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Index
Cover
Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
I. Introduction
II. The Indian System: “A Sink of Iniquity”
Lincoln and the Indian Patronage
Institutionalized Corruption
The Origins and Structure of the System
The Money Machine
The Indian Agent and Corruption
A Pathway to Wealth and Power
The Lincoln Administration and Corruption
The Impact of the System on the Indians
A System to Serve White Men
III. Lincoln and the Southern Tribes: “Our Great Father at Washington Has Turned Against Us”
Lincoln Abandons Indian Country
The Confederacy Gains Some Allies
Lincoln Changes His Mind
Lincoln, Jim Lane, and Indian Troops
Lincoln Decides to Use Indian Troops
IV. The Indian Expedition: “A Great Exhausting Affair”
The Project Collapses
The Project Is Revived
The Expedition Is Launched—and Aborted
V. Lincoln and the Refugees: “A Multitude of Cares”
John Ross Visits Lincoln
Broken Promises and Kansas Politics
Lincoln Refuses to Return the Refugees
The Refugees Go Home
VI. Indian Affairs in Minnesota: “A System of Wholesale Robberies”
A Case Study in Corruption
Money for Minnesota
Minnesota Gets Investigated
The Investigator Runs into Trouble
Tragedy Ahead in Minnesota
VII. Rebellion in Minnesota: “A Most Terrible and Exciting Indian War”
A Confederate Conspiracy?
“Attend to the Indians”
Black Troops and an Indian War
Lincoln Finds a General
Prisoners to Fight Indians
Corruption as Usual in Minnesota
VIII. Lincoln and the Sioux Executions: “I Could Not Afford to Hang Men for Votes”
General Pope Plans Executions
Lincoln Inherits a Problem
The Struggle Begins
Lincoln Moves Toward a Decision
Trading Lives for Land and Money
The Executions
IX. Lincoln and Removal: “A Disagreeable Subject”
Money and Military Action
The Winnebago Removal
The Sioux Prisoners
The Sioux Removal
Lincoln and the Minnesota Indians
X. The President and the Reformers: “This Indian System Shall Be Reformed!”
The Commissioner and the Reformers
Bishop Whipple Begins His Campaign
Bishop Whipple Tries Again—with Lincoln
Bishop Whipple and the Congressmen
War and a Visit to the President
The Executions and Reform
Lincoln Supports Reform
XI. The Failure of Reform: “The Do Nothing Policy Here Is Complete”
Trouble for the Reform Movement
The Chippewa Treaty
Gen. John Pope and Indian Policy
The Triumph of Concentration
Congress Debates Indian Policy
Bishop Whipple Gives Up on Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln, Reformer?
XII. Concentration and Militarism: “Those Who Resist Should Be Pursued by the Military and Punished”
Dole and Concentration Policy
Militarism and Indians
Military Concentration in New Mexico
Militarism in Colorado
A Distracting Election Campaign
Sand Creek and the Discrediting of Military Control
XIII. Lincolnian Attitudes Toward Indians: “A Dying Race … Giving Place to Another Race with a Higher Civilization”
The Indian as Savage
Why Indians Are Degraded
Make Him Like a White Man
The Cornerstone of Civilization
Lincoln and the Agrarian Myth
Removal Ideology
The Advance of Civilization
Lincoln’s Program for the West
A Dying Race
Divided Minds over Indians
Reformers Fail to Break the Chain
XIV. Lincoln and the Indians: “A Great Revolution in the Conduct of Our Indian Affairs”
A Revolution?
Business as Usual in the Indian System
The Reaction to Sand Creek
Beyond Lincoln
Bibliography
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