Page numbers refer to the print edition.
abolition and abolitionists, 2, 121
Adams, John, 28, 55, 80, 150, 170
Adorno, Theodor, 41, 74, 78, 95
Affordable Care Act, 176
Afghanistan: conflict in, xviii, 127, 139, 156, 161, 166; liberty for, 126; Soviet invasion of, 107–8
Age of Charlemagne, 123
Age of Exploration, 123
Age of Extremes (Hobsbawm), 115
Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), 54–55, 60
Alexander II (Russia), 133
Alsop, Stewart, 30
America: defense of freedom by, 166; divine mission of, 17, 88; relations with Soviet Union, 104, 109, 117; and the Soviet arms race, 113, 130–34, 159; twentieth-century accomplishments of, 85
American culture, xiv, 39, 85–86
American Revolution, 126, 163, 169
American soldiers killed in battle, 137–38, 168
Americans Veterans Committee, 12
Anderson, Annelise, 93
Anderson, Martin, 46
antiballistic missile systems, 131
anti-Federalists/anti-Federalism, 68, 80
anti-intellectualism, 83–84, 97
Anti-Intellectualism in American Life (Hofstadter), 83–84
appeasement, xv, 105, 107, 118, 161, 162, 189–90
Area Redevelopment Agency, 183
Aristotle, 121
arms control negotiations, 108–9
Articles of Confederation, 68
asceticism, 65
atheism, 13
Augustine of Hippo, 3, 70, 122, 136, 178
Austria, German invasion of, 99
Baker, Bobby, 184
balance of power, 103–4
Bartlett, Bruce, 171
Bastiat, Frederic, 72–73
Beecher, Henry Ward, 84
Beilenson, Laurence, 101–2, 110
Berlin, Isaiah, 113
Berlin Airlift, 149
Bible, 4, 5, 8–10, 64–65, 69, 101, 115, 118, 136, 178
big government conservatism, 170–71
Bill of Rights, 68
Bolshevik Revolution, 26
Book of Jeremiah, 136
border security, 50
Boulware, Leonard, 37
Bradley, Bill, 146
Brezhnev, Leonid, 59, 104, 105, 108, 110
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 108
Buckley, William F., 29
budget deficits, 135, 146, 149, 150, 170, 173–76
Burgh, James, 68
Burke, Edmund, 27–28, 84, 169–70
Burnham, James, 26–27, 29–30, 102, 110
Burns, Arthur, 36
Bush, George H. W., 148–51, 174–75; conservative policies of, 148, 149
Bush, George W., 52, 120, 148, 157, 168; conservative policies of, 160, 170, 171, 172, 173; domestic policy, 170–72; foreign policy, 160–62
Byers, Robert, 51
California, 45–46; Reagan as governor of, 59–60
California Family Law Act (1969), 62
Calvinism, 5
Cannon, Lou, xi, xix, 23, 67, 92, 131, 142, 167, 173
capitalism: benefits of, 153; vs. communism and socialism, 27, 28, 47 82, 102, 112; criticism of, 13–14, 28, 33, 41, 47, 56, 75–77, 80, 95; in Eastern Europe, 126; and equality, 82; free-market, 40, 77; and the New Deal, 55, 56; Reagan’s enthusiasm for, 55, 86–88, 96; scholarly analysis of, 112; Soviet desire to overthrow, 110; supporters of, 28, 33, 36, 40, 73; as universal value, 152; Western, 47
Carter, James Earl “Jimmy,” 10, 108, 118, 129, 135, 148, 175
Catholic Church, 123
Cato’s Letters (Trenchard and Gordon), 68
Ceausescu, Nicolae, 59
Central America, 111, 119, 120
Chamberlain, Neville, 99, 112–13
Chambers, Whittaker, 25–26, 29
Charlemagne, 123
Chernenko, Konstantin, 110
China, 163; government reform in, 127; peaceful demonstrations in, 126–27
Christian Endeavor, 4
Christianity: and clash with neo-Marxism, 41; and the desire for change, 59; Disciples of Christ and, 2; evangelical, 2–3, 5–6; and freedom, 14, 30–31; influence of, 18–19; and influence on Reagan, xiv, xvii, 1–10, 63–65; millenarian, 116; optimistic vs. pessimistic, 9–10; and progressives, 82; Protestant, 1; values of, xiv
