NOTES
1. Gunther Barth, City People: The Rise of Modern City Culture in Nineteenth-Century America (London: Oxford University Press, 1980), 15–26.
2. City of Sacramento 2030 General Plan, Historic & Cultural Resources Section (unpublished report, 2009).
3. Julian Dana, The Sacramento, River of Gold (New York: Farrar & Reinhart, 1939).
4. Bonita Louise Boles, “The Advent of Malaria in Sacramento,” Golden Notes 36, no. 4 (Winter 1990).
5. Kenneth Owens, John Sutter and a Wider West (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1994).
6. Mark Eifler, Gold Rush Capitalists: Greed and Growth in Sacramento (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press), 19–37.
7. Ibid., 40–48.
8. Mead B. Kibbey, Sacramento City Directory 1853–54, 59–62.
9. Eifler, Gold Rush Capitalists, 50–53.
10. Joseph McGowan, The Sacramento Waterfront 1848–1875 (Sacramento: Sacramento Museum and History Division, 1976), 13–17.
11. Walter Frame, “The Stagecoach Years,” Golden Notes 6, no. 2 (October 1959): 4–8.
12. Barbara Lagomarsino, “Early Attempts to Save Sacramento by Raising Its Business District” (master’s thesis, California State University, Sacramento, 1969), 3.
13. Ibid., 9; Steven Avella, Sacramento: Indomitable City (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2004), 39; Eifler, Gold Rush Capitalists, 98–100.
14. Lagomarsino, “Early Attempts,” 16.
15. Ibid., 11; Avella, Sacramento, 40.
16. Kenneth Garner, “Blocks Burned by Fire of 1852,” Golden Notes 18, no. 1 (March 1972).
17. K.D. Kurutz, “Sacramento’s Pioneer Patrons of Art,” Golden Notes 31, no. 2 (Summer 1985).
18. William L. Willis, History of Sacramento County (Los Angeles: Historic Record, 1913), 82–83.
19. Oscar Lewis, The Big Four (New York: Knopf, 1938), Chapters 2–5.
20. Robert O. Briggs, “The Sacramento Valley Railroad” (master’s thesis, Sacramento State College, 1954).
21. Rudolph M. Lapp, Archy Lee, A California Fugitive Slave Case (San Francisco: Book Club of California, 1969).
22. Lagomarsino, “Early Attempts,” 22; William M. Holden, Sacramento: Excursions into Its History and Natural World (Fair Oaks: Two Rivers Publishing, 1987), 197.
23. Lagomarsino, “Early Attempts,” 26.
24. Ibid., 52–69.
25. Eugene Itogawa, “New Channels for the American River,” Golden Notes 17, no. 3 (October 1971).
26. Lagomarsino, “Early Attempts,” 132.
27. Philip Choy, Canton Footprints (Sacramento: Chinese American Council of Sacramento, 2008), 4–10.
28. Jean Pfaelzer, Driven Out: The Forgotten War Against Chinese Americans (New York: Random House, 2007), 26–29.
29. Melford S. Weiss, Valley City: A Chinese Community in America (Cambridge, MA: Schenkman, 1974), 46–48.
30. Pfaelzer, Driven Out, 101.
31. Five Views: An Ethnic Sites Survey for California (Sacramento: Department of Parks and Recreation, 1982).
32. Mae Ngai, Impossible Subjects (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Press, 2005), 204–206.
33. Lawrence Tom, Sacramento’s Chinatown (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2010), 8–10.
34. Choy, Canton Footprints, 22; Dr. Herbert Yee, oral history interview, March 2012.
35. Ward McAfee, California’s Railroad Era, 1850–1911 (San Marino, CA: Golden West Books, 1973), 47–54.
36. William H. Gwinn, “The Freeport Railroad 1863–1865,” Golden Notes 17, no.1 (April 1971).
37. McAfee, Railroad Era, 47–59.
38. Lewis, The Big Four, 254–255.
39. Sacramento Record-Union, July 5, 1880.
40. “Fourth of July,” Golden Notes 18, no. 2 (July 1972): 1–9.
