Homeless, Friendless, and Penniless by Baker, Ronald L. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

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Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents Illustrations Acknowledgments Part One: A Folk History of Slavery

Background of the WPA Interviews Presentation of Materials Living and Working on the Plantation The Treatment of Slaves Escaping from Slavery Education Religion Folklore Recollections of the Civil War Living and Working after the Civil War Value of the WPA Interviews

Part Two: The WPA Interviews with Former Slaves

1. I’ll Eat You Up Like a Dog 2. The Life of a Roustabout Is the Life of a Dog 3. I Have No Way of Knowing Exactly How Old I Am 4. Slaves Were Not Taught the Three Rs 5. That Was the Way He Went When He Was Trying to Get Away 6. That’s How Some Escaped to Canada 7. Runaway Slaves Would Kill the Dogs Chasing Them and Never Be Caught 8. Many Blacks with Only Their Clothing Crossed the River 9. Religion Is Worth the Greatest Fortune 10. They Were Whipped Often and Hard 11. Free? Is Anybody Ever Free? 12. A Much Easier Time Before She Was Free 13. Our Lives, Though Happy, Have Been Continuously Ones of Hard Work 14. If Anyone Said Anything against the Negroes, There Was a Fuss 15. Living in the Big House 16. Arrested in Indiana, Jailed in Louisville 17. When Lincoln Freed Us, We Rejoiced 18. Women Had to Split Rails All Day Long Just Like the Men 19. He Had a Great Desire to Go Up North and See the Country 20. Yes, the Road Has Been Long 21. Yes, I Know a Lot about Boats 22. A Mean Old Devil 23. I Wish the Whole World Would Be Decent 24. Her Owner Was a Mean Man 25. And Did We Eat! 26. Educated Slaves Forged Passes and Escaped to Northern States 27. Slaves Always Prayed to God for Freedom 28. The Village Witch 29. Misery Days 30. I Got Religion 31. Almost Sold down the River 32. Auctioned Off More Times Than He Had Fingers and Toes 33. A Slaveholder Kept Many Black Women in His House 34. Ignorance of the Bible Caused All the Trouble 35. One of the Saddest Events That Could Happen to a Mother 36. Some of the Folks Was Mean to Me 37. They Poured Out Their Religious Feelings in Their Spirituals 38. Most the Time We’s Hungry, but We Win The War 39. Twelve Children Were Taken from My Mother in One Day 40. Indian Slaves 41. The First Black in Lake County 42. I Have Sang Myself to Death 43. Slaves Were Treated as Well as Could Be Expected 44. He Liked Indianapolis So Well That He Decided to Stay 45. We Used to Have Some Fine Times 46. Escaping from Ku Kluxers 47. If Anyone Got Paid for Her Family’s History, She Wanted the Money 48. Discipline Was Quite Stern 49. Buried Treasure on the Old Stephen Lee Place 50. Valued at $1,200, He Was Permitted to Buy His Freedom 52. Her Master Was Also Her Father, so She Was Always Well Treated 51. Many Times She Had Nothing to Eat 53. All He Was Given Was a Three-Legged Horse to Start Life Anew 54. Northerners Would Not Trust Them 55. I Believe a Little in Dreams 56. A Very Kind Old Man 57. They Came to Indiana Homeless, Friendless, and Penniless 58. Punishment Sent Direct from God 59. Ironing White Folks’ Collars and Cuffs 60. Pins Were Stuck through Their Tongues 61. They Wanted Most for Their Children to Learn to Read and Write 62. That’s a Whipping House for the Likes of You 63. Yes, Honey, I Was a Slave 64. Ira’s Family Was Mistreated by White People 65. A Very Cruel Way to Treat Human Beings 66. I Came to the World a Year Too Late to Be Born a Slave 67. A Mature Man-Slave of Good Physique Was Worth as High as $3,000 68. Bell’s Parents Lived Together but Worked on Different Plantations 69. God Washed Out Her Insides with Milk, Which Killed All Her Sins 70. I’ve Seen and Done a Lot of Things That Most Folks Have Missed 71. There Was No Such Thing as Being Good to Slaves 72. Salt and Pepper Put in Raw Wounds 73. An Intelligent Old Lady 74. Her Mother Had to