Churchill, Winston, 190
Cicero, 122
City of God (Augustine), 70, 122
“city on the hill,” 16
Civil War, 166
Clinton, Hillary, 154
Clinton, William Jefferson “Bill,” xvii, 98, 147–48, 150, 151–57
Cohen, Stephen F., 114
cold war: and the arms race, 130, 132; Burnham’s optimism about, 26; claim of victory in, 117, 120, 129, 134–36, 142, 167; ending of, 109, 129, 132, 133–34, 145, 181; in Grenada, 168; as holy war, 9, 17, 100–101, 110, 111, 118; origins of, 12; significance of, 85, 166; threat of, 58; U.S. advantages in, 104, 107, 112, 130, 132, 133
cold war consensus, 102
collectivism, 34, 38, 50, 75, 111
Columbus, Christopher, 123
The Coming Defeat of Communism (Burnham), 27
Commager, Henry Steele, 84–85
communism: America’s role in undermining, 85, 111; criticism of by former supporters, 25–27; equality under, 82; in Europe, 16, 85; in Hollywood, 12–13; opposition to, 31–32; Reagan’s opposition to, 23, 25–26, 39–40, 46, 115–16, 167; Reagan’s suspicion of, 12–13, 101–2; view of religion in, 13–14; U.S. government view of, 23. See also Marxism
Communist Party, 23–24
Condorcet, Marquis de (Nicolas de Caritat), 13, 73, 125, 164
Conscience of a Conservative (Goldwater), 42–43
conservatism: of George H. W. Bush’s policies, 148, 149; of George W. Bush’s policies, 160, 170, 171, 172, 173; ideology of, 17; inductivist, 96; in left-wing governments, 148, 152, 154; as movement, xvi; noninterventionist, 27; of Reagan’s policies, 17, 35, 42, 43, 46, 59, 68, 77, 78, 83–84, 98, 121, 139–40, 145, 148. See also neoconservatism; paleoconservatism
The Conservative Mind (Kirk), 27–28
conservatives: as anti-intellectual, 81, 83–84, 97; as champions of the masses, 81–82; compared to Jefferson, 168–69; criticism of Obama by, 174, 176; economists as, 32, 35–36, 37; on education, 52; on FDR, 141; Goldwater as, 59; ideological biases of, 129; on illegal immigration, 172–73; as inspiration for Reagan, 25–26, 29–30, 37, 54, 72–73; libertarian, 28; noninterventionist, 27; on Reagan’s legacy, xii, 46, 129, 140, 142, 143, 147, 151, 154, 158, 160, 178; shared opposition to communism and socialism by, 31, 42, 82; in the U.S., 85. See also ultraconservatives
containment, xvii, 27, 102, 105, 114, 115, 117, 128
Contract for America, 154
contrarianism, 74
Crimean War, 133
Crusades, 70
Cuban Missile Crisis, 104
cultural anthropology, 18
culture wars, 41
Cuomo, Mario, 63
Czechoslovakia: Soviet invasion of, 108; turmoil in, 126
Darkness at Noon (Koestler), 25
David (biblical), 136
Deaver, Michael, 90
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, 125–26, 130
defense spending, 104, 106–7, 108, 115, 118, 135–36, 141, 149, 156, 160
deficit spending, 135, 146, 149, 150, 170, 173–76
deism, 2
democracy: in America, 16, 19, 157; Burnham’s support for, 27; in Eastern Europe, 126; export of, 160, 162; in Iraq, 168; liberal, 127; Marxist opposition to, 77; New Deal, 140; parliamentary, 76; participatory, 71; Reagan’s faith in, 24, 55, 83, 118–19, 120, 126; universal value of, xvii, 152, 157, 160, 163–65
Democratic Leadership Council, 152
Democratic Party, and neo-Marxism, 41–42
Department of Agriculture, 182
Department of Defense, 118
Department of Education, 52, 171
Department of Mental Hygiene, 61
détente, 103–4, 105, 107, 108, 110, 112, 117
