SECTION 5
Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders
40 Biology of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract
Kidneys 
Ureters Bladder Urethra Effects of Aging
41 Symptoms and Diagnosis of Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders
Burning or Pain with Urination Flank pain Swelling Increased Urination Urinating at Night Hesitating, Straining, and Dribbling Urgency Incontinence Blood in the Urine Gas in the Urine Changes in the Urine’s Color Changes in the Urine’s Odor Urinalysis Urine Culture Kidney Function Tests Imaging Tests Cystoscopy Tissue and Cell Sampling
Glomerulonephritis Asymptomatic Proteinuria and Hematuria Syndrome Hereditary Nephritis (Alport’s Syndrome) Nail-Patella Syndrome Nephrotic Syndrome Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
45 Blood Vessel Disorders of the Kidneys
Blockage of the Renal Arteries Atheroembolic Kidney Disease Renal Cortical Necrosis Malignant Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis Renal Vein Thrombosis
46 Tubular and Cystic Kidney Disorders
Renal Tubular Acidosis Renal Glucosuria Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Cystinuria Fanconi Syndrome Hypophosphatemic Rickets Hartnup Disease Bartter Syndrome Liddle Syndrome Polycystic Kidney Disease Nephronophthisis–Medullary Cystic Disease Complex Medullary Sponge Kidney
48 Obstruction of the Urinary Tract
Hydronephrosis Stones in the Urinary Tract
Urethritis Cystitis Pyelonephritis Asymptomatic Bacteriuria
50 Injury to the Urinary Tract
Bladder Injuries Kidney Injuries Ureteral Injuries Urethral Injuries
51 Cancers of the Kidney and Urinary Tract
Kidney Cancer Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer Bladder Cancer Urethral Cancer