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Index
Maps, Figures, and Tables
New to the Second Edition
A Note to My Fellow Teachers
A Note to Students: Tips for Studying History
Supplements
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
CHAPTER 1 N EW W ORLD E NCOUNTERS , P RECONQUEST –1608
Diverse Cultures: De Vaca’s Journey Through Native America
NATIVE AMERICANS BEFORE THE CONQUEST
The Environmental Challenge: Food, Climate, and Culture
Aztec Dominance
Eastern Woodland Cultures
CONDITIONS OF CONQUEST
Cultural Negotiations
Threats to Survival: Columbian Exchange
WEST AFRICA: ANCIENT AND COMPLEX SOCIETIES
EUROPE ON THE EVE OF CONQUEST
Spanish Expansion
The Strange Career of Christopher Columbus
SPAIN IN THE AMERICAS
The Conquistadores: Faith and Greed
From Plunder to Settlement
THE FRENCH CLAIM CANADA
THE ENGLISH TAKE UP THE CHALLENGE
Birth of English Protestantism
Religion, War, and Nationalism
CONCLUSION: CAMPAIGN TO SELL AMERICA
Study Resources
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CHAPTER 2 E NGLAND’S N EW W ORLD E XPERIMENTS , 1607–1732
Profit and Piety: Competing Visions for English Settlement
BREAKING AWAY: DECISIONS TO MOVE TO AMERICA
The Chesapeake: Dreams of Wealth
Entrepreneurs in Virginia
Threat of Anarchy
Tobacco Saves Virginia
Time of Reckoning
Maryland: A Catholic Refuge
A “NEW” ENGLAND IN AMERICA
The Puritan Migration to Massachusetts
“A City on a Hill”
Competing Truths in New England
Mobility and Division
DIVERSITY IN THE MIDDLE COLONIES
Anglo-Dutch Rivalry on the Hudson
Confusion in New Jersey
Quakers in America
Penn’s “Holy Experiment”
PLANTING THE SOUTHERN COLONIES
Founding the Carolinas
Founding of Georgia
CONCLUSION: LIVING WITH DIVERSITY
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CHAPTER 3 P UTTING D OWN R OOTS: O PPORTUNITY AND O PPRESSION IN C OLONIAL S OCIETY , 1619–1692
Families in an Atlantic Empire
SOCIAL STABILITY: NEW ENGLAND COLONIES OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
Immigrant Families and New Social Order
Puritan Women in New England
Establishing a New Social Order
THE CHALLENGE OF THE CHESAPEAKE ENVIRONMENT
Families at Risk
The Structure of Planter Society
RACE AND FREEDOM IN BRITISH AMERICA
Roots of Slavery
Constructing African American Identities
BLUEPRINT FOR EMPIRE
Response to Economic Competition
Regulating Colonial Trade
COLONIAL POLITICAL REVOLTS
Civil War in Virginia: Bacon’s Rebellion
The Glorious Revolution in the Bay Colony
Contagion of Witchcraft
CONCLUSION: FOUNDATIONS OF AN ATLANTIC EMPIRE
Study Resources
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CHAPTER 4 E XPERIENCE OF E MPIRE : E IGHTEENTH -C ENTURY A MERICA , 1680–1763
Constructing an Anglo-American Identity: The Journal of William Byrd
TENSIONS IN THE BACKCOUNTRY
Scots-Irish Flee English Oppression
Germans Search for a Better Life
Native Americans Stake Out a Middle Ground
SPANISH BORDERLANDS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
Conquering the Northern Frontier
Peoples of the Spanish Borderlands
THE IMPACT OF EUROPEAN IDEAS ON AMERICAN CULTURE
American Enlightenment
Benjamin Franklin
Economic Transformation
Birth of a Consumer Society
RELIGIOUS REVIVALS IN PROVINCIAL SOCIETIES
The Great Awakening
Evangelical Religion
CLASH OF POLITICAL CULTURES
Governing the Colonies: The American Experience
Colonial Assemblies
CENTURY OF IMPERIAL WAR
The French Threat
King George’s War and Its Aftermath
Seven Years’ War
Perceptions of War
CONCLUSION: RULE BRITANNIA?
