Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
This index lists people, places, events, and institutions which appear in the text. The reader is urged to consult the Cast of Characters on pp.
187–
89 for capsule descriptions of individuals cited, and the List of Abbreviations on p.
185 for explanations of acronyms.
Abu al-Walid, Brig.,
73,
104; and withdrawal from Beirut,
111–12; prewar visit to Damascus,
79; statements,
84,
90,
203n48; visits to front lines,
83Abu Iyyad,
103; and ‘Arafat,
205n4; critique of Arab regimes,
95,
204n62; on August attacks
96–97; on P.L.O. decisions,
173–74,
207n29; on P.L.O. leadership,
82,
111–13; denials of P.L.O concessions,
83–85,
90,
95,
117,
206–7n26; message to USSR,
212n68; on pre-war warnings of Israeli attack,
198n21; revelations regarding Israeli agents,
93–94; talk with Walid Jumblatt,
201n16Abu Jihad,
103; meeting with Druze leaders,
75; and negotiations,
125; pre-war visit to Demascus,
79; on pre-war warnings of Israeli attack,
198n21; visits to front lines,
83Abu Khaled al-‘Amleh,
113Abu Lutf,
103,
159,
211n66; on P.L.O. decisions,
173–74; meetings with French officials,
119–120,
124,
146,
154; at U.N.,
106,
108–9,
119Adloun, pre-1982 war fighting in,
18‘Adwan, Kamal, assassination,
23‘Ain al-Hilweh camp: as “Masada of Palestinians,”
51; compared to Stalingrad, battle for,
51–54,
62,
74,
84,
113,
197n11,
197n18,
198n32Amal, relations with P.L.O.,
18–19American University of Beirut,
100Arab League: delegation visit to France,
119–20,
146,
154,
210n36; delegation visit to U.S.,
136,
142,
153–63; delegation visit to USSR,
210n45; Jedda conference,
94–95;
163–64,
211n66Arab states, responsibility for massacres,
175‘Arafat, Yasser,
7,
15,
29,
67; acceptance of 1978 ceasefire,
37; and Arab League delegation visit to U.S.,
155–59; on August attacks,
96; on battle of Beirut,
118,
202n28; command of JF,
36; contacts with Egypt,
149; critiques of Arab states,
148–49; and other Fateh leaders,
103,
117,
164–65,
205n4,
206n25; and France,
121,
124–27,
140–41,
145–47,
174–75,
192n14,
206n16,
207n32,
208n49; Haig and,
123; on Hajj Isma‘il,
198n31; interviews,
86,
90,
98; invites Mendès-France, Goldmann, Klutznik to Beirut,
209n10; at outbreak of war,
105–6; pledge to Wazzan,
115–16,
127–28,
131,
206n23; on P.L.O. decisions,
119,
173–74,
207n29; and Syria and Saudi Arabia,
39,
148–49,
150–54,
205n10; target for Israeli attacks,
64,
93,
97; and U.N. truce efforts,
109; and USSR,
164–65,
194n21,
212n68; visits to front lines,
83; warnings against danger of massacres:
65,
128; warnings of IDF attack,
57,
194n20,
198n20.
See also P.L.O.al-Asad, Hafez, attitude to P.L.O.,
39–40,
150; exchange of letters with Reagan,
211n49; P.L.O. message to,
165,
212n68
Ba‘abda:
11,
89,
114,
118,
138,
203n42; IDF arrival at,
48–49,
54–56,
82,
84,
109,
112–13,
115Bandar Ibn Sultan, Prince,
209n17Battle of South Lebanon,
72–77Battle of the mountains,
82–87Beirut: as ideal battlefield for P.L.O.
62; encirclement of,
48–50,
54,
61,
77–82; Israeli failure to enter,
55–56; and the Palestinians,
99–101; siege of,
87–97,
132–35,
199n2; target for Israeli offensive,
57,
73.
