 900
21. 300 + 500 = 800
22. 800 − 400 = 400
23. 471
24. 697
25. 298
26. 320
27. 90 + 100 = about 190 bottles; 100 + 100 = about 200 bottles
28. 144 − 129 = 15 bottles
29. 86 + 117 = 203; 95 + 129 = 224; Booth 2 gave away more.
30. 77 − 38 = 39 booths
31. 21 + 28 = 49 booths
32. 921 − 847 = 74 more people
Chapter 4
Chapter 4 • Lesson 1
Page 46
1. 4; 8; 8
2. 5; 15; 15
3. 4
4. 2; 2; 2
Chapter 4 • Lesson 2
Page 47
1. 6
2. 4
3. 2; 6; 2; 12
Chapter 4 • Lesson 3
Page 48
1. 18
2. 12
3. 27
4. 3
5. 15
6. 21
7. 9
8. 24
9. 6
Chapter 4 • Lesson 4
Page 49
1. 16
2. 32
3. 20
4. 28
5. 12
6. 24
7. 36
8. 3 × 4 = 12
Chapter 4 • Lesson 5
Page 50
1. 45
2. 35
3. 10
4. 30
5. 15
6. 40
7. 20
8. 25
9. 5
10. 6; 5; 30
Chapter 4 • Lesson 6
Page 51
1. 9
2. 0
3. 0
4. 5
5. 0
6. 4
7. 0
8. 1
9. 8; 1; 8; 8; 0; 0
Chapter 4 • Lesson 7
Page 52
1. 18; 18
2. 24; 24
3. 7; 7
4. 36; 36
5. 16; 16
6. 20; 20
7. Possible answer: Yes. If the factors are the same, it doesn’t matter what order they are in.
Chapter 4 • Lesson 8
Page 53
1. 16
2. 21
3. 25
4. 20
5. 12
6. 3
7. 18
8. 35
9. 18
10. 3; 5; 15
Chapter 4 • Lesson 9
Page 54
1. 21 in all; 7 circles in each box; 3; 7; 21
2. 11 circles in one box and 13 circles in the other; 24 in line above table; 11; 13; 24
3. Possible answer: There should be 1 circle in each box.
Chapter 4 Test
Pages 55-56
1. 5; 20; 20
2. 3
3. 5; 5
4. 14
5. 8
6. 18
7. 6
8. 9
9. 24
10. 15
11. 4 × 4 = 16
12. 2 × 5 = 10
13. 5 circles in each box of the table; 5; 5; 25
14. 0
15. 7
16. 2
17. 0
18. It is 0. I multiply a number by 0 to get 0 for an answer.
19. 28; 28
20. 10; 10
21. 24; 24
22. 18
23. 36
24. 16
25. 30
Chapter 5
Chapter 5 • Lesson 1
Page 57
1. 7
2. 3
3. 9
4. 5
5. 8
6. 1
7. 0
8. 2
9. 12; 2; 6
Chapter 5 • Lesson 2
Page 58
1. 7
2. 3
3. 5
4. 0
5. 2
6. 1
7. 6
8. 9
9. 24; 3; 8
Chapter 5 • Lesson 3
Page 59
1. 3
2. 2
3. 7
4. 9
5. 1
6. 0
7. 8
8. 36; 4; 9
9. 16; 4; 4; Possible answer: No. He only has enough eggs to make 4 batches.
Chapter 5 • Lesson 4
Page 60
1. 4
2. 5
3. 0
4. 6
5. 1
6. 8
7. 2
Chapter 5 • Lesson 5
Page 61
1. 0
2. 9
3. 6
4. 4
5. 1
6. 5
7. 7
8. 3
9. 7
10. 2
11. 3
12. 8
13. 9; 1
14. 6; 1
Chapter 5 • Lesson 6
Page 62
1. 25; 5; 5; 5
2. 18; 3; 6; 6
3. 14; 2; 7; 7
4. 3; 5; 15; 5
5. 4; 8; 32; 8
6. 5; 7; 35; 7
7. Yes, she ate enough fruit. 7÷ 7 = 1; 7 × 1 = 7; Yes, she ate enough fruit.
Chapter 5 • Lesson 7
Page 63
1. 9; 2; 18; 9
2. 3; 24; 3; 8
3. 40; 5; 40; 8
4. The fact family is 1 × 9 = 9, 9 × 1 = 9, 9 ÷ 1 = 9, 9 ÷ 9 = 1.
5. 8; 2
Chapter 5 • Lesson 8
Page 64
1. 9
2. 2
3. 3
4. 7
5. 5
6. 7
7. 6
8. 9
9. He slept 8 hours each night.
He did not get enough sleep.
