History of Modern Europe · AD 1789-2013 by Rao, B.V. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Title Copyright Foreword Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Fifth Edition Contents 1. The Age of Reason: Impact of Science on Religion

Leibniz Deism Pietism Atheism Religious Tolerance Impact of Social Science History Scientific Materialism Sovereignty and Social Contract Legal and Constitutional Studies Joseph II , The Last Enlightened Despot Other Despots Enlightened Monarchy in France Declines Petticoat Government Arbitrary Nature of Bourbon Monarchy.

2. The French Revolution of 1789

Ancién Regime The Role of Philosophers Encyclopaedists and Physiocrats The Example of American Revolution Financial Crisis King Louis XVI States-General Tennis Court Oath Siege of the Bastille Peasant’s Revolt The Revolutionary Wars The National Convention Reign of Terror Reforms of National Convention Religion Socialist Experiments Two Decrees The Insurrection of Paris The Directory Conspiracy against the Directory Foreign Policy Aftermaths of the Revolution.

3. Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte

Italian Expedition Egyptian Campaign The Coup d’etat Reconquest of Italy The Treaty of Amiens The Renewal of War: Third Coalition Continental System Napoleon’s Hundred Days’ Causes of Napoleon’s Downfall.

4. Civilian Work of Napoleon

The Code Napoleon Bank of France Legion of Honour Concordat Trade and Commerce Public Works Education Reorganisation of Administration Colonisation.

5. Congress of Vienna

A Critical Appraisal.

6. Congress System under Metternich

Congress at Aix-la-Chapelle Political Unrest in Europe Congress of Troppau and Laibach Congress of Verona Failure of the Congress System.

7. French Monarchy after 1815

July Ordinances Orleans Monarchy in France Foreign Policy Electoral and Parliamentary Reforms.

8. Revolts in Central Europe (1848)

Hungarian Revolution Poland.

9. Unification of Italy

Italian National Movement Impact of 1830 Revolution Mazzini Uprisings in Italy Cavour Cavour’s Diplomacy The Franco-Sardinian War with Austria Garibaldi Annexation of Venetia Annexation of Rome.

10. Unification of Germany (1815-1871)

July Revolution of 1830 Bismarck and the Unification of Germany Foreign Policy War with Denmark Outcome of the War Franco-Prussian War Fall of the Second French Empire Treaty of Frankfurt Results of Franco-Prussian War.

11. Second Republic and Second Empire

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte The Constitution of the Second Empire The Court Life Foreign Policy Intervention in Italy The Mexican Imbroglio France and the Polish Insurrection Napoleon III and the Austro-Prussian War The Franco-Prussian War.

12. The Eastern Question

Greek War of Independence Syrian Question The Crimean War Causes of the Crimean War Results.

13. Russia during the 19th Century

Czar Alexander I Czar Nicholas I Czar Alexander II Reforms The Edict of Emancipation Polish Revolt Foreign Policy Czar Alexander III Czar Nicholas II.

14. Industrial Revolution and the Rise of Capitalism

Inventions Iron and Steel Steam Engine Factory System Transport and Communication Spread of Industrial Revolution Effects of Industrial Revolution Capitalist Class Social Consequences of Industrial Revolution Migration and Urbanisation Social Changes Rise of Socialism Rise of Modern Capitalism Growth of Industrial Capitalism.

15. The Third French Republic

The Revolt of the Paris Commune The Work of Thiers The Third French Republic General Boulanger Panama Scandal Dreyfus Case Achievements of the Republic The French Colonial Empire German Threat.

16. The German Empire under Bismarck (1871-1890)

Progress of Germany Military Strength Bismarck Diplomacy Isolates France Triple Alliance Russia Pacified Colonial Expansion of Germany Bismarck’s Home Policy The Kulturkampf May Laws Conflict with Socialists Socialism gains Popularity Resignation of Bismarck.

17. Focus on the Balkans

Congress of Berlin Consequences The Eastern Question The Italo-Turkish War First Balkan War The Treaty of London Second Balkan War.

