27:51 The veil was the thick curtain between the Holy Place and the Holy of Holies (see Heb. 6:19; 9:3; 10:20). The fact that it was torn in two from top to bottom indicates that this was not an act of man. Jesus’ death opens the way to the presence of God and puts an end to the OT temple and sacrificial systems.
27:52, 53 Evidently the earthquake opened the tombs; and at the moment of Jesus’ death, the bodies of OT righteous saints were raised (see Is. 26:19). The act symbolizes Jesus’ victory over death. Following Jesus’ resurrection, these saints testified to His victory over death in the holy city.
27:54 Son of God: This confession of Jesus’ divinity by Gentile soldiers is a fitting climax to the Crucifixion narrative, in that preparation is made for the charge to evangelize “all the nations” (28:19).
27:57 See note on John 19:38, 39.
27:60 Rock tombs, common in that area, were normally closed by means of a large stone rolled into the mouth of the hollow.
27:62 The Day of Preparation was Friday. In visiting Pilate the next day the Jewish leaders violated their own rules concerning the Sabbath.
27:64 The presence of a Roman guard refutes the later assertion that Jesus’ disciples stole His body (28:11–15).
28:2 The stone was rolled away, not that Jesus might escape, but that witnesses might see the evidence of an empty tomb. See Luke 24:2–4 text and note.
28:10 Note the fulfillment of 26:32.
28:13 The deception was absurd. If the guards were asleep, how did they know what had happened? It is manifest that the opponents are not at all concerned with the truth of the event, but with the effect of a rumor upon the people (27:64).
28:17 Though some doubted, it is important to note that the church’s “Great Commission” is born in a context of worship.
28:18–20 See section 6 of Truth-In-Action through the Synoptics at the end of Luke.
28:18 The humiliated Servant is now the exalted Lord, having received the authority promised in Dan. 7:14.
28:19 While Jesus’ ministry had been to Israel (see 10:5, 6), proclamation of and adherence to His lordship is extended to all the nations through the Spirit-empowered ministry of His church (see text and note on Acts 1:7, 8). Disciples are to acknowledge openly their allegiance to Christ by the seal of water baptism, which is ministered under the authority of the entire godhead.
28:20 The content of the apostles’ future teaching will stem from what Jesus had commanded them. Jesus assures them of His constant presence as they go on their divinely commanded mission.
CHAPTER 1
1 Lit. generation
* See WW at Phil. 4:23.
* See WW at 2 Tim. 4:22.
1 Words in italic type have been added for clarity. They are not found in the original Greek.
1 NU Asaph
1 NU Amos
1 Or Coniah or Jehoiachin
1 an upright
1 Lit. begotten
a [Is. 7:14; 9:6, 7]; Luke 1:31; 2:21
b Luke 2:11; John 1:29; [Acts 4:12; 5:31; 13:23, 38; Rom. 5:18, 19; Col. 1:20–23]
1 Lit. Savior
* See WW at John 12:13.
1 Words in oblique type in the New Testament are quoted from the Old Testament.
1 Kept her a virgin
2 NU a Son
CHAPTER 2
1 Gr. magoi
b [Num. 24:17; Is. 60:3]
* See WW at Luke 24:38.
b Gen. 49:10; [Rev. 2:27]
1 Gr. magoi
a [Job 33:15, 16]; Matt. 1:20
a Matt. 2:12, 13, 19
a Luke 1:26; 2:39; John 1:45, 46
CHAPTER 3
a Matt. 3:1–12; Mark 1:3–8; Luke 3:2–17; John 1:6–8, 19–28
a Dan. 2:44; Mal. 4:6; Matt. 4:17; Mark 1:15; Luke 1:17; 10:9; 11:20; 21:31
a Is. 40:3; Luke 3:4; John 1:23
a 2 Kin. 1:8; Zech. 13:4; Matt. 11:8; Mark 1:6
* See WW at Matt. 21:25.
a John 8:33; Acts 13:26; [Rom. 4:1, 11, 16; Gal. 3:29]
a [Ps. 92:12–14]; Matt. 7:19; Luke 13:7, 9; [John 15:6]
a Mark 1:4, 8; Luke 3:16; John 1:26; Acts 1:5
b [Is. 4:4; John 20:22; Acts 2:3, 4; 1 Cor. 12:13]
1 M omits and fire
a Matt. 3:13–17; Mark 1:9–11; Luke 3:21, 22; John 1:31–34
* See WW at 2 Tim. 4:8.