Chapter 5 • Lesson 9
Page 65
1. 3 × 5 = 
; 3 × 5 = 15; There are 15 students.
2. ÷ 3 = 4; 12 ÷ 3 = 4; Luis has 12 stickers.
Chapter 5 Test
Pages 66-67
1. 4
2. 1
3. 2
4. 1
5. 4
6. 8
7. 9
8. 9
9. 5
10. 6
11. 3
12. 9
13. 0
14. 5
15. 7
16. 4
17. 9
18. 2
19. 4
20. 5
21. 9; 3; 3
22. 21; 3; 7; 3
23. 16; 4; 4; 4
24. 4; 7; 28; 7
25. 2; 7; 14; 7
26. 3 × ? = 12
27. The fact family is 4 × 8 = 32, 8 × 4 = 32, 32 ÷ 4 = 8, 32 ÷ 8 = 4.
28. 45 ÷ 5 = 9; yes
29. 24 ÷ 4 = 6; He can make 6 pitchers.
Chapter 6
Chapter 6 • Lesson 1
Page 68
1. 54
2. 6
3. 18
4. 30
5. 0
6. 48
7. 12
8. 24
9. 7 × 6 = 42 feet
10. 6 × 3 = 18 apples
11. 2 × 6 = 12
Chapter 6 • Lesson 2
Page 69
1. 49
2. 7
3. 28
4. 14
5. 0
6. 63
7. 21
8. 35
9. Possible answer: There are more groups of 7 in Exercise 6.
10. 5 × 7 = 35 minutes
11. 9 × 7 = 63 minutes
Chapter 6 • Lesson 3
Page 70
1. 72
2. 16
3. 32
4. 56
5. 8
6. 0
7. 48
8. 24
9. 8; 16; 24; 32; 40; 48; 56; 64; 72
10. 8 × 9 = 72 roses
11. 6 × 9 = 54 roses
Chapter 6 • Lesson 4
Page 71
1. 63
2. 27
3. 72
4. 9
5. 54
6. 18
7. 9
8. 36
9. 9; 18; 27; 36; 45; 54; 63; 72; 81
10. 9
11. more
Chapter 6 • Lesson 5
Page 72
1. 30
2. 100
3. 10
4. 40
5. 80
6. 0
7. 20
8. 90
9. 6 × 10 = 60 cents
Chapter 6 • Lesson 6
Page 73
1. 90
2. 250
3. 240
4. 80
5. 420
6. 90
7. 120
8. 0
9. 240
10. 90
11. 0
12. 100
13. 80
14. 3 × 70 = 210 pounds of food
Chapter 6 • Lesson 7
Page 74
1. (2 × 1); 12; (1 × 6); 12
2. (5 × 2); 40; (2 × 4); 40
3. (1 × 7); 42; (7 × 6); 42
4. 5
5. 3
6. 4
7. Possible answer: (4 × 2) × 3 = 24 arms
Chapter 6 • Lesson 8
Page 75
1. 9; 4; 45; 36; 81
2. 3; 3; 9; 3; 12
3. 5; 2; 5; 6; 10; 30; 40
4. Possible answer: She is not correct. Other ways are 2 + 6, 3 + 5, and 7 + 1.
Chapter 6 • Lesson 9
Page 76
1. 6; 7; 8; 9; 10
2. 20; 32; 36
3. 25; 35
4. 7; 14; 35; 42
Chapter 6 • Lesson 10
Page 77
1. 21
2. 60
3. 64
4. 2
5. 40
6. 0
7. 63
8. 18
9. 49
10. 9
11. 40
12. 7 × 5 = 35 seeds
Chapter 6 • Lesson 11
Page 78
1. 3 × = 18; 3 × 6 = 18; She should buy 6 packs.