Dialectic of Enlightenment (Adorno and Horkheimer), 95
Diderot, Denis, 70
Diggins, John Patrick, xiii, 63, 109, 140, 167
disarmament, 106
diversity, 120
divine right, 69
Douglas, Helen Gahagan, 22
drugs, legalization of, 58
D’Souza, Dinesh, 142
dualism, xiv
Dulles, John Foster, 102
East Germany, 59
economic crisis (1979–82), 104
economic determinism, 76
Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act (2001), 160–61
Economics in One Lesson (Hazlitt), 37
economic theories, 32; economic determinism, 76; of Friedman, 34–35; of Hayek, 33–34; of Ibn Khaldun, 35–36; of Keynes, 32; of Laffer, 36; laissez-faire, 71, 73; “trickle-down” economics, 71, 78; of von Mises, 33
Economists Against the Arms Race, 115
Economists Allied for Arms Reduction, 115
ecumenism, 121, 123–24, 164, 173
education, 52–53, 161, 178, 196n13; and higher-education funding, 61
Edwards, Lee, 91
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 38, 148, 150
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, xiii
Enlightenment, xiv–xv, xvii, 2, 13, 69–73, 77, 85, 123–25, 169; economic philosophies, 32; and equality, 79–80; French, 125; and neoconservatism, 126
equality, 17, 78–88, 124; economic, 78, 80, 82, 85; and liberty, 79; political, 82
espionage, 29
eternal life, 5
ethnic groups, 60
Eureka College, 8
evil empire, 17
Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), 56
Family Law Act (California 1969), 62
fascism, 12, 16, 23, 85, 88. See also neo-Fascism
fatalism, 3
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), 56
federal employees, 187
Federalism/Federalists, 68, 80
Feller, Bob, 11
Ford, Gerald, xii, 105, 118, 148, 160
foreign aid, 186
foreign policy, xvii, 101–3; under George H. W. Bush, 149–50; under George W. Bush, 160, 161–62; under Clinton, 156
Four Freedoms, 166. See also freedom: from fear; freedom: from want; freedom, religious; freedom: of speech
Frankfurt School, 94
freedom, xiii, xiv, xv, xvi–xvii, xx, 67, 117, 124, 152, 159; and aid to the poor, 65–66; American defense of, 16, 166; and the American and French Revolutions, 169; bourgeois, 76; and capitalism, 86–87; Christian vision of, 14, 30–31; Clinton’s belief in, 152; and the cold war, 100–101; and communism, 13; economic, 78; Enlightenment views on, xv, 124; expanding and protecting, xvii; from fear, 48; and God, 14–15; individual, 85–86; Marx’s view of, 76–77, 79, 82; political, 70; of the press, 70, 127; and productivity, 86–87; Reagan’s belief in, xiii, xiv, xvi–xvii, xx, 67, 117; and religion, 15–16, 162–63; religious, 70; and social movements, 120–21; of speech, 48, 76, 70, 127, 177; from threat of the bomb, 100, 131, 189; Truman’s belief in, 159; utopian, 76; from want, 43, 48. See also Kingdom of Freedom; liberty
free enterprise, 15
free market, 33–34, 40, 72, 77, 87, 177
French Revolution, 72, 74, 125, 163, 169
Freud, Sigmund, 95
Friedman, Milton, 32, 34–35, 91
Fuchs, Klaus, 24
fusionism, 31
Gardner, Howard, xix
gas prices, 118
gay rights, 58
GDP (gross domestic product), 143, 146, 170, 174, 175
General Electric, 36–38
Geneva conference, 108
George III (England), 69
Gephardt, Dick, 145–46
Gergen, David, 91
German intellectual movement, 85, 94
Gilder, George, 142
Girondins, 125
God, and freedom, 14–15
The God That Failed (Koestler), 25
Goldwater, Barry, 42–43, 45, 46–47, 185–86, 188–89, 190–91