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CHAPTER 5 T HE A MERICAN R EVOLUTION : F ROM E LITE P ROTEST TO P OPULAR R EVOLT , 1763–1783
Moment of Decision: Commitment and Sacrifice
STRUCTURE OF COLONIAL SOCIETY
Breakdown of Political Trust
No Taxation Without Representation: The American Perspective
Justifying Resistance
ERODING THE BONDS OF EMPIRE
Paying Off the National Debt
The Protest Spreads
Fueling the Crisis
Surge of Force
The Final Provocation: The Boston Tea Party
STEPS TOWARD INDEPENDENCE
Shots Heard Around the World
Beginning “The World Over Again”
FIGHTING FOR INDEPENDENCE
Building a Professional Army
“Times That Try Men’s Souls”
Victory in a Year of Defeat
The French Alliance
The Final Campaign
The Loyalist Dilemma
CONCLUSION: PRESERVING INDEPENDENCE
Study Resources
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CHAPTER 6 T HE R EPUBLICAN E XPERIMENT , 1783–1788
A New Political Morality
DEFINING REPUBLICAN CULTURE
Social and Political Reform
African Americans in the New Republic
The Challenge of Women’s Rights
The States: Experiments in Republicanism
STUMBLING TOWARD A NEW NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
Articles of Confederation
Western Land: Key to the First Constitution
Northwest Ordinance: The Confederation’s Major Achievement
“HAVE WE FOUGHT FOR THIS?”
The Genius of James Madison
Constitutional Reform
The Philadelphia Convention
Inventing a Federal Republic
Compromise Saves the Convention
The Last Details
We the People
WHOSE CONSTITUTION? STRUGGLE FOR RATIFICATION
Federalists and Antifederalists
Adding the Bill of Rights
CONCLUSION: SUCCESS DEPENDS ON THE PEOPLE
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CHAPTER 7 D EMOCRACY AND D ISSENT : T HE V IOLENCE OF P ARTY P OLITICS , 1788–1800
Force of Public Opinion
PRINCIPLE AND PRAGMATISM: ESTABLISHING A NEW GOVERNMENT
Getting Started
Conflicting Visions: Jefferson and Hamilton
HAMILTON’S PLAN FOR PROSPERITY AND SECURITY
Debt as a Source of National Strength
Interpreting the Constitution: The Bank Controversy
Setback for Hamilton
CHARGES OF TREASON: THE BATTLE OVER FOREIGN AFFAIRS
The Peril of Neutrality
Jay’s Treaty Sparks Domestic Unrest
Pushing the Native Americans Aside
POPULAR POLITICAL CULTURE
Whiskey Rebellion: Charges of Republican Conspiracy
Washington’s Farewell
THE ADAMS PRESIDENCY: POLITICS OF MISTRUST
The XYZ Affair and Domestic Politics
Crushing Political Dissent
Silencing Political Opposition: The Alien and Sedition Acts
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
Adams’s Finest Hour
The Peaceful Revolution: The Election of 1800
CONCLUSION: DANGER OF POLITICAL EXTREMISM
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CHAPTER 8 R EPUBLICAN A SCENDANCY : T HE J EFFERSONIAN V ISION , 1800–1814
Limits of Equality
THE REPUBLIC EXPANDS
Westward the Course of Empire
Native American Resistance
Commercial Life in the Cities
JEFFERSON AS PRESIDENT
Political Reforms
The Louisiana Purchase
The Lewis and Clark Expedition
RACE AND DISSENT UNDER JEFFERSON
Attack on the Judges
The Slave Trade
EMBARRASSMENTS OVERSEAS
Embargo Divides the Nation
A New Administration Goes to War
Fumbling Toward Conflict
THE STRANGE WAR OF 1812
Fighting the British
Hartford Convention: The Demise of the Federalists
CONCLUSION: THE “SECOND WAR OF INDEPENDENCE”
Study Resources
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CHAPTER 9 N ATION B UILDING AND N ATIONALISM , 1815–1825
A Revolutionary War Hero Revisits America in 1824
EXPANSION AND MIGRATION
Extending the Boundaries
Native American Societies Under Pressure
TRANSPORTATION AND THE MARKET ECONOMY
Roads and Steamboats
Emergence of a Market Economy
Early Industrialism
THE POLITICS OF NATION BUILDING AFTER THE WAR OF 1812
The Missouri Compromise
Postwar Nationalism and the Supreme Court
Nationalism in Foreign Policy: The Monroe Doctrine
