NOTES

Introduction

1. R. C. Kessler, W. T. Chiu, O. Demler, and E. E. Walters, “Prevalence, Severity, and Comorbidity of Twelve-month DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCSR),” Archives of General Psychiatry 62:6 (June 2005): 617–27. “U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates by Demographic Characteristics. Table 2: Annual Estimates of the Population by Selected Age Groups and Sex for the United States: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2004” (NC-EST2004-02), source: Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau, Release Date: June 9, 2005; www.census.gov/popest/national/asrh/; accessed November 2010.

2. Kessler et al., 2005.

3. World Health Organization, “The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 Update,” Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2008.

4. Kessler et al., 2005.

5. Anita Soni, “The Five Most Costly Conditions, 1996 and 2006: Estimates for the U.S. Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population,” Statistical Brief #248 (July 2009), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD; www.meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/data_files/publications/st248/stat248.pdf.

6. Aaron Levin, “State Hospital Admissions on Unexpected Upswing,” Psychiatric News 44:3 (February 6, 2009): 8.

7. The full text of the letter is available online at www.adhd-report.com/biopsychiatry/bio_12.html.

1: What Is Bipolar Disorder and Who Suffers from It?

8. The sources for the statistics are: R. C. Kessler, W. T. Chiu, O. Demler, and E. E. Walters, “Prevalence, Severity, and Comorbidity of Twelve-month DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R),” Archives of General Psychiatry 62:6 (June 2005): 617–27. Francis Mark Mondimore, Bipolar Disorder: A Guide for Patients and Families (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999): ix. Jeffrey Kluger with Sora Song, “Young and Bipolar,” Time (August 19, 2002, cover story). Kay Redfield Jamison, “Manic-Depressive Illness and Creativity,” Scientific American (February 1995): 64. NARSAD, “Fact Sheet: The Treatment of Bipolar Disorder,” National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (NARSAD), 60 Cutter Mill Road, Suite 404, Great Neck, NY 11021; tel: (516) 829-0092 or (800) 829-8289; website: www.narsad.org.

9. Kay Redfield Jamison, An Unquiet Mind: A Memoir of Moods and Madness (New York: Knopf, 1995): 182.

10. Patty Duke and Gloria Hochman, A Brilliant Madness: Living with Manic-Depressive Illness (New York: Bantam, 1993): 49.

11. Demitri Papolos and Janice Papolos, Overcoming Depression: The Definitive Resource for Patients and Families Who Live with Depression and Manic-Depression (New York: HarperPerennial, 1997): 10.

12. National DMDA, “Consumer's Guide to Depression and Manic Depression,” National DMDA (Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association), 730 North Franklin Street, Suite 501, Chicago, IL 60610-3526; tel: (800) 826-3632 or (312) 642-0049; website: www.ndmda.org.

13. Alix Spiegel, “Children Labeled ‘Bipolar’ May Get a New Diagnosis,” National Public Radio segment, February 10, 2010, www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=123544191; accessed November 2010. Jeffrey Kluger with Sora Song, “Young and Bipolar,” Time (August 19, 2002, cover story). National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), “National Survey Tracks Rates of Common Mental Disorders Among American Youth,” press release (December 14, 2009); www.nimh.nih.gov/science-news/2009/national-survey-tracks-rates-of-commonmental-disorders-among-american-youth.shtml, accessed November 2010. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS): www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars, accessed November 2010. David A. Kahn, et al., “Treatment of Bipolar Disorder: A Guide for Patients and Families,” A Postgraduate Medicine Special Report, April 2000; available from NDMDA (National Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association), tel: (800) 826-3632, website: www. ndmda.org; or NAMI (National Alliance for the Mentally Ill), tel:(800) 950-6264, website: www.nami.org.

14. D. A. Reger, M. E. Farm, and D. S. Rae, “Comorbidity of Mental Disorders with Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse: Results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study,” Journal of the American Medical Association 264 (1990): 2511–8.