Gorbachev, Mikhail, xix, 96, 110, 113, 126, 132, 133–34, 167
Gordon, Thomas, 68
government, expansion of, 81
government waste, 49
Great Awakening, 2
Great Depression, 9, 26, 32, 35, 54
Great Society, xii, 34–35, 45, 48, 53, 55, 147
Greenspan, Alan, 89
Gregory the Great (pope), 178
Grenada, 168
Gromyko, Andrei, 114
Guevara, Che, 77
Halberstam, David, 91
Hamilton, Alexander, 28, 105, 189
Harrington, Michael, 95
Hayden, Tom, 57
Hayward, Stephan, 53
health care, 50–51, 154, 148, 172, 176
Health Security Act (1993), 154
Heclo, Hugh, xii
Henry, Patrick, 97
hermeticism, 65
Hiss, Alger, 29
The History of England (Hume), 70
Hitler, Adolf, xv, 42, 99, 108, 112–13, 162, 163
Hoffman, Abbie, 41
Hofstadter, Richard, 83–84
Holbach, Baron d’ (Paul-Henri Dietrich), 13, 80
Hollywood Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, 12
Honecker, Erich, 59
House Un-American Activities Committee, 29, 40
Hu, Yaobang, 126
Hume, David, 13, 32, 70, 129–30
Humphrey, Hubert, 22
Hungary: massacre in, 108; turmoil in, 126
Hussein, Saddam, 149–50, 157, 162
hydrogen bombs, 109
Ibn Khaldun, 35–36
idealism, xiii
identity politics, 57
imagination, 131
Immigration and Reform Control Act (1986), 172–73
immigration policies, 172–73; amnesty, 172–73
imperialism, 120
Imposter (Bartlett), 171
individualism, 30, 34, 50, 60, 75, 76
individual rights, 17, 85–86. See also human rights
Indonesia, 163
Industrial Revolution, 73, 74, 76
intelligent design, 26
interpersonal intelligence, xix
In the Shadow of FDR (Leuchtenberg), 53, 148
Iran, war with Iraq, 12
Iraq, 157, 167–68; constitution (2005), 165–66; freedom in, 164; invasion of Kuwait, 149–50; liberty for, 126; war with Iran, 12
Iraq Liberation Act, 157
Iraq War, xvii–xviii, 120, 127, 138, 156, 161–63, 166, 172
Isaiah (biblical), 16
Islam, 18
isolationism, 30, 103, 137, 158, 166
Jackson, Scoop, 160
Japan, democracy in, 164
Jefferson, Thomas, 28, 55, 68, 86, 113, 168–69, 170
Jeffersonians, 30
Jeremiah, Book of, 136
Jesus Christ, 3, 6, 136; on helping the poor, 64–65; on material possessions, 65; preaching against violence, 136–37; on the Reign of Saints, 137; Sermon on the Mount, 16
Jim Crow laws, 41
Jobs, Steve, 45
Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 45, 48, 54, 148, 159, 168
Judaism, 18
Judeo-Christian values, 25, 111
Kaczynski, Ted, 128
Kennan, George, 30, 102, 128–29, 130
Kennedy, John F., 17, 42, 78, 108, 148, 159, 168
Kennedy, Robert, 90–91
Keynes, John Maynard, 32
Khrushchev, Nikita, 103, 108, 110, 190
Kingdom of Caesar, 64
Kingdom of Freedom, xvii, 67–68, 100–101, 111, 117, 120, 121, 143, 157, 162–63, 172, 173
Kingdom of God, xvii, 3, 4, 64, 67–68, 118, 122
Kirk, Russell, 27–28, 84, 166–67
Kissinger, Henry, 103–4
Koestler, Arthur, 25
Koran, 136
Krugman, Paul, 141
Kuhn, Thomas, 144
Kuwait, invasion of by Iraq, 149–50
Laffer, Arthur, 36
Laffer Curve, 36
law, universal, 122
legalization of drugs, 58
Lenin, Vladimir, 102, 133, 168
Leonov, Nikolai, 132
Lettow, Paul, 109
Leuchtenberg, Frank, 53
Leuchtenberg, William, 148
Lewis, C. S., 5
liberal(s): and Obamacare, 176; Reagan as, xiv, 22–23, 36, 42, 53, 61, 62; view of Clinton, 155; view of Reagan, xi, 140
liberalism: classical, 32, 37, 71, 72, 75, 78, 83; defined, 181; New Left, 83; old-style, 154; opposition to, 29; proponents of, 41; spread of, 73
liberation, 77
libertarianism, 30–31
