Page numbers refer to the print edition.
abstractions, 100, 161, 179, 251
aggression. See oppression; racism; violence
Algerian writers, 255, 278, 331n7
Algiers and Algeria, 174–75, 271–73
Alliance israélite universelle (AIU), xvi, 278, 320n7, 320n8, 328n1
al-Mammi, Jubair Wali, 205–8
al-Mammi tales, xxxiv–xxxv
anti-Black racism, xxvii, xxviii, 221
antiracism, xxxix, 228, 236, 237, 239
anti-Semites, xxiii, 30, 42, 70–71, 83–86
anti-Semitism: about, xvi, xxiv, xli; and Arab Muslims, 231–32; and assimilation issue, 103–5; European, 63; and Islamophobia, 311–12; with prejudice, 42; and Soviet Union, 30; “true” and “false,” 191; in Tunisia, 309–10. See also racism
Arab-Israeli conflict, xxx, xliv
Arab Jews, xxx, 15, 183, 185–92, 324n47, 330n1
Arab Muslims: and anti-Semitism, 231–32; cohabitation with, 186; depressive syndrome of, 298; and headscarves, 304–5; and Israeli thorn, 201–3; and Jews, xxx–xxxi, 15–16, 139, 183–204; Memmi’s views on, xli, 31–32; nomads, 15
Arab nations, xxxi, 91, 189, 201–3
Arab Spring, xl, xliii, 282, 309
Arab states, xix, xxv, xxxi, 191, 281
Argentina, travel to, 176
artist and citizen, 273–75
assimilation, 102–5, 127, 129, 150, 194–95, 305
Baldwin, James, xxvi, xxvii, 133, 136–38, 142–44
Battle of Hernani, 215
biological differences, 222, 225, 227, 230, 319n5
Black Boy (Wright), 139
Black Orpheus (Sartre), 152–53
Blacks: about, xx, xxiv; inferior being, xxvii, 143; and Malcolm X, 139, 140; and Martin Luther King, 137; oppression of, xxvii, 93, 134–35; and total revolt, 142–45
Black Skin, White Masks (Fanon), xx, 150, 153, 154
Calle-Gruber, Mireille, 275–80
Camus, Albert: about, xv, xxxvi, 2, 12, 14; and Albert Memmi, 57; and Camus’s problem, 63–64; and colonizer of Good Will, 63–64; and Mireille Calle-Gruber, 278; preface by, 35
Césaire, Aimé, xix, xx, 133, 150–51
Christianity, 9, 116, 117, 140, 191, 230–31
colonialism and colonization: about, xx; analysis of, xxi, xxii; contradiction related to, 68; and literary homeland, 269–75; and Maghrebi Literature, 261, 262; Memmi’s views on, 31; and North African writers, 249–50, 256, 257; and privilege system, xx–xxi. See also racism
colonizer: and the colonized, 65–67, 103; defined, 62; as a disease, 68; language of, 269–70; and limits to illegality, 294–95; prestige and strength of, 194
The Colonizer and the Colonized: about, xix; and colonial experience, xxxvi; conclusion about, 67–68; excerpts from, 60–68; major points in, 229; portrait of the colonized in, 65–67; portrait of the colonizer in, 57–58, 60, 313–14; preface to, 58–60; public approval for, 12; publication of, 57; review of, xx
corruption: about, xli, xliii; of dictatorial regimes, 281; and nations without law, 294; and poverty, 307; and racism, 229; and repression, 294; and third-world stagnation, 307; and tyranny, 290, 313
countermyths, xxviii, 202, 282
decolonization, xv, xix–xx, xxx, xl–xli, 57–58
