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CHAPTER 1

1. Bellanti M.D., Joseph A., Immunology III, 2nd Ed., Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 1985.

2. Claude Bennet M.D., J.; Smith Jr. M.D., Lloyd H.; and Wyngaarden M.D., James B., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th Ed., Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 1992, pp. 1798–1806.

3. Cotran M.D., Ramzi S.; Kumar M.D., Vinay; Robbins M.D., Stanley L.; Schoen M.D. Ph.D., Frederick J., Robbins: Pathologic Basis of Disease, 5th Ed., Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 1994, pp. 315–319.

4. Claude Bennet M.D., J. Smith Jr. M.D., Lloyd H. and Wyngaarden M.D., James B., Cecil Textbooks of Medicine, 19th Ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Sanders Company, 1992, pg. 1801–1804.

CHAPTER 2

1. Fishbach F., A Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, 4th Ed., Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1992, pp. 25–39.

2. Schauf, C. et al. Human Physiology. St. Louis, Missouri: Times Mirror/Mosby College Publishing, 1990.

3. Claude Bennet M.D., J. Smith Jr. M.D., Lloyd H.; and Wyngaarden M.D., James B., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th Ed., Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 1992, p. 1799.

CHAPTER 3

1. Farnsworth N. et al., “Medicinal plants in therapy,” Bull World Health Org., 63, 1985, pp. 965–981.

2. Stengler, M., The Natural Physician. Burnaby, Canada: Alive Books, 1997, p. 154.

3. Murray, M. T. Better Nutrition. December 1998 p. 12.

4. Whole Foods Natural Herbal Sales Survey, October 1998 pp. 19–20.

5. Hobbs, Christopher., Echinacea: The Immune Herb, Santa Cruz: Botanica Press. 1990, p.12.

6. Bauer, R., and Wagner, H., “Echinacea species as potential immunostimulatory drugs,” Econ Med Plant Res 5. 1991 pp. 288–289.

7. Schoenberger, D., “The influence of immune stimulating effects of a pressed juice from Echinacea purpurea on the course and severity of colds,” results of a double-blind study, Forum Immunologie 8, 1992 pp. 2–12.

8. Hoheisel, O.; Sandberg, M.; Bertram, S., et al., “Echinagard treatment shortens the course of the common cold: a double blind placebo controlled clinical trial.” Eur J Clin Res 9. 1997 pp. 261–268.

9. Brauning, B. et al., “Echinacea purpurea radix for strengthening the immune response in flu like infections,” Zeit Phytother 12, 1992, pp. 7–13.

10. Jurcic, K. et al., “Two test subject studies for the stimulation of granulocyte phagocytosis by echinacea-containing preparations.” Zeit Phytother 10(2), 1989 pp. 67–70, .

11. Berg, A. et al. “Influence of Echinacin (EC31) treatment on the exercise-induced immune response in athletes,” J. Clin Res 1, 1998, pp. 367–380.

12. Ondrizek, R. R. et al., “Inhibition of human sperm mortility by specific herbs used in alternative medicine.” J Assist Reprod. Genet 16. Feb. 1999, pp. 87–91.

13. Bensky, D., and Gamble, A., Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica, Rev. Ed. Seattle: Eastland Press, 1993. pp. 319–320.

14. Huang, Z.Q.; Qin, N. P.; Ye, W., “Effect of Astragalus membranaceus on T-lymphocyte subsets among patients with viral myocarditis.” Chung Kuo Chung HSI I Chich Ho Tsa Chih 15. 1995, pp. 328–330.

15. Zhao, K.W., and Kong H.Y., “Effect of Astragalan on secretion of tumor necrosis factor in human peripheral mononuclear cells,” Chung Kuo Chung HSI I Chich Ho Tsa Chih 13. pp. 263–265, 1993.

