1 The principal source of information on the portage and all that relates to it is Percy J. Robinson, Toronto during the French Regime: a history of the Toronto region from Brule to Simcoe, 1615–1793 (Toronto, 1965). On the posts at Toronto there is some information in Frank H. Severance, An Old Frontier of France: the Niagara region and adjacent lakes under French control (2 vols., New York, 1917)
2 Metropolitan Toronto Central Library, Memorials of the North West Company
3 For the treaties and reservations see J. L. Morris, Indians of Ontario (Toronto, 1943)
4 Collins’ report is printed in Report of the Bureau of Archives for the Province of Ontario, 1905, p. 379
5 The correspondence reflecting Simcoe’s thinking will be found in E. A. Cruikshank, ed., The Correspondence of Lieutenant-Governor John Graves Simcoe, with allied documents relating to the administration of the government of Upper Canada (5 vols., Toronto, 1923–31)
1 Mary Quayle Innis, ed., Mrs. Simcoe’s Diary (Toronto, 1965)
2 Edith G. Firth, ed., The Town of York, 1793–1815: a collection of documents of early Toronto (Toronto, 1962), p. lxxviii. Throughout this chapter I have been aided by this valuable book.
3 Some of William Jarvis’ letters were printed in the Women’s Canadian Historical Society of Toronto in 1922. Others will be found in manuscript in the William Jarvis Papers in the Metropolitan Toronto Central Library.
4 Metropolitan Toronto Central Library, Elizabeth Russell Papers
5 Cruikshank, The Correspondence of Lieutenant-Governor John Graves Simcoe, IV, 233. For pictures and descriptions of early houses see Eric Arthur, Toronto: no mean city (Toronto, 1964)
6 Ontario Archives, John Macaulay Papers
7 Metropolitan Toronto Central Library, Jarvis Papers. Agreement with Abner Miles, 26 August 1794
8 Ontario Archives, J. B. Robinson Papers. An undated list, by streets, of houses and other buildings erected before 1812
9 ‘Minutes of the Court of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace for the Home District, 1800–1811’ (Twenty-first Report of the Department of Public Records and Archives of Ontario, 1932)
10 Extensive lists of goods advertised for sale are printed in J. Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto (Toronto, 1894–1914), I and III
11 In the Thirteen Colonies the dollar (which came from the Spanish West Indies) was officially rated at six shillings. In practice, however, it was rated at five shillings in Massachusetts, and this, under the name of Halifax, was introduced into Nova Scotia. In Upper and Lower Canada the dollar was rated at eight shillings as in New York, and the name was abbreviated to ‘York.’ At a later date, however, the Halifax rating became the common one in Upper Canada.
12 Henry Scadding, Toronto of Old, ed. F. H. Armstrong (Toronto, 1966), p. 275 ff. For documents concerning lower Yonge Street see also Firth, Town of York, 1793–1815
13 The text of the memorial is in Firth, Town of York, 1793–1815, p. 154; see also Percy J. Robinson, ‘Yonge Street and the North West Company’ (Canadian Historical Review, XXIV, no. 3)
14 One of the few exceptions is the chatty diary of Ely Playter who managed a tavern and jotted down large and small events in the town. The original is in the Public Archives of Ontario and extracts are printed in Firth, Town of York, 1793–1815.
15 Elizabeth Collard, Nineteenth-century Pottery and Porcelain in Canada (Montreal, 1967)
1 J. Mackay Hitsman, The Incredible War of 1812: a military history (Toronto, 1965), p. 123. This book is a modern and general account of the war.
2 William Wood, ed., Select British Documents of the Canadian War of 1812 (4 vols., Toronto, 1920–6), I, 258
3 There is no single and detailed study of the capture of York. Brief accounts are in Hitsman, The Incredible War of 1812; in Charles W. Humphries, ‘The Capture of York’ (Ontario History, LI, no. 1); and in Firth, Town of York, 1793–1815. The last also has relevant documents. An important source is E. Cruikshank, ed., The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier in the Year 1813, part 1 (Welland, 1902). Some short documents in the Metropolitan Toronto Central Library are of interest: ‘Description of York … written at the time of capture and occupation by General Dearborn … ’; (United States) ‘General Orders, 30 April 1813’; ‘Statement by Citizens of York, 30 April 1813.’
