Programming PHP by Kevin Tatroe, Peter MacIntyre -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Programming PHP Dedication Foreword Preface

Audience Assumptions This Book Makes Contents of This Book Conventions Used in This Book Using Code Examples Safari® Books Online How to Contact Us Acknowledgments

Kevin Tatroe Peter MacIntyre

1. Introduction to PHP

What Does PHP Do? A Brief History of PHP

The Evolution of PHP The Widespread Use of PHP

Installing PHP A Walk Through PHP

Configuration Page Forms Databases Graphics

2. Language Basics

Lexical Structure

Case Sensitivity Statements and Semicolons Whitespace and Line Breaks Comments

Shell-style comments C++ comments C comments

Literals Identifiers

Variable names Function names Class names Constants

Keywords

Data Types

Integers Floating-Point Numbers Strings Booleans Arrays Objects Resources Callbacks NULL

Variables

Variable Variables Variable References Variable Scope

Local scope Global scope Static variables Function parameters

Garbage Collection

Expressions and Operators

Number of Operands Operator Precedence Operator Associativity Implicit Casting Arithmetic Operators String Concatenation Operator Auto-increment and Auto-decrement Operators Comparison Operators Bitwise Operators Logical Operators Casting Operators Assignment Operators

Assignment Assignment with operation

Miscellaneous Operators

Flow-Control Statements

if switch while for foreach try...catch declare exit and return goto

Including Code Embedding PHP in Web Pages

Standard (XML) Style SGML Style ASP Style Script Style Echoing Content Directly

3. Functions

Calling a Function Defining a Function Variable Scope

Global Variables Static Variables

Function Parameters

Passing Parameters by Value Passing Parameters by Reference Default Parameters Variable Parameters Missing Parameters Type Hinting

Return Values Variable Functions Anonymous Functions

4. Strings

Quoting String Constants

Variable Interpolation Single-Quoted Strings Double-Quoted Strings Here Documents

Printing Strings

echo print() printf()

Format modifiers Type specifiers

print_r() and var_dump()

Accessing Individual Characters Cleaning Strings

Removing Whitespace Changing Case

Encoding and Escaping

HTML

Entity-quoting all special characters Entity-quoting only HTML syntax characters Removing HTML tags Extracting meta tags

URLs

RFC 3986 encoding and decoding Query-string encoding

SQL C-String Encoding

Comparing Strings

Exact Comparisons Approximate Equality

Manipulating and Searching Strings

Substrings Miscellaneous String Functions Decomposing a String

Exploding and imploding Tokenizing sscanf()

String-Searching Functions

Searches returning position Searches returning rest of string Searches using masks Decomposing URLs

Regular Expressions

The Basics Character Classes Alternatives Repeating Sequences Subpatterns Delimiters Match Behavior Character Classes Anchors Quantifiers and Greed Noncapturing Groups Backreferences Trailing Options Inline Options Lookahead and Lookbehind Cut Conditional Expressions Functions

Matching Replacing Splitting Filtering an array with a regular expression Quoting for regular expressions

Differences from Perl Regular Expressions

5. Arrays

Indexed Versus Associative Arrays Identifying Elements of an Array Storing Data in Arrays

Adding Values to the End of an Array Assigning a Range of Values Getting the Size of an Array Padding an Array

Multidimensional Arrays Extracting Multiple Values

Slicing an Array Splitting an Array into Chunks Keys and Values Checking Whether an Element Exists Removing and Inserting Elements in an Array

Converting Between Arrays and Variables

Creating Variables from an Array Creating an Array from Variables

Traversing Arrays

The foreach Construct The Iterator Functions Using a for Loop Calling a Function for Each Array Element Reducing an Array Searching for Values

Sorting

Sorting One Array at a Time Natural-Order Sorting Sorting Multiple Arrays at Once Reversing Arrays Randomizing Order

Acting on Entire Arrays

Calculating the Sum of an Array Merging Two Arrays Calculating the Difference Between Two Arrays Filtering Elements from an Array

Using Arrays

Sets Stacks

Iterator Interface

6. Objects

Terminology Creating an Object Accessing Properties and Methods Declaring a Class

Declaring Methods Declaring Properties Declaring Constants Inheritance Interfaces Traits Abstract Methods Constructors Destructors

Introspection

Examining Classes Examining an Object Sample Introspection Program

Serialization

7. Web Techniques

HTTP Basics Variables Server Information Processing Forms

Methods Parameters Self-Processing Pages Sticky Forms Multivalued Parameters Sticky Multivalued Parameters File Uploads Form Validation