15. Papolos and Papolos, 248.

16. NARSAD, “Fact Sheet: The Warning Signs of Suicide,” NARSAD (National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression), 60 Cutter Mill Road, Suite 404, Great Neck, NY 11021; tel: (516) 829-0091; website: www.narsad.org.

17. Kahn et al.

18. Daniel J. DeNoon, “Dramatic Increase in Teen Suicide,” WebMD Health News (September 6, 2007).

19. NARSAD, “Fact Sheet: The Warning Signs of Suicide.”

20. Kluger.

21. Rita Elkins, Depression and Natural Medicine: A Nutritional Approach to Depression and Mood Swings (Pleasant Grove, Utah: Woodland Publishing, 1995): 16. Papolos and Papolos, 270.

22. American Psychiatric Association, DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision), Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000: 382–3.

23. Ibid., 345–401.

24. Ibid., 386.

25. Ibid., 362.

26. Ibid., 356.

27. Ibid., 394.

28. Ibid., 397.

29. Ibid., 362.

30. Jamison, An Unquiet Mind, 45.

31. Mondimore, 51.

32. Duke and Hochman, 1.

33. Kay Redfield Jamison, Touched with Fire: Manic-Depressive Illness and the Artistic Temperament, (New York: Free Press/Simon & Schuster, 1993): 103.

34. Jamison, “Manic-Depressive Illness and Creativity,” 66.

35. Ibid., 65.

36. Jamison, Touched with Fire, 249.

37. Ibid., 243.

38. Ibid., 103.

39. Duke and Hochman, 203–209. Jamison, Touched with Fire. Mondimore, ix.

40. Mondimore, 214.

41. Papolos and Papolos, 32.

42. Quoted in Mondimore, 62.

43. Papolos and Papolos, 10. Peter C. Whybrow, A Mood Apart: The Thinker's Guide to Emotion and Its Disorders (New York: Harper-Perennial, 1997): 255.

44. Whybrow, 255.

45. Stanley W. Jackson, Melancholia and Depression, from Hippocratic Times to Modern Times (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986): 253–4.

46. Lewis Wolpert, Malignant Sadness: The Anatomy of Depression (New York: The Free Press, 1999): 3–4.

47. Mondimore, 63–3.

48. Papolos and Papolos, 32–3.

49. Catherine Carrigan, Healing Depression: A Holistic Guide (New York: Marlowe and Company, 2000): 75.

50. Joseph Glenmullen, Prozac Backlash (New York: Touchstone/Simon & Schuster, 2000): 16.

51. E. C. Azmitia and P. M. Whitaker-Azmitia, “Awakening the sleeping giant: anatomy and plasticity of the brain serotonergic system,” Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 52:12 suppl. (1991): 4–16. Cited in Glenmullen, 16.

52. Whybrow, 205.

53. Ibid., 46.

54. Glenmullen, 340.

55. Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, 17th ed. (Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company, 1993): 662, 1318.

56. Peter R. Breggin and David Cohen, Your Drug May Be Your Problem: How and Why to Stop Taking Psychiatric Medications (Reading, Mass.: Perseus Books, 1999): 36.

57. Kluger.

58. Breggin and Cohen, 63.

59. C. B. Nemeroff, “An Ever-Increasing Pharmacopoeia for the Management of Patients with Bipolar Disorder,” Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 61: suppl. 13 (2000): 19–25.

60. Breggin and Cohen, 75.

61. Ibid., 76–7.

62. Ibid., 78.

63. Glenmullen, 16.

64. Michael T. Murray, Natural Alternatives to Prozac (New York: Quill/William Morrow, 1996): 4.

65. Ibid., 2.

66. Ibid.

67. Maryann Napoli, “A New Assessment of Depression Drugs,” HealthFacts 24:7 (July 31, 1999): 4.

68. Harvard Medical School, “Update on Mood Disorders: Part II,” Harvard Mental Health Letter 11:7 (1995): 3.

69. “Depression Drugs Widely Prescribed to Children,” Health Watch 4:2 (June 30, 1999): 2.

