AHI. See Animal Health Institute
Air pollution caused by animal food production, 112, 126
Albini, Steve, 189
Alda, Alan, xxvi
ALEC. See American Legislative Exchange Council
Ambrose, Stephen, 162
American Egg Board, 200, 222, 223
American Legislative Exchange Council, 41–43
American Meat Institute, 20, 50
AMI. See American Meat Institute
Anhang, Jeff, 125
Animal antibiotics, regulation of, 60–62
Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act, 44
Animal foods
Cancer, 23, 28, 94–95, 193–197
Effects on human health, 105
Externalized costs related to animal food consumption, 107
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 105
Price elasticity of demand, 97–100, 204–205
Quality of protein, 27–28, 189
US consumption, 5, 20–2, 91–92, 96–100
Vitamin B12, obtaining, 191–192
Animal Health Institute, 104
AquaBounty Technologies, 56–58
Aquaculture. See Fish farming
Arthritis, 94
Baird, C. C., 40
Barnouin, Kim, 69
Beef
Cancer, 95
Hormones, 106
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 105
Price elasticity of demand, 98
Beef industry
American Meat Institute, 20, 50
Subsidies, xv
Berra, Yogi, 73
Bovine growth hormone. See Recombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST)
Broiler chickens, 77
E. coli, 103
Improvements in production, 74
Intelligence and personality, 225–227
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 105
Salmonella, 103
Slaughter methods, 37
Treatment in factory farms, 218
Willingness to pay to end inhumane treatment, 141
Bycatch
Dolphin losses, 146
Economic costs of, 158
Flatfish-related losses, 158
Leatherback turtle losses, 145–146
Nontarget, valuable species losses, 147
Shrimp-related losses, 147
Target species juvenile losses, 147
Worldwide total losses, 147
CAFOs. See Factory farms
Cage-free eggs
Denial of hens' urge to roost and dust-bathe, 225–227
Partial beak amputation, 218–220
Calcitriol, 195
Calcium and bone health, 194–196
Campbell, T. Colin, 12–13, 28, 194
Cancer
Annual US health care cost, 107–108
Incidence in US, 90
Incidence related to animal food production, 96
Carter, Charles, Jr., 112
Cataracts, 94
Cattle
California “Happy Cows” lawsuit, 22–23
Hormones, 106
Improvements in dairy production, 74
Methane generation, 119
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 105
Production and water use, 118–119
Treatment in factory farms, 22–23, 47–52, 217
Willingness to pay to end zero grazing, 141
Center for Food Safety, 58
CFE. See Customary Farming Exemptions
Charles, Prince of Wales, 117
Checkoff programs, 3–8, 14–15, 174, 207
Chicken meat
Health effects, 17, 92, 94, 103, 105
Heart disease, 92
Historical price movement, 96–97
Price elasticity of demand, 205
Treatment of broiler chickens, 218
Chickens. See either Hens (egg-producing) or Broiler chickens (meat-producing)
Children and animal food consumption, 106, 193, 196–198
Cholesterol
Animal foods, xx, 12, 93, 140, 197
Consumption guidelines, 101–102
Different effect of plant- and animal-based diets, 167
No human need for dietary consumption of, 101
Cigarettes
Effect of taxes on demand, 169–171
Price elasticity of demand, 96
Clark, Daniel, 40
Clean Air Act, 129
Clean Water Act, 129
Cohen, Stanley, 24
Colbert, Stephen, 21
Colony Collapse Disorder, 123–124
Commonsense Consumption Act. See Cheeseburger laws
Compassion by the Pound, 134
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, 129
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs). See Factory farms
Controlled molting. See Forced molting
Cows. See Cattle
Crohn's, 94
Customary Farming Exemptions, 36–38
Dairy
Health effects, generally, 192–198
Price elasticity of demand, 205
Recombinant bovine somatotropin, 59–60
Treatment of cows in factory farms, 22–23
Dairy industry
Influence in research process, 9–11
National Dairy Council, 13, 28
Davis, Karen, 226
Dealing Dogs, 40
Debeak. See Partial beak amputation
Defamation laws, 38
Demand
Effect of price increase on, 96–100
Demand elasticity. See Price elasticity of demand
Descartes, René, 136
Dew, Thomas, 181
Diabetes
Annual US health care cost, 107
Incidence related to animal food production, 96
Dickens, Charles, 213
Dirksen, Everett, xxv
E. coli, 65–66, 103, 105, 107, 112
Eggs
Denial of hens' urge to roost and dust-bathe, 225–227
Improvements in production, 74
Partial beak amputation, 218–220
Plant-based substitutes, 143
Price elasticity of demand, 98, 205
Production and water use, 118–119
Treatment of laying hens in factory farms, 218–228
Elasticity of demand. See Price elasticity of demand
Environmental Protection Agency
