Dictionary of Paul and His Letters by Hawthorne, Gerald F. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title page Copyright Project page Contents Preface How to Use This Dictionary Abbreviations Transliteration List of Contributors A

Abba 1. Abraham in the OT and Jewish Literature. 2. Abraham in Galatians 3. Abraham in Romans 4. Abraham in 2 Corinthians Accursed Acts Adam and Christ

1. Adam: The Generic Sense of the Term 2. Adam: The Historical Figure 3. Adam: The Typological Figure 4. Adam and the Image of God 5. Adam and the Body of Christ

Adoption, Sonship

1. The Meaning of Huiothesia in Paul 2. The Background of Divine “Adoption as Sons” in Paul 3. The Sonship of Believers in Paul

Adultery Afflictions, Trials, Hardships

1. Catalogs of Afflictions 2. Persecution at the Hands of Jews 3. Paul’s Attitude Toward Trials and Afflictions

Age to Come Allegory Allusions to Old Testament Amen Anathema Angels, Archangels

1. Angels in the OT and Judaism 2. Angels in Paul 3. Angels and Christology

Anthropology Antioch on the Orontes Apocalypticism

1. Defining Apocalypticism 2. The Origins of Apocalypticism 3. Characteristics of Apocalypticism 4. Paul and Jewish Apocalyptic

Apocryphal Pauline Literature

1. Letters 2. Acts 3. Apocalypses 4. Prayer

Apollos

1. Apollos at Ephesus 2. Apollos and the Divisions at Corinth 3. Summary

Apostasy, Falling Away, Perseverance

1. Terminology 2. Continuity in Salvation and the Eschatological Tension 3. The Significance of Ethical Failure and Unbelief for Continuity in Salvation 4. The Pastoral Letters

Apostle

1. Greek Origin of the Word Apostle 2. The Quest for the Origin of the Concept of Apostle 3. The Evidence from Paul’s Letters 4. Jesus the Apostle and His Apostles 5. Apostles in Paul’s Letters 6. Paul’s Apostleship Disputed 7. Conclusion

Apostolic Fathers Apostolic Parousia Aqedah Archangels Areopagus Armor of God Artemis Asceticism Astrology Athens, Paul At

1. Paul in First-Century Athens 2. The Athens Speech 3. The Athens Speech and the Letters 4. Conclusions

Authority

1. Of Paul 2. Of Other Apostles 3. Of Opponents 4. In the Church

Autobiography, Pauline

Baptism

1. The Language and Actions of Baptism 2. Baptism and Christ 3. Baptism and the Spirit 4. Baptism and the Church 5. Baptism and Christian Ethics 6. Baptism and the Kingdom of God

Barnabas

1. Background 2. Ministry with Paul 3. Writings

Basic Principles Baur, F. C. Benediction, Blessing, Doxology, Thanksgiving

1. Benediction 2. Blessing 3. Doxology 4. Thanksgiving

Benefactor Binding of Isaac Blessing Boasting Body

1. Sōma: Focal Point of Pauline Anthropology 2. The Mortal Body 3. The Spiritual Body 4. Resurrection of the Dead or Immortality of the Soul?

Body of Christ

1. The Physical Body of Christ 2. The Body of Christ in Eucharistic Contexts 3. The Body of Christ as a Designation of the Church

Bondage Bread

Caesarea Caesar’s Household, Imperial Household

1. The Meaning of Caesar’s Household 2. The Gospel and Caesar’s Household 3. Caesar’s Household and the Greetings of Romans 16

Calendar Call, Calling

1. The Calling of All Believers 2. Paul’s Calling as an Apostle 3. Israel’s Calling as the People of God

Canon

1. Paul and His Letters 2. Between Paul and Clement (c. 60–100) 3. Between Clement and Justin (c. 96–165) 4. Marcion (Mid Second Century) 5. P46 6. The Muratorian Fragment 7. Some Later Church Fathers (c. 150–254) 8. Summary 9. Canonicity

Captive Catholicism Celibacy Center of Paul’s Theology

1. Some Recent Proposals 2. The Need for Criteria 3. Patterns of Pauline Theology 4. The Theme of Reconciliation 5. Conclusion

Cephas Chains Charismata Children of Abraham Children of God Christ

1. Jewish Background 2. Greek Usage 3. The Origin of the Christian Christos Usage 4. Pauline Usage 5. The En Christō Formula 6. Christos in the Contested Pauline Letters

Christ Hymn Christological Monotheism Christology

1. The Origins of Paul’s Christology 2. The Narrative Framework of Paul’s Christology 3. The Divinity and Humanity of Jesus Christ in Paul’s Christology 4. The Impact and Influence of Paul’s Christology 5. The Distinctiveness and Commonality of Paul’s Christology

Chronology of Paul

1. Sources and Types of Evidence 2. The Outer Framework 3. Chronological Data in the Letters 4. Chronological Data in Acts 5. Integration of the Letters and Acts