Decolonization and the Decolonized (Memmi): about, 281–82; criticism of, xxxix–xl; and decolonized man, 282–84; and fundamentalism and secularism, 284–89; and ghetto, 302–3; and headscarves, 304–5; and humiliation, 305–6; and immigration and immigrants, 299–301; and nation born too late, 293–94; and nations without law, 294–95; and a new world, 306–9; pocket edition, 289–90; and from repression to violence, 291–93; and terrorism, 294–99; wide readership of, xxxix
dependence: defined, 218–19; and domination, xxxvii–xxxviii; as a fact of life, 211; Memmi’s views on, 311
Dependence (Memmi): about, 209; and fanaticism, 212–18; and social organizations, 209; and subjection, 210–11, 218–19
The Desert (Memmi), xxxiii, xxxiv, 205–8
Diaspora communities, 33, 105, 115, 123, 130, 131
dominance, xxxviii, 30–31, 210–11, 218, 239, 310–11
Dominated Man: about, xxvi, 133–34; excerpts from, 136–65; and Frantz Fanon, 149–55; and Negro and Jew, 145–49; and new slaves, 155–59; and pathos revolt, 136–41; reason for writing, 134–36; and Sally N’Dongo, 164–65; and total revolt, 141–45; and a tyrant’s plea, 159–64
doubt and submission, 286–89
economic exploitation, xxi, xl, 291
Election, 113–14
emancipation, xxix, 78, 159–64
encystment, 107–11
ethnophobia, xxxviii, 227, 319n5
European Jews, 107, 184, 190, 191
European Left, xxx, 31, 59, 121, 190
Europeans and privilege system, 62–63
fanaticism, 212–18
Fanon, Frantz, xviii, xxvii–xxviii, 149–55
fiction and nonfiction works, xxxii–xxxiii, xxxvii–xxxviii, 1–2, 5
finite and infinite discussion, 178–79
The Fire Next Time (Baldwin), xxvii
foreign workers, xxix, 156, 158, 164, 165
France, travel to, 176–81
francophone literature, xvi, 241
francophone writers of the Maghreb, xxxv, xxxvi, xxxvii, 264–69
French language, xvi, 254, 263, 266, 277–78, 320n8
French Resistance, 22, 327n7, 328n14
French writers, xxxvi, 247–49, 254–67
fundamentalism, xlii, 284–89, 308, 312–13
German occupation, xvii, 22, 47–48, 187
the ghetto, xlii, 38–39, 91, 95, 107–8, 302–3
global inequalities, xxxi, xliii, xliv, 274
Guigny, Fériel Berraies, 310–14
heterophobia, xvi, xxxviii–xxxix, 233, 310, 312, 319n5
human groups, 103, 119, 256, 261
humanism, xxviii, xliii, 249, 284, 287, 311
human rights, 11, 280, 287, 307
immigration and immigrants: about, xxx, xxxix; and aging population, 300; and cultural differences, xli–xlii; and the ghetto, 302–3; and humiliation, 305–6; illegal, 299; Muslim, xl, 267; and national borders, 299, 300. See also racism
independence movements, 291, 313
indigenous populations, 21, 258, 262
infidels, xli, xlii, 216, 289, 298
intellectuals, xli, 27, 28, 47, 57, 151
Islamic terrorism, 295, 297, 298, 299
Israel. See State of Israel
Jewish community, xxvii, 8, 103, 110, 186, 188
Jewish condition: about, xvi, xxii; book about, 13; central to, xxiii; and colonized Jew, 193; description of, xxiii–xxiv; enduring, 94–95; and Jewish traditions, xxv; and Sartre, 70, 73, 78
Jewish culture, xxv–xxvi, 98, 101, 107, 116–20, 126, 128–29
Jewish customs, xxv, xlii, 102
Jewish fate, 88, 89, 92–93, 98, 100, 117
Jewish fundamentalists, xlii, 284, 285
Jewish ghettos, xlii, 276, 302
Jewish nation, 74, 123, 125, 200, 201
Jewish philosophy, 116, 117, 128, 323n38
Jewish state, 94, 115, 124, 125, 199
Jewish traditions, xxii, xxv, 36, 74, 115–16, 126
