Oracle Essentials, 4th Edition by Greenwald, Rick -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Oracle Essentials, 4th Edition

Preface

Goals of This Book Audience for This Book About the Fourth Edition (Oracle Database 11g) Structure of This Book Conventions Used in This Book How to Contact Us Using Code Examples Safari® Books Online Acknowledgments

1. Introducing Oracle

The Evolution of the Relational Database

Relational Basics How Oracle Grew

The Oracle Database Family Summary of Oracle Database Features Database Application Development Features

Database Programming

SQL PL/SQL Java Oracle and web services Large objects Object-oriented programming Third-generation languages (3GLs) Database drivers The Oracle Call Interface National Language Support

Database Extensibility

Oracle Multimedia Oracle content management Oracle search capabilities Oracle Spatial Option XML DB

Database Connection Features

Database Networking

Oracle Net Oracle Internet Directory Oracle Connection Manager

Oracle Application Server

Distributed Database Features

Distributed Queries and Transactions Heterogeneous Services

Data Movement Features

Transportable Tablespaces Advanced Queuing and Oracle Streams Extraction, Transformation, and Loading

Database Performance Features

Database Parallelization Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence

Bitmap indexes Star query optimization Materialized views Analytic functions OLAP Option Data Mining Option Business intelligence tools

Database Management Features

Oracle Enterprise Manager Information Lifecycle Management and ILM Assistant Backup and Recovery

Recovery Manager Incremental backup and recovery Oracle Secure Backup

Database Availability

Partitioning option Data Guard Fail Safe Oracle Real Application Clusters Data Guard and RAC Automated Storage Management

Real Application Testing Option

Database Security Features

Advanced Security Option Label Security Option Database Vault Option Audit Vault Server

Oracle Development Tools

Oracle JDeveloper Oracle SQL Developer Oracle Forms Developer Oracle Reports Developer Oracle Designer Oracle Discoverer Administration Edition Oracle Portal

Embedded Databases

Oracle TimesTen Oracle Berkeley DB Oracle Lite

2. Oracle Architecture

Databases and Instances

Oracle Database Structure

Tablespaces Files of a database

Database Initialization

Deploying Physical Components

Control Files Datafiles

Datafile structure Extents and segments

Redo Log Files

Multiplexing redo log files How Oracle uses the redo logs Naming conventions for redo logs Archived redo logs ARCHIVELOG mode and automatic archiving

Instance Memory and Processes

Memory Structures for an Instance

Database buffer cache Shared pool Redo log buffer Other pools in the SGA Automatic PGA management

Background Processes for an Instance

The Data Dictionary

3. Installing and Running Oracle

Installing Oracle

Optimal Flexible Architecture Supporting Multiple Oracle Versions on a Machine Upgrading an Oracle Database

Creating a Database

Planning the Database The Value of Estimating Tools for Creating Databases

Configuring Oracle Net

Resolving Oracle Net Service Names Oracle Net Manager Auto-Discovery and Agents Oracle Net Configuration Files

Starting Up the Database Shutting Down the Database Accessing a Database

Server Processes and Clients

Server process Client process

Application Servers and Web Servers As Clients Oracle Net and Establishing Network Connections The Shared Server/Multi-Threaded Server

Session memory for shared server processes versus dedicated server processes Data dictionary information about the shared server

Oracle at Work

Oracle and Transactions Flashback A Transaction, Step by Step

4. Oracle Data Structures

Datatypes

Character Datatypes Numeric Datatype Date Datatype Other Datatypes Type Conversion Concatenation and Comparisons NULLs

Basic Data Structures

Tables Views Indexes

B*-tree indexes Reverse key indexes Bitmap indexes Function-based indexes Invisible indexes