70. A. C. Pande and M. E. Sayler, “Adverse Events and Treatment Discontinuations in Fluoxetine Clinical Trials,” International Journal of Psychopharmacology 8 (1993): 267–9.

71. Braggin and Cohen, 68.

72. Glenmullen. Breggin and Cohen, 46–7.

73. Mondimore, 107.

74. Anne Harding, “Antidepressants Hazardous for Some Mentally Ill,” Reuters Health Information (March 20, 2001); available online at www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_832.html.

2: Causes, Triggers, and Contributors

75. Quoted on the website of Volunteers In Psychotherapy, in an article entitled “Are Personal and Emotional Problems Diseases?” available online at www.ctvip.org/weB2c.html, or contact Richard Shulman, Director, Volunteers In Psychotherapy, Inc., 7 South Main Street, West Hartford, CT 06107; tel: (860) 233-5115.

76. Ibid.

77. Ibid.

78. Glenmullen, 193.

79. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, “Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General, Executive Summary,” (Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, 1999): x.

80. Glenmullen, 198.

81. Kluger.

82. Ibid.

83. Whybrow, 165.

84. Mondimore, 225.

85. Richard Leviton, The Healthy Living Space (Charlottesville, VA: Hampton Roads, 2001): 2.

86. Ibid., 3.

87. “Doctors Warn Developmental Disabilities epidemic from Toxins,” LDA (Learning Disabilities Association of America) Newsbriefs 35:4 (July/August 2000): 3–5; executive summary from the report by the Greater Boston Physicians for Social Responsibility, In Harm's Way—Toxic Threats to Child Development, available online at www.igc.org/psr/ihw.htm; for LDA, www.ldanatl.org.

88. Philip J. Landrigan, Environmental Neurotoxicology (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1992): 2; cited in Richard Leviton, The Healthy Living Space (Charlottesville, VA: Hampton Roads, 2001): 13.

89. Cited in: Syd Baumel, Dealing with Depression Naturally (Los Angeles: Keats Publishing, 2000): 31.

90. Sherry A. Rogers, Depression—Cured at Last! (Sarasota, FL: SK Publishing, 1997): 94.

91. John Foster, “Is Depression Natural in an Unnatural World?” Well-Being Journal (Spring 2001): 11; website: www.wellbeingjournal.com.

92. Carrigan, 62.

93. Dietrich Klinghardt, “Amalgam/Mercury Detox as a Treatment for Chronic Viral, Bacterial, and Fungal Illnesses,” lecture presented at the Annual Meeting of the International and American Academy of Clinical Nutrition, San Diego, CA, September 1996.

94. Morton Walker, Elements of Danger: Protect Yourself Against the Hazards of Modern Dentistry (Charlottesville, VA: Hampton Roads, 2000): 138, 141.

95. Ibid., 144–5.

96. Baumel, 34.

97. Ibid., 35.

98. W. D. Kaehny, et al., “Gastrointestinal Absorption of Aluminum from Aluminum-Containing Antacids,” New England Journal of Medicine 296 (1977): 1389–90. D. P. Perl and A. R. Bordy, “Detection of Aluminum by Semi-X-Ray Spectrometry with Neurofibrillary Tangle-Bearing Neurons of Alzheimer's Disease,” Neurotox (1990): 133–7. Walker, 218–9.

99. Elkins, 117.

100. Rogers, 460.

101. Ibid., 461–2.

102. Ibid., 165–7.

103. Ibid., 166.

104. Personal communication, 2001.

105. John N. Hathcock, Nutritional Toxicology, Vol. I (New York: Academic Press, 1982): 462. L. D. Stegink and L. J. Filer Jr., eds., Aspartame (New York: Marcel Dekker, 1984): 350, 359. Bryan Ballantyne, Timothy Marrs, and Paul Turner, eds., General and Applied Toxicology, Vol. 1 (New York: Stockton Press, 1993): 482.