See also LebanonBeirut University College,
100Buis, Gen. George, assessment of war,
142–44
Camp David process,
108; Egyptian departure from,
149Car bombs, utilized by Israelis and Phalangists,
88,
202n39Casualties, civilian,
71,
89,
93,
97,
133,
200n5,
203n43,
204n67; IDF,
1,
45,
53–54,
56,
71,
73–76,
80–82,
89–90,
96;
199–200n4,
200–1n15,
201–2n27,
203n44,
204n64; P.L.O.,
71,
200n5Chehabi, Maj. Gen. Hikmat,
79Cockburn, Alexander,
209n8Corniche al-Mazra‘a,
94,
96Council of National Salvation,
114
de Laboulaye, François,
209n17Druze,
45,
53,
88,
168; and Israelis,
79; attitude to P.L.O.,
18–19,
22,
75,
201n16.
See also Jumblatt, Walid
Fahd Ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz,
209n17; 1981 peace plan,
39Fateh,
15,
62,
205n4,
205n5; Central Committee,
103–106; and Sidon fighting,
18; dispute with Syria,
39; alleged support for Syrian opposition,
40; growing wealth of,
32; leadership,
111–12; rebellion,
113France: and Arab League delegation visit to U.S.,
162–63; defense analysts on war,
142–44; doubts about U.S. guarantees,
174–75; Franco-Egyptian S.C. draft,
135–42,
155–56,
159,
181; intermediary between P.L.O. and U.S.,
12,
65,
86,
206n15; and Lebanese mediators,
192n15; and massacres,
179; and MNF,
175; role of in negotiations,
11–13,
115,
119–22,
124–26,
135–39; and Saudi Arabia,
139–41,
162,
209n17;
145–47, and Soviet Union,
145–46,
151,
210n45; and Syria,
151,
210n45; and U.S.
122–26,
139–41; warnings to P.L.O.
57,
147,
203n41.
See also United NationsFront for the Preservation of the South,
116
Great Britain, and MNF,
175Gur, Gen. Mordechai,
21,
112
Habib, Philip,
10–11,
13–14,
85,
152,
158; failure to heed warnings re massacres,
66,
128; French comments on,
146; on Haig,
172–73,
212n10; on Israel,
145; mediation in 1981,
37–38; plan:
83,
87,
92,
94,
129,
131–65,
167–71,
174–78; role in negotiations,
11,
114,
125–26,
167–78,
208n49; on Sharon’s aims,
172–73; on Sharon-Haig understanding,
172; on U.S. violation of commitments,
176.
See also Haig, Gen. Alexander;
United StatesHaig, Gen. Alexander,
141,
205–6n12; flaws in account of war,
192n9,
205–6n12; Habib views as “lying,”
212n10; policy divergences over war,
107–8,
205n7,
207–8n41; and P.L.O.,
120–23,
139; resignation’s effect,
85,
87,
89; sees war as “opportunity,”
108.
See also United Statesal-Hassan, Hani,
104,
154; first contacts with French,
192n14,
206n15,
206n16; and P.L.O. withdrawal,
110–11,
117; on P.L.O. giving up arms,
84,
117; on P.L.O. and IDF pressure,
173–74,
203n46; remarks to press,
117,
202n33,
206n24,
206n25; role in negotiations,
116,
118–19,
125al-Hassan, Khaled,
103–4,
205n5,
211n66; advice to ‘Arafat,
155–59; mission to Washington,
91,
136,
142,
154–63,
181,
211n64
India, mediation during war,
207n30Institut d’Études Stratégiques,
143Israel, assassinations of P.L.O. leaders,
23; Cabinet,
202n30; effects of 1982 war on,
1–2,
45; expectations in 1982,
