C# 4.0 Pocket Reference · 3rd Edition by Albahari, Joseph -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

C# 4.0 Pocket Reference

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Using Code Examples How to Contact Us Safari® Books Online A First C# Program

Compilation

Syntax

Identifiers and Keywords

Avoiding conflicts Contextual keywords

Literals, Punctuators, and Operators Comments

Type Basics

Predefined Type Examples Custom Type Examples

Members of a type Symmetry of predefined types and custom types Constructors and instantiation Instance versus static members The public keyword

Conversions Value Types Versus Reference Types

Value types Reference types Null

Predefined Type Taxonomy

Numeric Types

Numeric Literals

Numeric literal type inference Numeric suffixes

Numeric Conversions

Integral to integral conversions Real to real conversions Real to integral conversions

Arithmetic Operators Increment and Decrement Operators Specialized Integral Operations

Integral division Integral overflow The checked and unchecked operators Bitwise operators

8- and 16-Bit Integrals Special Float and Double Values double Versus decimal Real Number Rounding Errors

Boolean Type and Operators

Equality and Comparison Operators Conditional Operators

Strings and Characters

String Type

String concatenation String comparisons Searching within strings Manipulating strings

Arrays

Default Element Initialization Multidimensional Arrays

Rectangular arrays Jagged arrays

Simplified Array Initialization Expressions

Variables and Parameters

The Stack and the Heap

Stack Heap

Definite Assignment Default Values Parameters

Passing arguments by value The ref modifier The out modifier The params modifier Optional parameters (C# 4.0) Named arguments (C# 4.0)

var—Implicitly Typed Local Variables

Expressions and Operators

Assignment Expressions Operator Precedence and Associativity

Precedence Left-associative operators Right-associative operators

Operator Table

Statements

Declaration Statements

Local variable scope

Expression Statements Selection Statements

The if statement The else clause Changing the flow of execution with braces The switch statement

Iteration Statements

while and do-while loops for loops foreach loops

Jump Statements

The break statement The continue statement The goto statement The return statement

Namespaces

The using Directive Rules Within a Namespace

Name scoping Name hiding Repeated namespaces The global:: qualifier

Aliasing Types and Namespaces

Classes

Fields Methods

Overloading methods

Instance Constructors

Implicit parameterless constructors Nonpublic constructors

Object Initializers The this Reference Properties

Automatic properties get and set accessibility

Indexers

Implementing an indexer

Constants Static Constructors Static Classes Finalizers Partial Types and Methods

Partial methods

Inheritance

Polymorphism Casting and Reference Conversions

Upcasting Downcasting The as operator The is operator

Virtual Function Members Abstract Classes and Abstract Members Hiding Inherited Members Sealing Functions and Classes The base Keyword Constructors and Inheritance

Constructor and field initialization order

Overloading and Resolution

The object Type

Boxing and Unboxing Static and Runtime Type Checking The GetType Method and typeof Operator Object Member Listing Equals, ReferenceEquals, and GetHashCode The ToString Method

Structs

Struct Construction Semantics

Access Modifiers

Friend Assemblies Accessibility Capping

Interfaces

Extending an Interface Explicit Interface Implementation Implementing Interface Members Virtually Reimplementing an Interface in a Subclass

Enums

Enum Conversions Flags Enums Enum Operators

Nested Types Generics

Generic Types Generic Methods Declaring Type Parameters typeof and Unbound Generic Types The default Generic Value Generic Constraints Subclassing Generic Types Self-Referencing Generic Declarations Static Data Covariance (C# 4.0) Contravariance (C# 4.0)

Delegates

Writing Plug-in Methods with Delegates Multicast Delegates Instance Versus Static Method Targets Generic Delegate Types The Func and Action Delegates Delegate Compatibility

Return type variance Parameter variance Type parameter variance for generic delegates (C# 4.0)

Events

Standard Event Pattern Event Accessors

Lambda Expressions

Capturing Outer Variables

Capturing iteration variables

Anonymous Methods try Statements and Exceptions

The catch Clause The finally Block

The using statement

Throwing Exceptions

Rethrowing an exception

Key Properties of System.Exception Common Exception Types

Enumeration and Iterators

Enumeration Collection Initializers Iterators Iterator Semantics

Multiple yield statements yield break

Composing Sequences

Nullable Types

Nullable Basics

Nullable<T> struct Implicit and explicit nullable conversions Boxing and unboxing nullable values

Operator Lifting

Equality operators (== and !=) Relational operators (<, <=, >=, >) All other operators (+, −, *, /, %, &, |, ^, <<, >>, +, ++, --, !, ~) Mixing nullable and nonnullable operators

bool? with & and | Operators Null Coalescing Operator

Operator Overloading

Operator Functions Overloading Equality and Comparison Operators Custom Implicit and Explicit Conversions

Extension Methods

Extension Method Chaining Ambiguity and Resolution

Namespaces Extension methods versus instance methods Extension methods versus extension methods

Anonymous Types LINQ

LINQ Fundamentals

A simple query Projecting Take and Skip Element operators Aggregation operators Quantifiers Set operators

Deferred Execution Standard Query Operators Chaining Query Operators Query Expressions

Query expressions versus fluent queries

The let Keyword Query Continuations Multiple Generators Joining

GroupJoin

Ordering Grouping OfType and Cast

Dynamic Binding (C# 4.0)

Static Binding Versus Dynamic Binding Custom Binding Language Binding RuntimeBinderException Runtime Representation of dynamic Dynamic Conversions var Versus dynamic Dynamic Expressions Dynamic Member Overload Resolution Uncallable Functions

Attributes

Attribute Classes Named and Positional Attribute Parameters Attribute Targets Specifying Multiple Attributes Writing Custom Attributes Retrieving Attributes at Runtime

Unsafe Code and Pointers

Pointer Basics Unsafe Code The fixed Statement The Pointer-to-Member Operator Arrays

The stackalloc keyword Fixed-size buffers

void* Pointers to Unmanaged Code

Preprocessor Directives

Pragma Warning

XML Documentation

Standard XML Documentation Tags

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