Jews: accepting oneself as a, 73, 99, 120; anti-Semitic, 106; and Arabs, xxx–xxxi, 15–16, 139, 183–204; assimilation issue, 102–5, 127; authentic, 72; as the chosen people, 112, 113; colonized, 192–97; defined, 204; economy as sanctuary-institution for, 121; existence of, 98–101; insecurity issues, 187; and Jewish culture, xxv–xxvi; in labor camps, xvii; minority status, 4; and monotheism, xxv; and Nazis, 232; and Negro, 145–49; and non-Jews, 75, 76, 77, 86–89; oppression of, xxvi, 87, 92–93, 122–27; and persecution, 91–92, 100; physiognomy of, 147, 193; pogrom of, xxvii, 143, 187, 231; and privilege system, 62–63; religious, xxxii, 198; and revolution, 120–22; and Zionist decision, 75–76. See also Judaism
Jews and Arabs (articles): about, 183; and Arab Jew, 185–92; and Arab nation, 201–3; and colonized Jew, 192–97; and Israel, 204; and Israeli thorn, 201–3; and justice and nation, 197–200; and Kadhafi, 184
Judaism: beliefs and values, 111, 148; and Messianism, 114–16; and mixed marriages, 199; multiple meanings of, 145, 146; secular element issue, 32; as a way of life, 111; Zionist spin to, xxiii, 73, 196
Judeophobia, xxxi, 70, 105, 183, 230, 319n5
King, Martin Luther, xxvi, xxviii, 133, 136–38, 140–41
labor camps, xvii, 10, 13, 46, 47, 216
The Last of the Just (Schwarz-Bart), 91
The Last Temptation of Christ (Scorsese), 284–85
Levy, Elias, 309–10
The Liberation of the Jew (Memmi): about, xxv, 97–98; assimilation issue, 102–5; and encystment, 107–11; excerpts from, 98–132; and Jewish culture, 116–20; preface to, 98, 130–32; sanctuary values, 111–16; and self-hatred, 105–7
liberty, 67, 126, 155, 162, 163, 202
literary movement, 246, 247, 257, 278, 279
lycée Carnot, xvi, xviii, 8, 14
Maghrebi Literature, xxxv, xliv, 241, 253–54, 267–68, 275–80
Maghrebi writers, 246–54, 259, 264–65, 267, 278, 280
Maimon, Dov, 30–33
Malcolm X, xxvi–xxviii, 133, 136–40, 329n1
Malka, Victor, 14–20
Marienstras, Richard, 127–30
Mediterranean region, travel to, 179–80
Memmi, Albert: about, xv–xliv; and Albert Camus, 57; anthologies written by, xxxv–xxxvi; as anticolonialist intellectual, 57; anxiety issue, 8, 28; assimilation issue, 102–5; birth of, xvi, 5–6; choosing France over other countries, 14–15; and Colonel Kadhafi, 184; and declaration of war, 44–48; early life of, 37; evolving stages of, xliii; and fecundity of exile, 33–34; growing up as a minority child, 4–5; and hoped immortality, 34; interview by Dov Maimon, 30–33; interview by Elias Levy, 309–10; interview by Fériel Berraies Guigny, 310–14; interview by Mireille Calle-Gruber, 275–80; interview by Victor Malka, 14–20; Jewishness issue, 12–14, 42–44, 80–81; letter of resignation by, 45; life experiences of, 279; literary reflections, 241–80; at lycée Carnot, 8; and Maghrebi writers, 246–54; marriage of, xvii–xviii, 9–11, 51, 180; mentors of, 8–9; mythical portrait, 89–91; and my travels, 174–82; and name humiliation, 36–37; and Nazi occupation, xvi–xvii; and Palestinian question, xxxii; in Paris, 10–11; and politics of separation, xxxvi; poor conditions faced by, 6–7, 38–39; at