2. For every pack of raisins, the number of boxes increases by 3.
Chapter 6 • Lesson 12
Page 79
1. 4 × 2 = 8 cups; 8 × m = 24; 24 ÷ 8 = 3 cherries in each cup
2. (5 × 7) + m = 45; 5 × 7 = 35; 35 + m = 45; 45 − 35 = 10 more pages
3. 5 × 6 + 8 = m; 5 × 6 = 30; 30 + 8 = 38 books read this month
Chapter 6 Test
Pages 80-81
1. 60
2. 180
3. 0
4. 15
5. 64
6. 180
7. 63
8. 42
9. 24
10. 54
11. 40
12. 49
13. 2
14. 28
15. 27
16. 16
17. 56
18. 90
19. 240
20. 70
21. 0
22. 270
23. 80
24. 50
25. 120
26. 4 × 6 = 24 students
27. Possible answer: The tens digit should be 1 less than the number he multiplied by 9. It should be a 1.
28. (5 × 2) × 1 = 10; (2 × 1) × 5 = 10
29. (2 × 2) × 3 = 12; (2 × 3) × 2 = 12
30. 7 × 8 = 7 × (5 + 3); 7 × 8 = (7 × 5) + (7 × 3); 7 × 8 = 35 + 21; 7 × 8 = 56
31. Possible answer: A number times an even number is always even.
32. Possible answer: 63 comes next. The number in each box increases by 9.
33. × 6 = 30; 5 × 6 = 30; He can make 5 ladybugs.
34. (2 × 10) + m = 80; 20 + m = 80; 80 − 20 = 60 songs
Chapter 7
Chapter 7 • Lesson 1
Page 82
1. 1
2. 8
3. 2
4. 3
5. 7
6. 5
7. 0
8. 36 ÷ 6 = 6; He should place 6 balloons at each table.
9. 24 ÷ 6 = 4; It would weigh 4 pounds.
10. 54 ÷ 6 = 9; No, she does not have enough.
Chapter 7 • Lesson 2
Page 83
1. 2
2. 3
3. 0
4. 1
5. 8
6. 6
7. 7
8. 9
9. 5
10. 4
11. 0
12. 14 ÷ 2 = 7 sections
13. 1 × 7 = 7 hours each week; 35 ÷ 7 = 5 weeks; She has been practicing for 5 weeks.
14. 28 ÷ 7 = 4; The report is 4 pages.
Chapter 7 • Lesson 3
Page 84
1. 3
2. 1
3. 6
4. 0
5. 7
6. 2
7. 9
8. 4
9. 5
10. 6
11. 1
12. 64 ÷ 8 = 8; She should give each person 8 cherries.
13. Possible answer: Marta is splitting the cherries among a larger number of people, so each person will get fewer cherries.
14. 32 ÷ 8 = 4; He should put 4 seashells in each row.
Chapter 7 • Lesson 4
Page 85
1. 5
2. 0
3. 3
4. 2
5. 1
6. 7
7. 4
8. 7 × 9 = 63
9. 81 ÷ 9 = 9; He should place 9 bottles in each row.
10. 72 ÷ 9 = 8; they should put 8 books on each table.
11. Answers will vary, but the answer should have the quotient 6.
Chapter 7 • Lesson 5
Page 86
1. 10
2. 3
3. 6
4. 9
5. 4
6. 8
7. 0
8. 70 ÷ 10 = 7; It would replace this row 7 times.
9. 50 ÷ 10 = 5; She can buy 5 goldfish.
Chapter 7 • Lesson 6
Page 87
1. 5
2. 3
3. 9
4. 9
5. 8
6. 0
7. 8
8. 4
9. 7
10. 3
11. 6
12. 5
13. 1
14. 10
15. 49 ÷ 7 = 7; There are 7 students in each group.
Chapter 7 • Lesson 7
Page 88
1. Drawings will vary. m ÷ 8 = 9; 72 ÷ 8 = 9; The rope was 72 feet long.
2. Drawings will vary. 7 × m = 28; 7 × 4 = 28; Each piece of pipe is 4 feet long.
Chapter 7 • Lesson 8
Page 89
1. (67 + 83) + m = 248; 150 + m = 248; 248 − 150 = 98; It flew 98 miles on Wednesday.