liberty: and abolitionism, 84; for all people, 126; defense of, 17; and the Enlightenment, 70; and equality, 79; and the French Revolution, 169–70; as universal principle, 120, 184–85. See also freedom
Libya, 156
Lincoln, Abraham, 146
Losing Ground (Murray), 50
Louis XIV (France), 70
Louis XV (France), 70
MacFarlane, Robert, 89
Madisonians, 30
Malia, Martin, 132
Mao Zedong, 168
Marcuse, Herbert, 41, 74, 94–95
Martin, Joseph, 22
Marx, Karl: on class consciousness, 39, 57, 75, 78, 81; on economic determinism, 76; on freedom, 76–77, 79, 82; on free trade, 75, 77; influence of, xx, 147; Kirk’s refutation of, 28; as materialist, 66; philosophy of, xviii, 13–14, 54, 75–76; on progressive tax, 38–39, 65. See also Marxism; Marxists
Marxism: in Asia, 105; use of economics as explanation of, 94; as framework for understanding, 18; in Grenada, 168; intellectual appeal of, 47, 94; intellectual context for, 75; and left-wing economics, 42; and left-wing thought, 77; Reagan’s opposition to, 96, 101–2, 109–10; in the Soviet Union, 40, 95, 102, 119; and the victory of the proletariat, 24, 102, 116, 158. See also communism; Marx, Karl; Marxists; neo-Marxism
Marxism-Leninism, 26, 110, 119
Marxism-Leninism-Trotskyism, 158
Marxists: division among, 26; opposition to capitalism by, 33, 76–77, 80, 88, 102. See also Marx, Karl; Marxism
McCarthy, Joseph, 39
McCracken, Paul, 36
Meese, Edwin, 172–73
mercantilism, 71
metaphysics, 111–12
Metternich, Klemens von, 84
Meyer, Frank, 30–31
Middle East, spread of democracy to, 164–65
military-industrial complex, 131, 159
military spending, 104, 106–7, 108, 115, 118, 135–36, 141, 149, 156, 160
millenarianism, 116
Mills, C. Wright, 41
Mises Institute, 135
missile gap, 159
missionaries, 123
Mitterand, Francois, 15
monarchy, 69; benevolent, 42; limited, 74
monasticism, 65
Mondale, Walter, 129
monotheism, 59
Montesquieu (baron de), 32, 70–72, 86
moral relativism, 65–66
Mosaic Code, 14
Moses (biblical), 136
Motion Picture Industry Council, 38
Moyers, Bill, 41
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 105
multiple intelligences, xix
Munich Conference, 108
Murray, Charles, 50
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement), xvii, 147, 156
Napoleon (Bonaparte), 74, 126, 133
Nash, George, xi
National Endowment for the Arts, 171
nationalism, 41
nationalization, 42
National Review (Buckley), 29–30
Nazism, 12, 16, 18, 23, 24, 26, 32, 85, 88, 101
neoconservatism, 30, 84, 109, 126, 158–59, 160, 166, 167, 171, 173
neo-Fascism, 20
neo-Marxism, 41
Neustadt, Richard, 54
New Conservatism, 29
New Deal, 22, 44, 48, 53–56, 140, 141
New Jerusalem, 48
New Left, 40, 75; liberalism of, 83
The New Reagan Revolution (M. Reagan), 171
New Right, 83
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 74
Nixon, Richard, 22, 40, 42, 103–4, 110–11, 117–18, 148, 160
No Child Left Behind Act (2001), 161, 171
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 12, 159
nuclear weapons, 104, 109, 133, 159, 163, 167, 177
Obama, Barack, xi–xii, 53, 98, 141, 146, 148, 156; and deficit spending, 175–76; economic recovery under, 174–75
Obamacare, 176
objectivism, 30
Office of Economic Opportunity, 48
On Law (Bastiat), 72–73
OPEC, 104
Operation Desert Storm, 150
The Other America (Harrington), 95
paleoconservatism, 30, 158, 166
Pendergrast Machine, 151
People’s Republic of China, 24