16. Wang, Y.; Qian X. J.; Hadley, H. R.; Lau, B. H., “Phytochemicals potentiate interleukin 2 generated lymphokine activated killer cell cytotoxicity against morine renal cell carcinoma,” Mol Biother 4, 1992, pp. 143–46.

17. Chu, D. T.; Lin, J. R.; Wong W. “The in vitro potentiation of LAK cell cytotoxicty in cancer and AIDS patients induced by F-3-a fractionated extract of Astragalus membranaceus.” Chung Hua Chung Liu Tsa Chih 16, 1994 pp. 167–171.

18. Chang, H. M., and P. Hui-Hay But, Pharmacology and Applications of Chinese Materia Medica, Vol. 1, Singapore: World Scientific, 1986.

19. Hobbs, C. Medicinal Mushrooms. Loveland, Colorado: Botanica Press, 1998, pp. 96–107.

20. Walker, Morton, “Antimicrobial Attributes of Olive Leaf Extract,” Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients, July 1996, No. 156, pp. 80–85.

21. Abe, N. Ebina, T.; and Ishida, N., “Interferon induction by glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid in mice,” Microbial Immunol 26, 1982, pp. 535–539.

22. Pompei, R. et al., “Antiviral activity of glycyrrhizic acid.” Experentia 36. 1980, pp. 304–305.

23. Zakay-Rones et al., “Inhibition of several strains of influenza virus in vitro and reduction of symptoms by an elderberry extract (Sambucus nigra L.) during an outbreak of influenza B in Panama,” Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 1(4), 1995 pp. 361–369.

24. Gallo, M. et al., “Pregnancy Outcome Following Gestational esposure to Echinacea, A Prospective Controlled Stud.” The Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, and the Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, 1999.

CHAPTER 4

1. Quillin, P., Beating Cancer with Nutrition, Tulsa: The Nutrition Times Press, Inc., 1994, p. 37.

2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1987–1994 Toxic Release Inventory National Report, Washington, D. C.: Office of Toxic Substances.

3. Passwater, R., Trace Elements, Hair Analysis, and Nutrition. New Canaan, Connecticut.: Keats Publishing, 1983.

4. White, D. M., et al., “Neurologic syndrome in 25 workers from an aluminum smelting plant.” Arch Int Med 152. 1992, pp. 1443–1448.

5. Holtzman, R. B., and Flcewicz, F. H. “Lead-210 and polmium-210 in tissues of cigarette smokers,” Science 153, 1996, pp. 1259–1260.

6. Siblerud, R. L., “The relationship between mercury from dental amalgam and mental health,” American Journal of Psychotherapy, October 18, 1989, pp. 575–587.

7. Hikino H., Kiso Y.; Wagner, H.; and Fiebig. “Antihepatotoxic actions of flavolignans from Silybum marianum fruits.” Planta Medica 50, 1984 pp. 248–250.

CHAPTER 5

1. Patterson B. H., Block, G. American Journal of Public Health 78. March 1988, p. 282.

2. Bloch, A., Thomson, C. “Position of The American Dietetic Association: phytochemicals and functional foods.” Journal of American Dietetic Assocation. 95, 1995, p. 93–496.

3. Weber, N. D., et al., “In vitro virucidal effects of Allium sativum (garlic) extract and compounds.” Planta Medica 58, 1992, pp. 417–423.

4. Simopoulos, A., The Omega Plan, New York: HarperCollins, 1998, p. 5.

5. Thompson, L. U., et al., “Mammalian lignan production from various foods.” Nutr Cancer 16. 1991, pp. 43–52.

6. Setchell, K. D. R., and Adlercreutz, H., “Mammalian lignans and phytoestrogens: Recent studies on their formation, metabolism, and biological role in health and disease.” Role of Gut Flora in Toxicology and Cancer, Rowland, I.R. Ed. London: Academic Press, 1988, pp. 315–43.

7. Sanchex, A.; Reeser, J.; Lau, H., et al. “Role of sugars in human neutrophilic phagocytosis.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrtion 26, 1973, pp. 1180–1184.