41. Rowena Wise Day, “Carnival of Lights,” Golden Notes 16, nos. 2 & 3 (July 1970); Robert D. Livingston, “Illuminating Sacramento: Wells Fargo and the Sacramento Gas Co.,” Golden Notes 27, no. 4, (Winter 1981).
42. George Mowry, The California Progressives (Chicago: Times Books, 1963), 85–89.
43. Ibid., 111–115.
44. Nathan Hallam, “The Historical Evolution of Sacramento’s Central City Street Grid,” (thesis, California State University, Sacramento, 2008).
45. Sacramento Street Fair and Trades Carnival brochure (Sacramento Chamber of Commerce, 1901).
46. Myrtle Lord Shaw, A Sacramento Saga (Sacramento Chamber of Commerce, 1946), 263.
47. Edith Pitti and Mary Praetzellis, History of the Golden Eagle Hotel, 1851–1874 (Santa Rosa, CA: Sonoma State University, 1980).
48. Paula Boghosian, Historic Environment Consultants historic resources survey of Sacramento (unpublished survey, City of Sacramento, 1980).
49. Albert Flink, A Century of Cinema in Sacramento, 1900–2000 (Sacramento: Andrew Flink, 2000), 15–22.
50. Shaw, Sacramento Saga, 187.
51. Charles Mulford Robinson, ”The Improvement of Sacramento,” (November 1908); John Nolen, “Del Paso Park, Sacramento, California,” (December, 1911); Werner Hegemann, “Report of Dr. Werner Hegemann,” (October 20, 1913) in “Sacramento City Planning Report,” (unpublished document, repr., Sacramento Chamber of Commerce, 1929).
52. William Mahan, “The Political Response to Urban Growth: Sacramento and Mayor Marshall R. Beard, 1863–1914,” California History 69, no. 4 (Winter 1990–1991).
53. Harre Demoro, Sacramento Northern (Berkeley, CA: Signature Press, 1991).
54. Jeffrey J. Moreau and David G. Stanley, Central California Traction (Berkeley, CA: Signature Press, 2002).
55. Sacramento Bee, September 16, 1907.
56. Sacramento Section, American Society of Civil Engineers, The Western Pacific Problem (Sacramento: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1945).
57. Boghosian, Historic Environment survey.
58. Willard Thompson, “David Lubin,” Sacramento’s Pioneer Merchant Philosopher,” Golden Notes 32, no.1 (Spring 1986).
59. Harris Weinstock, “A Personal History of Weinstock, Lubin & Co. for the Cornerstone of the 1903 Store,” Sacramento History Journal 5, nos. 2, 3, 4, (2005): 33–37.
60. Paul Groth, Living Downtown (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), 235.
61. Harris Weinstock papers, Bancroft Library, UC Berkeley.
62. Harris Weinstock, Report on the Labor Laws and Labor Conditions of Foreign Countries in Relation to Strikes and Lockouts (unpublished report, State of California, 1910).
63. Spencer C. Olin Jr., “Hiram Johnson, The Lincoln–Roosevelt League, and the Election of 1910,” California Historical Society Quarterly 43, no. 3 (September 1966): 225–240.
64. William Mahan, “William Land: A History of the Man and the Park,” Golden Notes 43, no. 2 (Spring/Summer 1997).
65. Willis, History of Sacramento County, 134–136, 803–806.
66. Five Views, 162.
67. Wayne Maeda, Changing Dreams and Treasured Memories: A Story of Japanese Americans in the Sacramento Region (Sacramento: Sacramento Japanese American Citizens League, 2000), 96–119.
