Celestial Navigation in the GPS Age by Karl, John -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Title Page Copyright Dedication Foreword Preface About the Author Acknowledgment Contents Frontispiece Foreword Preface 1. Introduction

The Heroic Era The Story Retold The Fundamental Idea

An Ancient Observation The Key Concept The Mariner's Angle

The Equal-Altitude Line of Position

The 3-D Picture The Limitations of Mechanical Methods The Only Solution

2. Plotting the Celestial Navigation Lop

Coordinates

Latitude and Longitude Greenwich Hour Angle and Declination

The Navigation Triangle

Sun and Earth The Local Hour Angle Azimuth Angle and Azimuth

Three Plotting Methods

The Concept Plotting Variables

3. The st. Hilaire Method

The Captain's Idea The Straight-Line Approximation The Error Why St. Hilaire? In Summary

4. The Nautical Almanac—An Overview

The Daily Pages The Altitude Corrections

5. Sun Sight Reductions

Using Inspection Tables

The Worksheet Altitude Corrections The GHA and Declination The LHA The Sketch Using H.O. 249 Tables Using H.O. 229 Tables

Using Direct Computation

Calculator Details

Four Examples of Sun Sights

6. Sights of other Celestial Bodies

Availability The Planets The Moon The Stars Star Sights by Tables or Calculator Star Sights by H.O. 249, Volume 1 Viewing Stars and Planets Identifying Stars and Planets

7. Special Sights

Polaris

Polaris by the Nautical Almanac Polaris by H.O. 249, Vol. 1 Polaris with Only a Sextant

Meridian Sights Latitude without Meridian Shots or UT Latitude and Longitude from Meridian Sights Longitude from Altitude and Latitude Time from a Lunar LOP and a Star Fix Position without St. Hilaire St. Hilaire without a Sextant

8. Lunar Distance Sights

The Concept Taking the Lunar Sight The Distance Clearing Concept Clearing the Lunar Distance The Sight Reduction A Lunar Example Accuracy So Why Lunars Today? Other Lunars

9. The Altitude Observations

The Sextant

The Horizon Mirror The Telescope Eye Relief Telescopes with Traditional Horizon Mirrors Field of View

Sextant Checks and Adjustments

The Telescope The Index Mirror The Horizon Mirror Index Error Backlash Sextant Arc Error

Sextant Observations

Observations at Home Taking a Sight Averaging Sights

Altitude Corrections

Dip Refraction Upper and Lower Limbs Parallax

10. Operations At Sea

Celestial before GPS Celestial with GPS Those Special Sights Plotting Running Fixes

The Traditional Running Fix The Estimated Position Running Fix The Short-Run Fix

Special LOP Orientations Great-Circle Sailing Time Accuracy Compass Deviation

Swinging the Ship Sun Azimuths

Ocean Pilot Charts

11. Tables, Calculators, and Computers: The Debate

Sight Reduction Tables Calculators and Computers

12. Insights from The Navigation Triangle

Equivalent Triangles The Azimuth Rules Understanding Inspection Tables Special Cases of the Azimuth Equation

13. Exercises for Understanding and Confidence

Sight Reduction and the Navigation Triangle Navigational Astronomy Courses, Distances, and Charts Lunar Distances Computer Programming

Appendices

A. Navigation Triangle Formulae B. Calculator Keystrokes C. Excerpts from the Nautical Almanac D. Sight Reduction Tables E. Sight Reduction Worksheets F. Concepts in Plane Trigonometry G. Sextant Arc Error Tables H. Dip Short of Horizon I. Sunrise/Sunset Azimuth Tables J. A Brief History of Navigation K. Annotated Bibliography

Abbreviations Used in the Text Index

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