Mastering Go by Tsoukalos, Mihalis -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Title Page Copyright and Credits

Mastering Go

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Contributors

About the author About the reviewer Packt is searching for authors like you

Preface

Who this book is for What this book covers To get the most out of this book

Download the example code files Download the color images Conventions used

Get in touch

Reviews

Go and the Operating System

The structure of the book The history of Go Why learn Go? Go advantages

Is Go perfect?

What is a preprocessor?

The godoc utility

Compiling Go code Executing Go code Two Go rules

You either use a Go package or do not include it There is only one way to format curly braces

Downloading Go packages Unix stdin, stdout, and stderr About printing output Using standard output Getting user input About := and =

Reading from standard input Working with command-line arguments

About error output Writing to log files

Logging levels Logging facilities Log servers A Go program that sends information to log files About log.Fatal() About log.Panic()

Error handling in Go

The error data type Error handling

Additional resources Exercises Summary

Understanding Go Internals

The Go compiler Garbage Collection

The Tricolor algorithm More about the operation of the Go Garbage Collector Unsafe code About the unsafe package Another example of the unsafe package

Calling C code from Go

Calling C code from Go using the same file Calling C code from Go using separate files The C code The Go code Mixing Go and C code

Calling Go functions from C code

The Go package The C code

The defer keyword Panic and Recover

Using the panic function on its own

Two handy Unix utilities

The strace tool The dtrace tool

Your Go environment The Go Assembler Node Trees Learning more about go build General Go coding advices Additional Resources Exercises Summary

Working with Basic Go Data Types

Go loops

The for loop The while loop The range keyword Examples of Go for loops

Go arrays

Multi-dimensional arrays The shortcomings of Go arrays

Go slices

Performing basic operations on slices Slices are being expanded automatically Byte slices The copy() function Multidimensional slices Another example of slices Sorting slices using sort.slice()

Go maps

Storing to a nil map When you should use a map?

Go constants

The constant generator iota

Go pointers Dealing with times and dates

Working with times Parsing times Working with dates Parsing dates Changing date and time formats

Additional resources Exercises Summary

The Uses of Composite Types

About composite types Structures

Pointers to structures Using the new keyword

Tuples Regular expressions and pattern matching

Now for some theory A simple example A more advanced example Matching IPv4 addresses

Strings

What is a rune? The Unicode package The strings package

The switch statement Calculating Pi with great accuracy Developing a key/value store in Go Additional resources Exercises Summary

Enhancing Go Code with Data Structures

About graphs and nodes Algorithm complexity Binary trees in Go

Implementing a binary tree in Go Advantages of binary trees

Hash tables in Go

Implementing a hash table in Go Implementing the lookup functionality Advantages of hash tables

Linked lists in Go

Implementing a linked list in Go Advantages of linked lists

Doubly linked lists in Go

Implementing a doubly linked list in Go Advantages of doubly linked lists

Queues in Go

Implementing a queue in Go

Stacks in Go

Implementing a stack in Go

The container package

Using container/heap Using container/list Using container/ring

Generating random numbers

Generating random strings

Additional Resources Exercises Summary

What You Might Not Know About Go Packages

About Go packages About Go functions

Anonymous functions Functions that return multiple values The return values of a function can be named! Functions with pointer parameters Functions that return pointers Functions that return other functions Functions that accept other functions as parameters

Developing your own Go packages

Compiling a Go package Private variables and functions The init() function

Reading the Go code of a standard Go package

Exploring the code of the net/url package Looking at the Go code of the log/syslog package

Creating good Go packages The syscall package

Finding out how fmt.Println() really works

Text and HTML templates

Generating text output Constructing HTML output Basic SQLite3 commands

Additional resources Exercises Summary

Reflection and Interfaces for All Seasons

Type methods Go interfaces About type assertion Developing your own interfaces

Using a Go interface Using switch with interface and data types

Reflection

A simple Reflection example A more advanced reflection example The three disadvantages of reflection

Object-oriented programming in Go! Additional resources Exercises Summary

Telling a Unix System What to Do

About Unix processes The flag package The io.Reader and io.Writer interfaces

Buffered and unbuffered file input and output

The bufio package Reading text files

Reading a text file line by line Reading a text file word by word Reading a text file character by character Reading from /dev/random

Reading the amount of data you want from a file Why are we using binary format? Reading CSV files Writing to a file Loading and saving data on disk The strings package revisited About the bytes package File permissions Handling Unix signals

Handling two signals Handling all signals

Programming Unix pipes in Go

Implementing the cat(1) utility in Go

Traversing directory trees Using eBPF from Go About syscall.PtraceRegs Tracing system calls User ID and group ID Additional resources Exercises Summary

Go Concurrency – Goroutines, Channels, and Pipelines

About processes, threads, and goroutines

The Go scheduler Concurrency and parallelism

Goroutines

Creating a goroutine Creating multiple goroutines

Waiting for your goroutines to finish

What if the number of Add() and Done() calls do not agree?

Channels

Writing to a channel Reading from a channel Channels as function parameters

Pipelines Additional resources Exercises Summary

Go Concurrency – Advanced Topics

The Go scheduler revisited

The GOMAXPROCS environment variable

The select keyword Timing out a goroutine

Timing out a goroutine – take 1 Timing out a goroutine – take 2

Go channels revisited

Signal channels Buffered channels Nil channels Channel of channels Specifying the order of execution for your goroutines

Shared memory and shared variables

The sync.Mutex type

What happens if you forget to unlock a mutex?

The sync.RWMutex type Sharing memory using goroutines

Catching race conditions The context package

An advanced example of the context package Worker pools

Additional resources Exercises Summary

Code Testing, Optimization, and Profiling

The Go version used in this chapter

Comparing Go version 1.10 with Go version 1.9

Installing a beta or RC version of Go About optimization Optimizing Go code Profiling Go code

The net/http/pprof standard Go package A simple profiling example A convenient external package for profiling The web interface of the Go profiler

A profiling example that uses the web interface A quick introduction to Graphviz

The go tool trace utility Testing Go code

Writing tests for existing Go code

Benchmarking Go code A simple benchmarking example

A wrong benchmark function

Benchmarking buffered writing Finding unreachable Go code Cross-compilation Creating example functions Generating documentation Additional resources Exercises Summary

The Foundations of Network Programming in Go

About net/http, net, and http.RoundTripper

The http.Response type The http.Request type The http.Transport type

About TCP/IP About IPv4 and IPv6 The nc(1) command-line utility Reading the configuration of network interfaces Performing DNS lookups

Getting the NS records of a domain Getting the MX records of a domain

Creating a web server in Go

Profiling an HTTP server Creating a website in Go

HTTP tracing

Testing HTTP handlers

Creating a web client in Go

Making your Go web client more advanced

Timing out HTTP connections

More information about SetDeadline Setting the timeout period on the server side Yet another way to time out!

Wireshark and tshark tools Additional resources Exercises Summary

Network Programming – Building Servers and Clients

The net standard Go package A TCP client

A slightly different version of the TCP client

A TCP server

A slightly different version of the TCP server

A UDP client Developing a UDP server A concurrent TCP server

A handy concurrent TCP server

Remote Procedure Call (RPC)

The RPC client The RPC server

Doing low-level network programming

Grabbing raw ICMP network data

Where to go next? Additional resources Exercises Summary

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