Chapter Notes

Chapter 1. An American Spacewalk

1. Peter Bond, Heroes in Space: From Gagarin to Challenger (New York: Basil Blackwell, Inc., 1987), p. 90.

2. Ibid.

3. Anthony J. Cipriano, America’s Journeys Into Space: The Astronauts of the United States (New York: Julian Messner, 1979), p. 32.

4. Bond, p. 91.

5. David J. Shayler, Gemini: Steps to the Moon (Chichester, UK: Praxis Publishing, 2001), p. 277.

6. Ibid., p. 278.

7. Gene Kranz, Failure Is Not an Option: Mission Control From Mercury to Apollo 13 and Beyond (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), p. 140.

Chapter 2. Embarking on a Great Adventure

1. Patrick J. Walsh, Echoes Among the Stars: A Short History of the U.S. Space Program (Armonk, N.Y: M. E. Sharpe, 2000), p. 22.

2. Ibid., p. 13.

3. Peter Bond, Heroes in Space: From Gagarin to Challenger (New York: Basil Blackwell, Inc., 1987), p. 83.

4. United Press International, Gemini; America’s Historic Walk in Space (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1965), chapter 1.

5. “Gemini 4; 1st American Space Walk,” Mission History; Detailed Account of the Gemini IV Mission, May 10, 2000, <http://www/thespaceplace.com/history/Gemini/gemini04.html> (December 5, 2002).

6. Virgil “Gus” Grissom, Gemini: A Personal Account of Man’s Venture into Space (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1968), pp. 86–87.

7. Ibid., p. 84.

8. Mary C. Zornio, “Detailed Biographies of Apollo I Crew—Ed White,” NASA History, February 3, 2003, <http://www.nasa .gov/office/pao/History/Apollo204/zorn/white.htm> (April 11, 2003).

9. Ibid.

10. Ibid.

Chapter 3. A Lesson in Orbital Physics

1. Barton C. Hacker and James M. Grimwood, “Four Days and a ‘Walk’,” On the Shoulders of Titans: A History of Project Gemini, n.d., <http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Sp-4203/ch11-2.htm>, (April 11, 2003).

2. Timothy B. Benford and Brian Wilkes, The Space Program Quiz & Fact Book (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1985), p. 53.

3. Patrick J. Walsh, Echoes Among the Stars: A Short History of the U.S. Space Program (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 2000), p. 15.

4. Gene Kranz, Failure Is Not an Option: Mission Control From Mercury to Apollo 13 and Beyond (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), p. 137.

5. Ibid.

6. United Press International, Gemini: America’s Historic Walk in Space (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1965), chapter 2.

7. Ibid.

8. Hacker and Grimwood.

9. Dr. Fred Kelly, America’s Astronauts and Their Indestructible Spirit (Blue Ridge Summit, Pa.: Tab Books, Inc., 1986), p. vii.

10. Peter Bond, Heroes in Space: From Gagarin to Challenger (New York: Basil Blackwell, Inc., 1987), p. 83.

11. Mary C. Zornio, “Detailed Biographies of Apollo I Crew—Ed White,” NASA History, February 3, 2003, <http://www.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollo204/zorn/white.htm> (April 11, 2003).

Chapter 4. “Pride, Patriotism, and American Know-How”

1. Gene Kranz, Failure Is Not an Option: Mission Control From Mercury to Apollo 13 and Beyond (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), p. 139.

2. Barton C. Hacker and James M. Grimwood, “Four Days and a ‘Walk’,” On the Shoulders of Titans: A History of Project Gemini, n.d., <http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Sp-4203/ch11-2.htm> (April 11, 2003).

3. David J. Shayler, Gemini: Steps to the Moon (Chichester, UK: Praxis Publishing, 2001), p. 205.

4. Ibid.

5. Peter Bond, Heroes in Space: From Gagarin to Challenger (New York: Basil Blackwell, Inc., 1987), p. 93.

6. United Press International, Gemini: America’s Historic Walk in Space (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1965), chapter 4.

7. Ibid.

8. Mark Wade, Gemini 4, June 26, 2002, <http://www.astronautix.com/flights/gemini4.htm> (April 11, 2002).

9. Bond, p. 93.

10. United Press International, chapter 4.

11. Timothy B. Benford and Brian Wilkes, The Space Program Quiz & Fact Book (New York: Harper & Row, 1985), p. 23.

Chapter 5. “A Long Stride Forward”

1. United Press International, Gemini: America’s Historic Walk in Space (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1965), chapter 4.

2. Peter Bond, Heroes in Space: From Gagarin to Challenger (New York: Basil Blackwell, Inc., 1987), p. 94.

3. Mary C. Zornio, “Detailed Biographies of Apollo I Crew—Ed White,” NASA History, February 3, 2003, <http://www .nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollo204/zorn/white.htm> (April 11, 2003).

4. United Press International, chapter 4.

5. David J. Shayler, Gemini: Steps to the Moon (Chichester, UK: Praxis Publishing, 2001), p. 206.

6. Bond, p. 94.

7. Shayler, p. 338.

8. Zornio.

9. Shayler, p. 399.

10. Bond, p. 139.

11. Chris Kraft, Flight: My Life in Mission Control (New York: Dutton, 2001), pp. 305–306.

12. James Schefter, The Race: The Complete True Story of How America Beat Russia to the Moon (New York: Anchor Books, 2000), p. 286.