50–56; involvement in Zahle crisis,
37; objectives in 1982 war,
45–47Israeli Defense Forces,
43,
47,
194–94n23; attacks on South Lebanon,
20–21,
28,
38; bombardment of Beirut,
133–35,
144,
164,
173,
182,
203–4n54,
204n66,
209n8; casualties,
1,
45,
53–54,
56,
71,
73–76,
80–82,
89–90,
96,
172,
191n2,
199–200n4,
201–2n27,
204n64; forces committed to war,
58,
73,
79,
197n16; intelligence services,
88,
93–94,
192n12,
192n13,
193–94n13,
202n39; intention to enter Beirut,
134,
143–44,
170,
182; and LF entry into Shouf,
168; military pressure as factor in P.L.O. decisions,
68–98,
171–74; performance during 1982 war,
49–53;
55–57,
59–63,
65,
143–44,
181–82; responsibility for massacres,
178–79; strategy,
73,
196–97n9; violation of ceasefires,
81,
109,
128
Khaddam, ‘Abd al-Halim, at Jedda Conference,
163–64; opposition to P.L.O. strategy,
151–54; visit to Washington,
91,
136,
142,
154–63Khaldeh,
57,
79,
95; battle of,
53–55,
62–63,
73,
76–78,
80–81,
109,
113,
198n20,
198n32; IDF probes at
84Kissinger, Henry,
108; 1975 memo on P.L.O.,
138Kuwaiti Embassy, battle for,
49,
96
LF,
35,
169,
194n20; involvement in Zahle crisis,
37; opposition to P.L.O.,
19,
34,
58; and Sabra-Shatila massacres,
176–79; and Shouf massacres,
168,
201n16Lebanese University,
84,
100Lebanon, and the P.L.O.,
17–18,
20–27,
29–33,
192–93n1,
193n3; effects of war on,
2–3; popular support for P.L.O.,
68–69,
86–87,
114–15,
131–35.
See also Beirut
Madinat al-Zahrat School,
76Massacres, Damour (1976),
25; Dbaye camp (1976),
25; Haret al-Ghawarneh (1975),
24; Karantina/Maslakh (1976),
25; Qibya (1955),
193n5; Sabra and Shatila (1982),
165,
167–80,
213n29; Samu‘ (1966),
193n5; Shouf (1982),
65,
88,
168,
199n37,
201n16; Sibnaye (1975),
25; Tal al-Za‘tar camp (1976),
25,
169,
178,
212n1Museum crossing point, battle for,
49,
64,
96–97
Najjar, Abu Yusuf, assassination,
23Nasser, Kamal, assassination,
23National Salvation Council,
86
P.L.O.,
101–106,
205n3; acceptance of 1978, 1979, 1981 ceasefires,
38,
46,
195n24; acceptance of Habib plan,
164–65,
167–71,
174–78,
180–82; acceptance of June 1982 ceasefire,
81,
201n23; archives,
6,
192n10,
212n68; artillery,
89–91,
203n42,
203n44; Central Operations Room,
65,
69,
93–95,
97,
109; command, control and communications,
69–72,
199n3; critiques of Arab states,
73–74,
90,
94–95,
97–98,
147–49; effects of 1982 war on,
2,
193n8,
179–82; 11-point plan,
88–90,
92,
124,
141–42,
145,
153,
158,
168–69,
173,
203n53; expectations in 1982,
57–66; finances,
194n18; IDF pressure as factor in decisions,
68–98,
171–74; internal debate over withdrawal,
110–19,
129–29; leadership,
67,
75,
93,
101–106,
136,
141–42,
144,
146–49,
159,
168,
178–80,
201n23,
206n16; pre-war relations with Lebanese,
17–27,
29–33,
192–93n1,
193n3; Research Center,
192n10; and massacres,
179–82; and Syria,
78–79,
201n17; target of psychological war,
88; and USSR,
34–35,
39,
57,
164–65,
194n21,
212n68.