18. New Imperialism

Demand for Raw Materials and Foodgrains Features of New Imperialism The Partition of Africa Anglo-French Rivalry in West Africa New Imperialism in Asia The Impact of the West on Japan South Asia: India, Burma and Ceylon Near East and Middle East.

19. The Great War

Extreme Nationalism Hostile Military Alliance Triple Alliance Triple Entente Economic Nationalism Tensions in Africa Balkan Crises Ferdinand Assassinated German Offensive Russia Routed Naval Battles German Defeat Results of the War Peace Treaties after the War.

20. The Russian Revolution (1917)

Anti-semitic Policy Foreign Policy Setbacks The 1905 Revolution Russia and World War I Abdication of the Czar Menshevik Government Rise of the Bolsheviks Vladimir Ulyanov (Nikolai Lenin) The New Economic Programme (NEP) Foreign Policy

21. League of Nations

Organs of the League of Nations Other Major Agencies of the League Achievements of the League of Nations Causes of the Failure of the League of Nations

22. The Search for Security in Europe

Locarno Pact Kellog-Briand Pact

23. Post-war Scenario in Europe

Post-war Germany Collapse of the Austrian Empire National Republic of Turkey Civil War in Spain and the Rise of General Franco

24. Fascist Italy

Career of Mussolini Fascist Party Fascist Dictatorship Benefits of Fascist Rule in Italy Mussolini’s Economic Policy Mussolini’s Foreign Policy

25. Dictatorship in the Soviet Union 26. World War II (1939-1945)

The Weimar Government Rise of Dictatorship League’s Failures Disarmament Conference Fails Anglo-French Policy of Appeasement The Rise of Nazi Germany under Hitler Hitler’s Opportunities to Rise to Power Germany’s Rearmament Germany’s withdrawal from the League Austria Forcibly United The Munich Pact Germany’s Attack on Poland North African Front Invasion of Normandy Hiroshima-Nagasaki Bombed Peace Treaties After World War II Results of World War II

27. Peace Plans of the Allies during the War 28. The United Nations

General Assembly Security Council The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) The Trusteeship Council The Secretariat The International Court of Justice Specialised Agencies The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) The Achievements of the United Nations Non-political Achievements

29. Post-war Era in Europe

Germany Japan Cold War

30. Recovery of Europe

Foreign Loans Fascist Spain The Italian Republic France Fall of the Fourth French Republic Pierre Mendes France Algerian Struggle for Independence De Gaulle and the Fifth French Republic Belgium The Netherlands Denmark Norway Finland Greece Neutral Countries Turkey West Germany Communist Russia as Superpower and Her Satellites Foreign Policy of the Soviet Union “Satellite” Communist States Decolonisation of Asia, Africa and the Middle East.

31. Europe since the Seventies

Britain West Germany France The USSR Russian Federation Italy Greece Portugal Spain Turkey Poland Czechoslovakia Hungary The German Democratic Republic Rumania Bulgaria Yugoslavia

32. The European Union

The Maastricht Treaty The Constitution The Council of Ministers The European Commission The European Parliament The European Court of Justice The Advent of Euro The European Central Bank The Lisbon Treaty The More Democratic and Transparent Europe A More Efficient Europe Freedom, Solidarity, Security, Rights and Values The EU in the Age of Globalisation Achievements so far Global Recession EU’s economic woes [2008-2010] – Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Italy.

33. Post Cold War Era: The Dawning of New Europe

The Federal Republic of GERMANY: Schroder’s re-election, Mrs. Angela Merkel THE UNITED KINGDOM: John Major, Tony Blair, Foreign Relations, Gordon Brown FRANCE: Mitterrand, Foreign Relations, Jacques Chirac Nicolas Sarkozy ITALY POLAND SPAIN THE CZECH REPUBLIC SERBIA & MONTENEGRO ROMANIA BULGARIA HUNGARY BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA TURKEY RUSSIA

General Bibliography Index

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