b [Is. 11:2]; Luke 3:22; John 1:32; Acts 7:56
1 Or he
b Ps. 2:7; Is. 42:1; Mark 1:11; Luke 1:35; 9:35; Col. 1:13
CHAPTER 4
a Matt. 4:1–11; Mark 1:12; Luke 4:1
a Neh. 11:1, 18; Dan. 9:24; Matt. 27:53
1 test
a [Matt. 16:26; 1 John 2:15–17]
a Deut. 6:13; 10:20; Josh. 24:14
1 M Get behind Me
b Matt. 26:53; Luke 22:43; [Heb. 1:14]
a Matt. 14:3; Mark 1:14; Luke 3:20; John 4:43
1 has drawn near
a Matt. 4:18–22; Mark 1:16–20; Luke 5:2–11; John 1:40–42
b Matt. 10:2; 16:18; John 1:40–42
b [Matt. 24:14]
1 Lit. the report of Him
* See WW at 2 Cor. 5:14.
* See WW at Matt. 12:22.
1 Lit. Ten Cities
CHAPTER 5
a [Matt. 7:29]
* See WW at Rev. 18:11.
1 Or land
* See WW at Matt. 21:5.
* See WW at Matt. 15:33.
a Luke 6:23; Acts 5:41; 1 Pet. 4:13, 14
b 2 Chr. 36:16; Neh. 9:26; Matt. 23:37; Acts 7:52; 1 Thess. 2:15; Heb. 11:35–37; James 5:10
a [Prov. 4:18; John 8:12]; Phil. 2:15
* See WW at John 18:36.
a Mark 4:21; Luke 8:16; Phil. 2:15
1 Gr. iota, Heb. yod, the smallest letter
2 The smallest stroke in a Heb. letter
a [James 2:10]
1 in ancient times
a [1 John 3:15]
b [James 2:20; 3:6]
1 NU omits without a cause
2 Lit., in Aram., Empty head
3 Gr. More
4 Gr. Gehenna
* See WW at Rev. 12:17.
* See WW at Rev. 22:20.
* See WW at Matt. 22:21.
1 NU, M omit to those of old
* See WW at Matt. 13:17.
1 Lit. stumble or offend
1 Lit. stumble or offend
a [Luke 16:18]
1 Or fornication
1 ancient times
1 Lit. your word be yes yes
* See WW at John 10:10.
a Ex. 21:24; Lev. 24:20; Deut. 19:21
* See WW at John 14:16.
* See WW at Acts 20:35.
b [Rom. 12:20]
1 NU But I say to you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you
* See WW at Matt. 1:19.
1 M friends
2 NU Gentiles
CHAPTER 6
* See WW at Philem. 15.
1 NU omits openly
* See WW at Matt. 22:21.
* See WW at 1 Cor. 11:19.
1 pretenders
1 NU omits openly
* See WW at John 10:36.
* See WW at Matt. 12:50.
a [Matt. 18:21, 22]
a [2 Pet. 2:9]
* See WW at Matt. 28:20.
1 pretenders
1 NU, M omit openly
1 Clear, or healthy
1 Evil, or unhealthy
b [Gal. 1:10; 1 Tim. 6:17; James 4:4; 1 John 2:15]
1 Lit., in Aram., riches
a [Ps. 55:22]; Luke 12:22; [Phil. 4:6; 1 Pet. 5:7]
* See WW at Luke 21:19.
a Job 38:41; Ps. 147:9; Matt. 10:29; Luke 12:24
1 About 18 inches
2 height
1 dressed
* See WW at Matt. 8:26.
a 1 Kin. 3:13; Luke 12:31; [1 Tim. 4:8]
* See WW at Matt. 6:25.
CHAPTER 7
a Matt. 7:1–5; Luke 6:37; Rom. 14:3; [1 Cor. 4:3, 4]
1 Condemn
* See WW at John 18:31.
1 Condemnation
a [Matt. 21:22; Mark 11:24]; Luke 11:9–13; 18:1–8; [John 15:7; James 1:5, 6; 1 John 3:22]
a Gen. 6:5; 8:21; Ps. 84:11; Is. 63:7; [Rom. 8:32; James 1:17]; 1 John 3:1
b Matt. 22:40; Rom. 13:8; Gal. 5:14; [1 Tim. 1:5]
1 NU, M How narrow … !
2 confined
a Deut. 13:3; Jer. 23:16; Ezek. 22:28; Mark 13:22; [Luke 6:26]; Rom. 16:17; Eph. 5:6; [Col. 2:8; 2 Pet. 2:1; 1 John 4:1–3]
a [2 Tim. 2:19]
CHAPTER 8
* See WW at Matt. 12:22.
a [Matt. 21:43]
a Matt. 8:14–16; Mark 1:29–31; Luke 4:38, 39
1 NU, M Him
a Matt. 8:19–22; Luke 9:57, 58
1 Lit. What sort of Man is this
1 NU Gadarenes
* See WW at 2 Tim. 3:1.