2. 4 × 4 = 16 ants on a rock; 16 ÷ 2 = 8; There are 8 ants on the leaf.
Chapter 7 Test
Pages 90-91
1. 1
2. 5
3. 9
4. 4
5. 7
6. 9
7. 2
8. 6
9. 2
10. 7
11. 8
12. 0
13. 3
14. 1
15. 5
16. 1
17. 9
18. 6
19. 2 × 6 = 12
20. 42 ÷ 6 = 7 pounds; The dog would weigh less than a 10-pound bag of rice.
21. m ÷ 7 = 3; 21 ÷ 7 = 3; The breadstick was 21 inches long. Drawings will vary.
22. (35 + 18) + m = 84; 53 + m = 84; 84 − 53 = 31; The third camel drinks 31 gallons of water.
23. Possible answer: 321 is an odd number. A number that can be divided by 2 is always even.
24. Answers will vary, but the answer should have the quotient 6.
25. 56 ÷ 7 = 8; There are 8 of each color.
Chapter 8
Chapter 8 • Lesson 1
Page 92-93
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. The middle sentence should be circled.
9. 
The square should have 3 of its 4 boxes colored.
10. 
Chapter 8 • Lesson 2
Page 94
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 5 crayons should be in color
5. 1 pencil should be in color.
6. 3 spoons should be in color.
7. of the peppers are not yellow.
Chapter 8 • Lesson 3
Page 95
1. 
2. 
3. 
Chapter 8 • Lesson 4
Page 96
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
Chapter 8 • Lesson 5
Page 97
1. not equivalent
2. equivalent
Chapter 8 • Lesson 6
Page 98
1. 2
2. 4
3. Possible answer: The denominator is two times the numerator.
Chapter 8 • Lesson 7
Page 99
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
Chapter 8 • Lesson 8
Page 100
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 4
6. 3
7. 8
Chapter 8 • Lesson 9
Page 101
1. <
2. <
3. >
4. =
Chapter 8 • Lesson 10
Page 102
1. >
2. =
3. <
4. Possible answer: Christian has read more pages than Regina because 
5. 
Chapter 8 • Lesson 11
Page 103
1. John must eat 3 pieces.
2. Possible answer: Jennifer has written more because 
Chapter 8 Test
Pages 104-105
1. 
2.
3. 
4. 2 fish shaded
5. 1 kite shaded
6. 3 crayons shaded
7. 
Erik sees a red bird.
8. 
9. 
, 
, 
10. equivalent
11. not equivalent
12. 
13. 
14. 2
15. 8
16. 6
17. 1
18. =
19. >
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 • Lesson 1
Page 106
1. 4:11; four-eleven
2. 6:57; six fifty-seven
3. 8:28; eight twenty-eight
4. 2:01; one minute past two
Chapter 9 • Lesson 2
Page 107
1. 4 hours and 16 minutes
2. 7 hours and 45 minutes
3. 2 hours
4. 2:10
Chapter 9 • Lesson 3
Page 108
1. He started exercising at 5:30.
2. She should get ready at 6:30.
Chapter 9 • Lesson 4
Page 109
1. 240 mL
2. 10 L
3. 15 mL
4. 5 L
5. Estimates will vary; Answers will likely range between 200 and 330 mL.
6. Possible answer: He is not correct. Milliliters measure a smaller amount than liters. 750 mL is actually a smaller amount than 2 L.
Chapter 9 • Lesson 5
Page 110
1. 1 c
2. 1 gal
3. 1 gal
4. 1 c
5. 2 cups
Chapter 9 • Lesson 6
Page 111
1. 28 g
2. 30 kg
3. 12 g
4. 1 kg
5. Grape: Estimates will vary; Answers will likely be around 1 gram. Jar of Pickles: Estimates will vary; Answers will likely be around 400 grams.
Chapter 9 • Lesson 7
Page 112
1. 1 lb
2. 3 oz
3. 155 lb is the probable weight of an adult sheep.