Church

1. Ekklēsia Outside the Bible 2. Ekklēsia in Paul 3. The Origin of the Church 4. Some Images of the Church 5. The Purpose of the Church’s Gathering 6. Authority in the Church

Church Order and Government

1. Perspective and Terminology 2. Metaphors and Models 3. Dynamics and Functions 4. Remuneration and Commissioning 5. Apostles and Colleagues 6. Conclusion

Circulation of Paul’s Letters Circumcision

1. The View of Paul’s Opponents on Circumcision 2. Paul’s Response to His Opponents 3. The Circumcision of Timothy and Titus

Citations of Old Testament Citizenship, Roman and Heavenly

1. Roman Citizenship 2. Heavenly Citizenship

Civil Authority

1. Civil Authorities 2. Romans 13:1–7

Clean Collection for the Saints

1. The Data for the Collection 2. The Historical Context for the Collection 3. The Purpose of the Collection 4. The Results of the Collection

Collection of Paul’s Letters Colossae Colossian Heresy Colossians, Letter to the

1. Colossae and its Citizens 2. The Church at Colossae 3. The Occasion of the Letter 4. The Threat to Faith and the “Colossian Heresy.” 5. Paul’s Handling of the Colossian Philosophy 6. Some Critical Questions

Communion Community Confessions Conscience

1. Usage and Definition 2. Conscience in Romans and 1 and 2 Corinthians 3. Conscience in the Pastoral Letters

Contentment Conversion and Call of Paul

1. History of the Interpretation of Paul’s Conversion/Call 2. Accounts of Paul’s Conversion/Call 3. Some Critical Questions

Converts Corinth Corinthians, Letters to The

1. The Contents of 1 Corinthians 2. The Contents of 2 Corinthians 3. The City and Its Citizens 4. The Church and Its Apostle 5. Some Critical Questions 6. Theological Themes of 1 and 2 Corinthians

Cosmic Powers Cosmology Cosmos Covenant and New Covenant

1. Galatians 2. 1 and 2 Corinthians 3. Romans 4. Conclusion

Covenantal Nomism Coworkers, Paul and His

1. The Identity and Designations of the Coworkers 2. The Classification of Their Activities

Creation and New Creation

1. Need for a New Creation 2. Scope of the New Creation 3. Characteristics of the New Creation

Creator Creed

1. Marks and Usage of Creeds 2. Central Affirmation of the Creeds 3. Types of Confession

Cross, Theology of The

1. Defining a Theology of the Cross 2. E. Käsemann on Paul and the Theology of the Cross 3. The Cross and the Attributes of God 4. The Cross and the Resurrection: “Now” and “Not Yet.” 5. The Cross and Human Redemption 6. The Cross and the Christian Life

Crucifixion Cup Curse, Accursed, Anathema

1. Curse As a Human Malediction 2. The Curse of the Law 3. Accursed/Anathema

Cynics

Damascus Road Experience Darkness Day of the Lord Days Dead Sea Scrolls Death Death of Christ

1. The Centrality of Christ’s Death 2. The Significance of the Cross: A Plurality of Images 3. The Death of Christ and the Purpose of God 4. The Death of Christ and the Human Condition 5. The Crucified Messiah and the Christian Life

Deconstruction Deities Demons and Exorcism

1. Demons 2. Exorcism

Destruction Deuteronomic Perspective Development in Paul’s Theology Devil Diaspora

1. The Extent and Circumstances of the Diaspora 2. Judaism in the Diaspora and in Palestine 3. Conclusions

Diatribe

1. Origin and Usage 2. Characteristics 3. Paul’s Use of the Diatribe 4. Value for Interpreting Paul’s Letters

Discipline

1. Paul’s Background and Experience 2. Evidence of Paul’s Disciplinary Practice

Divine Foreknowledge Divine Man Divine Sonship Divorce Dominical Sayings Dominions Down Payment Doxology Dying and Rising With Christ

1. Origin and Development of the Metaphor 2. The Eschatological Dimension 3. Baptism as Enactment 4. Rising to New Life in Christ 5. Dying, Rising and Apostolic Ministry

Early Catholicism

1. Definition 2. Features 3. Circumstances 4. Evaluation

Early Church Tradition Ebionites Ecstatic Experience Education of Paul Elders Election and Predestination

1. The Electing God and His Purposes 2. The Election of God 3. The Predestination of God 4. A Summary Statement of Election and Predestination 5. Final Considerations Concerning Election and Predestination

Elements/Elemental Spirits of the World

1. Terminology and Contexts 2. The Elements as Basic Principles 3. The Elements as Essential Components of the Universe 4. The Elements as Spiritual Powers

Eleusinian Mysteries Emperor Cult Emperor Worship Emperors, Roman

1. Imperial Titles 2. The Foundation of the Principate 3. Early Imperial Dynasties 4. The Functions of the Emperor 5. Emperor Worship 6. Christians and Roman Government

