CONTENTS

Acknowledgments

Introduction

CHAPTER 1 A Brief History of Preemption, Prevention, and Prediction in the Context of Individual Crime

The Injury or Harm Approach

The Dangerous Act Approach

The Dangerous Person Approach

Preventive Confinement: A Catalog of Denials

Dual Systems of Criminal Justice: Retrospective and Preventive

The Development of a System of Preventive Justice

The Justice of the Peace

Some Tentative Historical Conclusions

CHAPTER 2: Preemptive Military Action: From Surgical Strike to All-Out War

“To Kill Him Who Is Making Ready to Kill”: Anticipatory Military Actions throughout History

Deterrence as the Alternative to Prevention

CHAPTER 3 Preemption and Nonpreemption in the Arab-Israeli Conflict—Its Relevance to U.S. Policy

To Preempt or Not to Preempt: A Comparison between the Six-Day and Yom Kippur Wars

The Six-Day War

The Yom Kippur War

The Rescue of Hostages at Entebbe

The Destruction of the Iraqi Nuclear Reactor in 1981

The Invasion of Lebanon in 1982

Summarizing the Israeli-Arab War Experience: A Swinging Pendulum of Preemption

CHAPTER 4 Preventive Measures against Terrorism

Preventive and Preemptive Actions against Terrorists

Preventive Detention of Potential Terrorists

The English Experience

The American Experience

The Israeli Experience

Targeted Preemption of Terrorists

Preemption and Prevention of Biochemical Attacks

Prior Restraint of Expression

Other Preventive Mechanisms

CHAPTER 5 Bush Doctrine on Preemption, the U.S. Attack against Iraq

The Bush Doctrine

The Prewar Debate over Prevention and Preemption

Whether to Announce a Doctrine of Preemption

The Postattack Debate

Evaluating Decisions Relating to Iraq

CHAPTER 6 Would Preemptive Action against the Iranian Nuclear Program Be Justified?

CHAPTER 7 Toward a Jurisprudence of Prevention and Preemption

Some Preliminary Observations about Jurisprudence

Acknowledging the Phenomenon

The Limited but Important Role of Jurisprudence in International Relations

The Analogy between International Self-defense and Domestic Self-defense

The Analogy between Humanitarian Preemption and Anticipatory Self-defense

Absolute Prohibitions on Preemptive or Preventive Actions

Factors to Be Considered in Decisions to Engage in Preemptive and Preventive Military Action

How to Think about Inevitable Mistakes

Why a Jurisprudence of Preemption and Prevention Is Needed

Can a Comprehensive Jurisprudence of Prevention Be Developed?

APPENDIX A Preventive Disbarment: The Numbers Are against It

APPENDIX B Karyotype, Predictability and Culpability

Endnotes