4. 14 oz
5. They weigh the same because 16 ounces = 1 pound.
6. Estimates will vary; Answers will likely range between 1 and 2 pounds.
Chapter 9 • Lesson 8
Page 113
1. 1 + 3 = 4. She poured 4 liters in all.
2. (4 × 5) + 3 = 23 grams. The mass of the 5 coins is 23 grams.
3. 36 ÷ 4 = 9. She filled 9 fish bowls.
Chapter 9 Test Pages 114-115
1. 12:17
2. 5:55
3. 10:20
4. 3 hours and 15 minutes
5. 8 hours and 20 minutes
6. 2 hours and 50 minutes
7. Cameron started his chores at 12:50.
8. 5 mL
9. 300 mL
10. 3 L
11. 180 mL
12. 3 g
13. 100 kg
14. 170 g
15. 4 kg
16. Estimates will vary; Answers will vary and will depend on the object weighed.
17. 900 lb
18. 7 oz
19. 35 lb
20. 10 oz
21. 14 ÷ 2 = 7. He watered 7 plants.
Chapter 10
Chapter 10 • Lesson 1
Page 116
1. 
2. berries
3. 4 − 2 = 2; 2 more people chose nuts than raisins.
Chapter 10 • Lesson 2
Page 117
1. Ines
2. 14 − 10 = 4; Logan practices 4 fewer hours each month than Ines.
3. Logan
Chapter 10 • Lesson 3
Page 118
1. 
Chapter 10 • Lesson 4
Page 119
1. 13
2. 10 − 9 = 1; Hiroshi has lost 1 more tooth than Anka.
3. Eddie
Chapter 10 • Lesson 5
Page 120
1. 
Chapter 10 • Lesson 6
Page 121
1. 
2. 
Chapter 10 • Lesson 7
Page 122
1. 
2. 
Chapter 10 • Lesson 8
Page 123
1. The same number of students in each grade take flute.
2. Three more third graders take violin than fourth graders: 8 − 5 = 3.
Chapter 10 Test
Pages 124-125
1. 
2. 5 + 2 = 7 votes for carrots and broccoli; 3 + 2 = 5 votes for sweet potatoes and corn; Fewer people chose sweet potatoes and corn.
3. Alexis and Dean
4. 7 − 3 = 4; Ella sold 4 more tickets than Ramon.
5. DVDs
6. 60 − 50 = 10; LaVonne plays 10 fewer minutes outside than Brandon.
7. Brandon plays 20 more minutes outside than Jose. 60 − 40 = 20.
8. Jose spends more time playing outside. His bar is longer than Jenna’s.
9. 
10. 
Chapter 11
Chapter 11 • Lesson 1
Page 126
1. ray
2. line segment
3. angle
4. line
5. angle
6. line segment
Chapter 11 • Lesson 2
Page 127
1. rectangle
2. hexagon
3. pentagon
4. nonpolygon
5. polygon
6. nonpolygon
Chapter 11 • Lesson 3
Page 128
1. quadrilateral; parallelogram
2. quadrilateral; square
3. not quadrilateral
4. quadrilateral; square
5. not quadrilateral
6. quadrilateral; rectangle
Chapter 11 • Lesson 4
Page 129
Drawings will vary for Exercises 1 and 2 but should reflect the characteristics specified for the shapes.
1. 
2. 
3. check
4. no check
5. check
6. check
7. check
8. no check
Chapter 11 • Lesson 5
Page 130
1. C
2. A
3. B
Chapter 11 • Lesson 6
Page 131
1. yes
2. no
3. yes
4. yes
Chapter 11 • Lesson 7
Page 132
1. The bottom third of the 6th triangle is shaded.
The left-hand third of the 7th triangle is shaded.
2. 5
3. 22
4. cards to be arranged: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, the next three cards will be: 18, 21, 24
5. $6.10; $6.40; $6.20; Jay bought Choice C: 1 rectangle and 1 square frame: $3.25 + $2.95 = $6.20.