Enemy, Enmity, Hatred

1. The World and the “Unspiritual Person.” 2. The Work of Christ 3. The Church 4. Personal Enemies

Enmity Enthronement Ephesians, Letter to The

1. Style and Composition 2. Authorship 3. Relationship to Colossians 4. The History-of-Religions Question 5. Destination 6. Life Setting and Purpose 7. Themes in the Letter

Ephesus

1. Pre-Roman Times 2. The Roman City 3. Artemis Ephesia and Other Deities 4. Judaism in Ephesus 5. The Lukan Account of Paul’s Ephesian Ministry 6. The Ephesian Ministry As Seen from Paul’s Letters

Epicureans Epistles Eschatological Antagonist Eschatology

1. The Context of Pauline Eschatology: Jewish Apocalyptic Literature 2. The Contingency of the Pauline Letters 3. The Content of Pauline Eschatology: Some Central Tenets 4. Pauline Eschatology and Christology 5. Pauline Eschatology and Ethics 6. Pauline Eschatology and Jewish Mysticism 7. Social Dynamics in Paul’s Eschatological Teaching

Eternal Life Ethics

1. The Basis of Ethics in Grace 2. An Ethic of Love 3. The Actor and Thinker 4. The Eschatological Challenge 5. The Tension between the New and the Old 6. Universalizing the Moral Conflict

Eucharist Evangelism Eve Exaltation and Enthronement

1. Paul and the Exalted Christ 2. Aspects of Exaltation 3. Exaltation and the Lordship of Christ 4. Implications

Example of Christ Exegesis Exile Exorcism Expiation, Propitiation, Mercy Seat

1. Occurrence and Form 2. Hilastērion and Cognates in Classical and Hellenistic Greek Literature 3. Hilastērion in Paul

Expulsion

Faith

1. Faith and the Cross 2. Justification 3. Faith and Law 4. Abraham 5. Faithfulness 6. Faith and the Holy Spirit 7. Faith and the Christian Life 8. Faith and Obedience 9. Faith and the Church 10. The Faith

Faith of Jesus Christ Faithfulness of God Falling Away False Apostles Family Famine Relief Visit Fate Father Fear, Reverence

1. Fear and Reverence of God and Christ 2. Fear and Reverence Directed to the State 3. Fear and Reverence of Humans 4. Fear as a Personality Trait 5. Fear and Trembling

Fellowship, Communion, Sharing

1. Having a Share In 2. Giving a Share In

Final Judgment Financial Support

1. Financial Support of Apostles 2. The Collection 3. Money and Mission

First Adam First Fruits, Down Payment.

1. First Fruits 2. Down Payment

Firstborn

1. Firstborn of All Creation 2. Firstborn from the Dead 3. Firstborn Among Many Brothers

Flesh

1. The Represented Semantic Fields 2. Striking Formal Contextual Features 3. Comparison with Other Judeo-Christian Writers 4. Theological Issues

Food Laws Food Offered to Idols and Jewish Food Laws

1. The Setting of Early Christian Gatherings 2. Jewish Food Laws 3. The Incident at Antioch and the Jerusalem Council 4. Meat, Idols and the Christian Gathering

Foolishness Foreknowledge, Divine

1. Divine Foreknowledge as Foresight of Faith 2. Divine Foreknowledge as Election

Forgiveness

1. The Vocabulary of Forgiveness 2. Forgiveness As Grace 3. Forgiveness As Remission

Former Life in Judaism Freedom/Liberty

1. The Liberating Work of Christ 2. The Practice of Christian Liberty

Fruit of the Spirit

1. Similar and Contrasting Metaphors 2. The Context of Galatians 3. Paul’s Sources 4. Spiritual Graces 5. Conclusion

Fullness

1. Totality of Space 2. Totality of Quantity 3. Totality of the Law 4. Fulfillment of Time 5. Fullness of Essence

Futility

1. Futility and the Apostolic Gospel 2. Futility As Human and Cosmic Plight

Galatia Galatians, Letter to The

1. Galatia 2. Historical Context 3. Literary Forms 4. Contents

General Resurrection Gentiles

1. Terminology 2. Relations Between Jews and Gentiles 3. The Gentile Mission 4. The Status of Gentile Christians in Paul’s Theology

Gift of Knowledge Gift of Prophecy Gift of Tongues Gifts of the Spirit

1. The Linguistic Data 2. The Texts 3. The Charismata

Glorification Glory, Glorification

1. Background 2. God’s Eternal Purpose 3. Creation and Fall 4. Christ, the New Creation and the Church

Glory of God Glossolalia Gnosis, Gnosticism

1. Sources 2. Gnostic Doctrines 3. Gnosticism and the Pauline Corpus

Gnostic Paul Gnosticism God

1. Some Basic Assumptions 2. God as Creator, Father and King 3. The Attributes of God 4. Summary

God of This Age Gods Goodness of God Gospel

1. The Gospel and Paul 2. The Gospel of God and of Christ 3. The Gospel’s Past, Present and Future Tenses 4. The Gospel, Grace and Faith