Administrator Stephen L. Johnson, 128
Deficiencies in enforcing green laws against factory farms, 128–129
EPA. See Environmental Protection Agency
Esselstyn, Caldwell, 178
Eutrophication, 153
Evans, Chris, 225
Externalized costs of animal food production
Air pollution, 126
Animal cruelty, 141
Antibiotics, 107
Bycatch, 158
Climate change, 125
Diabetes, 107
E. coli, 107
Effect of proposed Meat Tax, 166, 176
Electricity generation, 76, 113
Heart disease, 107
Pesticides and fertilizers, 125–126
Salmonella, 107
Externalized costs of fruit and vegetable production, 78
Factory farms
Broiler chickens, treatment, 218
Cattle, treatment, 22–23, 47–52, 217
Denial of hens' urge to roost and dust-bathe, 225–227
Effect on local communities, 83–84
Effect on tax revenues, 84
Laying hens, treatment, 218–228
Partial beak amputation, 218–220
Veal calves, treatment, 216
Willingness to pay to end inhumane practices, 141
Factory fishing
Bycatch, 147
Jevons Paradox, 155
Longlining, 146
Trawling, 146
Faison, F. J. “Sonny,” 214–215
FDA. See Food and Drug Administration
Fedoroff, Nina, 113
Fish
Blindness caused by fish farming, 158
Capacity to feel fear and anxiety, 137–138
Capacity to feel pain, 136–137
Health effects, generally, 200–201
Polychlorinated biphenyls content, 140, 200–201
Stress related to tight stocking density, 138–139
Susceptibility to parasitic infection, 138–139
Willingness to pay to end inhumane treatment, 141
Fish farming
Escapes harming wild populations, 153
In US, 157
Jevons Paradox, 155
University of Maryland, 150
Waste generation, 153
Willingness to pay to end inhumane practices, 141
Fishing subsidies, 148
Food and Drug Administration
Bovine growth hormone (rBST), 59–60
Regulation of animal antibiotics, 60–62
Scope of responsibility for animal foods, 56
Francione, Gary, 178
Freedman, Rory, 169
Frost, Robert, xxi
Galbraith, John Kenneth, xiii
Godwin, Jerry, 214
Goldfish, capacity to feel fear and anxiety, 137–138
Goodland, Robert, 125
Gottleib, Robert, 180
Gout, 94
Government speech, 6
Grandin, Temple, 47
Ground beef
Cholesterol content, 93
E. coli, 103
HAACP. See Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points
Halal, 47
Historical price movement, 74
Harkin, Tom, 129
Hayes, Rutherford B., 164
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points, 65
Heart disease
Annual US health care cost, 107
Chicken consumption, 92
Incidence in US, 90
Incidence related to animal food production, 96
Hens
Consumer willingness to pay to move to free-range system, 141
Improvements in production, 74
Inability to roost in factory farms, 225–227
Intelligence and personality, 225–227
Partial beak amputation, 218–226
Salmonella, 103
Slaughter methods, 37
Treatment in factory farms, generally, 218–228
HMSA. See Humane Methods of Slaughter Act
Hogs. See Pigs
Hormones in beef and dairy, effects on human health, 106
Hughes, Arthur, 49
Humane Methods of Slaughter Act, 24, 47–50, 52
Humane Society of the United States, 44, 49, 227
IMTA. See Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture
Incidental taking. See Bycatch
Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture, 150–151
Iron, 191
Jefferson, Thomas, 53
Jevons Paradox, 155
Johnson, Jewel, 224
Johnson, Stephen L., 128
Joshi, Anupama, 180
Joy, Melanie, xxiii
Kashrut, 47
Katz, Theodore, 62
Kimbrell, Andrew, 58
Kosher meat, 47
Kourda, Dina, 184
Laws affecting animal food production
Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act, 44
Clean Air Act, 129
Clean Water Act, 129
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, 129
Customary Farming Exemptions, 36
Defamation laws, 38
Endangered Species Act, 145
Humane Methods of Slaughter Act, 24, 47–50, 52
LCA. See Life Cycle Assessment
Lewis, John, 169
Life Cycle Assessment
New Zealand lamb and powdered milk, 122
Lobbying
Cash donations and influence, 33–34
Regulatory influence, 61–62, 66, 68
Local production of animal foods, 121–123
Longevity of vegans and omnivores, 95
Lovitz, Dara, 43
Marine ecosystem services, 159
McConnell, Mitch, 42
McCrary, Jeffrey, 156
McLuhan, Marshall, xxvi
McWilliams, James, 122, 130–132
Mead, Margaret, 184
Meat Tax, proposed
Tax credit, 173
Meat, plant-based, 168
Mencken, H. L., 14
Mercy for Animals, 51
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 105
Mill, John Stuart, 182
Miller, Gregory, 10–11, 14, 28
Miller, Peter, 123
MRSA. See Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
National Academies' Institute of Medicine, 101
National Restaurant Association, 41
New River manure spill, 111–112
Norwood, F. Bailey, 134, 140–141
Obesity