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (1996), 155
Peter the Great (Russia), 133
Planning for Freedom (Mises), 33
Poland: disenchantment with communism in, 114; German invasion of, 100; turmoil in, 126
Political Disquisitions (Burgh), 68
political ideologies, 18; conservative, 54–55, 59, 81–83, 140; liberal, 22–23, 140; modern, 125; secular, 111; shifting away from Democrats, 40–41. See also communism; conservatism; democracy; liberalism; Marxism; socialism
Pope, Alexander, 124
populism, 83–84
“Port Huron Statement,” 57–58
postmodernism, 94
poverty: reduction in, 143; welfare perpetuation of, 50
poverty relief: faith-based programs for, 67; government assistance, 66–67; and freedom, 65–66
power, balance of, 104
pragmatism, 97
prayer, 3
The Printer of Udell (Wright), 3–4
productivity, in the USSR, 115
Protestant Reformation, 6
Quakers, 111
rationalism, 97
Rawls, John, 82–83
Reader’s Digest, 29
Reagan, Maureen, 2
Reagan, Michael, 24, 62, 88–89, 171
Reagan, Ronald Wilson: Alzheimer’s disease of, 157; athletic participation by, 5; belief in democracy by, 24, 55, 83, 118–19, 120, 126; and belief in freedom, xiii, xiv, xvi–xvii, xx, 67, 117; career of (acting), 7, 11–13, 20–21, 46; career of (broadcasting), 9–11; career of (GE spokesman), 36–38; career of (lifeguard), 6–7; career of (politics), 20, 22, 25, 59–60; childhood of, 1–2; and conservative interpretations, 142–43; education of, 8–9; and failure to recognize people, 89–90, 194n18; and fear of flying, 91, 193n17; imagination of, 93; as inductive thinker, 93; influence of, 147–48, 178; as intuitive intellectual, 92–93; liberal interpretation of, 140–42; photographic memory of, 92–93; and prayer, 3; as reader, 91–92; religious background of, 2–5; sense of humor of, 89–90; as “Teflon president,” 97–98; as writer, 88–89
reasoning, deductive vs. inductive, 93–94
recession, 35, 105, 141, 143, 145, 149, 152, 174–75
Reflections on the Revolution in France (Burke), 169
Reign of Saints, 137
religion: communist view of, 13–14; and freedom, 13, 15–16, 162–63; as threat to freedom, 13. See also Christianity
religious freedom, 70
Resolution 1441, 162
Revelation, Book of, 9, 110–11
Ricci, Matteo, 123
The Rights of Man (Paine), 126
The Road to Serfdom (Hayek), 34
Ronald Reagan and His Quest to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (Lettow), 109
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 12, 17, 22, 48, 51, 55–56, 130, 134, 141, 150, 159
Rosenberg, Ethel and Julius, 29
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 69–70, 74–75, 80
Ryan, Fred, 89
salvation, 6–7
Savio, Mario, 45
Schakowsky, Jan, 172
Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 43, 112
school vouchers, 52
Schroeder, Patricia, 98
Schumer, Chuck, 140
scientific discoveries, 124
Scientific Revolution, 69, 123
Screen Actors Guild (SAG), 11, 12, 21, 39
Second Great Awakening, 2
secularism and secularists, 13, 40–41, 59, 111
self-determination, 120
Sermon on the Mount, 16
Sidey, Hugh, 9
Singer, Peter, 147
Sloan, Jerry, 140
Smelser, Neil, 142
Smith, Adam, 32, 71, 72, 73, 77
Smith, Al, 187
socialism: conflation with liberalism and communism, 42; and control of the economy, 49; creeping, 34, 43; democratic, 40; equality under, 82; in Europe, 16, 85; and government-run health care, 50–51; inherent flaws in, 116; and political power, 81; scientific, 116; Soviet, 47, 83; state, 42; and taxation, 38