Government Grace

1. The Grace of God and Christ 2. The Grace of Salvation 3. Gifts of Grace 4. Greetings of Grace

Greco-roman Religions Greek Religion Guilt

Halakah Hardening Hardships Hatred Head

1. Paul’s Understanding of Kephalē. 2. The Classical View of Head as Source 3. Headship in the Household 4. Headship in the Trinity

Head, Christ As

1. Head and Body 2. Head as Christological Metaphor

Head Coverings Healing, Illness

1. Illness As Judgment 2. Illness As a Messenger from Satan 3. Illness As Weakness Yet Opportunity 4. Healing

Heart Heaven, Heavenlies, Paradise

1. Background 2. Heaven 3. Things Above 4. Third Heaven, Paradise 5. Heavenlies

Heavenly Citizenship Hellenism

1. The Hellenistic Era 2. The Results of Hellenization 3. Scholarship on Hellenism and the NT 4. Hellenization and the NT

Hellenistic Religion Hermeneutics/Interpreting Paul

1. Recent Hermeneutical Issues 2. Paul’s Letters and First-Century Forms 3. Special Issues

Historical Jesus History-of-religions School Holiness, Sanctification

1. The “Holy,” or “Saints.” 2. Sanctification and Justification 3. Sanctification of One’s Family 4. The Problem of the Indicative and Imperative 5. Colossians, Ephesians and the Pastorals

Holiness of God Holy Days

1. Holy Days and Calendar Systems 2. Paul and Holy Days in Acts 3. Holy Days in the Pauline Corpus

Holy Spirit

1. The Sources of Paul’s Concept of the Spirit 2. The Spirit of God 3. The Spirit and Wisdom 4. The Spirit as Divine Power 5. The Spirit of Christ 6. The Spirit and Mission 7. The Spirit and the Christian’s New Life 8. The Spirit and Eschatology 9. The Spirit and Worship

Homosexuality

1. Hellenistic Judaism 2. Romans 1:26–27 3. 1 Corinthians 6:9; 1 Timothy 1:10 4. General Considerations

Hope

1. Hope in the OT 2. Hope in the Letters of Paul

Households and Household Codes

1. The Household Concept 2. Household Codes in Paul

Hymns, Hymn Fragments, Songs, Spiritual Songs

1. Background for This Study 2. Presence of Hymns in the Pauline Corpus 3. Classification and Function of the Hymns

Idol Food Idolatry

1. Idolatry and the OT 2. Idolatry in the First-Century Mediterranean World 3. Paul on Idolatry

Illness Image of God

1. In the Pauline Literature 2. In the OT 3. The OT Background and Paul

Imitation of Paul/Of Christ

1. 1 Corinthians 4:16 2. 1 Corinthians 11:1 3. Philippians 3:17 4. 1 Thessalonians 1:6; 2:14 5. 2 Thessalonians 3:7–9 6. Misunderstandings of Imitation 7. Imitation and the Cross

Immortality

1. Immortality in the OT and Judaism 2. Immortality in Paul 3. Conclusion

Imperial Household Imprisonment Impurity In Christ

1. The Usage of the Expression 2. The Origin and Basis of the Expression 3. Theological Aspects of Paul’s Usage

Incest Inspired Utterance Institutionalization Intercession

1. The Exalted Christ 2. The Holy Spirit

Intermediate State

1. Physical Death and Life with Christ 2. Immortality of the Soul or Resurrection of the Dead? 3. Development in Pauline Thought: 1 Corinthians 15 and 2 Corinthians 5 4. The Intermediate State as “Soul Sleep.”

Israel

1. Introduction 2. Definition and Terminology 3. The Extension of the Covenant with Israel to Gentiles 4. Israel as the Creation of God’s Word 5. Israel’s Fault 6. Israel’s Dual Status: Beloved and at Enmity with the Gospel 7. Paul’s Solution: The Restoration of Israel by Means of the Gentile Mission 8. Israel in Contemporary Perspective

Israel of God Itineraries, Travel Plans, Journeys, Apostolic Parousia

1. Sources 2. The Evidence of Paul’s Letters 3. Apostolic Parousia 4. Paul’s Motivation for Travel 5. Paul’s Itinerary in Acts 6. Integration of the Letters and Acts

James and Paul

1. The James-Paul Issue 2. James and Paul on Works 3. James and Paul on Faith 4. James and Paul on Justification 5. Conclusions

Jealousy, Zeal

1. Paul’s Pre-Christian Zeal 2. Paul’s Refocused Zeal 3. Destructive Jealousy and Zeal 4. Godly Jealousy and Zeal

Jerusalem

1. The Centrality of Jerusalem 2. Jerusalem and the Early Years of Paul 3. Paul’s Visits to Jerusalem 4. The Jerusalem Church Council 5. Subsequent Visits of Paul to Jerusalem 6. The Collection 7. The Demise of the Jerusalem Church