Chapter 11 Test
Pages 133-134
1. triangle
2. ray
3. 4
4. symmetry
5. line segment AB
6. rectangle
7. hexagon
8. angle DEF
9. ray GH
10. nonpolygon
11. no
12. no
13. yes
14. no
15. yes
16. no
17. nonpolygon
18. polygon
19. nonpolygon
20. rectangle
21. hexagon
22. parallelogram
23. quadrilateral; rectangle
24. not quadrilateral
25. quadrilateral; parallelogram
26. 
27. 21, 24, 27
28. 
Chapter 12
Chapter 12 • Lesson 1
Page 135
1. 10 square units
2. 4 square units
3. 8 square units
4. 3 square units
5. 3 square units
6. 13 square units
7. 30 square units
8. The rug has a greater area; 18 more square units than the table.
Chapter 12 • Lesson 2
Page 136
1. 2 × 6 = 12 square units
2. 5 × 3 = 15 square units
3. 7 × 2 = 14 square units
4. 3 × 2 = 6 square units
5. 9 × 3 = 27 square units
6. 2 × 2 = 4 square units
Chapter 12 • Lesson 3
Page 137
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 3 × 5 = 15 or 5 × 3 = 15
5. 5 × 7 = 35 or 7 × 5 = 35
6. 4 × 4 = 16
Chapter 12 • Lesson 4
Page 138
1. 4 × (4 + 4) = 32 square units
2. 3 × (2 + 4) = 18 square units
Chapter 12 • Lesson 5
Page 139
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
of the area is for rings.
The tray is divided into 8 equal parts. That means each part stands for 
of the area of the whole. One part is red. So of the area is for rings.
Chapter 12 • Lesson 6
Page 140
1. 16 cm
2. 15 ft
3. 4 m
4. 10 m
5. 4 in
6. 8 ft
Chapter 12 • Lesson 7
Page 141
1. green or 2nd rectangle
2. violet or first rectangle
Chapter 12 • Lesson 8
Page 142
1. No. The floor is 9 square units. Each square unit of blue carpeting costs $5.00; 9 × 5 = 45. The blue carpeting costs $45.00.
2. 9 × 3 = 27. She should buy the yellow carpeting.
Chapter 12 Test
Pages 143-144
1. 6 square units
2. 4 square units
3. 6 square units
4. 12 square units
5. 11 square units
6. 22 square units
7. 1 × 3 = 3 or 3 × 1 = 3
8. 5 × 5 = 25
9. 7 × 2 = 14 or 2 × 7 = 14
10. 4 × (2 + 2) = 16 square units should be circled
11. 6 × (3 + 4) = ?; (6 × 3) + (6 × 4) = ?; 18 + 24 = 42; Selma needs 42 stickers.
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 27 m
16. 8 cm
17. 26 ft
18. 5 m
19. 6 in
20. 3 ft
21. 5 × 2 = 10 square units; 10 × 8 = 80; She charged $80 for the painting.
Posttest
Pages 145-150
1. tens
2. hundred thousands
3. ones
4. hundreds
5. 646,009
6. 762
7. 38,511
8. 1,126
9. 37,999; 37,960; 36,848
10. 8,229; 8,209; 8,029
11. 5
12. any three of the following numbers: 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94
13. 828
14. 900
15. 616
16. 861
17. 615
18. 532
19. 1,227
20. 940
21. 5; 24; 22; 24
22. 17; 26; 15; 26
23. 86
24. 199
25. 577
26. 388
27. 397
28. 278
29. 364
30. 186
31. 89
32. 24
33. 12
34. 9
35. 30
36. 28
37. 10
38. 0
39. 49
40. 81
41. 60 dollars
42. 64 shells
43. Possible answer: Yes. You can multiply in any order and the product will not change.
44. 4
45. 3
46. 7
47. 9
48. 7
49. 8
50. 9
51. 9 classes
52. 7 flowers
53. 1 crayon is blue
54. 1 kite is green
55. 2 spoons are red
56. Farmer’s Market
57. 
58. 
59. 5:45
60. 9:15
61. 9:35
62. 4:35
63. 5 L
64. 15 ml
65. 4 L
66. 29
67. No, more students choose strawberries and cherries combined than bananas.
68. line segment
69. angle
70. ray
71. 8 feet
72. 4 inches
73. 50; 50