Partitioning

Additional Data Structures

Sequences Synonyms Clusters Hash Clusters

Extended Logic for Data

Rules Manager The Expression Filter

Data Design Constraints Triggers Query Optimization

Rule-Based Optimization Cost-Based Optimization

How statistics are used Influencing the cost-based optimizer

Specifying an Optimizer Mode

Newer database releases and the cost-based optimizer

Saving the Optimization Comparing Optimizations Performance and Optimization

Understanding the Execution Plan SQL Advisors Data Dictionary Tables

5. Managing Oracle

Manageability Features

Database Advisors Automatic Storage Management

Oracle Enterprise Manager

Enterprise Manager Architecture Oracle Enterprise Manager Consoles EM2Go

Fragmentation and Reorganization

Resolving Fragmentation

Backup and Recovery

Types of Backup and Recovery Options Oracle Secure Backup Information Lifecycle Management

Working with Oracle Support

Reporting Problems Automated Patching

6. Oracle Security, Auditing, and Compliance

Security

Usernames, Privileges, Groups, and Roles Identity Management Security Privileges Special Roles: DBA, SYSDBA, and SYSOPER Policies Restricting Data Access

View-based security Fine-grained access control

Label Security Option Security and Application Roles and Privileges Distributed Database and Multitier Security

Distributed security management Multitier security

Advanced Security Option Encryption Secure Backup

Auditing Compliance

Oracle Database Vault Option Oracle Audit Vault Server Flashback Data Archive

7. Oracle Performance

Performance Tuning Basics

Defining Performance and Performance Problems Oracle Server Performance AWR, ADDM, and Enterprise Manager Machine Resource Usage When All Else Fails A Final Note on Performance Basics

Oracle and Disk I/O Resources

I/O Planning Principles for an Oracle Database Using RAID Disk Array Technology

Volume managers Dedicated storage subsystems Combined host-based and I/O subsystem volume management

Flexibility, Manageability, and Disk Arrays How Oracle I/O and Striped Arrays Interact

Oracle and Parallelism

Block-Range Parallelism Parallelism for Tables and Partitions of Tables What Can Be Parallelized?

Degree of parallelism Self-tuning adaptive parallelism

Partition-Based Parallelism

Parallelism for partitions and subpartitions of a table Fast full index scans for nonpartitioned tables Parallel insert for nonpartitioned and partitioned tables

Oracle and Memory Resources

How Oracle Uses the System Global Area

Automatic sizing for the SGA The database buffer cache The shared pool The redo log buffer Query results caching

How Oracle Uses the Program Global Area

Memory for SQL statements Memory for sorting within the PGA

TimesTen

Oracle and CPU Resources Database Resource Manager

8. Oracle Multiuser Concurrency

Basics of Concurrent Access

Transactions Locks Concurrency and Contention Integrity Problems Serialization

Oracle and Concurrent User Access Oracle's Isolation Levels Oracle Concurrency Features How Oracle Handles Locking

A Simple Write Operation A Conflicting Write Operation A Read Operation

Concurrent Access and Performance Workspaces

Workspace Implementation Workspace Operations Workspace Enhancements

9. Oracle and Transaction Processing

OLTP Basics

What Is a Transaction? What Does OLTP Mean?

General characteristics Online versus batch

OLTP Versus Business Intelligence

Oracle's OLTP Heritage Architectures for OLTP

Traditional Two-Tier Client/Server Stored Procedures Three-Tier Systems Application Servers and Web Servers The Grid

Oracle Features for OLTP

General Concurrency and Performance Scalability

Multi-Threaded Server/shared server Database Resource Manager

Real Application Clusters

High Availability Oracle Streams and Advanced Queuing

Streams for System Interfaces Oracle and Publish-Subscribe Technology

Object Technologies and Distributed Components

10. Oracle Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence

Business Intelligence Basics

The Evolution of Business Intelligence A Topology for Business Intelligence Data Marts Operational Data Store and Enterprise Warehouse OLTP Systems and Business Intelligence

Data Warehouse Design Query Optimization

Bitmap Indexes and Parallelism Summary Tables Materialized Views

Analytics, OLAP, and Data Mining in the Database

Analytic and Statistical Functions MODEL Clause in SELECT OLAP and Data Mining Capabilities Database Extensibility and the Data Warehouse

Multimedia Spatial Option XML

Managing the Data Warehouse Other Software for the Data Warehouse

Extraction, Transformation, and Loading Reporting and Ad Hoc Query Tools OLAP and OLAP Applications Building Data Mining Business Intelligence Applications

The Metadata Challenge Best Practices

Common Misconceptions Effective Strategy

11. Oracle and High Availability

What Is High Availability?