68. Ibid., 118–123.
69. Ernesto Galarza, Barrio Boy (Notre Dame, IN: Univeristy of Notre Dame, 1971), 265.
70. Carolyn Mirich, Crown Prince of the Whiskerinos (Charleston, SC: BookSurge, 2006).
71. Sacramento Bee, “Doctors Say Knox’s Decision Is a Just One,” May 11, 1923, 2.
72. Sacramento Bee, “Liquor Raids in City This Month Hit Forty-Eight,” January 19, 1928, 1; Sacramento Bee, “Five Places Raided by Federal Agents,” December 17, 1928, 9.
73. Paula Boghosian, unpublished historic building survey of 708 K Street, Sacramento City Planning Department, 1981.
74. Sacramento Bee, “Liquor Is Seized at Capital Hotel; Warrant for August Ruhstaller,” March 12, 1925, 27; Sacramento Bee, “Ruhstaller, Liquor Juror, Is Charged with Possession,” March 13, 1925, 5.
75. Sacramento Bee, “Japanese Liquor Nabbed in Raid,” December 8, 1925, 27.
76. John F. Burns, Sacramento: Gold Rush Legacy, Metropolitan Destiny (Dallas, TX: Heritage Media Corporation, 1999); Sacramento Bee, “City Finds Headache Hurts Just as Usual Despite Repeal and Real Liquors,” December 6, 1933, 1.
77. Paul Frobose, “Sacramento’s Golden Decade of Movie-Making,” Golden Notes 38, no. 2 (Summer 1992): 9.
78. Ibid.
79. Flink, Century of Cinema, 30–36; John N. Wilson, Brief Stories about Music and Musicians in Sacramento. (Sacramento: John N. Wilson, 1980), chapter 11.
80. Maeda, Changing Dreams, 164–165; George Yoshida, Reminiscing in Swingtime: Japanese Americans in American Popular Music, 1925–1960 (n.p.: National Japanese American Historical Society, 1993), 25–29, 67–78.
81. Choy, Canton Footprints, 100; interview with Tom family member by author, March 2012.
82. Portuguese Historical & Cultural Society photo records; Dolores Silva Greenslate (archivist at the Portuguese Historical & Cultural Society), interview with the author, April 2007.
83. Buddy Baer, Autobiography of Buddy Baer (Claremont, CA: Rhino Records, 2003).
84. Clarence Caesar, An Historical Overview of Sacramento’s African American Community (thesis, California State University, Sacramento, 1985); Keith Burns, interview with the author, February 2012.
85. Guphy Gustafson, “Farm Fresh: Sacramento’s Country Music Legacy,” Midtown Monthly (September 2011): 44–45; Bruce Tucker, “Tell Tchaikovsky the News: Postmodernism, Popular Culture, and the Emergence of Rock ’N Roll,” Black Music Research Journal 9, no. 2 (1989); “Billy Jack Wills Show,” http://archive.org/details/otr_billyjackwills, accessed April 2012.
86. George Raya, interview with the author, February 2012.
87. Mark Gaffney, “Presentation to Sacramento County Historical Society,” November 2010. Audio recording, Sacramento County Historical Society.
88. George Raya, Maryellen Burns and Mike Munson, interviews with the author, February–April 2012.
89. “Traffic Division Chief P.J. Bennett,” Police and Peace Officers’ Journal (November–December 1947): 10, 43–45; “Traffic Better in Sacramento,” Police and Peace Officers’ Journal (November–December 1947): 55.
90. “Sacramento Scramble,” Police and Peace Officers’ Journal (May 1952): 13–32.
91. Tim Foster, “Hot August Knights,” Midtown Monthly, September 2008, http://www.midtownmonthly.net/life/hot-august-knights/
92. George Raya, Maryellen Burns and Mike Munson, interviews with the author, February–April 2012.
93. “KROY Radio,” http://www.1240kroy.com, accessed May 2012; Alex Cosper, “1240 KROY,” http://www.playlistresearch.com/sacradio-kroy.htm, accessed May 2012; Dennis Newhall, “Sacramento Rock &Radio Museum,” http://www.sacrockmuseum.org, accessed May 2012.
