Chapter 1: A Nation Raging, a Church Unchanging
1. Walt Whitman, “I Hear America Singing,” 1966, accessed through the public domain.
2. Patricia Hill Collins, as quoted in Elizabeth C. Corey, “First Church of Intersectionality,” First Things, August 2017, https://www.firstthings.com/article/2017/08/first-church-of-intersectionality.
3. Andy Kroll, “Meet the Megadonor Behind the LGBTQ Rights Movement,” Rolling Stone, June 23, 2017, http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/features/meet-tim-gill-megadonor-behind-lgbtq-rights-movement-wins-w489213.
4. Mark Tushnet, “Abandoning Defensive Crouch Liberal Constitutionalism,” Balkinization (blog), May 6, 2016, https://balkin.blogspot.com/2016/05/abandoning-defensive-crouch-liberal.html.
5. Jennifer Senior, “In Conversation: Antonin Scalia,” New York, October 6, 2013, http://nymag.com/news/features/antonin-scalia-2013–10/.
6. “Political Polarization in the American Public,” Pew Research Center, June 12, 2014, http://www.people-press.org/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/.
7. D. A. Carson, Christ and Culture Revisited (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2008), 57.
8. Tip O’Neill with Gary Hymel, All Politics Is Local, and Other Rules of the Game (Minneapolis: B. Adams Publishing, 1995).
Chapter 2: Public Square: Not Neutral, but a Battleground of Gods
1. Ronald Dworkin, Religion Without God (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013), 1.
2. David Foster Wallace, This Is Water: Some Thoughts, Delivered on a Significant Occasion, About Living a Compassionate Life (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2009), 98–101.
3. Dianne Feinstein, as quoted in Aaron Blake, “Did Dianne Feinstein Accuse a Judicial Nominee of Being Too Christian?” Washington Post, September 7, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/09/07/did-a-democratic-senator-just-accuse-a-judicial-nominee-of-being-too-christian/?utm_term=f211307afle9.
4. Michael J. Sandel, Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do? (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009), 251–54; see also Democracy’s Discontent (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), 100–108.
5. “Socrates’ Defense (Apology),” translated by Hugh Tredennick, in Edith Hamilton and Huntington Cairns, eds., The Collected Dialogues of Plato (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1961), 10.
6. See Tacitus, Annals, book XV, chapter 44. See also the comments of Porphyry in Robert Louis Wilken, The Christians as the Romans Saw Them (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986, 2003), 156.
7. Quoted in Os Guinness, A Free People’s Suicide: Sustainable Freedom and the American Future (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2012), 128.
8. Southern Pacific Co. v. Jensen, 244 U.S. 205 (1917).
9. Note on Matthew 5:3, Christian Standard Bible Study Bible (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers), 1505.
10. John Locke, Second Treatises of Government and a Letter Concerning Toleration (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016), 218, 219.
11. Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, ed. Frank Shuffelton (New York: Penguin Books, 1998), 165.
12. Quoted in Jon Meacham, American Gospel: God, the Founding Fathers, and the Making of a Nation (New York: Random House, 2006), 32.
13. John Villasenor, “Views Among College Students Regarding the First Amendment: Results from a New Survey,” Brookings Institution, September 18, 2017, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/fixgov/2017/09/18/views-among-college-students-regarding-the-first-amendment-results-from-a-new-survey.
14. The Washington and Adams quotes taken from Guinness, A Free People’s Suicide, 117–19.
15. John Dewey, My Pedagogic Creed (New York: E. L. Kellogg & Co., 1897), 16, 17.
16. Russell Dawn, “Why Public Schools Will Always Include Religious Indoctrination,” Federalist, March 29, 2017, http://thefederalist.com/2017/03/29/public-schools-will-always-include-religious-indoctrination/.
17. Mary Eberstadt, It’s Dangerous to Believe: Religious Freedom and Its Enemies (New York: Harper, 2016), 23–28.
Chapter 3: Heart: Not Self-Exalting, but Born Again and Justified
1. Alex Rosenberg, “The Making of a Non-Patriot,” New York Times, July 3, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/03/opinion/the-making-of-a-non-patriot.html?mcubz=3&_r=0.