CONCLUSION: THE END OF THE ERA OF GOOD FEELING
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CHAPTER 10 T HE T RIUMPH OF W HITE M EN’S D EMOCRACY , 1824–1840
Democratic Space: The New Hotels
DEMOCRACY IN THEORY AND PRACTICE
Democratic Culture
Democratic Political Institutions
Economic Issues
JACKSON AND THE POLITICS OF DEMOCRACY
Jackson Comes to Power
Indian Removal
The Nullification Crisis
THE BANK WAR AND THE SECOND-PARTY SYSTEM
The Bank Veto and the Election of 1832
Killing the Bank
The Emergence of the Whigs
HEYDAY OF THE SECOND-PARTY SYSTEM
CONCLUSION: TOCQUEVILLE’S WISDOM
Study Resources
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CHAPTER 11 S LAVES AND M ASTERS , 1793–1861
Nat Turner’s Rebellion: A Turning Point in the Slave South
THE WORLD OF SOUTHERN BLACKS
Slaves’ Daily Life and Labor
Slave Families, Kinship, and Community
Resistance and Rebellion
Free Blacks in the Old South
WHITE SOCIETY IN THE ANTEBELLUM SOUTH
The Planters’ World
Planters, Racism, and Paternalism
Small Slaveholders
Yeoman Farmers
A Closed Mind and a Closed Society
SLAVERY AND THE SOUTHERN ECONOMY
The Internal Slave Trade
The Rise of the Cotton Kingdom
CONCLUSION: WORLDS IN CONFLICT
Study Resources
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CHAPTER 12 T HE P URSUIT OF P ERFECTION , 1800–1861
Redeeming the Middle Class
THE RISE OF EVANGELICALISM
The Second Great Awakening
From Revivalism to Reform
DOMESTICITY AND CHANGES IN THE AMERICAN FAMILY
The Cult of Domesticity
The Discovery of Childhood
The Extension of Education
REFORM TURNS RADICAL
The Rise of Radical Abolitionism
Black Abolitionists
From Abolitionism to Women’s Rights
CONCLUSION: COUNTERPOINT ON REFORM
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CHAPTER 13 A N A GE OF E XPANSIONISM , 1830–1861
The Spirit of Young America
TEXAS, MANIFEST DESTINY, AND THE MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR
The Texas Revolution
The Republic of Texas
The Annexation of Texas
The Doctrine of Manifest Destiny
War with Mexico
Settlement of the Mexican-American War
INTERNAL EXPANSIONISM AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
The Triumph of the Railroad
The Industrial Revolution Takes Off
Mass Immigration Begins
The New Working Class
CONCLUSION: THE COSTS OF EXPANSION
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CHAPTER 14 T HE S ECTIONAL C RISIS , 1846–1861
Brooks Assaults Sumner in Congress
THE COMPROMISE OF 1850
The Problem of Slavery in the Mexican Cession
The Wilmot Proviso Launches the Free-Soil Movement
Forging a Compromise
POLITICAL UPHEAVAL, 1852–1856
The Party System in Crisis
The Kansas-Nebraska Act Raises a Storm
Kansas and the Rise of the Republicans
Sectional Division in the Election of 1856
THE HOUSE DIVIDED, 1857–1860
Cultural Sectionalism
The Dred Scott Case
Debating the Morality of Slavery
The Election of 1860
CONCLUSION: EXPLAINING THE CRISIS
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CHAPTER 15 S ECESSION AND THE C IVIL W AR , 1860–1865
The Emergence of Lincoln
THE STORM GATHERS
The Deep South Secedes
The Failure of Compromise
And the War Came
ADJUSTING TO TOTAL WAR
Mobilizing the Home Fronts
Political Leadership: Northern Success and Southern Failure
Early Campaigns and Battles
FIGHT TO THE FINISH
The Coming of Emancipation
African Americans and the War
The Tide Turns
Last Stages of the Conflict
EFFECTS OF THE WAR
CONCLUSION: AN ORGANIZATIONAL REVOLUTION
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CHAPTER 16 T HE A GONY OF R ECONSTRUCTION , 1863–1877
Robert Smalls and Black Politicians during Reconstruction
THE PRESIDENT VERSUS CONGRESS
Wartime Reconstruction
Andrew Johnson at the Helm
Congress Takes the Initiative
Congressional Reconstruction Plan Enacted
The Impeachment Crisis
RECONSTRUCTING SOUTHERN SOCIETY
Reorganizing Land and Labor
Black Codes: A New Name for Slavery?