Effect of animal foods, 167
Low-income consumers, 175
Percentage of Americans affected, xxii, 8
US rate compared to rest of world, 95
Oppenlander, Richard, 116
Organic Consumers Association, 69
Organic production of animal foods
Baby food containing neurotoxin, 67
Pasturing requirement for ruminants, 67–68
Oski, Frank A., 198
Overpeck, Jonathan, 125
Painter, Stanley, 50
Partial beak amputation, 218–220
Pascal, Blaise, 148
PCBs. See Polychlorinated biphenyls
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 22–23
Pesticides, 78, 118, 124–126, 129
Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, 23, 64
Pigou, Arthur, 169
Pigovian tax
Pigs
Consumer willingness to pay to move to shelter pasture system, 141
Intelligence and personality, 213–214
Treatment in factory farms, 213–214
Pimentel, David, 130
Plant-based diet
Indicated by human anatomy, 190–191
Omega-3 fatty acids, obtaining, 201
Quality of protein, 27–28, 189–190
Substitutes for meat and dairy, 98, 143, 168
Vitamin B12, obtaining, 191–192
Pollan, Michael, xix, 114–115, 224
Polychlorinated biphenyls, 68, 140, 160, 200–201
Pork
Children, 20
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 105
Pork industry
National Pork Producers Council, 16
Subsidies, xv
Potter, Will, 43
Price elasticity of demand
Animal foods generally, 97–100, 204–205
Beef, 98
Chicken meat, 205
Cigarettes, 96
Coca-Cola, 98
Dairy, 205
Soft drinks, 98
Weighted average for all animal foods, 99, 172, 205
Protein
Animal-based, as cause of cancer, 28, 194
Origin of recommended consumption levels, 29–30
Production and water use, 118–120
Quantities in plant foods, 25–28
rBST. See Recombinant bovine somatotropin
Recombinant bovine somatotropin, 59–60
Red meat
Cancer, 95
Rees, William, 123
Regulatory capture, xvii, 58–59, 70, 133
Rivera-Ferre, Marta, 99
Robbins, John, 216
Rodemeyer, Tracy, 20
Rohrabacher, Dana, 31
Rose, James, 134
Runkle, Nathan, 51
Salatin, Joel, 117
Salmon
Fish farm escapes and wild populations, 153
Sea lice, generally, 152
Sea lice, harm to wild populations, 152
Stress related to sea lice, 139
Stress related to tight stocking density, 138
Susceptibility to parasitic infection, 138, 152
Unsustainability of farming operations in Sweden's coastal waters, 156
Salmonella,
Externalized costs related to animal food consumption, 107
Sarcopenia, 25
Saturated fat
Consumption guidelines, 101–102
No human need for dietary consumption of, 101
US consumption of, xx, 8, 91, 102
Seng, Joe, 39
Siri-Tarino, Patty, 11–13, 20, 198
Slaughter methods
Chickens, 37
Halal, 47
Kashrut, 47
Kosher, 47
Smithfield Foods Inc., 180–181
Soil erosion caused by animal food production, 124–125
Sowell, Thomas, 177
Sows. See Pigs
Stanger, Janice, 190
Stigler, George, 58
Subsidies to animal food production
As cause of factory farms' rise, 83–84
Distortion of market forces, 81–83
Effects on developing nations, 84–85
Effects on taxpayers, 88
Fishing, 148
Reform, proposed, 175
Supply management, 82
Supply-driven forces, 96, 100, 116, 145, 155, 159, 164
Sussman, Robert, 192
Sustainability of animal food production, 117–121
Climate change, 125
Swine. See Pigs
Tax on animal foods. See Meat Tax, proposed
Tax credit, proposed, 173
Tobacco industry, xx-xxi, 109, 177
Torell, Ron, 135
Trout
Capacity to feel pain, 136–137
Stocking density in fish farms, 138–139
Stress related to tight stocking density, 138–139
Unsustainability of farming operations in Sweden's coastal waters, 156
Tuttle, Will, xix
US Department of Agriculture
Cholesterol guidelines, 63, 79
Enforcement of Humane Methods of Slaughter Act, deficiencies in executing, 48–50
Food Safety and Inspection Service, 52
Inability to issue mandatory recall, 66
Inherent conflicts of interest, 62–69
Inspection duties, deficiencies in executing, 48–50
Involvement in checkoff programs, 6
Labeling duties, deficiencies in executing, 66–68
Office of Inspector General, 65, 66
Reduction in subsidy payments, proposed, 175
Reform, proposed, 174
Reminded by Congress to enforce Humane Methods of Slaughter Act, 49
Revolving door of industry personnel, 68–69
Saturated fat guidelines, 101–102
Scope of responsibility for animal foods, 56
Secretary Tom Vilsack, 17, 68–69
United Poultry Concerns, 222, 226
Unruh, Jesse “Big Daddy”, 33
USDA. See US Department of Agriculture
Vanderbilt, William, 52
Veal calves, treatment in factory farms, 216
Vegetables, quality of protein, 198–200
Voit, Carl von, 29
Warhol, Andy, 166
Water pollution caused by animal food production, 126–127
Wilde, Oscar, 114
Wilson, Woodrow, 163
Wordsworth, William, 184
Wynn, Steve, 109