106. Hyman J. Roberts, “Reactions Attributed to Aspartame Containing Products: 551 Cases,” Natural Food & Farming (March 1992): 23–8.

107. Leon Chaitow, Thorson's Guide to Amino Acids (London: Thorson, 1991): 95.

108. Susan C. Smolinske, Handbook of Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Excipients (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1992): 236.

109. Bernard Rimland, “The Feingold Diet: An Assessment of the Reviews by Marttes, by Kavale and Forness and Others,” Journal of Learning Disabilities 16:6 (June/July 1983):331. (Availablefromthe Autism Research Institute, Publication #51.); www.autism.com

110. Richard A. Kunin, “Principles That Identify Orthomolecular Medicine: A Unique Medical Specialty,” available online at www.orthomed.org/kunin.htm.

111. Claudio Galli and Artemis P. Simopoulos, ed., Dietary W3 and W6 Fatty Acids: Biological Effects and Nutritional Essentiality (New York: Kluwer/Plenum, 1989). Claudio Galli and Artemis P. Simopoulos, Effects of Fatty Acids and Lipids in Health and Disease (New York: S. Karger, 1994.) Joseph Mercola, “Where's the Real Beef?” available online at www.mercola.com/beef/main.htm.

112. Presenter statement by Andrew Stoll, MD, in the DAN! (Defeat Autism Now!) 2000 Conference booklet: 8; published by the Autism Research Institute; www.autism.com.

113. M. A. Crawford, A. G. Hassam, and P. A. Stevens, “Essential Fatty Acid Requirements in Pregnancy and Lactation with Special Reference to Brain Development,” Prog Lipid Res 20 (1981): 31–40.

114. “Healing Mood Disorders with Essential Fatty Acids,” Doctors' Prescription for Healthy Living 4:6, 1.

115. “Researchers Discover Five Good-Mood Foods,” Today's Chiropractic 28:2 (April 30, 1999): 26.

116. Rhian Edwards, et al., “Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in the diet and in red blood cell membranes of depressed patients,” Journal of Affective Disorders 48 (1998): 149-55. Peter B. Adams, et al., “Arachidonic Acid to Eicosapentaenoic Acid Ratio in Blood Correlates Positively with Symptoms of Depression,” Lipids 31: suppl. (1996): S157–61.

117. Barbara S. Levine. “Most Frequently Asked Questions about DHA,” Nutrition Today 32 (November/December 1997): 248–9.

118. Eva Edelman, Natural Healing for Schizophrenia and Other Common Mental Disorders, 3d ed. (Eugene, OR: Borage Books, 2001): 62.

119. Kristen A. Bruinsma and Douglas L. Taren, “Dieting, Essential Fatty Acid Intake, and Depression,” Nutrition Reviews 58 (April 2000): 98–108.

120. Joseph R. Hibbeln, “Fish Consumption and Major Depression,” The Lancet 351 (April 18, 1998): 1213.

121. Eva Edelman, Natural Healing for Schizophrenia and Other Common Mental Disorders, 3d ed. 143. G. Chouinard, et al., “Tryptophan in the Treatment of Depression and Mania,” Advances in Biological Psychiatry 10 (1983): 47–66. G. Chouinard, et al., “A Controlled Clinical Trial of L-Tryptophan in Acute Mania,” Biological Psychiatry 20 (1985): 546–7.

122. Prevention's New Encyclopedia of Common Diseases (Emmaus, Pa.: Rodale Press, 1985): 230.

123. H. Beckman, “Phenylalanine in Affective Disorders,” Advances in Biological Psychiatry 10 (1983): 137–47. C. Gibson and A. Gelenberg, “Tyrosine for Depression,” Advances in Biological Psychiatry 10 (1983): 148–59.