4 The draft letter is in the Metropolitan Toronto Central Library. Throughout the war Strachan was useful in rallying the loyal and arranging for the comfort of troops, but unfortunately his self-confidence led him to regard himself as an authority on military strategy. Others of his utterances are in J. L. H. Henderson, ed., John Strachan: documents and opinions (Toronto, 1969), p. 40 ff.
5 The text is in Edith G. Firth, ed., The Town of York, 1815–1834: a further collection of documents of early Toronto (Toronto, 1966), p. 4
6 Helen I. Cowan, British Emigration to British North America: the first hundred years (Toronto, 1961)
7 Authentic Letters from Upper Canada, including an account of Canadian field sports by Thomas William Magrath: the whole edited by the Rev. Thomas Radcliff: illustrated by Samuel Lover and introduced by James John Talman (Toronto, 1953), p. 67
8 Audrey Saunders Miller, ed., The Journals of Mary O’Brien, 1828–1838 (Toronto, 1968). This remarkable woman’s diary is a mine of information.
9 Firth, Town of York, 1815–1834, p. 36
10 Weller is not a common name and it would be interesting to know whether Charles Dickens’ Tony Weller had a literary relationship to William of Upper Canada. Pickwick Papers was published before Dickens visited North America but he might have noticed the name in one of the many guides to immigrants that were published in England.
11 Ontario Archives, Robinson Papers
12 T. W. Acheson, ‘John Baldwin: colonial entrepreneur’ (Ontario History, LXI, no. 3)
13 On early banks see Gerald M. Craig, Upper Canada: the formative years, 1784–1841 (Toronto, 1963); R. Craig McIvor, Canadian Monetary, Banking and Fiscal Development (Toronto, 1958); and Victor Ross, A History of the Canadian Bank of Commerce, with an account of the other banks which now form part of its organization (2 vols., Toronto, 1920–22), 1
14 For location and description of buildings see Scadding, Toronto of Old; Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto; York Commercial Directory, street guide and registry, 1833–34 … compiled and arranged by George Walton (York, UC, [1834]); and Arthur, Toronto: no mean city
15 Ontario Archives, Robinson Papers. Policy dated 27 October 1830, Phoenix Assurance Company of London, England
16 One question put to a select committee of the House of Assembly in 1828 was the proportion of Anglicans to all Christians in Upper Canada. The answers ranged from one-sixth to one-one-hundredth. J. B. Robinson said he did not know and did not think that anyone else did. George W. Spragge, ed., The John Strachan Letter Book, 1812–1834 (Toronto, 1946), p. 536n.
17 In addition to Spragge, Letter Book, see Henderson, John Strachan: documents and opinions, and John Strachan, 1778–1867 (Toronto, 1969). For a general study of the churches see S. D. Clark, Church and Sect in Canada (Toronto, 1948)
18 The original indenture is in the Metropolitan Toronto Central Library.
19 J. Ross Robertson, The History of Freemasonry in Canada, from its introduction in 1749 (2 vols., Toronto, 1900); Henry T. Smith, History of St. Andrew’s Lodge A.F. and A.M. No. 16, G.R.C., 1822–1922 (Toronto, 1922)