94. Sacramento Bee, “The ‘Alameda Lovelies’ Take Closing Bow,” July 11, 1962.
95. James J. Brown, “Looking Around,” Sacramento Bee, January 24, 1960.
96. Sacramento Bee, “‘Ritual’ of Burlesque Returns to Capital Stage,” September 5, 1965.
97. Sacramento Bee, “Burlesque or Not? City Council Will Decide,” September 24, 1965, C1; Advertisements, Sacramento Union, January 13, 1967, B11.
98. Mike Munson, interview with the author, April 2012.
99. Howard B. Leonard, Relocation Profile: The Final Relocation Report on Project No. Calif. R-18—Capitol Mall Extension (unpublished, Redevelopment Agency of the City of Sacramento, 1964); Davis McEntire, Relocation Plan: Slum Area Labor Market, Sacramento (unpublished, Redevelopment Agency of the City of Sacramento, 1959).
100. “City of Sacramento: Senile and Satisfied,” Fortnight (September 15, 1954); “Sacramento: In the Center of Our California Heartland,” Motorland (March/April 1955).
101. Hansel Hope Cudgens, The Impact of Sacramento’s Suburban Shopping Centers on Her Central Business District, 1966 (thesis, California State University Sacramento, 1966), 31–56, 69–76.
102. Robert Fogelson, Downtown: Its Rise and Fall, 1880–1950 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001), 347–349; Kenneth Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985), 212–230.
103. Brian Roberts, “Redevelopment at the Crossroads: How Sacramento City Chose Between Priorities in the 1950s,” Golden Notes 35, no. 2 (Summer 1989).
104. Roberto Brambilla and Gianni Longo, For Pedestrians Only (New York: Whitney Library of Design, 1977).
105. Sacramento Redevelopment Agency, “A Decade of Community Planning for Pedestrian Malls in the West End Redevelopment Area” (unpublished report, April 10, 1962).
106. Carolyn Johnson, “Citizens Want Alhambra, Get Convention Center,” Sacramento State Hornet, October 4, 1972, 5.
107. Sacramento Bee, “Flight to Suburbs Added Urgency to Need,” December 5, 1969.
108. Leonard, Relocation Profile; McEntire, Relocation Plan; Roberts, “Redevelopment” 11–14.
109. D.F. Stevens, “K Stereet Mall Traffic Bulletin No. 2” (unpublished document, City of Sacramento, May 16, 1969) Sacramento Bee, “Downtown Plaza Mall Opens with Rites, Customers,” December 7, 1969.
110. Sacramento Bee, “Planner of ‘Fastest Mall in History’ Seeks ‘Involvement’ in ‘Tilted Planes,’” December 5, 1969.
111. Leo Dabhagian, interview with the author, March 2012.
112. Brambilla and Longo, For Pedestrians Only, 136–139.
113. Alex Cosper, “The Legend of KZAP,” http://www.playlistresearch.com/kzap.htm#early.
114. Ibid.
115. Michael Pierce, e-mail to the author, April 2012; Dennis Newhall (curator at Sacramento Rock & Radio Museum), interview with the author, May 2012.
116. Carlyle Reed, “Melarkey Shows Irresponsibility,” Sacramento Union, March 30, 1973, A2.
117. Patrick Melarkey, letter to editor, Sacramento State Hornet, April 11, 1973.
118. Dennis Newhall (curator at Sacramento Rock & Radio Museum), interview with the author, July 2011; Doug Taggart, interview with the author, September 2011; Sacramento State Hornet articles, various dates, Fall 1972–Spring 1973 semesters.
119. Andrea Juno and V. Vale, Incredibly Strange Music, vol. 1 (San Francisco: RE/Search, 1993), 6–12.
120. Ibid.
121. Ibid.