Republican Rule in the South
Claiming Public and Private Rights
RETREAT FROM RECONSTRUCTION
Final Efforts of Reconstruction
A Reign of Terror Against Blacks
REUNION AND THE NEW SOUTH
The Compromise of 1877
“Redeeming” a New South
The Rise of Jim Crow
CONCLUSION: HENRY MCNEAL TURNER AND THE “UNFINISHED REVOLUTION”
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CHAPTER 17 T HE W EST : E XPLOITING A N E MPIRE , 1849–1902
Lean Bear’s Changing West
BEYOND THE FRONTIER
CRUSHING THE NATIVE AMERICANS
Life of the Plains Indians
Searching for an Indian Policy
Final Battles on the Plains
The End of Tribal Life
SETTLEMENT OF THE WEST
Men and Women on the Overland Trail
Land for the Taking
The Spanish-Speaking Southwest
THE BONANZA WEST
The Mining Bonanza
The Cattle Bonanza
The Farming Bonanza
Discontent on the Farm
The Final Fling
CONCLUSION: THE MEANING OF THE WEST
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CHAPTER 18 T HE I NDUSTRIAL S OCIETY , 1850–1901
A Machine Culture
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
AN EMPIRE ON RAILS
Advantages of the Railroad
Building the Empire
Linking the Nation via Trunk Lines
Rails Across the Continent
Problems of Growth
AN INDUSTRIAL EMPIRE
Carnegie and Steel
Rockefeller and Oil
The Business of Invention
THE SELLERS
THE WAGE EARNERS
Working Men, Working Women, Working Children
CULTURE OF WORK
Labor Unions
Labor Unrest
CONCLUSION: INDUSTRIALIZATION’S BENEFITS AND COSTS
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CHAPTER 19 T OWARD AN U RBAN S OCIETY , 1877–1900
The Overcrowded City
THE LURE OF THE CITY
Skyscrapers and Suburbs
Tenements and the Problems of Overcrowding
Strangers in a New Land
Immigrants and the City
Urban Political Machines
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CHANGE, 1877–1900
Manners and Mores
Leisure and Entertainment
Changes in Family Life
Changing Views: A Growing Assertiveness Among Women
Educating the Masses
Higher Education
THE SPREAD OF JIM CROW
THE STIRRINGS OF REFORM
Progress and Poverty
New Currents in Social Thought
The Settlement Houses
A Crisis in Social Welfare
CONCLUSION: THE PLURALISTIC SOCIETY
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CHAPTER 20 P OLITICAL R EALIGNMENTS , 1876–1901
Hardship and Heartache
POLITICS OF STALEMATE
The Party Deadlock
Reestablishing Presidential Power
REPUBLICANS IN POWER: THE BILLION-DOLLAR CONGRESS
Tariffs, Trusts, and Silver
The 1890 Elections
THE RISE OF THE POPULIST MOVEMENT
The Farm Problem
The Fast-Growing Farmers’ Alliance
The People’s Party
THE CRISIS OF THE DEPRESSION
The Panic of 1893
The Pullman Strike
A Beleaguered President
Breaking the Party Deadlock
CHANGING ATTITUDES
Women and Children in the Labor Force
Changing Themes in Literature
THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1896
The Mystique of Silver
The Republicans and Gold
The Democrats and Silver
Campaign and Election
THE MCKINLEY ADMINISTRATION
CONCLUSION: A DECADE’S DRAMATIC CHANGES
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CHAPTER 21 T OWARD E MPIRE , 1865–1902
Roosevelt and the Rough Riders
AMERICA LOOKS OUTWARD
Catching the Spirit of Empire
Reasons for Expansion
Foreign Policy Approaches, 1867–1900
The Lure of Hawaii
The New Navy
WAR WITH SPAIN
A War for Principle
The Spanish-American War
African American Soldiers in the War
The Course of the War
ACQUISITION OF EMPIRE
The Treaty of Paris Debate
Guerrilla Warfare in the Philippines
The Open Door
CONCLUSION: OUTCOME OF THE WAR WITH SPAIN
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CHAPTER 22 T HE P ROGRESSIVE E RA , 1895–1917
Muckrakers Call for Reform
THE CHANGING FACE OF INDUSTRIALISM
The Innovative Model T
The Burgeoning Trusts
Managing the Machines
SOCIETY’S MASSES
Better Times on the Farm
Women and Children at Work
The Niagara Movement and the NAACP
Immigrants in the Labor Force
CONFLICT IN THE WORKPLACE
Organizing Labor
A NEW URBAN CULTURE
Production and Consumption
Living and Dying in an Urban Nation
Popular Pastimes
Experimentation in the Arts
CONCLUSION: A FERMENT OF DISCOVERY AND REFORM