Jerusalem Apostles Jerusalem Council Jesus, Sayings of

1. Certain or Probable References 2. Possible Echoes 3. Continuity/Similarity in Theology and Attitude 4. Theological Loci and Sayings of Jesus 5. Narrative Tradition 6. Paucity and Allusive Character of References 7. Summary and Conclusion

Jesus and Paul

1. History of the Debate 2. The Teaching of Jesus in Paul 3. The Life of Jesus and His Example 4. Letters and Missionary Preaching 5. Revelation and Tradition 6. The Kingdom of God 7. Israel and the Law 8. Sinners, Outsiders and the Mercy of God 9. Suffering, the Cross and Vindication 10. Continuity and Development

Jesus Tradition Jew, Paul The

1. Paul’s Autobiographical Statements 2. Paul’s Formal Education in Judaism 3. Paul’s Apocalyptic Worldview 4. Paul’s Self-Understanding as a Jew 5. Paul’s Mysticism 6. Paul and Torah

Jewish Exegesis Jewish Gnosticism Journeys Joy

1. The Vocabulary of Joy 2. Being in Christ 3. The Fruit of the Spirit 4. Joy in Suffering 5. The Eschatology of Joy

Judaizers

1. Introduction 2. Definition and Terminology 3. Paul and Jerusalem: Diversity Within the Early Christian Mission 4. Diversity in Opposition: The Variety of Paul’s Opponents

Judge Judgment

1. Terminology and Meaning 2. Continuity and Discontinuity with Judaism 3. Judgment and the Gospel of Christ 4. Judgment According to Works 5. Judgment of Christians

Justice Justification

1. The Meaning of the Term Justification. 2. The Relation of Paul’s Thought to That of Contemporary Judaism 3. Paul’s Understanding of the “Righteousness of God.” 4. The Relation Between Faith and Works in Paul’s Thought 5. The Importance of Justification to Paul’s Thought

Kerygma King Kingdom of God/Christ

1. Statistical Evidence 2. Is the Kingdom Present or Future? 3. Is the Kingdom of God the Same as the Kingdom of Christ? 4. The Deliverance of the Kingdom to God the Father 5. Transferral into the Kingdom of Christ

Knowledge, Gift of Knowledge

1. Knowledge 2. Knowledge at Corinth 3. Gift of Knowledge

Koinonia Kyrios

Last Adam Law

1. The Struggle to Understand Paul’s View of the Law 2. The Jewish Law in the Second Temple Period 3. The Jewish Law in the Context of Paul’s Letters 4. Conclusion

Law of Christ

1. Survey of Interpretation 2. The Pauline Texts 3. Conclusion

Lawsuit

1. The Church and the State 2. Civil Litigation in Roman Corinth

Legal System, Roman

1. The Legal System in Rome 2. The Legal System in the Provinces 3. Paul’s Encounters with Roman Law

Legalism Letters, Letter Forms

1. Private Personal Letters? 2. The Form of the Pauline Letters 3. The Use of Other Literary Traditions.

Liberation Liberty Life and Death

1. Life 2. The Reign of Death 3. Death to Sin 4. Mortality and Corruption 5. Summary

Light and Darkness

1. The Symbols of Light and Darkness 2. God’s Light and the World’s Darkness 3. The Gospel As Light Penetrating Darkness. 4. The Children of Light and of Darkness 5. Immortality and Light

Liturgical Elements

1. Creedal Confessions 2. Hymns 3. Doxologies 4. Benedictions 5. Prayer Acclamations 6. Conclusion

Lord

1. Background 2. Origins of Christian Usage 3. Pauline Usage 4. Summary

Lord’s Supper

1. Introduction 2. Religious Meals in the Ancient World 3. The Church Meal in Corinth 4. Paul’s Response to the Situation at Corinth 5. The Pauline Lord’s Supper and Practice Elsewhere

Love

1. Terminology 2. God’s/Christ’s Love for Us 3. Our Love for God/Christ 4. Our Love for Others

Love Feast

1. The New Testament Evidence 2. The Love Feast and the Common Meal 3. The Abuse of the Love Feast (1 Cor 11:17–34)

Magic

1. Definition of Magic 2. Sources 3. Magic and the Spirit World 4. The Uses for Magic 5. Jewish Magic 6. Paul and Magic in Acts 7. Paul and Magic in the Letters

Man and Woman

1. Paul and Men’s and Women’s Roles in General 2. Paul and Women’s Head Coverings 3. Paul and Wives’ Submission 4. Paul and Women’s Ministry

Man of Lawlessness and Restraining Power

1. The Man of Lawlessness 2. The Restraining Power

Manuscripts Maranatha Marcion Marriage and Divorce, Adultery and Incest

1. Background 2. Marriage 3. Divorce 4. Adultery 5. Incest

Mars Hill Mature Meals, Religious Mercy

1. OT Background 2. Mercy on Israel 3. Mercy as Incentive to Service

Mercy Seat Merit Merkabah Mysticism Midrash Mind Ministry

1. Ministry in the Pauline Churches 2. Paul as Minister 3. Eschatological Evaluation of Ministry

Miracles Mission

1. Paul’s Missionary Activity 2. Paul’s Missionary Thought

Missionary Journeys Mithraism Money Monotheism Months Mortality Moses

1. As a Historical Figure 2. Identified by His Work As Lawgiver 3. Illustrative Use of Moses 4. Typological Use of Moses 5. Reflective Use of Moses 6. Use of Mosaic Haggadah and Lore 7. Theologically Significant Uses