1 NU send us into
CHAPTER 9
1 NU were afraid
1 NU omits to repentance
* See WW at 2 Tim. 1:16.
* See WW at James 5:20.
1 NU brackets often as disputed.
1 Lit. sons of the bridechamber
* See WW at Rev. 18:11.
1 Lit. that which is put on
1 burst
* See WW at 2 Cor. 5:17.
b Num. 15:38; Deut. 22:12; Matt. 14:36; 23:5; Mark 6:56
a Matt. 9:29; 15:28; Mark 5:34; 10:52; Luke 7:50; 8:48; 17:19; 18:42
b 2 Chr. 35:25; Jer. 9:17; 16:6; Ezek. 24:17
a Matt. 4:24; Mark 1:28, 45; Luke 4:14, 37; 5:15; 7:17
b Matt. 15:22; Mark 10:47; Luke 18:38, 39
* See WW at John 11:38.
1 Lit. made Him known
2 Lit. land
a Matt. 12:24; Mark 3:22; Luke 11:15; John 7:20
1 NU omits among the people
b Num. 27:17; 1 Kin. 22:17; Ezek. 34:5; Zech. 10:2; Mark 6:34
1 NU, M harassed
* See WW at Matt. 14:14.
a [Matt. 28:19, 20; Eph. 4:11, 12]; 2 Thess. 3:1
CHAPTER 10
* See WW at 1 Cor. 12:28.
1 NU omits Lebbaeus, whose surname was
b Matt. 26:14; Luke 22:3; John 13:2, 26
1 NU Cananaean
b 2 Kin. 17:24; Luke 9:52; 10:33; 17:16; John 4:9
1 has drawn near
1 NU raise the dead, cleanse the lepers
2 M omits raise the dead
a Luke 10:7; [1 Cor. 9:4–14]; 1 Tim. 5:18
* See WW at Matt. 5:22.
1 innocent
a Luke 12:11, 12; 21:14, 15
* See WW at Matt. 6:25.
* See WW at Matt. 24:13.
b [Mark 13:10]
1 NU, M Beelzebul; a Philistine deity, 2 Kin. 1:2, 3
* See WW at John 12:46.
1 Gr. Gehenna
1 Gr. assarion, a coin worth about 11/1616 of a denarius
a [Luke 12:49]
1 alienate a man from
* See WW at John 21:15.
CHAPTER 11
1 NU sent by his
* See WW at 1 Thess. 4:17.
a Mal. 4:5; Matt. 17:10–13; Mark 9:11–13; Luke 1:17; John 1:21
a Matt. 13:9; Luke 8:8; Rev. 2:7, 11, 17, 29; 3:6, 13
1 Lit. beat your breast
1 wine drinker
2 NU works
* See WW at John 11:11.
* See WW at Matt. 12:37.
a Is. 14:13; Lam. 2:1; Ezek. 26:20; 31:14; 32:18, 24
1 NU will you be exalted to heaven? No, you will be
* See WW at James 4:10.
b Ps. 8:2; 1 Cor. 1:19; [2 Cor. 3:14]
a Matt. 28:18; Luke 10:22; John 3:35; 13:3; 1 Cor. 15:27
* See WW at Rev. 14:13.
a [John 13:15]; Eph. 4:2; [Phil. 2:5; 1 Pet. 2:21; 1 John 2:6]
1 meek
* See WW at 2 Cor. 7:6.
a [1 John 5:3]
CHAPTER 12
a Ex. 31:15; 35:2; 1 Sam. 21:6
* See WW at Mark 13:14.
1 desecrate
a [2 Chr. 6:18; Is. 66:1, 2; Mal. 3:1]; Matt. 12:41, 42
a [1 Sam. 15:22; Hos. 6:6; Mic. 6:6–8]; Matt. 9:13
1 NU, M omit even
a Ps. 2:2; Matt. 27:1; Mark 3:6; [Luke 6:11]; John 5:18; 10:39; 11:53
1 NU brackets multitudes as disputed.
* See WW at 1 Cor. 11:19.