See also ‘Arafat, YasserPalestinian state in West Bank/Gaza Strip,
102,
105,
120Peace Now Movement,
85,
110Phalange Party,
71–72,
115,
127,
169,
192n8,
202–3n40; and Sabra/Shatila massacres,
172,
176,
178–79; and car-bombs,
88,
202n39Port crossing point, battle for,
49–50,
64,
96Primakov, Dr. Yevgeny,
194n21 P.S.P.,
79
Qabr Shmoun crossroads,
81
Raouche, area bombed,
93–94
Sarafand, pre-1982 war fighting in,
18Sa‘ud al-Faisal, Prince,
108,
205n10; and Arab League visit to U.S.,
91,
136,
142,
154–63; and France,
139–40; and Franco-Egyptian draft,
153–54,
159–63; and Jedda conference,
163–64Saudi Arabia,
105, and French role,
139–41,
153–54,
159–63,
209n17; influence on PL.O. decisions,
14; mediation of 1981 ceasefire,
38,
40; mediation in 1982,
125–26; P.L.O. critiques of,
95; and U.S.,
106,
139–40,
205–6n12Schiff, Ze’ev: account of Draper-Sharon meeting,
177; assessments of P.L.O.,
50–51,
58,
60Sghayir, Col. ‘Azmi,
61,
70Shams al-Din, Shaykh Muhammad Mehdi, criticism of P.L.O.,
19Sharon, Ariel,
2,
39–41,
143–44,
147,
179,
197n17; arrival at Ba‘abda,
82; desire to abort Habib accord,
171–74; flaws in his planning,
50,
52,
55–57,
63; intention to enter Beirut,
142,
172–75,
212n7; and Israeli Cabinet,
181–82; Knesset statement on Tal al-Za‘tar,
178; libel suit against Time magazine,
176; meeting with Draper,
177; pre-war revelations by,
57; and Unit
101,
193n5; strategic vision,
195–96n30; viewed by Habib as “lying,”
212n10.
See also IDF
Shi‘a,
76; as “new Palestinians”,
88; attitude to P.L.O.,
18–19,
21–22,
115; hostility to Israel,
45; politicians,
116Shouf, IDF advances in,
53–54,
74–81,
85,
101,
113; massacres in,
65,
88,
168,
199n37,
201n16; off-limits to P.L.O. forces,
78–79Sidon,
27,
51,
127; encirclement of,
48,
50,
53,
73–75,
77,
200n14; pre-1982 war fighting in,
18–19; P.L.O. failings in,
61; pre-war military preparations in,
59,
78; resistance in,
74,
113,
197n11Summerland beach, attacks on,
50,
95–96Syria, and Abu Saleh,
104,
164–65; army,
46; effects of 1982 war on,
4; forces engaged by IDF,
48–49,
52–54,
77–81,
85,
115,
134; French critiques of,
141; influence on P.L.O. decisions,
14,
39; Israeli intentions regarding,
46; and Franco-Egyptian draft,
141,
151–54,
160–63; and P.L.O.,
25,
39–40,
147,
151–54,
160–63; P.L.O. critiques of,
95,
148,
201n17; position in Lebanon,
26,
46; and shootings of Kamal Junblatt and Abu Musa,
27; and U.S.,
107,
211n49; and USSR,
151,
210n45; and Zahle crisis,
37
Tayyouneh, IDF attacks on,
96Tripoli, plan to move P.L.O. to,
159,
161
United Nations: action to halt Israel,
106; Franco-Egyptian draft resolution,
135–39,
155–56,
159,
181; mediation of 1981 ceasefire,
38; S.C. 242,
137,
157–58,
181; S.C. 509,
107–8,
163–64; Security Council action,
96; Security Council draft of 25 June:
120; U.S. blocks Security Council action,
106–10,
120,
136–38,
141.
See also FranceUnited States, aims in 1982,
107–8,
173; and Arab League delegation,
153–63; blocks U.N. action,
106–10,
120,
136–38,
141,
169,
205n7; effects of 1982 war on,
3,
5; exchange of notes with Lebanon,
171,
204n61; guarantees for safety of civilians,
129,
167–71,
175–80; National Security Agency,
192n12; National Security Council,
207–8n41; and USSR,
107,
192n5; violation of pledges to P.L.O.,
176–80.
See also Habib, Philip;
Haig, Gen. Alexander;
USSR: and Abu Saleh,
104,
164–65; effects of 1982 war on,
3–4,
192n6; efforts at U.N.,
106,
108–9; and French efforts,
145–46,
210n45; Israeli intentions regarding,
46; and P.L.O.,
34–35,
39,
57,
194n21,
210n45,
212n68; and Syria,
151,
210n45; and U.S.
107,
191–92n5
Verdun, Lebanon war as Israel’s,
91Vietnam, Lebanon war as Israel’s,
91Voice of Lebanon, and links with Kol Israel,
71–72
“Withdrawal Now Movement,
85,
110
Zahrani beachhead,
60,
74