20 W. B. Kerr, The Orange Order in Upper Canada (articles in the Sentinel in 1939); Firth, Town of York, 1815–1834
21 J. George Hodgins, The Establishment of Schools and Colleges in Ontario, 1792–1910 (3 vols., Toronto, 1910)
22 Examples are printed in Firth, Town of York, 1815–1834.
23 R. I. Harris, ‘Christopher Widmer, 1780–1858, and the Toronto General Hospital’ (York Pioneer, 1965). On the medical profession see also William Canniff, The Medical Profession in Upper Canada, 1783–1850 (Toronto, 1894); and H. B. Anderson, ‘An Historical Sketch of the Medical Profession of Toronto’(Canadian Medical Association Journal, XVI, 446)
24 On health and medicine see John J. Heagerty, Four Centuries of Medical History in Canada, and a sketch of the medical history of Newfoundland (2 vols., Toronto, 1928); and ‘Toronto Papers, Board of Health,’ manuscripts in the Metropolitan Toronto Central Library
25 Ontario Archives, Macaulay Papers. Robert Stanton to Macaulay, 10 June 1826
26 Edith G. Firth, ed., Early Toronto Newspapers, 1793–1867 (Toronto, 1961)
27 S. A. Heward and W. S. Wallace, eds., ‘An American Lady in Old Toronto: the letters of Julia Lambert, 1821–1854’ (Royal Society of Canada, Proceedings and Transactions, 1946)
28 E. S. Dunlop, ed., Our Forest Home: being extracts from the correspondence of the late Frances Stewart. 2nd ed., ed. Frances Brown (Montreal, 1902)
29 The quotations from Duncan, Elmsley, Henry, and Jackson are in Firth, Town of York, 1815–1834.
1 E. A. Cruikshank and A. F. Hunter, eds., The Correspondence of the Honourable Peter Russell, with allied documents relating to the administration of the government of Upper Canada during the official term of Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe (3 vols., Toronto, 1932–6), 1, 229. Russell to Elmsley, 12 June 1799
2 Firth, Town of York, 1815–1834, p. lxxii ff.
3 F. H. Armstrong, ‘Toronto in Transition: the emergence of a city, 1828–1838’ (unpublished PH D thesis, University of Toronto, 1965); ‘William Lyon Mackenzie, First Mayor of Toronto: a study of a critic in power’ (Canadian Historical Review, XLVIII, no. 4)
4 Ontario Archives, Macaulay Papers
5 Metropolitan Toronto Central Library, ‘Sketch of events in Toronto and vicinity during the months of October, November and December,’ by James Fitzgibbon, dated 13 December 1837; William Kilbourn, The Firebrand: William Lyon Mackenzie and the rebellion in Upper Canada (Toronto, 1956). Bond Head’s own account, A Narrative, was published early in 1839. It was republished in 1969, edited by S. F. Wise and with Mackenzie’s comments added. It throws more light on the characters of Head and Mackenzie than on the events of the rebellion.
6 City of Toronto Archives, Toronto City Council Papers (in manuscript until 1859)
7 C. R. Sanderson, ed., The Arthur Papers: being the Canadian papers mainly confidential, private and demi-official of Sir George Arthur in the manuscript collection of the Toronto Public Libraries (3 vols., Toronto, 1957–9), 1,254. Arthur to the Archbishop of Canterbury, 11 August 1838
8 J. O. Coté, ed., Political Appointments and Elections in the Province of Canada from 1841 to 1865 (Ottawa, 1866)
9 H. E. MacDermot, One Hundred Years of Medicine in Canada, 1867–1967 (Toronto,1967)
10 Henderson, John Strachan: documents and opinions, p. 177
11 W. H. Pearson, Recollections and Records of Toronto of Old (Toronto, 1914)
12 Sigmund Samuel, In Return: the autobiography of Sigmund Samuel (Toronto, 1963); David Eisen, ‘Jewish Settlers of Old Toronto’(Jewish Standard, December 1965 – April 1966); Albert Rose, ed., A People and Its Faith: essays on Jews and reform Judaism in a changing Canada (Toronto, 1959)
13 Ontario Archives, Robinson Papers. ‘Number of coloured persons resident in Toronto and liberties, July 25, 1840.’ See also Daniel G. Hill, ‘Negroes in Toronto, 1763–1865’ (Ontario History, LV, no. 2), and F. H. Armstrong, ‘The Toronto Directories and the Negro Community in the Late 1840’s’ (Ontario History, LXI, no. 2)
14 Report of the past history and present conditions of the Common or Public Schools of the City of Toronto (Toronto, 1859)