2. Anthony Doerr, All the Light We Cannot See (New York: Scribner, 2017), 11.
3. Arthur Brooks, “The Real Problem with American Politics,” Harvard Kennedy School, Facebook, May 6, 2017, https://www.facebook.com/harvardkennedyschool/videos/10154251688431403/.
4. I discuss the idea of “two ages” in contrast to “two kingdoms” at length in Political Church: The Local Assembly as Embassy of Christ’s Rule (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2016), 274–78.
5. Mark Zuckerberg, “Bringing the World Closer Together,” Facebook, June 22, 2017: https://www.facebook.com/notes/mark-zuckerberg/bringing-the-world-closer-together/10154944663901634/.
6. “Javert’s Suicide,” in Les Miserables, a musical by Alain Boublil and Claude-Michel Schönberg, lyrics by Herbert Kretzmer.
Chapter 4: Bible: Not Case Law, but a Constitution
1. The entire transcript of Kennedy’s speech “Remarks of Senator John F. Kennedy on Church and State; Delivered to Greater Houston Ministerial Association, Houston, Texas, Sept. 12, 1960” is reprinted in Theodore H. White, The Making of the President 1960 (New York: Harper Perennial, 1961), 391–93.
2. “How Kennedy Is Being Received—The Texas and California Tours—Reaction of Ministers,” New York Times, September 14, 1960.
Chapter 5: Government: Not a Savior, but a Platform Builder
1. Philip Jenkins, “Is This the End for Mideast Christianity?” Christianity Today, November 4, 2014, http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2014/november/on-edge-of-extinction.html.
2. Samuel Hugh Moffett, A History of Christianity in Asia, Vol. 1: Beginnings to 1500 (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1998), 504.
3. John G. Roberts Jr., dissenting, in James Obergefell et al. v. Richard Hodges et al., 576 U. S. ____ (2015), 2.
4. Vern Poythress, “False Worship in the Modern State,” in The Shadow of Christ in the Law of Moses (Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing, 1995), 296.
5. The only possible exception I’m aware of is Daniel 3:29, but one would be hard-pressed to demonstrate Nebuchadnezzar’s words here are universally normative.
Chapter 6: Churches: Not Lobbying Organizations, but Embassies of Heaven
1. C. Kavin Rowe, “The Ecclesiology of Acts,” Interpretation: A Journal of Biblical Theology 66, no. 3 (July 2012): 263.
2. Ibid., 267.
3. If you want to consider any of these matters further, I discussed them at greater length in a number of books like, Understanding the Congregation’s Authority, Understanding Church Membership, Understanding Church Discipline, and Don’t Fire Your Church Members.
4. Samuel Hugh Moffett, A History of Christianity in Asia, Vol. 1: Beginnings to 1500 (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1998), 509.
5. Jane Hyun, Breaking the Bamboo Ceiling (New York: HarperCollins, 2005).
6. Michael O. Emerson and Christian Smith, Divided by Faith: Evangelical Religion and the Problem of Race in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001).
7. Michael Horton, Covenant and Salvation: Union with Christ (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2007), 171.
8. John Piper, “Mission: Rescuing from Hell and Renewing the World,” Desiring God (blog), January 13, 2014. https://www.desiringgod.org/articles/missions-rescuing-from-hell-and-renewing-the-world.
Chapter 7: Christians: Not Cultural Warriors, but Ambassadors
1. Research Institute on Christianity in South Africa, “Faith Communities and Apartheid: A Report Prepared for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission,” March 1998.
2. Michael Gerson and Peter Wehner, City of Man: Religion and Politics in a New Era (Chicago, IL: Moody, 2010), especially pages 46–63 and 113–28.
3. Bill O’Reilly, Cultural Warrior (New York: Broadway Books, 2006), 1.
4. Oliver O’Donovan, The Desire of the Nations (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 92–93.
5. “The Barmen Declaration,” Encyclopedia of Protestantism, ed. by Hans J. Hillerbrand (London: Routledge, 2004), 327.
6. Leonore Siegele-Wenschkewitz, “Christians Against Nazis: The German Confessing Church,” Christianity Today, accessed October 10, 2017, http://www.christianitytoday.com/history/issues/issue-9/christians-against-nazis-german-confessing-church.html. Originally published in print in Christian History, issue 9, 1986.