* See WW at Rom. 16:20.
a Matt. 9:32; [Mark 3:11]; Luke 11:14, 15
1 NU omits blind and
a Matt. 9:34; Mark 3:22; Luke 11:15
1 NU, M Beelzebul, a Philistine deity
a Matt. 9:4; John 2:25; Rev. 2:23
a [Dan. 2:44; 7:14; Luke 1:33]; 11:20; [17:20, 21; 1 John 3:8]
a Mark 3:28–30; Luke 12:10; [Heb. 6:4–6; 10:26, 29; 1 John 5:16]
a Matt. 11:19; 13:55; John 7:12, 52
a Matt. 7:16–18; Luke 6:43, 44; [John 15:4–7]
b 1 Sam. 24:13; Is. 32:6; [Matt. 15:18]; Luke 6:45; Eph. 4:29; [James 3:2–12]
1 Offspring
1 NU, M omit of his heart
a Matt. 16:1; Mark 8:11; Luke 11:16; John 2:18; 1 Cor. 1:22
a Is. 57:3; Matt. 16:4; Mark 8:38; [Luke 11:29–32]; John 4:48
a Jon. 1:17; Luke 24:46; Acts 10:40; 1 Cor. 15:4
b Jer. 3:11; Ezek. 16:51; [Rom. 2:27]
a 1 Kin. 10:1–13; 2 Chr. 9:1; Luke 11:31
b [Job 1:7; 1 Pet. 5:8]
* See WW at Matt. 25:7.
a Mark 5:9; Luke 11:26; [Heb. 6:4–8; 10:26; 2 Pet. 2:20–22]
b Matt. 13:55; Mark 6:3; John 2:12; 7:3, 5; Acts 1:14; 1 Cor. 9:5; Gal. 1:19
a Matt. 13:55, 56; John 2:12; Acts 1:14
a John 20:17; [Rom. 8:29]
a John 15:14; [Gal. 5:6; 6:15; Col. 3:11; Heb. 2:11]
CHAPTER 13
a Matt. 13:1–15; Mark 4:1–12; Luke 8:4–10
1 secret or hidden truths
* See WW at 1 Thess. 5:20.
1 NU, M would
* See WW at 1 Thess. 4:17.
a [Acts 14:22]
* See WW at John 16:33.
* See WW at Matt. 11:6.
* See WW at 1 Pet. 5:7.
a [John 15:5]; Phil. 1:11; Col. 1:6
a [Is. 2:2, 3; Mic. 4:1]; Mark 4:30; Luke 13:18, 19
a Ps. 104:12; Ezek. 17:22–24; 31:3–9; Dan. 4:12
b [1 Cor. 5:6; Gal. 5:9]
1 Gr. sata, same as a Heb. seah; approximately 2 pecks in all
a Mark 4:33, 34; John 10:6; 16:25
b Rom. 16:25, 26; 1 Cor. 2:7; Eph. 3:9; Col. 1:26
a Matt. 24:14; 28:19; Mark 16:15; Luke 24:47; Rom. 10:18; Col. 1:6
b Gen. 3:15; John 8:44; Acts 13:10
* See WW at Matt. 4:11.
* See WW at Matt. 16:23.
a Matt. 3:12; Rev. 19:20; 20:10
a [Dan. 12:3; 1 Cor. 15:42, 43, 58]
a Prov. 2:4; 3:14, 15; 8:10, 19
1 NU omits Jesus said to them
2 NU omits Lord
1 A scholar of the Old Testament
2 Or for
a Ps. 22:22; Matt. 2:23; Mark 6:1; Luke 4:16; John 7:15
a Is. 49:7; Mark 6:3; [Luke 3:23]; John 6:42
1 NU Joseph
a Matt. 11:6; Mark 6:3, 4
a Mark 6:5, 6; John 5:44, 46, 47
CHAPTER 14
a Matt. 4:12; Mark 6:17; Luke 3:19, 20
a Matt. 10:23; 12:15; Mark 6:32–44; Luke 9:10–17; John 6:1, 2
* See WW at Matt. 15:33.
1 invited, strongly urged
1 NU many furlongs away from the land
* See WW at 1 John 4:18.
a Acts 23:11; 27:22, 25, 36
1 Take courage
2 Lit. I am
1 NU brackets that and boisterous as disputed.
* See WW at Matt. 8:26.
1 NU omits came and
1 NU to land at
CHAPTER 15
a [Deut. 5:16]
1 NU omits or mother
2 NU word
a Ps. 78:36; Is. 29:13; Ezek. 33:31
1 NU omits draw near to Me with their mouth, And
a Is. 29:13; [Col. 2:18–22]; Titus 1:14
a [Acts 10:15; Rom. 14:14, 17, 20; 1 Tim. 4:4; Titus 1:15]
* See WW at Matt. 11:6.
a [Is. 60:21; 61:3; John 15:2; 1 Cor. 3:12, 13]
a Is. 9:16; Mal. 2:8; Matt. 23:16, 24; Luke 6:39; Rom. 2:19
a [1 Cor. 6:13]
a [Matt. 12:34]; Mark 7:20; [James 3:6]
a Gen. 6:5; 8:21; Prov. 6:14; Jer. 17:9; Mark 7:21; [Rom. 1:29–32; Gal. 5:19–21]
a Matt. 10:5, 6; [Rom. 15:8]