recruiting office, 48–49; reflections on Tunisia, 2–3, 27–29, 314; return to native country, 181–82; and Richard Marienstras, 127–30; Sabbath observed by, 38; schooling of, xvi–xvii, 7–8, 39–41; as a secularist, xxxii; shift in writing of, 69; and Sorbonne, 16; staged dialog, 242–46; and Stationary Nomad, 5–14; struggle with language, 40–41; and Uncle Makhlouf, 168–74; various identities of, 27; views on dominance, 30–31; views on philosophy, 7, 16–17; writing as a resource for, 11–12, 40; and youth movement, xxii, 8, 10, 13, 43. See also fiction and nonfiction works; Zionism
Messianism, 114–16
minorities, 48, 287, 301, 302, 305–6, 314
mixed marriages, 51, 58, 199, 212, 261, 305
Moore, Thomas, 212–14
morality, 100, 112, 239, 289, 307–8
Moslem Arabs, 185, 190, 192, 330n9
Moslem states, xxxii, 186, 191, 198
National Front, xxxviii, 331n1
nationalism, xxii, xxxii, xl, 124, 209, 281
nationalist movements, xix, 197
national language, 265, 270, 272, 274, 277
national liberation, xv, 31, 97, 123–24, 131, 184
national literatures, 251, 252, 270
nations: Arab, xxxi, 91, 189, 201–3; born too late, 293–94; Muslim, 203, 308; without law, 294–95; young, 189, 197, 268, 269, 292, 293
naturalization, 29, 193, 267, 299
Nazi occupation, xvi, xvii, 36
Nazis, xxvii, 44, 46, 222, 231–32
N’Dongo, Sally, 164–65
Négritude, xix–xx, 133, 145, 148–49, 151–53, 327n6
neocolonialism, xli, 165, 282, 290
Nobody Knows My Name (Baldwin), 139
non-Jews, xxiii–xxv, 75–77, 83–89, 195, 285
North African Jews, 13, 127, 193, 194
North African literature, xxxiii, 241, 247, 250, 254
North African writers, 249–50, 253, 256, 257, 258
oppressed people: about, 70; Blacks as, xxvii, 93, 134–35; Jews as, xxvi, 87, 92–93, 122–27; liberation of, 121, 131; and Messianism, 114; and racism, 234; and self-hatred, 105; women as, 70, 93, 134–35, 159–64. See also Négritude
oppression: about, xxii, xxiv; and assimilation issue, 103, 129; and colonized, 58; and colonizer, 68; conditions of, 149; and cultural history, 118, 119; and encystment, 110–11; figures and modes of, 81–83; and French union, 27; and governing class, 67; and Jewish fate, 92–93; mechanisms of, xxvi–xxvii; misery of, 134; and myth, 90; opposition to, 60; and racism, 224–25; and self-rejection, 107, 138; theme of, 135–36
Palestinian situation, xxxii, 32, 183, 192, 199–200, 290
philosophy of points of view, 88, 117, 137, 138, 296
physiognomy, 147, 193, 196, 197, 260, 306
The Pillar of Salt: about, xviii–xix; commotion about, 18–19; criticism of, 29; excerpts from, 36–49; narrative of, 35–36; publication of, 17–18, 35; repurchase of, 12; unexpected effect of, 19–20
poetry, xix, 32, 215, 246, 253, 268
political independence, xl, 25, 167, 282
Portrait of a Jew (Memmi): about, xxii, xxiv, xliii, 2, 69–70; criticism of, 97; excerpts from, 70–95; importance of, 94–95; and Jewish condition, 13; preface to, 29–30; protests about, 83–86; reason for writing, 79–83
postcolonial states, xl, xli, xliv, 281
postcolonial world, xxx, 69, 281
privilege system, xx–xxi, 59–63, 66, 104, 221–22, 238–39
publishing houses, 241, 270, 271