Mystery

1. Background 2. Mystery in Paul

Mystery Religions Mysticism

1. Earlier Views 2. Paul’s Conversion 3. Dying and Rising with Christ 4. Being “in Christ.” 5. Sharing Christ’s Sufferings 6. Paul’s Contentment 7. Glossolalia 8. Conclusions

Nag Hammadi Name

1. Human Names 2. God’s Name 3. Christ’s Name 4. The Name Above All Names

Narrative Criticism Narrative Tradition New Covenant New Creation New Israel New Nature and Old Nature

1. Terminology 2. Romans 3. Ephesians and Colossians 4. Theological Significance

New Perspective on Paul

Obedience Offering Old Nature Old Testament in Paul

1. Explicit Citations 2. Allusions 3. Paul and Jewish Exegesis 4. Biblical Interpretation in Paul’s Writings

Olive Tree

1. Setting 2. Pauline Usage 3. Theology of the Olive Tree Analogy 4. Summary

Onesimus Opponents of Paul

1. Survey of Opinion 2. Paul’s Opponents at Corinth: “Servants of Righteousness.” 3. Paul and the Jerusalem Apostles 4. Opponents in the Galatian Churches 5. Paul’s Opponents: A Profile 6. The Judaizers, James and Paul 7. Opposition at Colossae: Jewish Gnosticism 8. Opposition at Philippi: Judaizers 9. Opposition in the Pastoral Letters

Order Ordination

Paganism Paradise Paraenesis Parousia Particularism Passover Pastor, Paul As

1. Pastor Paul 2. Paul as Parent 3. Paul’s Pastoral Care 4. Pastoral Authority 5. Shared Pastoral Responsibilities

Pastoral Letters

1. Canonicity and Authorship 2. Occasion and Date 3. Historical Setting 4. Composition: Literary Criticism 5. Outline 6. Themes

Paul and His Coworkers Paul and His Interpreters

1. F. C. Baur and the Tübingen School 2. The Identity and Theology of Paul’s Opponents 3. Paul’s View of the Law 4. The Center of Paul’s Theology 5. Prospects for the Future

Paul in Acts and Letters

1. Sources 2. Paul’s Career 3. Paul’s missionary policy and message. 4. Paul’s Abiding Influence

Paul in Early Church Tradition

1. The Apostolic Fathers 2. The Marcionite and Ebionite Paul 3. The Ascetic and Gnostic Paul 4. The Orthodox Paul

Peace, Reconciliation

1. Chief Letters 2. Colossians and Ephesians 3. Superscriptions

Pedagogue Perfect, Mature

1. Maturity, Having Attained the Goal 2. Spiritual Perfection as Existence “in Christ.” 3. Relative Perfection in This Life 4. Ultimate Perfection in the Age to Come

Persecution Persecutor, Paul As Perseverance Person, The Pesher Interpretation Peter

1. Peter in Galatians 2. Peter in 1 Corinthians

Pharisees Philemon, Letter To

1. History of Interpretation 2. Continuing Questions of Interpretation 3. Theological Significance

Philippi Philippians, Letter to The

1. Contents 2. The City and Its Citizens 3. The Church and Its Apostle 4. Some Critical Questions 5. Theological Themes

Philo Philosophy

1. Schools of Philosophy 2. Paul and Hellenistic Philosophy

Platonists Political Systems

1. Jewish Political System 2. Roman Political System

Poor Postal Service Poverty Power

1. Power to Save 2. Power Against “the Powers.” 3. Power to Serve 4. Power in Weakness 5. The Role of Faith and Prayer 6. God’s Powerful Triumph over Evil

Powers Praise Prayer

1. Prayer in Paul’s Life: Acts and Letters 2. Analysis of Pauline Prayer Material 3. Pauline Prayer Vocabulary 4. Pauline Prayer Theology

Preaching, Kerygma

1. Terminology 2. The Message Paul Preached 3. Paul the Preacher 4. Twentieth-Century Scholarship

Preaching From Paul Today

1. The Nature of Paul’s Letters 2. The Form of Paul’s Letters 3. Rhetorical Structures 4. Selecting a Suitable Preaching Text 5. Analyzing the Preaching Text 6. Crossing the Historical-Cultural Gap 7. Designing the Sermon 8. Preaching Christ

Predestination Pre-existence

1. Ancient Jewish Tradition 2. Christ’s Pre-existence 3. Conclusions

Principalities and Powers

1. Interpretation of the Powers 2. Terminology, Context and Background 3. The Nature of the Powers 4. Christ and the Powers