124. Edelman, 144.

125. B. M. Cohen, et al., “Lecithin in the Treatment of Mania,” American Journal of Psychiatry 139 (1982): 1162–4. A. L. Stoll, et al., “Choline in the Treatment of Rapid-Cycling Bipolar Disorder: Clinical and Neurochemical Findings in Lithium-Treated Patients,” Biological Psychiatry 40:5 (September 1, 1996): 382–8. R. S. Jope, et al., “The Phosphoinositide Signal Transduction System is Impaired in Bipolar Affective Disorder Brain,” Journal of Neurochemistry 66:6 (June 1996): 2402–9.

126. Edelman, 134.

127. Chart reprinted by permission of Rita Elkins, from her book Depression and Natural Medicine: A Nutritional Approach to Depression and Mood Swings (Pleasant Grove, Utah: Woodland Publishing, 1995): 75.

128. E. H. Cook and B. L. Leventhal, “The Serotonin System in Autism,” Current Opinion in Pediatrics 8:4 (August 1996): 348–54.

129. Baumel, 12.

130. Ronald Hoffman, “Beyond Prozac: Natural Therapies for Anxiety and Depression,” Innovation: The Health Letter of FAIM (January 31, 1999): 10–11, 13, 15, 17, 19.

131. Whybrow, 212

132. Mondimore, 203.

133. Papolos and Papolos, 93.

134. Breggin and Cohen, 75.

135. Rogers, 408–10.

136. Burton Goldberg and the editors of Alternative Medicine, Women's Health Series: 2 (Tiburon, CA: Future Medicine Publishing, 1998): 208–9.

137. John R. Lee, What Your Doctor May Not Tell You About Menopause (New York: Warner Books, 1996): 103, 229.

138. Rogers, 403.

139. Whybrow, 202.

140. Michael Lesser, Nutrition and Vitamin Therapy (New York: Bantam, 1981): 171.

141. William J. Walsh, “The Critical Role of Nutrients in Severe Mental Symptoms,” online at www.alternativementalhealth.com/articles/pfeiffer.htm.

142. DSM-IV-TR, 403.

143. E. Fuller Torrey, et al., “Birth Seasonality in Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Stillbirths,” Schizophrenia Research 21 (1996): 141–9.

144. Demitri and Janice Papolos, “Bipolar and Co-Occurring Conditions,” Bipolar Child Newsletter (November 1999); www.come-over.to/FAS/bipolar.htm, accessed November 2010.

145. Martha E. Hellander and Tomie Burke, “Children with Bipolar Disorder,” Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 38:5 (May 1999): 495.

146. DSM-IV-TR, 407.

147. Murray, 4. Rogers, 144–5.

148. Glenmullen, 87.

149. Duke and Hochman, 9 and xx.

150. Elkins, 138.

151. Ibid.

152. Ibid., Edelman, 85.

153. Whybrow, 213.

154. Edelman, 86.

155. Whybrow, 162. Mondimore, 190.

156. Whybrow, 250.

157. Papolos and Papolos, 211–12.

158. Elkins, 103. Edelman, 40.

159. Amy Norton, “Exercise Beats Drugs for Some with Depression,” Reuters Health Information (March 28, 2001); available online at www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_949.html.

160. Elkins, 103.

161. Edelman, 134.

162. Ibid., 40.

163. Whybrow, 158, 162.

164. Jan Fawcett, Bernard Golden, and Nancy Rosenfeld, New Hope for People with Bipolar Disorder (Roseville, CA: Prima, 2000): 26.

165. Whybrow, 162.

166. Duke and Hochman, 123.

167. Papolos and Papolos, 190.

168. Whybrow, 250.

3: A Model for Healing

169. Quoted in Kluger.

170. Richard Leviton, “Migraines, Seizures, and Mercury Toxicity,” Alternative Medicine Digest 21 (December 1997/January 1998): 61.