7. Os Guinness, A Free People’s Suicide: Sustainable Freedom and the American Future (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2012), 17.
8. Tim Keller, Generous Justice: How God’s Grace Makes Us Just (New York: Dutton, 2010), 158.
9. It might be better to call this the Madison approach. I don’t think Luther was referring to his conscience as the ground of justice in the same way as the liberal tradition through figures like James Madison eventually would (“Conscience is the most sacred of all property.”) Luther was treating his conscience in the role of judge for telling him what God would have him do. God was the ground of justice. Still, I am calling this the Luther approach because Luther elevated the role of conscience for everyone that followed.
10. “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” in Philosophical Problems in the Law, edited by David M. Adams (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1992), 60.
11. Institute for American Values: National Marriage Project, Why Marriage Matters: Thirty Conclusions from the Social Sciences, 3rd ed. (New York: Institute for American Values, 2011), 45.
12. Dan Graves, ed., “Polycarp’s Martyrdom,” Christian History Institute, accessed October 10, 2017, https://christianhistoryinstitute.org/study/module/polycarp/.
13. Nicholas Wolterstorff, The Mighty and the Almighty: An Essay in Political Theology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 17.
14. John Rawls, Political Liberalism (New York: Columbia University Press, 2011), 150.
15. Russell Moore, Onward: Engaging the Culture Without Losing the Gospel (Nashville: B&H Publishing, 2015), 187.
16. Thanks to Nick Rodriguez who contributed to this section.
17. Philip Graham Ryken, Jeremiah and Lamentations: From Sorrow to Hope (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2012), 390–91.
18. Thanks again to Nick Rodriguez for help on this and the next paragraph.
Chapter 8: Justice: Not Just Rights, but Right
1. Michael Emerson and Christian Smith, Divided by Faith: Evangelical Religion and the Problem of Race in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000).
2. Jason Willick, “Terror in Charlottesville and American Decline,” The American Interest, August 13, 2017, https://www.the-american-interest.com/2017/08/13/terror-charlottesville-american-decline/.
3. Nicholas Wolterstorff, Justice: Rights and Wrongs (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008), 393.
4. Chai Feldblum, “Moral Conflict and Liberty,” Brooklyn Law Review 72, no. 1: 119.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid., 115.
7. Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 505 US 833 (1992).
8. Jonathan Haidt, The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion (New York: Vintage Books, 2013), 150–79.
9. J. Paul Nyquist, Is Justice Possible?: The Elusive Pursuit of What Is Right (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 2017), 25.
10. Herman Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, Volume 2: God and Creation, trans. John Vriend (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004), 227.
11. This is one of the main arguments of Wolterstorff ’s book Justice: Rights and Wrongs.
12. Leon Morris, The Biblical Doctrine of Judgment (Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock, 2006; orig. Inter-Varsity Press UK, 1960), 13.
13. Kevin DeYoung and Greg Gilbert, What Is the Mission of the Church? Making Sense of Social Justice, Shalom, and the Great Commission (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2011), 146.
14. Theodore Parker, quoted by Martin Luther King, Jr., “Out of the Long Night,” Official Organ of the Church of the Brethren, February 8, 1958, p. 14. (Internet Archive archive.org full view)
15. Ta-Nahesi Coates, Between the World and Me (New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2015), 28.
16. John Perkins, Dream with Me: Race, Love, and the Struggle We Must Win (Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 2017), 129.
17. Andrew T. Walker, “Advice to Young Christian Politicos,” Andrew T. Walker (blog), July 18, 2016, http://www.andrewtwalker.com/2016/07/18/advice-to-young-christian-politicos/.
18. Nyquist, Is Justice Possible?, 79–80.
19. Ta-Nahesi Coates, “The Case for Reparations,” The Atlantic, June 2014, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/.
20. Nyquist, Is Justice Possible?, 108–10, 112–18, 120–23.
21. See Peter J. Gentry and Stephen J. Wellum on this verse in Kingdom Through Covenants: A Biblical-Theological Understanding of the Covenants (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2012), 530.
22. Perkins, Dream with Me, 29, 30.