15 The original minutes with newspaper clippings are in the Metropolitan Toronto Central Library.
16 Frank Norman Walker, Sketches of Old Toronto (Toronto, 1965), chap. 13
17 J. Russell Harper, ‘Landscape Painting in Upper Canada,’ in Ontario Historical Society, Profiles of a Province: studies in the history of Ontario (Toronto, 1967)
18 Murray D. Edwards, A Stage in Our Past: English-language theatre in Eastern Canada from the 1790s to 1914 (Toronto, 1968)
19 Metropolitan Toronto Central Library, Diary of Larratt Smith
1 Edward M. Hodder, The Harbours and Ports of Lake Ontario (Toronto, 1857)
2 For descriptions and history of the harbour and waterfront see V. M. Roberts, ‘Memorabilia, being a collection of extracts relating to the origin of the name Toronto and history of the waterfront of the city, its harbour and shipping from 1669 to 1912, gathered from standard authorities and newspapers.’ This valuable collection, in typed form, is in the Metropolitan Toronto Central Library.
3 The Port and Harbour of Toronto, 1834–1934, centennial year [Toronto, 1934]. Probably written by V. M. Roberts
4 F. H. Armstrong, ‘Toronto’s First Railway’ (Ontario History, LVIII, no. 1)
5 G. R. Stevens, Canadian National Railways (2 vols., Toronto, 1960–2), 1, chap. 12
6 Preliminary report of the engineer on the survey of the various routes for the proposed ship canal to connect the waters of Lakes Huron and Ontario at Toronto, to the President of the Board of Trade. 22 January 1857
7 Provincial Exhibition, 1858. Facts for the people about the Toronto and Georgian Bay Ship Canal (broadside to accompany a topographical model)
8 Report of Thomas C. Keefer of survey of Georgian Bay canal route to Lake Ontario by way of Lake Scugog (Whitby, 1863)
9 Report of select committee on Georgian Bay and Lake Ontario Ship Canal, 1864; Report of select committee on the Georgian Bay Ship Canal through the west of Ontario, 1864; Second report of the select committee on the Huron and Ontario Ship Canal, 1869
10 Canada, Sessional Papers, 1871 (no. 54)
11 On transportation generally see G. P. de T. Glazebrook, A History of Transportation in Canada (2 vols., Toronto, 1964)
12 Douglas McCalla, ‘The Commercial Politics of the Toronto Board of Trade, 1850–1860’ (Canadian Historical Review, L, no. 1)
13 Annual Tables of Trade and Navigation (appendices to the Journals of the Legislative Assembly)
14 Metropolitan Toronto Central Library, James Lesslie, ‘Resume of Events in Toronto.’
15 Joseph Schull, 100 Years of Banking in Canada: a history of the Toronto-Dominion Bank (Toronto, 1958)
16 Ross, A History of the Canadian Bank of Commerce
17 The Western of Toronto: a century of insurance (Toronto, [1950])
18 G. R. Stevens, The Canada Permanent Story (n.p., 1955)
19 Lyndhurst Ogden, Sketch of the Toronto Stock Exchange, 1852–1913 (Toronto, 1913)
20 The censuses for 1850–1 and 1860–1 include statistics on all manufacturing firms in Toronto.
21 S. D. Clark, The Canadian Manufacturers’ Association: a study in collective bargaining and political pressure (Toronto, 1939)
22 Firth, Town of York, 1815–1834, pp. 31–5
23 Sanderson, The Arthur Papers, 11, 390
24 V. M. Roberts, The Trail of the Canadian National Exhibition: an illustrated historical souvenir (Toronto, 1925)
25 Documents concerning the esplanade are in Roberts, ‘Memorabilia’
26 Arthur, Toronto: no mean city
27 A Member of the Press [George P. Ure], The Hand-Book of Toronto, containing its climate, geology, natural history, educational institutions, courts of law, municipal arrangements, etc., etc. (Toronto, 1858)
28 Loris S. Russell, A Heritage of Light: lamps and lighting in the early Canadian home (Toronto, 1968)
29 Toronto Police Force: a brief account of the force since its reorganization in 1859 up to the present date (Toronto, 1886)
30 Toronto City Council Minutes, 1859
31 W. H. Pearson, who was for some years an employee of the Post Office, describes it in his Recollections and Records of Toronto of Old.