social security, 49, 51, 56, 147, 155, 185; ideas for reform of, 51–52; Social Security Act, 147
Socrates, 66
Somalia, 156
South America, 111
Soviet Union: as ally, 12; and the arms race, 130–34; collapse of, 128–31, 141, 160, 167; communism in, 13–14, 95, 105, 158; as evil empire, 17, 110, 111, 134; flaws in, 112, 113–15; liberation of, 133–34; Reagan’s opposition to, xv, xx, 116; relation with the U.S., 117; secularism in, 59; and the space race, 132–33; as threat, 24, 102, 119; U.S. relations with, 104, 109
space race, 132–33
speeches: “Business, Ballots, and Bureaus,” 38; handwritten notes for, xvi; high school commencement, 5; “A Time for Choosing,” xvi, 44, 47, 57, 59, 179–91
Sputnik, 132–33
Stalin, Joseph, 12, 26, 88, 102, 149, 158
states’ rights, 52–53
stealth technology, 118
Stockman, David, 145
Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty, 108
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 113, 131–34
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), 57
Syria, 156
Taft, Robert, 159
Talbott, Strobe, 113–14
Taliban, 161
taxation, 35–36, 38, 46, 64–65, 142–43, 145–46, 147, 149, 179
tax cuts, xvii, 78, 140–43, 145–48, 160–61
Tea Party conservatives, 81
technological innovation, 142–43
Teller, Edward, 131
temperance movement, 2
Ten Commandments, 136
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), 56
terrorism, 120
terrorist attacks (9/11), 161
A Theory of Justice (Rawls), 82
Thomas, Norman, 187
tithing, 64–65
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 15–16, 80, 97
totalitarianism, 16, 33–34, 43, 49, 50, 118
transcendentalism, xiv
The Treaty Trap (Beilenson), 101–2
Trenchard, John, 68
trickle-down economics, 78
Trotsky, Leon, 26
Trotskyism, 158
Truman, Harry S., 22, 23, 53, 149–51, 158–59
Trump, Donald, 27, 83, 140, 148, 156, 199n18
Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, 72
Ulam, Adam, 47
ultraconservatives, 61
Unabomber, 128
unemployment, 56, 104, 118, 143, 146, 174, 175, 183; in the USSR, 114
universalism, 122–23; liberal, 126; political, 125
University of California, Berkeley, 45, 141–42
Urban II (pope), 70
urban renewal, 182–83
USSR. See Soviet Union
Vance, Cyrus, 108
Vietnam syndrome, 156
Vietnam War, xv, 17, 41, 102–4, 115, 117, 138, 159–60, 168; demonstrations against, 60
violence, Jesus’s preaching against, 136–37
The Vital Center (Schlesinger), 43
Volk concept, 74
Voltaire (Francois-Marie Arouet), 13, 69, 70, 74
voodoo economics, 148
voting rights, 76
war, opposition to, 136
War on Terror, 161
weapons: antiballistic missile systems, 131; atomic bomb, 159, 163; of mass destruction, 157; nuclear, 104, 109, 133, 159, 163, 167, 177
welfare: reform, xvii, 147, 155–56, 183; and Welfare Reform Act, 60; and the welfare state, 43, 49, 147, 189; and welfarism, 42
Western culture, in Eastern Europe, 126
Wier, James, 187
Wilentz, Sean, 129, 130, 144–45
Wilkie, Wendell, 134
Williams, Larry, 91
Wilson, James Q., 60
Wilson, Woodrow, 17
Winthrop, John, 16
Witherspoon, John, 15
Witness (Chambers), 25–26
women’s suffrage, 2
World War I, 76, 88, 105, 130, 133, 138
World War II, xv, 12, 20, 76, 88, 100, 115, 130, 134, 138, 166
Wozniak, Steve, 45
Wright, Harold Bell, 3–4
Xavier, Francis (saint), 123
Yager, Edward, 39
Yalta Conference, 108
Yom Kippur War, 104
Yugoslavia, 156
Zinn, Howard, 41
Zionism, 30