Prison, Prisoner

1. Prison 2. Paul the Prisoner 3. Prisoners of War

Promise and Fulfillment Prophecy, Prophesying

1. Paul and OT Prophecy 2. Paul’s Personal Experience with Prophecy 3. Paul’s Reflections on Prophecy 4. The Limits of Prophecy 5. Appeals to Paul in Contemporary Claims to Prophecy

Prophet, Paul As

1. Relationship Between Apostle and Prophet 2. Prophetic Call 3. Prophetic Gospel 4. Prophetic Comparison 5. Prophetic Criticism

Prophetic Prayer Propitiation Pseudepigraphy Psychology

1. Pauline Psychology in Modern Study 2. The Person as God’s Creation 3. The Person in Bondage to Sin 4. The Person Made Whole

Purity and Impurity

1. Ceremonial Purity and Impurity 2. Moral Purity and Impurity 3. Background

Qumran and Paul

1. Understanding the Qumran Community and Scrolls 2. Revelation 3. Interpretation of Scripture 4. God’s Reign 5. The New Covenant 6. The Messianic Age

Rabbinic Background Reader-response Criticism Reconciliation Redemption

1. Background 2. Redemption and the Cross 3. The Life of the Redeemed 4. Redemption and the Future

Religions, Greco-roman

1. Political and Cultural Setting 2. Greek Religion 3. Roman Religion 4. Hellenistic Religions 5. Paul and Greco-Roman Religion

Remarriage Remnant Theology Restoration of Israel

1. The Restoration of Israel in OT and Jewish Tradition 2. The Restoration of Israel in Paul

Restraining Power Resurrection

1. The Origins of a Doctrine of Resurrection 2. Paul and Pharisaic Belief in the Resurrection 3. Terminology of the Resurrection 4. Images of the Resurrection 5. Co-Crucifixion and Co-Resurrection in Christ 6. The Resurrection: Some Issues of Interpretation

Revelation Reverence Revolutionary Movements

1. Paul’s Critical Ministry Period 2. General Background to Revolutionary Movements 3. Immediate Background to Revolutionary Movements: Principes, Procurators and High Priests 4. Revolutionary Movements and Their Causes

Rewards

1. Rewards as Christ’s Blessings 2. Rewards as Recognition of One’s Works 3. Conclusion

Rhetoric

1. Paul’s Training in Rhetoric 2. Paul’s Use of Judicial Rhetoric 3. Paul’s Renunciation of Rhetoric for Preaching 4. A Corinthian Critique of Paul’s Rhetorical Presentation

Rhetorical Criticism

1. Hellenistic Rhetoric 2. New Rhetoric 3. Conclusion

Riches and Poverty

1. Riches 2. Poverty

Righteousness, Righteousness of God

1. Terminology, Background and Issues 2. Righteousness in Paul 3. History of Interpretation 4. God’s Righteousness as Relation-Restoring Love

Rising With Christ Roads and Highways Roman Christianity Roman Citizenship Roman Legal System Roman Political System Roman Religion Romans, Letter to The

1. Author, Date and Place of Origin 2. Recipients 3. Purposes 4. Literary Form and Coherence 5. The Issues at Stake 6. The Argument of the Letter

Rome and Roman Christianity

1. Rome in the First Century A.D. 2. Roman Christianity

Ruler Cults Rulers

Sabbath Sacrifice, Offering

1. The Sacrifice of Christ 2. Rejection of Customary Sacrifices 3. Christian Sacrifice

Salvation

1. “God Our Savior.” 2. Human Agents in Salvation 3. Who Will Be Saved? 4. Salvation in the Past 5. Salvation Now 6. A Future Salvation

Sanctification Sanhedrin Satan, Devil

1. Background 2. Pauline Terminology 3. Satan As Hostile Enemy 4. Satan As Conquered Enemy

Savior

1. Savior in Hellenism and Judaism 2. Savior in Ephesians and Philippians 3. Savior in the Pastorals

School of Tyrannus Sea Travel Seed Self Sending Servant, Service

1. Serving as a Slave 2. Servants of God

Service Sexual Ethics Sexuality, Sexual Ethics

1. Paul’s Experience 2. Basic Instruction 3. Responding to Problems 4. Conclusions

Sharing Signs, Wonders, Miracles

1. Signs and Wonders 2. Miracles in Paul’s Mission 3. Signs of an Apostle 4. The Gift of Miracles 5. Miracles of Paul in Acts

Silence of Women Sin, Guilt

1. The Fall 2. The Universality of Sin 3. Sin and the Law 4. The Effects of Sin 5. The Death of Jesus 6. Christian Opposition to Evil 7. Overcoming Sin 8. The Judgment of Sin.