8. Ringsdorf, W., Cheraskin, E., and Ramsay R., “Sucrose, neutrophilic phagocytosis and resistance to disease.” Dent Surv 52, 1976 pp. 46–48.

9. Bernstein, J; Alpert S.; Nauss, K.; and Suskind R. “Depression of lymphocyte transformation following glucose ingestion.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 30, 1977 pp. 613.

10. Smith, B. “Organic foods versus supermarket foods: Element levels,” J Appl Nutr 45, 1993, pp. 35–39.

11. Newberne, P., and Conner, M. W., “Food Additives and Contaminants: An update,” Cancer 58, 1986, pp. 1851–1862.

CHAPTER 6

1. Hasselbacj, H. et al., “Decreased thymus size in formula fed infants compared to breast-fed infants,” Acta Periactr 85, 1996 pp. 1029–1032.

2. Beardsley, T.; Pierschbacher, M.; Wetzel, G. D.; Hays, E. F. “Induction of T-cell maturation by a cloned line of thymic epithelium (TEPI),” Proc Natl Acad Sci 80, 1983, p. 6005.

3. Cazzola, P.; Mazzanti, P.; and Bossi, G., “In vivo modulating effect of a calf thymus acid lysate on human T lymphocyte subsets and CD4/CD* ratio in the course of different diseases.” Current Therapeutic Research 42, 1987 pp. 1011–1017.

4. Koutabb, N. M.; Prada, M.; and Cazzola P. “Thymodulin: Biological properties and clinical applications.” Medical Oncology and Tumor Pharacotherapy 6, 1989 pp. 5–9.

5. Galli, M. et al., “Attempt to treat acute type B Hepatitis with an orally administered thymic extract (Thymomodulin): Preliminary results. Drug Experimental Clinical Research 11, 1985, pp. 665–669.

6. Bortolotti, F., et al. “Effect of an orally administered thymic derivative, Thymodulin, in chronic type B hepatitis in children.” Current Therapeutic Research 43, 1988, pp. 67–72.

7. Valesini, G. et al., “A calf thymus lysate improves clinical symptoms and T cell defects in the early stages of HIV infection: Second report,” Eur. J Cancer Clin Oncol 23, 1987 pp. 1915–1919.

8. Mulder, J. W., et al., “Dehydroepiandosterone as predictor for progression to AIDS in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type infected men,” Journal of Infectious Diseases 165, 1992, pp. 413–418.

9. Gordon, G. B., et al., “Serum levels of dehydroepiandrosteronoe and its sulfate and the risk of developing bladder cancer,” Cancer Res 51, 1991 pp. 1366–69.

10. Irwin, M.; Mascovich, A.; Gillin J. C., et al., “Partial sleep deprivation reduces natural killer cell activity in humans,” Psychom Med 56(6). pp. 493–498.

CHAPTER 7

1. Patterson, B. H., and Block, G., American Journal of Public Health 78, March 1988, p. 282.

2. Pennington, J., and Schoen, S., “Total Diet Atudy: Estimated Dietary INtakes of Nutritional Elements, 1982–1991. Int. J Vitamin Nutr. Res. 66,(4) 1996, pp. 350–362.

3. Sembda, R. D. Vitamin A, immunity, and infection. Clin Inf Dis 19. 1994, pp. 489–499.

4. JAMA 269. pp. 898–903, 1993.

5. Fawzi, W. W. et al., Vitamin A Supplementation and Child Mortality. A Meta-Analysis. JAMA 269, 1943, pp. 898–903.

6. Arrieta, A.C., et al. “Vitamin A levels in children with measles in Long Beach, Ca. J pediatr” 121. pp. 75–78, 1992.

7. Semba, R.D., et al. “Increased mortality associated with vitamin A deficiency during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.” Arch Intern Med 153. pp. 2149–2154, 1993.