race, defined, 225
racial dominance, xxxviii
racism: about, xxii; analysis of, 222–25; anti-Black, xxvii, xxviii, 221; and anti-racist agenda, xxxix; and anti-Semitism, 226, 229–32; colonial, xxiv; and colonization, 228–29; conclusion about, 232–36; and corruption, 229; and cultural differences, xli–xlii; defined, 221, 225; form of, 222; foundation of, 227; lessons learnt from, 236–39; machinery of, xxxix; and mythical portrait of Jew, 90; as a pseudotheory, 227; struggle against, 228, 237–38; victim of, 224–25. See also heterophobia; oppression; Zionism
Racism (Memmi), xxxvii, xxxviii
reason and faith, 286–87
religious fanaticism, 212, 214
repression and violence, 291–309
Rushdie, Salman, 285, 286, 288
sanctuary values, 111–16
Sartre, Jean-Paul: about, xv, xviii–xx; and Albert Memmi, xxii–xxiii, xxxiii; and anti-Semites, 70–71; initial encounter with, 35; and Jewish condition, 70, 73, 78; observations on, 70–79; preface by, 12, 13; reviews by, xx
The Scorpion (Memmi), xxxiii, xxxiv, 167–82, 205, 207
The Second Sex (Beauvoir), xxix, 159
secularism, xlii–xliii, 284–89, 303–4, 308, 311–12, 322n27
self-affirmation, 73, 109, 119, 150, 227, 231
self-rejection, xxix, 99, 105–7, 138, 150
September 11, 2001 attacks, xl, 297, 299
sexual relations and desire, 160, 162
Six-Day War, xxvi, 2, 130, 328n14
slavery, xxiii, 144, 157, 222, 292, 306
socialism, xliii, 123, 195, 198, 245
State of Israel: about, xxii; and Diaspora communities, 33, 123, 130–31; and Israeli thorn, 201–3; and Palestinian situation, 200; peace issues, xxxi, 197–200, 310; reasons for creating, 199
“The Stationary Nomad,” 5–14
The Stranger (Camus), 63, 64, 249, 260
Strangers (Memmi), xxxiii, xxxviii, xliii, 30, 51–58
subjection: and dependence, 210–11, 218–19; and domination, xxxvii, 209, 218; female, xxix, xlii
submission and doubt, 286–89
suicide bombing and bombers, 296, 297, 298
temporal and spiritual powers, 288
terrorism and violence, 295–99
third-world, 269, 290, 294, 300, 307, 313
total revolt, 142–45
traditional novel, 243–45
truth, passion for, 212–13
Tunisia: anti-Semitism in, 309–10; decision to leave, 14; and French policy, 23–24; Jewish activity in, 91; leadership issues, 26; political independence issue, 167, 188; reflections on, 2–3, 314; return to, 35; state of affairs, 20–27
Tunisian Jews, xxiii, xxvii, 193
Uncle Makhlouf, 168–74
underdeveloped countries, 158, 283
violence: about, xxvii, xxxi, xli; and French policy, 23; and Malcolm X, 136, 140; in mixed marriages, 53, 55; mob, 25; from repression to, 291–309; and terrorism, 295–99; and Zionism, 43. See also oppression; racism
Warsaw ghetto, 48, 74, 110, 111
West Indians, 150–54
wisdom, xxxiv, 106, 170, 171, 181, 205
World War II, xix, xxxix, 2, 36, 89, 327n7
writers and citizen, 273–75
Writer-Tourists, xxxv, 249, 251
xenophobia, 157, 190, 216, 230, 310, 319n5
Yom Kippur, xxx, 77, 130, 183, 189
youth movement, xxii, 8, 10, 13, 43
Zionism: about, xxii–xxxiii; aim of, 197; and Jewish activity, 91; Memmi’s views on, 31, 43; and racism, 183; and revolution, 70–79; socialist, xxxi; and violence, 43. See also Judaism