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CHAPTER 23 F ROM R OOSEVELT TO W ILSON IN THE A GE OF P ROGRESSIVISM , 1900–1920
The Republicans Split
THE SPIRIT OF PROGRESSIVISM
The Rise of the Professions
The Social-Justice Movement
The Purity Crusade
Woman Suffrage, Women’s Rights
A Ferment of Ideas: Challenging the Status Quo
REFORM IN THE CITIES AND STATES
Interest Groups and the Decline of Popular Politics
Reform in the Cities
Action in the States
THE REPUBLICAN ROOSEVELT
Busting the Trusts
“Square Deal” in the Coalfields
ROOSEVELT PROGRESSIVISM AT ITS HEIGHT
Regulating the Railroads
Cleaning Up Food and Drugs
Conserving the Land
THE ORDEAL OF WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT
Party Insurgency
The Ballinger–Pinchot Affair
Taft Alienates the Progressives
Differing Philosophies in the Election of 1912
WOODROW WILSON’S NEW FREEDOM
The New Freedom in Action
Wilson Moves Toward the New Nationalism
CONCLUSION: THE FRUITS OF PROGRESSIVISM
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CHAPTER 24 T HE N ATION AT W AR , 1901–1920
The Sinking of the Lusitania
A NEW WORLD POWER
Building the Panama Canal
Ventures in the Far East
Taft and Dollar Diplomacy
FOREIGN POLICY UNDER WILSON
Troubles Across the Border
TOWARD WAR
The Neutrality Policy
Freedom of the Seas
The U-Boat Threat
The Election of 1916
The Final Months of Peace
OVER THERE
Mobilization
War in the Trenches
OVER HERE
The Conquest of Convictions
A Bureaucratic War
Labor in the War
THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
A Peace at Paris
Rejection in the Senate
CONCLUSION: POSTWAR DISILLUSIONMENT
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CHAPTER 25 T RANSITION TO M ODERN A MERICA , 1919–1928
Wheels for the Millions
THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
The Automobile Industry
Patterns of Economic Growth
CITY LIFE IN THE ROARING TWENTIES
Women and the Family
Popular Culture in the Jazz Age
THE CONSERVATIVE COUNTERATTACK
The Fear of Radicalism
Prohibition
The Ku Klux Klan
Immigration Restriction
The Fundamentalist Challenge
REPUBLICAN POLITICS
Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover
A New Kind of Conservatism
The Election of 1928
CONCLUSION: THE OLD AND THE NEW
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CHAPTER 26 F RANKLIN D. R OOSEVELT AND THE N EW D EAL , 1929–1939
The Struggle Against Despair
THE GREAT DEPRESSION
The Great Crash
The Effect of the Depression
FIGHTING THE DEPRESSION
The Emergence of Roosevelt
The Hundred Days
Steps Toward Recovery
REFORMING AMERICAN LIFE
Challenges to FDR
Social Security
THE IMPACT OF THE NEW DEAL
The Rise of Organized Labor
The New Deal Record on Help to Minorities
THE NEW DEAL’S END
The Supreme Court Fight
The New Deal in Decline
CONCLUSION: THE NEW DEAL AND AMERICAN LIFE
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CHAPTER 27 A MERICA AND THE W ORLD , 1921–1945
A Pact Without Power
ISOLATIONISM
The Lure of Pacifism and Neutrality
War in Europe
THE ROAD TO WAR
From Neutrality to Undeclared War
Showdown in the Pacific
TURNING THE TIDE AGAINST THE AXIS
Wartime Partnerships
Halting the German Blitz
Checking Japan in the Pacific
THE HOME FRONT
The Arsenal of Democracy
A Nation on the Move
VICTORY
War Aims and Wartime Diplomacy
Triumph and Destruction in the Pacific
CONCLUSION: THE TRANSFORMING POWER OF WAR
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CHAPTER 28 T HE O NSET OF THE C OLD W AR , 1945–1960
The Potsdam Summit
THE COLD WAR BEGINS
The Division of Europe
The Atomic Dilemma
CONTAINMENT
The Truman Doctrine
The Marshall Plan
The Western Military Alliance
The Berlin Blockade
THE COLD WAR EXPANDS
The Military Dimension
The Cold War in Asia
The Korean War
THE COLD WAR AT HOME
Truman’s Troubles
Truman Vindicated
The Loyalty Issue
McCarthyism in Action
The Republicans in Power
CONCLUSION: THE CONTINUING COLD WAR
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CHAPTER 29 A FFLUENCE AND A NXIETY , 1945–1960
Levittown: The Flight to the Suburbs
THE POSTWAR BOOM
Postwar Prosperity
Life in the Suburbs
THE GOOD LIFE?