Sinners Slave, Slavery

1. Slaves and Slavery in the Greco-Roman World 2. Slaves and Slavery in Paul

Social Institutions Social Setting of Mission Churches

1. The Urban Environment 2. The Social Context of Paul’s Mission 3. The Formation and Development of the Communities 4. Social Institutions 5. Social Composition 6. Social Factors in the Formation of Belief

Social Stratification Social-scientific Approaches to Paul

1. The Legitimacy of a Social-Scientific Approach 2. The Advantages of Social-Scientific Interpretation 3. Problems in Social-Scientific Interpretation 4. Case Studies in Social-Scientific Interpretation 5. Conclusion

Son of God

1. Background 2. Jesus 3. Jesus’ Divine Sonship Outside Paul 4. Paul’s Usage

Songs Sons of Abraham Sonship Soul Spirit (Human) Spirit of Christ Spirit of God Spirit World Spiritual Gifts Spiritual Songs Spirituality

1. Background 2. The Spirit of God and Spirituality 3. Pauline Spirituality: “Yes to God.” 4. The Experiential Foundation of Pauline Spirituality 5. Union with Christ 6. The Practice of the Spirit 7. Spirituality and Sanctification 8. Sin and Sanctification 9. Imitation and Discipleship 10. The Triad of Prayer, Word and Community 11. Prayer as a Primary Paradigm of Spirituality 12. The Locus of Spirituality 13. The Fruit and Gifts of the Spirit 14. The Spirit and the Common Life 15. Gratitude: The Heartbeat of Pauline Spirituality 16. Summary

Stoics Strength Strong and Weak

1. Corinth 2. Rome 3. Paul’s Responses

Structuralism Stumbling Block

1. Background 2. Proskomma/Proskoptō. 3. Skandalon/Skandalizō.

Suffering

1. Paul’s Suffering as an Apostle 2. The Suffering of Believers 3. The Question of the Correct Interpretive Framework

Suffering Servant Sufficiency Super-apostles Synagogue

Table Fellowship Tarsus Teaching of Jesus Teaching/Paraenesis

1. Characteristics 2. Forms 3. Determining Influences

Temple

1. Background 2. Terminology 3. Temple and People of God 4. Temple and Christology

Tentmaking

1. The Nature of Tentmaking 2. Paul: Tentmaker and Apostle 3. Paul’s Reasons for Working 4. Problems Caused by Paul’s Work 5. The Rabbis and Work

Textual Criticism

1. The Evidence 2. Textual Traditions 3. Methodology 4. The Textual History of the Pauline Corpus 5. Later Redaction or Interpolations? 6. Examples

Textual History Textual Traditions Thanksgiving Thessalonians, Letters to The

1. Contents of the Letters 2. The City of Thessalonica 3. The Pauline Mission 4. The Writing of the Letters 5. Literary and Historical Questions 6. Early Pauline Theology

Thessalonica This Age Thorn in the Flesh Timothy, 1 and 2 Titus Tongues

1. Terminology 2. The Prevalence of Tongues in the Early Church 3. Tongues at Corinth

Torah Tradition

1. Tradition and Revelation 2. Use of Tradition

Transformation Travel in the Roman World

1. Overland Roads and Highways 2. Sea Routes 3. Postal Services

Travel Plans Trials Triumph

1. The Triumph of the Divine Warrior in the OT 2. The Triumph of the Divine Warrior in Judaism and in Paul 3. Triumph over Principalities and Powers 4. Triumph over Sin, Flesh, Law and Death 5. Triumph at the End of the Age 6. Prisoners and Soldiers of Christ

Truth

1. The Truth of God 2. The Truth and the Gospel 3. Truth in Christian Living

Tübingen School Typology

Uncircumcision Unclean Universalism

1. The Separation of the Saved and the Lost 2. The Universal Scope of Christ’s Saving Work 3. Evaluating the Evidence

Unknown God Urban Environment of Paul’s Mission

Vanity Vices Virtues and Vices

1. The Function of Paul’s Ethical Lists 2. The Background of Paul’s Ethical Lists

Visions, Ecstatic Experience

1. Pauline Visions in Acts 2. Paul’s Own View 3. The Journey to Heaven in 2 Corinthians 12:1–4

Visits to Jerusalem Voluntary Associations

W–Z

Weak Weakness

1. The Pauline Weakness Motif 2. Weakness, Apostleship and Christian Spirituality

Wisdom

1. Criteria for Determining “Wisdom.” 2. Wisdom Material in Paul’s Traditions 3. Christology 4. The Gospel 5. Ethics 6. Eschatology

Wisdom Christology Wish Prayers Witchcraft Witness

1. Gospel and Witness 2. Apostleship and Witness 3. Inner Witness and Public Witness

Woman Women in Ministry Wonders Works Works of the Law

1. Nomistic Service 2. Jewish Nationalism 3. Legalism 4. Subjective Genitive 5. Human Inability 6. Human Inability, Legalism and Salvation History

World, Cosmology

1. Terminology 2. The World of Space 3. The Temporal World 4. Perspectives in the Pauline Letters

Worship

1. Background 2. Contemporary Setting 3. Pauline Teaching

Wrath, Destruction

1. God’s Wrath 2. Human Wrath 3. Destruction

Years Zeal Zealots Zion

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