1 First report of the commission on municipal institutions appointed by the government of the Province of Ontario (Ontario Sessional Paper no. 42, 1888); Second report … (Ontario Sessional Paper no. 13, 1889)
2 For lists of those concerned with local government see By-laws of the City of Toronto of general application and showing those passed since 13th January 1890 to 22nd February 1904 … together with the names of the members of the municipal council and principal officials … (Toronto, 1904)
3 The readiest guides to the history of annexations are a map hung in the City of Toronto Archives and a list prepared by the archivists.
4 On the printers’ strike see H. A. Logan, Trade Unions in Canada: their development and functioning (Toronto, 1948); J. M. S. Careless, Brown of the Globe (2 vols., Toronto, 1959–63); D. G. Creighton, ‘George Brown, Sir John Macdonald, and the “Workingman”: an episode in the history of the Canadian labour movement’ (Canadian Historical Review, XXIV, no. 4); University of Toronto Archives, Minutes of the Toronto District Trades and Labor Council
5 Report of the commissioners appointed to enquire into the working of mills and factories of the Dominion, and the labor employed therein (Sessional Paper no. 42, 1882)
6 Report of the royal commission on the relations of labor and capital in Canada (Ottawa, 1889)
7 Ruth Elizabeth Spence, Prohibition in Canada: a memorial to Francis Stephens Spence (Toronto, 1919)
8 Mary Quayle Innis, Unfold the Years: a history of the Young Women’s Christian Association in Canada (Toronto, 1949)
9 Papers relating to the estate of the late Andrew Mercer, of the City of Toronto, Esquire, who died unmarried, intestate, and without heirs (Ontario Sessional Paper no. 38, 1878)
10 Most of the Toronto papers are touched on in W. H. Kesterton, A History of Journalism in Canada (Toronto, 1967).
11 Elisabeth Wallace, Goldwin Smith: Victorian liberal (Toronto, 1957)
12 See Careless, Brown of the Globe; Hector Charlesworth, Candid Chronicles: leaves from the note book of a Canadian journalist (Toronto, 1925), and More Candid Chronicles (Toronto, 1928); Sir John Willison, Reminiscences, political and personal (Toronto, 1919)
13 Ontario Archives, Thomas Charles Patteson Papers
14 F. H. Brigden, ‘The Ontario Society of Artists’ (Canadian Review of Music and Art, VI, nos. 1–4)
15 Roberts, The Trail of the Canadian National Exhibition
16 Metropolitan Toronto Central Library, J. G. Howard Papers
17 Drawings and descriptions of Hanlan’s and Duck’s hotels are in J. Clarence Duff, Pen Sketches of Historic Toronto (Toronto, 1967)
1 A detailed account is in Roy C. Dalton, The Jesuits’ Estates Question, 1760–1888: a study of the background for the agitation of 1889 (Toronto, 1968)
2 Jesse Edgar Middleton, The Municipality of Toronto: a history (3 vols., Toronto, 1923), 11, 788
3 Public Archives of Canada, Laurier Papers. Letter dated 17 June 1889
4 The views of McCarthy and Archbishop Lynch are well illustrated in the newspapers and also in correspondence with J. A. Macdonald (Public Archives of Canada, Macdonald Papers).