Measuring and Planning Availability Causes of Unplanned Downtime System Availability Versus Component Availability

System Failure

What Is Instance Recovery? Phases of Instance Recovery

Rollforward Fast-start fault recovery and bounded recovery time Rollback improvements

Protecting Against System Failure

Component Redundancy

Disk redundancy

Automatic Storage Management Simple Hardware Failover

Outage duration for hardware failover Failover and operating system platform

Real Application Clusters

Real Application Clusters and hardware failover Node failure and Real Application Clusters Parallel Fail Safe/RACGuard

Oracle Transparent Application Failover

How TAF works TAF and various Oracle configurations

Recovering from Failures

Developing a Backup-and-Recovery Strategy Taking Oracle Backups Using Backups to Recover Recovery Manager Read-Only Tablespaces Point-in-Time Recovery Flashback

Complete Site Failure

Oracle Data Guard: Standby Database for Redundancy

Logical standby database Oracle Data Guard management

Possible Causes of Lost Data with a Physical Standby Database

Copying archived redo logs to a standby site Unarchived redo information and the role of geo-mirroring

Data Redundancy Solutions

Data Replication—Synchronous and Asynchronous Old-Fashioned Data Redundancy

Rolling Upgrades

12. Oracle and Hardware Architecture

System Basics Uniprocessor Systems Symmetric Multiprocessing Systems Clusters Non-Uniform Memory Access Systems Grid Computing Disk and Storage Technology

Disk Deployment Strategies

Which Platform Deployment Solution?

Platform Comparison Approaches to Choosing Platforms

13. Oracle Distributed Databases and Distributed Data

Accessing Multiple Databases As a Single Entity

Distributed Data Access Across Multiple Oracle Databases Access to and from Non-Oracle Databases Two-Phase Commits Transaction Processing Monitors

Moving Data Between Distributed Systems

Advanced Replication

Managing Advanced Replication

Advanced Queuing

Queue creation and management Publish-and-subscribe capabilities

Oracle Streams Streams and Grid Computing Transportable Tablespaces

14. Oracle Extended Datatypes

Object-Oriented Development

Object-Relational Features

Objects in Oracle Other extensibility features

Java's Role and Web Services Enterprise JavaBeans

Extensibility Features and Options

Oracle Multimedia and Oracle Text Oracle Content Management Oracle Ultra Search Oracle Spatial Option

Using the Extensibility Framework in Oracle

15. Beyond the Oracle Database

Application Express Oracle Fusion Middleware

Oracle Application Server Editions Oracle Application Server Installation Oracle Application Server Components

HTTP Server Containers for J2EE (OC4J) TopLink Development tools Development servers Portal Wireless Security Business intelligence Integration

Oracle Application Server System Services

Management Caching Clustering and load balancing RFID handling in Oracle Sensor Edge Server

Oracle SOA Suite

Oracle BPEL Process Manager Business Activity Monitoring Business Rules Enterprise Service Bus Web Services Manager Oracle JDeveloper Adapters Oracle Service Registry

A. What's New in This Book for Oracle Database 11g

Chapter 1: Introducing Oracle Chapter 2: Oracle Architecture Chapter 3: Installing and Running Oracle Chapter 4: Data Structures Chapter 5: Managing Oracle Chapter 6: Oracle Security, Auditing, and Compliance Chapter 7: Oracle Performance Chapter 8: Oracle Multiuser Concurrency Chapter 9: Oracle and Transaction Processing Chapter 10: Oracle Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Chapter 11: Oracle and High Availability Chapter 12: Oracle and Hardware Architecture Chapter 13: Oracle Distributed Databases and Distributed Data Chapter 14: Oracle Extended Datatypes Chapter 15: Beyond the Oracle Database

B. Additional Resources

Web Sites Books and Oracle Documentation

Index About the Authors Colophon

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