Setting Response Headers

Different Content Types Redirections Expiration Authentication

Maintaining State

Cookies Sessions

Session basics Alternatives to cookies Custom storage

Combining Cookies and Sessions

SSL

8. Databases

Using PHP to Access a Database Relational Databases and SQL

PHP Data Objects

Making a connection Interaction with the database PDO and prepared statements Transactions

MySQLi Object Interface

Retrieving Data for Display

SQLite Direct File-Level Manipulation MongoDB

Retrieving Data Inserting More Complex Data

9. Graphics

Embedding an Image in a Page Basic Graphics Concepts Creating and Drawing Images

The Structure of a Graphics Program Changing the Output Format Testing for Supported Image Formats Reading an Existing File Basic Drawing Functions

Images with Text

Fonts TrueType Fonts

Dynamically Generated Buttons

Caching the Dynamically Generated Buttons A Faster Cache

Scaling Images Color Handling

Using the Alpha Channel Identifying Colors True Color Indexes Text Representation of an Image

10. PDF

PDF Extensions Documents and Pages

A Simple Example Initializing the Document Outputting Basic Text Cells

Text

Coordinates Text Attributes Page Headers, Footers, and Class Extension Images and Links Tables and Data

11. XML

Lightning Guide to XML Generating XML Parsing XML

Element Handlers Character Data Handler Processing Instructions Entity Handlers

External entities Unparsed entities

Default Handler Options

Character encoding Case folding

Using the Parser Errors Methods as Handlers Sample Parsing Application

Parsing XML with DOM Parsing XML with SimpleXML Transforming XML with XSLT

12. Security

Filter Input Cross-Site Scripting

SQL Injection

Escape Output

Filenames

Check for relative paths

Session Fixation File Uploads

Distrust Browser-Supplied Filenames Beware of Filling Your Filesystem Surviving register_globals

File Access

Restrict Filesystem Access to a Specific Directory Get It Right the First Time Don’t Use Files Session Files Concealing PHP Libraries

PHP Code Shell Commands More Information Security Recap

13. Application Techniques

Code Libraries Templating Systems Handling Output

Output Buffering Compressing Output

Error Handling

Error Reporting Error Suppression Triggering Errors Defining Error Handlers

Logging in error handlers Output buffering in error handlers

Performance Tuning

Benchmarking Profiling Optimizing Execution Time Optimizing Memory Requirements Reverse Proxies and Replication

Reverse-proxy cache Load balancing and redirection MySQL replication Putting it all together

14. PHP on Disparate Platforms

Writing Portable Code for Windows and Unix

Determining the Platform Handling Paths Across Platforms The Server Environment Sending Mail End-of-Line Handling End-of-File Handling External Commands Common Platform-Specific Extensions

Interfacing with COM

Background PHP Functions Determining the API

15. Web Services

REST Clients

Responses Retrieving Resources Updating Resources Creating Resources Deleting Resources

XML-RPC

Servers Clients

16. Debugging PHP

The Development Environment The Staging Environment The Production Environment php.ini Settings Manual Debugging Error Log IDE Debugging Additional Debugging Techniques

17. Dates and Times A. Function Reference

PHP Functions by Category

Arrays Classes and Objects Date and Time Directories Errors and Logging Program Execution Filesystem Data Filtering Functions PHP Options/Info Mail Math Miscellaneous Functions Network Output Buffering Session Handling Streams Strings PHP Language Tokenizer URLs Variables