5 The Globe, 17 January 1889
6 Ontario Archives, J. P. Whitney Papers. Letter dated 5 September 1890
7 Metropolitan Toronto Central Library, Diary of Helen Sarah Grant Macdonald
8 W. G. Larder, ‘Controversy in the Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec, 1903–1929’ (unpublished BD thesis, McMaster University, 1950); Alan Wilson, John Northway: a blue serge Canadian (Toronto, 1965)
9 J. V. McAree, Cabbagetown Store (Toronto, 1953)
10 In Candid Chronicles and More Candid Chronicles Charlesworth wrote of music and the stage in the nineties.
11 The readiest guides are the city directories.
12 For accounts and pictures of the buildings mentioned above and of others of the same period, see Eric Arthur, Toronto: no mean city.
13 Toronto Transportation Commission, Wheels of Progress (Toronto, 1953); Toronto Transit Commission, Transit in Toronto, 1849–1967 (Toronto, 1967)
14 John F. Due, The Intercity Electric Railway Industry in Canada (Toronto, 1966)
15 W. Sanford Evans, The Canadian Contingents and Canadian Imperialism: a story and a study (London, 1901)
1 Roland Wilson, ‘Migration Movements in Canada, 1868–1925’ (Canadian Historical Review, XIII, no. 2)
2 Harold A. Innis, ‘Settlement and the Mining Frontier’ in W. A. Mackintosh and W. L. G. Joerg [eds.], Canadian Frontiers of Settlement, IX (Toronto, 1936); L. Carson Brown, Ontario’s Mineral Heritage (Toronto, 1965); Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, From Watershed to Watermark (n.p., 1967); Fred W. Field, The Resources and Trade Prospects of Northern Ontario: a special report made on behalf of the Toronto Board of Trade (Toronto, 1911). Apart from its intrinsic interest the latter volume is revealing of the awareness of Toronto of the new possibilities of the north.
3 Department of External Affairs, Documents on Canadian External Relations, 1, 1909–18 (Ottawa, 1967), pp. 59, 61
4 See above, p. 106
5 The Toronto Board of Trade’s pamphlet, Canada’s Canal Problem and Its Solution, is undated but was evidently published in 1910 or 1911. The Canadian Federation of Boards of Trade and Municipalities launched into an indignant defence of the Ottawa waterway in Canada’s Canal Problem and Its Solution: a reply to the Toronto Board of Trade (also undated but probably published in 1912).
6 Toronto Harbour Commissioners, Toronto’s Waterfront Development, 1912–1920; Toronto Municipal Handbook, 1927, p. 142
7 G. de T. Glazebrook, Katharine B. Brett, and Judith McErvel, A Shopper’s View of Canada’s Past: pages from Eaton’s catalogues, 1886–1930 (Toronto, 1969)
8 Ross, A History of the Canadian Bank of Commerce
9 Donald Kerr and Jacob Spelt. The Changing Face of Toronto: a study in urban geography (Ottawa, 1965), p. 80
10 Census of Canada, 1901 and 1911
11 Casa Loma: Canada’s famous castle, published by the Toronto Kiwanis Club about 1939
12 Board of Inquiry into the Cost of Living in Canada: report of the board (2 vols., Ottawa, 1915)
13 I was given the privilege of examining the working papers which are in private hands.
14 But curiously little has been written on the impact of the depression on Toronto or on Ontario generally. The principal work is H. M. Cassidy, Unemployment and Relief in Ontario, 1929–1932: a survey and report (Toronto, 1932).
1 Report of the lieutenant-governor’s committee on housing, 1934
2 Lewis Duncan, Report on housing for the City of Toronto, 1942
3 Examples of household appliances and furniture may be found in Glazebrook, Brett, and McErvel, A Shopper’s View of Canada’s Past.
4 Metropolitan Toronto Central Library, Diary of Mrs Mary Robertson
5 C. T. Currelly, I Brought the Ages Home (Toronto, 1956); G. P. de T. Glazebrook, Sir Edmund Walker (London, 1933)
6 Leo Smith, ‘Music’ (Encyclopaedia of Canada, IV, ed. W. S. Wallace); Ernest MacMillan, ed., Music in Canada (Toronto, 1955); A Responsive Chord: the story of the Toronto Mendelssohn Choir, 1894–1969 (Toronto, n.d.)