8. Beisel, W.; Edelman, R.; Nauss, K.; and Suskind, R., “Single nutrient effects of immunologic functions.” JAMA 245, 1981, pp. 53–58.

9. Palteil, P. O. et al., “Clinical correlates of subnormal vitamin B12 levels in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus,” American Journal of Hematology 49, 1995 pp. 318–322.

10. Weinberg, J. B., et al., “Inhibition of productive human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection by cobalamins,” Blood 86, 1995, pp. 1281–1287.

11. Bendich, A. “Vitamin C and immune responses,” Food Technol 41, 1987 pp. 112–114.

12. Frei, B.; England, L.; and Ames, B. N. “Ascorbate is an outstanding antioxidant in human blood plasma,” Proc Natl Acad Sci 86, 1989, pp. 6377–6381.

13. Ginter, E. “Optimum intake of vitamin C for the human organism,” Nutr Health 1, 1982, pp. 66–77.

14. Cathart, R.F. “The third face of vitamin C,” J Orthomol Med 7, 1992, pp. 197–200.

15. J Orthomol Psychiat 10, 1981 p.p 125–132.

16. Klenner, F. R. “Observations on the dose of administration of ascorbic acid when employed beyond the range of a vitamin in human pathology,” J Applied Nutr 23, 1971, pp. 61–68.

17. Baur, H., and Staub, H. “Treatment of hepatitis with infusions of ascorbic acid: Comparison with other therapies,” JAMA 156, 1985, p. 565.

18. Murray, Michael. Encyclopedia of Nutritional Supplements. Rocklin, California: Prima Publishing. p.p. 44–45, 1996.

19. Kiremidjiian-Schumacher, L. et al. “Supplementation with selenium and human immune cell functions; II. Effect on cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killer cells,” Biol Trace Elem Res 41, 1994, pp. 115–127.

20. Dardenne, M., et al., “Contribution of zinc and other metals to the biological activity of the serum thymic factor,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 79, 1982, pp. 5370–5373.

21. Folkers, K. et al., “Increase in levels of IgG in serum of patients treated with coenzyme Q10,” Research Communications in Chemical Pathology Pharmacology, 1982.

22. Stengler, M., The Natural Physician, Burnaby, Canada: Alive Books, 1997.

CHAPTER 8

1. Stengler, M., The Natural Physician, Burnaby, Canada: Alive Books, 1997.

2. Morrison, R., Desktop Guide to Keynotes and Confirmatory Symptoms, Albany, New York: Hahnemann Clinic Publishing, 1993.

CHAPTER 9

1. Lipton, Douglas: Lincoln Clinic Study; Konefal, Janet: Miami Study; Bullock, Milton: Hennepin County Study. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health; Office of Human Services, AM, Vol. 1, No. 3, January 1994.

2. Brewington, Vincent et al., “Acupuncture as a Detoxification Treatment: An Analysis of Controlled Research,” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Vol. 11, No. 4, 1994, pp. 289–307.

3. “Jayasuriya: Paper for the 5th World Congress of Acupuncture,” Tokyo: Japan, 1977.

CHAPTER 10

1. Ikegami, N., et al. “Prophylactic Effects of Long Term Oral Administration of Glycyrrhizin on AIDS Development of Asymptomatic Patients.” International Conference on AIDS 9(1) 1993:234 (abstract no. PO-A25–0596).

2. Ikegami, N. et al. “Clinical Evaluation of Glycyrrhizin on HIV infected Asymptomatic Hemophiliac Patients in Japan.” Fifth International Conference on AIDS (June 1989): Abstract W.B.P. 298; cited in AIDS Treatment News 103 (May 18, 1990), 54.

3. Mori, K., et al. “Effects of Glycyrrhizin (SNMC: Strogner Neominophagen C) in Hemophilia Patients with HIV-1 Infection.” Tohoku Journal Experimental Medicine 162. pp. 183–193, 1990.