Alphabetical Listing of PHP Functions

abs acos acosh addcslashes addslashes array_change_key_case array_chunk array_combine array_count_values array_diff array_diff_assoc array_diff_key array_diff_uassoc array_diff_ukey array_fill array_fill_keys array_filter array_flip array_intersect array_intersect_assoc array_intersect_key array_intersect_uassoc array_intersect_ukey array_key_exists array_keys array_map array_merge array_merge_recursive array_multisort array_pad array_pop array_product array_push array_rand array_reduce array_replace array_replace_recursive array_reverse array_search array_shift array_slice array_splice array_sum array_udiff array_udiff_assoc array_udiff_uassoc array_uintersect array_uintersect_assoc array_uintersect_uassoc array_unique array_unshift array_values array_walk array_walk_recursive arsort asin asinh asort assert assert_options atan atan2 atanh base_convert base64_decode base64_encode basename bin2hex bindec call_user_func call_user_func_array ceil chdir checkdate checkdnsrr chgrp chmod chown chr chroot chunk_split class_alias class_exists class_implements class_parents clearstatcache closedir closelog compact connection_aborted connection_status constant convert_cyr_string convert_uudecode convert_uuencode copy cos cosh count count_chars crc32 create_function crypt current date date_default_timezone_set date_default_timezone_get date_parse date_parse_from_format date_sun_info date_sunrise date_sunset debug_backtrace debug_print_backtrace decbin dechex decoct define define_syslog_variables defined deg2rad dir dirname disk_free_space disk_total_space each echo empty end error_get_last error_log error_reporting escapeshellarg escapeshellcmd exec exp explode expm1 extension_loaded extract fclose feof fflush fgetc fgetcsv fgets fgetss file file_exists fileatime filectime file_get_contents filegroup fileinode filemtime fileowner fileperms file_put_contents filesize filetype filter_has_var filter_id filter_input filter_input_array filter_list filter_var filter_var_array floatval flock floor flush fmod fnmatch fopen forward_static_call forward_static_call_array fpassthru fprintf fputcsv fread fscanf fseek fsockopen fstat ftell ftruncate func_get_arg func_get_args func_num_args function_exists fwrite gc_collect_cycles gc_disable gc_enable gc_enabled get_browser get_called_class get_cfg_var get_class get_class_methods get_class_vars get_current_user get_declared_classes get_declared_interfaces get_declared_traits get_defined_constants get_defined_functions get_defined_vars get_extension_funcs get_headers get_html_translation_table get_included_files get_include_path get_loaded_extensions get_meta_tags getmygid getmyuid get_object_vars get_parent_class get_resource_type getcwd getdate getenv gethostbyaddr gethostbyname gethostbynamel gethostname getlastmod getmxrr getmyinode getmypid getopt getprotobyname getprotobynumber getrandmax getrusage getservbyname getservbyport gettimeofday gettype glob gmdate gmmktime gmstrftime header header_remove headers_list headers_sent hebrev hebrevc hex2bin hexdec highlight_file highlight_string htmlentities html_entity_decode htmlspecialchars htmlspecialchars_decode http_build_query hypot idate ignore_user_abort implode inet_ntop inet_pton in_array ini_get ini_get_all ini_restore ini_set interface_exists intval ip2long is_a is_array is_bool is_callable is_dir is_executable is_file is_finite is_float is_infinite is_int is_link is_nan is_null is_numeric is_object is_readable is_resource is_scalar is_string is_subclass_of is_uploaded_file is_writable isset key krsort ksort lcfirst lcg_value lchgrp lchown levenshtein link linkinfo list localeconv localtime log log10 log1p long2ip lstat ltrim mail max md5 md5_file memory_get_peak_usage memory_get_usage metaphone method_exists microtime min mkdir mktime money_format move_uploaded_file mt_getrandmax mt_rand mt_srand natcasesort natsort next nl_langinfo nl2br number_format ob_clean ob_end_clean ob_end_flush ob_flush ob_get_clean ob_get_contents ob_get_flush ob_get_length ob_get_level ob_get_status ob_gzhandler ob_implicit_flush ob_list_handlers ob_start octdec opendir openlog ord output_add_rewrite_var output_reset_rewrite_vars pack parse_ini_file parse_ini_string parse_str parse_url passthru pathinfo pclose pfsockopen php_ini_loaded_file php_ini_scanned_files php_logo_guid php_sapi_name php_strip_whitespace php_uname phpcredits phpinfo phpversion pi popen pow prev print_r printf proc_close proc_get_status proc_nice proc_open proc_terminate property_exists putenv quoted_printable_decode quoted_printable_encode quotemeta rad2deg rand range rawurldecode rawurlencode readdir readfile readlink realpath realpath_cache_get realpath_cache_size register_shutdown_function register_tick_function rename reset restore_error_handler restore_exception_handler restore_include_path rewind rewinddir rmdir round rsort rtrim scandir serialize set_error_handler set_exception_handler set_include_path set_time_limit setcookie setlocale setrawcookie settype sha1 sha1_file shell_exec shuffle similar_text sin sinh sleep sort soundex sprintf sqrt srand sscanf stat str_getcsv str_ireplace str_pad str_repeat str_replace str_rot13 str_shuffle str_split str_word_count strcasecmp strcmp strcoll strcspn strftime stripcslashes stripslashes strip_tags stripos stristr strlen strnatcasecmp strnatcmp strncasecmp strncmp strpbrk strpos strptime strrchr strrev strripos strrpos strspn strstr strtok strtolower strtotime strtoupper strtr strval substr substr_compare substr_count substr_replace symlink syslog system sys_getloadavg sys_get_temp_dir tan tanh tempnam time time_nanosleep time_sleep_until timezone_name_from_abbr timezone_version_get tmpfile token_get_all token_name touch trait_exists trigger_error trim uasort ucfirst ucwords uksort umask uniqid unlink unpack unregister_tick_function unserialize unset urldecode urlencode usleep usort var_dump var_export version_compare vfprintf vprintf vsprintf wordwrap zend_logo_guid zend_thread_id zend_version

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