Pro HTML5 Accessibility by O'Connor, Joshue -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Copyright Dedication Contents at a Glance Contents Dedication About the Author About the Technical Reviewer Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1: Introduction to HTML5 Accessibility

Introduction to HTML5: The New Wave

HTML5 vs. HTML 4 HTML5 Syntax

New Elements HTML5: Accessibility and Feature Detection

Defining Accessibility Accessibility: From Theory to Practice Understanding Accessibility

Legislation

Rehabilitation Act Other Relevant Legislation Disability Discrimination Act 1995 Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 PAS78, the DDA, and the Equality Act 2010 European Legislation

Dealing with Change and Diversity What Are the Benefits of Accessibility? Accessibility Should Enhance Your Design—Not Destroy It WCAG 2.0 and HTML5 The Challenge of HTML5 Accessibility Conclusion

Chapter 2: Understanding Disability and Assistive Technology

Understanding Your Users

It’s All Me, Me, Me with Some People!

Overview of Blindness

Blindness and Accessibility Vision Impairment Glaucoma Macular Degeneration Retinopathy Detached Retina

Physical Disability Cognitive and Sensory Disabilities

Perception Memory and Attention Sequencing Dyslexia

What Is Assistive Technology?

What Is a Screen Reader? Screen Readers and Alternatives Technologies for Mobile Device Accessibility Speech Synthesis: What Is It and How Does It Work?

Screen Magnification

Switch Access Mouse Emulation Switch Access, Mouse Emulation, and the Web

The Accessibility Overlap Conclusion

Chapter 3: JavaScript Isn’t a Dirty Word, and ARIA Isn’t Just Beautiful Music

JavaScript: Useful When Used Well WAI-ARIA: What Is It?

What’s Wrong with HTML 4, 3, 2…?

Accessible JavaScript

Progressive Enhancement Unobtrusive JavaScript Tidy Coding Common JavaScript Accessibility Problems Creating Accessible Pop-up Menus and Inline Event Handlers Use of TabIndex and More Advanced Focus Techniques JavaScript and WCAG 2.0 Common Scripting Failures in WCAG 2.0 Accessible JavaScript Toolkits WAI-ARIA: How to Do It!

Conclusion

Chapter 4: API and DOM

Defining the Elements Under the Hood of Assistive Technologies

What’s an API? What’s a Layout Engine? What Are Accessibility APIs?

The Off-Screen Model (OSM) What Is the DOM?

Commonly Used Accessibility APIs HTML5 and Accessibility APIs

Conclusion

Chapter 5: HTML5: The New Semantics and New Approaches to Document Markup

HTML5: What’s New?

New HTML5 Semantics Global Attributes in HTML5 A Quick Recap on How and Why to Use Heading Elements Meet the New divs on the Block Getting Sectioned As an Aside, Did You Hear the One About the Vicar and the […]

Conclusion

Chapter 6: Images, Rich Media, Audio, and Video in HTML5

Making Images Accessible

Meet the Poster Child of Accessible Web Design: The alt Attribute How Screen Readers Handle @alt Text @alt Drawbacks

What Should I Describe?

Describing Content: Don't Overdo It

Different Kinds of Images

What's New in HTML5 for Describing Images? Describing an Image with ARIA-describedby

Which Method Should I Use?

Type 1: Describing a Visually Rich Image Image Color Contrast

HTML5 and Accessible <video> and <audio>

HTML5 <video>, <audio>, and You HTML5 <video> and Your Users What's Wrong With Flash? Accessibility Problems in Flash Building an Accessible Player First Things First: What's New in Embedded Content? <video> Fallback Content The Media Elements API Getting Started with <video> Making Your Controls Accessible Accessible HTML5 Video Player Version 1 Accessible HTML5 Video Player Version 2

Audio Description and Captioning with the <track> Element

Cue Settings Creating an <audio> Player

<canvas> Accessibility Conclusion

Chapter 7: HTML5 and Accessible Data Tables

The Trouble with Tables

Screen Readers and Data Tables Common Patterns for Data Tables TMI? How to Create Accessible Tables

Conclusion

Chapter 8: HTML5 and Accessible Forms

Designing an Accessible Form User Interface

Some Forms Good Practices Differences in FORM Elements Between HTML 4 and HTML5 HTML5 Labeling of Form Controls New HTML5 Elements New HTML5 INPUT Types New HTML5 Form Attributes Accessible Error Recovery

Conclusion

Chapter 9: HTML5, Usability, and User-Centered Design

What Is Usability? Universal Design Participatory Design Focus Group Research Surveys The Cognitive Walkthrough Expert Evaluations Expert Accessibility Audits Using Personas

Building Personas Does Using Personas Work?

Field Studies Traditional Usability Testing User Testing with People with Disabilities

Formal vs. Informal User Testing Measuring User-Testing Outputs How Does User Testing Work? Goals and Benefits of User Testing Limitations of Testing

So What's the Best Method for Me to Assess My HTML5 Project?

Iterative Design Processes

Is Usability the New Economics? Conclusion

Chapter 10: Tools, Tips, and Tricks: Assessing Your Accessible HTML5 Project

Useful Tools for Developers

The Chris Pederick Web Developer Toolbar WAT-C Web Accessibility Toolbar (Internet Explorer and Opera) Colour Contrast Analyser WAVE Firebug Tools in the Browser Automated Accessibility Evaluation Tools Want to Examine Accessibility APIs? Try AccProbe or Inspect32 Disability Simulation Tools: aDesigner Guerilla User Testing

Validation

Cascading Style Sheets

Simulation Exercises

Simulation Exercise 1:No-Frills Browsing Simulation Exercise 2: Turning Off Your Display and Using a Screen Reader

Conclusion

Appendix A: WCAG 2.0 Client-Side Scripting Techniques

SCR1: Allowing the user to extend the default time limit

Description Examples

SCR2: Using redundant keyboard and mouse event handlers

Description Tests Expected Results

SCR16: Providing a script that warns the user a time limit is about to expire

Example

SCR21: Using functions of the Document Object Model (DOM) to add content to a page

Description Example

SCR24: Using progressive enhancement to open new windows on user request

Description Example

SCR26: Inserting dynamic content into the Document Object Model immediately following its trigger element

Description Example Tests: Procedure Expected Results

SCR28: Using an expandable and collapsible menu to bypass block of content

Description Example 1 Example 2

SCR32: Providing client-side validation and adding error text via the DOM

Description Example HTML and JavaScript Code

SCR35: Making actions keyboard accessible by using the onclick event of anchors and buttons

Description Example 1 Example 2

SCR37: Creating custom aialogs in a device-independent way

Description Example

Appendix B: Definition of WAI-ARIA Roles

WAI-ARIA States and Properties

Index

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