4: Healing from a Cellular to a Spiritual Level: Biological Medicine

171. From Mood Disorders: Toward a New Psychobiology, by Peter Whybrow, Hagop Akiskal, and William McKinney, quoted in Papolos and Papolos, 25–6.

172. Bradford S. Weeks, “The Role of essential Fatty Acids in Mental Health,” Lecture to the Well Mind Association, Seattle, October 2001.

173. The FDA has made it illegal to market GHB in the United States. Many physicians, having witnessed its effectiveness as a sleep aid and antianxiety agent, among other medical applications, maintain that the banning of this highly useful supplement is politically motivated. See: Steven Wm. Fowkes, “GHB Report to the California Legislature,” available online at www.ceri.com/report.htm.

5: Biochemical Treatment of Bipolar Disorder

174. William J. Walsh, “Biochemical Treatment: Medicines for the Next Century,” NOHA (Nutrition for Optimal Health Association) News 16:3 (Summer 1991).

175. From the film Masks of Madness: Science of Healing, written, produced, and directed by Connie Bortnick, produced in association with the Canadian Schizophrenia Foundation, 16 Florence Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M2N 1E9 Canada (Sisyphus Communications, Ltd., 1998). To contact the Institute for Optimum Nutrition (ION): Blades Court, Deodar Road, London SW15 2NU England; tel: 020 8877 9993; website: www.ion.ac.uk.

176. Walsh, “Biochemical Treatment” and “The Critical Role of Nutrients in Severe Mental Symptoms.”

177. Jamison, An Unquiet Mind, 6.

6: Amino Acids: Giving the Brain What It Needs

178. Personal communication and Julia Ross, The Diet Cure (New York: Penguin, 1999): 15.

179. Ross, 128.

180. Roberto Sanchez, “Actress Urges Better Care for Mentally Ill,” Seattle Times (April 26, 2000). Available online at archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com/cgi-bin/texis.cgi/web/vortex/display?slug=kidd26m&date=20000426. From the film Masks of Madness: Science of Healing.

181. From the film Masks of Madness: Science of Healing.

182. Merrily Manthey,“Getting Patients Well Is the New Goal of County Treatment Programs,” available online at www.margotkidder.com.

183. From the film Masks of Madness: Science of Healing.

184. Adapted from Ross, 120–21.

185. Ross, 120.

186. From the film Masks of Madness: Science of Healing.

187. “New evidence Points to Opioids,” Autism Research Review International 5:4 (1991).

188. Paul Shattock, “Urinary Peptides and Associated Metabolites in the Urine of People with Autism Spectrum Disorders,” syllabus material for the main DAN! lecture at the DAN! (Defeat Autism Now!) 2000 Conference, in the conference booklet: 79-83; published by the Autism Research Institute; www.autism.com. “New Evidence Points to Opioids.” A. J. Wakefield, et al., “Ileal-Lymphoid-Nodular Hyperplasia, Non-Specific Colitis, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder in Children,” Lancet 351 (February 28, 1998): 637–41.

189. C. Hallert, et al., “Psychic Disturbances in Adult Coeliac Disease III. Reduced Central Monoamine Metabolism and Signs of Depression,” Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 17 (1982): 25–8.

190. Ron Hoggan and James Braly, “How Modern eating Habits May Contribute to Depression,” available online at depression.about.com/library/weekly/aa071299.htm.

191. See Depression: Causes (Food Allergies/Intolerances) at www.yournutrition.co.uk/specific_health_problems_D.htm.

192. Adapted from Karyn Seroussi, Unraveling the Mystery of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorder. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000) 229–30.

7: Restoring the Tempo of Health: Cranial Osteopathy

193. “What Is Osteopathy?” available at the Cranial Academy website, www.cranialacademy.org/whatis.html.

194. H. I. Magoun, Osteopathy in the Cranial Field, 3d ed. (Kirksville, MO: Journal Printing Company, 1976), 1.

195. “What Is Osteopathy?”