7 R. H. Hubbard, The Development of Canadian Art (Ottawa, n.d.); J. Russell Harper, Painting in Canada: a history (Toronto, 1966)
8 K. G. Crawford, Canadian Municipal Government (Toronto, 1954); R. K. Ross, Local Government in Ontario (Toronto, 1962)
9 Annual Report of the Toronto Board of Trade, 1905; H. C. Goldenberg, Municipal Finance in Canada: a study prepared for the Royal Commission on Dominion-Provincial Relations (Ottawa, 1939); H. E. Manning, Assessment and Rating: municipal taxation in Canada (Toronto, 1962)
10 Toronto Municipal Handbook, 1927
11 John H. Dales, Hydroelectricity and Industrial Development, Quebec, 1898–1940 (Cambridge, Mass., 1957); C. A. S. Hall, ‘Electric Utilities in Ontario under Private Ownership, 1890–1914’ (unpublished PH D thesis, University of Toronto, 1968); E. M. Ashworth, Toronto Hydro Recollections (Toronto, 1955)
12 Toronto Guild of Civic Art, Report on a comprehensive plan for systematic civic improvements in Toronto (Toronto, 1909)
13 Report of the Civic Improvement Committee for the City of Toronto, 1911
14 Report of Messrs Jacobs and Davies on street railway transportation in the City of Toronto (New York, 1910)
15 For the radial scheme proposed by Beck and the Ontario Hydro see Due, The Intercity Electric Railway Industry in Canada, chap. 5.
16 Report to the Civic Transportation Committee on radial railway entrances and rapid transit for the City of Toronto (2 vols., Toronto, 1915). The maps in the second volume are of exceptional value.
17 Toronto Transit Commission, Transit in Toronto, 1849–1967
18 Civic Guild, Report on widening College Street, 1911
19 Street and bridge problems of the Reservoir Park District of Toronto: plan of treatment devised by the Civic Guild, 1917
20 Report of the Advisory City Planning Commission and recommendations for the improvement of the central business section of the City of Toronto, 1929
21 Report of civic department heads re the Advisory City Planning Commission report for the improvement of the City of Toronto, 1929
22 Toronto Civic Guild, Two suggested additions to Toronto highways, 1930
23 City of Toronto: report on a survey of the treasury, assessment, works, fire, and property departments. Prepared for the City Survey Committee by the New York Bureau of Municipal Research, 1913
24 Annual Report of Toronto Bureau of Municipal Research, 1915
25 Official master programme, Toronto centennial celebrations
26 Suzanne M. Skebo, ‘Liberty and Authority: civil liberties in Toronto, 1929–1935’ (unpublished MA thesis, University of British Columbia, 1968)
27 J. de N. Kennedy, History of the Department of Munitions and Supply: Canada in the second world war (2 vols., Ottawa, 1950); Department of Reconstruction and Supply, Location and Effects of Wartime Industrial Expansion in Canada, 1939–1944
1 A. F. W. Plumptre, ‘Report on the government of the metropolitan area of Toronto’ (typed, 1935). A copy is in the library of the University of Toronto.
2 Leroy O. Stone, Urban Development in Canada: an introduction to the demographic aspects (1961 Census Monographs, Ottawa, 1967); and the article ‘Recent Trends in Urbanization and Metropolitan Growth’ in the Canada Year Book, 1969, by the same author
3 Civic Advisory Council of Toronto, First Report, 1949; Final Report, 1951
4 This body was composed of five members appointed by the city and four by the county. It superseded the Toronto and Suburban Planning Board.