Work Very Hard, Just Like a Man 75. A Possible Prototype for Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom 76. Slaves Were Held in Kentucky after the Civil War 77. Considered Rich, for They Could Eat Meat without Stealing It 78. His Early Life Was a Nightmare 79. Ben Was a Hoss 80. At the Wedding Both Bride and Groom Jumped over a Broom Handle 81. Slaves Seldom Married among Themselves on the Same Plantation 82. She Believed Firmly in Haunts 83. I Don’t Really Believe in Ghosts, but You Know How It Is 84. Sometimes They Had Nothing but Garbage to Eat 85. You Are Just as Free as I or Anyone Else in This United States 86. Speak Those Greasy Words Again, Brother 87. It Is Tiresome, but I Am Patiently Waiting the Call 88. Just Like the Ground Had Swallowed Him Up 89. Slaveholders Showed a Different Face to Union Troops 91. Some Overseers Liked to See Blood and Whipped for Nothin’ at All 90. She Became a Firm Believer in Communication with Departed Ones 92. Dogs Couldn’t Trail Runaway Slaves on a Stream Bed 93. The Slave Children Were Treated as Well as the White Children 94. Her Father’s Farm Was Burned Out by the Ku Klux Klan 95. Gift Slaves 96. Jim Scott Beat Her Husband for Praying 97. Rube Black Beat His Slaves Severely for the Least Offense 98. Slaves Couldn’t Even Mix with Poor Whites 99. Treated So Cruelly That It Would Make Your Hair Stand on Ends 100. The Hant Began Coming to Our Cabin 101. The Cries and Prayers of the Whipped Slaves Were Ignored 102. I Hadn’t Only Seen President Lincoln but Had Sat on His Knee 103. Forced to Eat Chicken Heads, Fish Heads, Pig Tails, and Parsnips 104. Blacks Who Worked on the Donnell Farm Were Treated Kindly 105. ’Course I Can See Spirits 106. They Moved at Least Two Hundred Slaves over the Mason-Dixon Line 107. He Regretted Very Much That He Had Been Denied an Education 108. There Must Be Someone Left to Tell about Old Times 109. A Cause That Had Both God and President Lincoln on Its Side 110. I Like to Talk and Meet People 111. There Was Lots of Colored Folks Crossed the River at This Point 112. They Were Sorry to Leave Their Owners and Shift for Themselves 113. The Presence of White People Still Seemed to Annoy Her 114. They Said the Civil War Would Be Only a “Breakfast Spell” 115. Eat Plain Foods, Take Reasonable Exercise, Refrain from Worry, and Read the Bible 116. Sixteen Years of Hell as a Slave on a Plantation 117. They Had to Have Freedom Papers Before They Could Settle in Indiana 118. One Night in a Dream Her Mother Received Directions for Escaping 119. Yes, Ma’am, I Believe in Evil Spirits 120. These Are Scenes of My Childhood That I Can Never Forget 121. It Was Not Unusual for Boys and Girls to Dress Alike 122. Pioneer Industries and Amusements in Clark County 123. I Have No Education; I Can Neither Read nor Write 124. His Mother’s Master Was Very Cruel to Her 125. His Mother Died from a Miscarriage Caused by a Whipping 126. They Were Taught to Read, Write, and Figure 127. Samuel Was Sent to the Poor House 128. Plans for the Escapes Were Hatched in a Black Masonic Lodge 129. Preaching and Shouting Sometimes Lasted All Day Sunday 130. They Often Took Babies from Their Mothers and Sold Them 131. Oľ Boss Was Ordinarily Good to Us 132. The Entire War Was a Mistake 133. I Don’t Believe in Ghosts, but I Do in Spirits 134. He Doesn’t Dare Touch You; You’re a Free Man

Appendixes

Appendix I. Informants Appendix II. Slave States of Informants Appendix III. Indiana Towns of Residence of Informants Appendix IV. Indiana Counties of Residence of Informants Appendix V. Unaltered Versions of Previously Unpublished Indiana Interviews with Former Slaves Appendix VI. Thematic Index

Living and Working on the Plantation The Treatment of Slaves Escaping from Slavery Education Religion Folklore Recollections of the Civil War Living and Working after the Civil War

Works Consulted Index

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