Areas of Greatest Growth
Critics of the Consumer Society
THE STRUGGLE OVER CIVIL RIGHTS
Civil Rights as a Political Issue
Desegregating the Schools
The Beginnings of Black Activism
CONCLUSION: RESTORING NATIONAL CONFIDENCE
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CHAPTER 30 T HE T URBULENT S IXTIES , 1960–1968
Kennedy Versus Nixon: The First Televised Presidential Candidate Debate
KENNEDY INTENSIFIES THE COLD WAR
Containment in Southeast Asia
Containing Castro: The Bay of Pigs Fiasco
Containing Castro: The Cuban Missile Crisis
THE NEW FRONTIER AT HOME
Moving Slowly on Civil Rights
“I Have a Dream”
LBJ’S GREAT SOCIETY
Johnson in Action
The Election of 1964
The Triumph of Reform
JOHNSON ESCALATES THE VIETNAM WAR
The Vietnam Dilemma
Escalation
Stalemate
YEARS OF TURMOIL
Protesting the Vietnam War
The Cultural Revolution
“Black Power”
Ethnic Nationalism
Women’s Liberation
THE RETURN OF RICHARD NIXON
Vietnam Undermines Lyndon Johnson
The Republican Resurgence
CONCLUSION: THE END OF AN ERA
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CHAPTER 31 TO A N EW C ONSERVATISM , 1969–1988
Reagan and America’s Shift to the Right
THE TEMPTING OF RICHARD NIXON
Détente
Ending the Vietnam War
The Watergate Scandal
OIL AND INFLATION
War and Oil
The Great Inflation
PRIVATE LIVES, PUBLIC ISSUES
The Changing American Family
Gains and Setbacks for Women
The Gay Liberation Movement
POLITICS AND DIPLOMACY AFTER WATERGATE
The Ford Administration
Carter and American Malaise
Troubles Abroad
THE REAGAN REVOLUTION
The Election of 1980
Cutting Taxes and Spending
REAGAN AND THE WORLD
Challenging the “Evil Empire”
Confrontation in Central America
Trading Arms for Hostages
Reagan the Peacemaker
CONCLUSION: CHALLENGING THE NEW DEAL
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CHAPTER 32 I NTO THE T WENTY -F IRST C ENTURY , 1989–2010
“This Will Not Stand”: Foreign Policy in the Post–Cold War Era
THE FIRST PRESIDENT BUSH
Republicans at Home
Ending the Cold War
The Gulf War
THE CHANGING FACES OF AMERICA
A People on the Move
The Revival of Immigration
Emerging Hispanics
Advance and Retreat for African Americans
Americans from Asia and the Middle East
THE NEW DEMOCRATS
Clinton and Congress
Scandal in the White House
REPUBLICANS RESURGENT
The Disputed Election of 2000
George W. Bush at Home
The War on Terrorism
Widening the Battlefield
Bush Reelected
BARACK OBAMA’S TRIUMPH AND TRIALS
The Great Recession
New Challenges and Old
Doubting the Future
CONCLUSION: THE END OF THE AMERICAN FUTURE—OR NOT?
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Appendix
The Declaration of Independence
The Articles of Confederation
The Constitution of the United States of America
Amendments to the Constitution
Presidential Elections
Presidents and Vice Presidents
Glossary
Credits
Index
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