5 Ontario Municipal Board: decisions and recommendations of the Board, 1953
6 John C. Bollens, Special District Governments in the United States (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1957); John J. Clarke, A History of Local Government of the United Kingdom (London, 1955); W. Eric Jackson, The Structure of Local Government in England and Wales (London, 1966)
7 Metropolitan Toronto Commission of Inquiry: first report, 1958
8 Ontario Department of Economics, A Report on the Metropolitan Toronto System of Government. Prepared for the special committee of the metro council on metro affairs, 1961. On the early years of metro see also John G. Grumm, Metropolitan Area Government: the Toronto experience (University of Kansas, 1959); Frank Smallwood, Metro Toronto, a decade later (Bureau of Municipal Research, Toronto, 1963); and Harold Kaplan, Urban Political Systems: a functional analysis of Metro Toronto (New York, 1967)
9 H. Carl Goldenberg, Report of the Royal Commission on Metropolitan Toronto, 1965
10 Nathan Phillips, Mayor of All the People (Toronto, 1967)
11 City of Toronto Planning Board, Proposed Revision of Standards, 1956. The full report, of which this is an abstract, is entitled Report on Residential Zoning Standards, 1956.
12 City of Toronto Planning Board, The Changing City: a forecast of planning issues for the City of Toronto, 1956–1980, 1959
13 City of Toronto Planning Board, Plan for the Annex, 1959
14 City of Toronto Planning Board, Plan for the Don, 1963
1 Two sections of the Canadian census for 1966 are of particular interest in this connection. Statistics are broken down by small districts, these being shown on maps. They are ‘Retail Trade, metropolitan areas by census tracts’ and ‘Service Trades, metropolitan areas by census tracts.’ On the downtown area generally see also Kerr and Spelt, The Changing Face of Toronto, chap. 7
2 See the bulletin in the 1966 census on ‘Population characteristics by census tracts’
3 S. D. Clark emphasizes the latter motive in The Suburban Society (Toronto, 1966).
4 Ontario Economic Review, VII, no. 6, pp. 4, 12
5 The census of 1961 remains the authoritative source since that of 1966 did not cover ethnic origin, birthplace, or language. Later figures of immigration for all Canada are in Department of Manpower and Immigration, 1969 Immigration, Canada. Unofficial calculations help to fill the gaps.
6 By Anthony H. Richmond in Immigrants and Ethnic Groups in Metropolitan Toronto (York University, 1967). An earlier study was made by the Toronto Planning Board, A report on the ethnic origins of the population of Toronto, 1960.
7 Census of Canada, 1961: ‘Population, ethnic groups.’
8 On this point see Anthony H. Richmond, Post-War Immigrants in Canada (Toronto, 1967).
9 Metropolitan Toronto Council, Metropolitan Toronto, 1967. This report includes information on all aspects of the council’s responsibilities.
10 Dominion Bureau of Statistics, Directory of Private Schools, 1969–70
11 Toronto Transit Commission, Transit in Toronto, 1849–1967
12 The Metropolitan Department of Roads has issued biennial reports.
13 See above, p. 68.
14 The Metropolitan Board of Commissioners of Police publishes annual reports.
15 Herbert Whittaker, Canada’s National Ballet (Toronto, 1967)
1 N. S. B. Gras, An Introduction to Economic History (New York, 1922)
2 J. M. S. Careless, ‘Frontierism, Metropolitanism, and Canadian History’ (Canadian Historical Review, XXXV, no. 1)
3 See above, pp. 257–60
4 Dominion Bureau of Statistics, Cheques Cashed in Clearing Centres, 1968
5 Dominion Bureau of Statistics, Preliminary Bulletin: manufacturing industries, 1967; Dominion Bureau of Statistics and Department of Trade, Industry and Commerce, Private and Public Investment in Canada, outlook 1970; Census of Canada, 1961: ‘Labour force, metropolitan areas’
6 Census of Canada, 1961: ‘General review, merchandising: wholesale trade’
7 Census of Canada, 1966: ‘Retail trade: provinces and cities by kind of business’
8 See three publications in the 1966 Census on service trades: ‘Metropolitan areas by census tracts,’ ‘Counties or census divisions cities and towns,’ and ‘Provinces and cities by kind of business.’
9 Ontario Economic Review, VIII, no. 4