196. “Common Problems,” available at the Cranial Academy website, www.cranialacademy.org/cmpr.html.

197. Stephanie Marohn, The Natural Medicine Guide to Autism (Charlottesville, VA: Hampton Roads, 2002): 162–180.

198. Marohn, Autism, 162–180.

199. Ibid.

200. Lawrence Lavine, “Osteopathic and Alternative Medicine Aspects of Autistic Spectrum Disorders,” available online at trainland.tripod.com/lawrencelavine.htm.

201. Marohn, Autism, 181–192.

202. Marohn, Autism, 162–180.

8: Bipolar Disorder and Allergies: NAET

203. Devi S. Nambudripad, Say Goodbye to Illness, rev. ed. (Buena Park, CA: Delta Publishing, 1999) 35.

204. Nambudripad, 32–47.

205. Ibid., 296.

206. Ibid., xxii.

207. Personal communication with Dr. Nambudripad, 2001. Richard Leviton, “The Allergy-Free Body,” Alternative Medicine Digest 6 (April 1995): 13.

208. Nambudripad, 366–8. Reprinted with permission.

209. Namburipad, 147–8.

210. Leviton, “The Allergy-Free Body,” 8.

211. Nambudripad, 33.

9: Rebalancing the Vital Force: Homeopathy

212. Personal communication, 2001. Unless footnoted, quotes throughout this section are from personal communication with Dr. Reichenberg-Ullman.

213. Personal communication, and Judyth Reichenberg-Ullman and Robert Ullman, Prozac Free: Homeopathic Alternatives to Conventional Drug Therapies (Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 2002): xiv.

214. Prozac Free, viii, ix.

215. Prozac Free, xiv.

216. Miranda Castro, The Complete Homeopathy Handbook (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990): 3–5. Anne Woodham and David Peters, Encyclopedia of Healing Therapies (New York: Dorling Kindersley, 1997): 126.

217. Judyth Reichenberg-Ullman and Robert Ullman, Ritalin-Free Kids: Safe and Effective Homeopathic Medicine for ADHD, and Other Behavioral and Learning Problems (Roseville, CA: Prima Health, 2000): 83.

218. Ritalin-Free Kids, 95.

219. Ritalin-Free Kids, 95–6.

220. Personal communication and Ritalin-Free Kids, 90.

221. Personal communication and Prozac Free, 57.

222. This case study adapted, by permission of Judyth Reichenberg-Ullman, ND, LCSW, from her book with coauthor Robert Ullman, ND, Prozac Free: Homeopathic Alternatives to Conventional Drug Therapies (Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 2002), 187–90.

10: The Shamanic View of Mental Illness

223. Holger Kalweit, “When Insanity Is a Blessing,” in Stanislav Grof and Christina Grof, eds., Spiritual Emergency (New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnam, 1989): 80.

224. John Lash, The Seeker's Handbook (New York: Harmony Books, 1990): 371.

225. Jan Fawcett, Bernard Golden, and Nancy Rosenfeld, New Hope for People with Bipolar Disorder (Roseville, CA: Prima, 2000): 296.

226. Leviton, The Healthy Living Space, 354–8.

227. Ibid., 362–3.

228. Ibid., 364.

229. Malidoma Patrice Somé, Ritual: Power, Healing, and Community (New York: Penguin, 1997): 12, 19.

230. Malidoma Patrice Somé, Of Water and the Spirit: Ritual, Magic, and Initiation in the Life of an African Shaman (New York: Penguin, 1994): 9, 10.

Conclusion

231. P. Stokes and A. Holtz, “Fluoxetine Tenth Anniversary Update: the Progress Continues,” Clinical Therapeutics 19:5 (1997): 1135–1250.

232. C. Murray and A. Lopez, eds., The Global Burden of Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality and Disability from Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors in 1990 and Projected to 2020 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996).