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Index
Cover Page
An Introduction to Audio Description
Translation Practices Explained
Title
Copyright
Contents
List of Tables
How to use This Book
Acknowledgements
Glossary and Abbreviations
1 Introducing Audio Description
1.1 What is Audio Description?
1.2 Audio Description Within Audiovisual Translation
1.3 AD Within AVT
1.4 Meaning Making in AD
1.5 AD and Presence
1.6 Definitions of AD
1.7 Conclusion
1.8 Exercises and Points for Discussion
1.9 Suggested Reading
References
2 A Brief History, Legislation and Guidelines
2.1 Introduction
2.2 A Brief History
2.3 The Legal Background
2.4 Non-Broadcast TV
2.5 AD in Practice
2.6 Guidelines
2.7 Conclusion
2.8 Exercises and Points for Discussion
References
3 Putting the Audio into Audio Description
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Visual Information Stream
3.3 The Auditory Information Stream
3.4 Cognitive Load
3.5 Sound Effects
3.6 Exercises and Points for Discussion
3.7 Translating Music
3.8 Finding the ‘Gaps’
3.9 The When of AD
3.10 Conclusion
3.11 Suggested Reading
References
4 The Audience for Audio Description
4.1 Introduction
4.2 What is Blindness?
4.3 Age and Blindness
4.4 A Model of Visual Processing
4.5 A Cognitive Model of AD
4.6 Exercises and Points for Discussion
4.7 What Do AD Users Want From AD?
4.8 Conclusion
4.9 Exercises and Points for Discussion
4.10 Suggested Reading
References
5 Audio Description Skills: Writing
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The What of AD
5.3 Word Choice
5.4 Sound Symbolism
5.5 Sight-Specific References
5.6 Creative Use of Language
5.7 Cues and Notes
5.8 Conclusion
5.9 Exercises and Points for Discussion
References
6 Audio Description Skills: Script Preparation
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Screen Software
6.3 Live Scripting Strategies
6.4 Common Scripting Faults
6.5 Exercises
6.6 Discussion Points
6.7 The Process
6.8 Conclusion
References
7 Audio Description Skills: Delivery
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Delivery and Prosody
7.3 Preparing the Voice
7.4 Recording
7.5 Live Delivery
7.6 Conclusion
7.7 Exercises and Points for Discussion
7.8 Suggested Reading
References
8 Beyond the Basics: Audio Description by Genre
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Genre and Suitability of AD
8.3 Movie Genres
8.4 Intertextuality
8.5 Factual Programmes
8.6 Soaps and Serials
8.7 Children’s Programmes
8.8 Genre and Live Performance
8.9 Conclusion
8.10 Exercises and Points for Discussion
References
9 Beyond the Basics: Text on Screen
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Tops and Tails
9.3 Text on Screen and Delivery
9.4 AD and Voice-Over
9.5 Text and Live Events
9.6 Multilingualism
9.7 Simultaneity and Asynchrony
9.8 End Credits
9.9 Conclusion
9.10 Exercises and Points for Discussion
References
10 Beyond the Basics: Accessible Filmmaking and Describing Camerawork
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The Language of Cinema
10.3 Cinematic Audio Description
10.4 AD and the Artistic Team
10.5 Auteur Description
10.6 Conclusion
10.7 Exercises and Points for Discussion
References
11 Audio Description and Censorship
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Language
11.3 Sex and AD
11.4 Blood and Gore
11.5 Positive Aspects of Censorship
11.6 Political Correctness: Describing Race and Disability
11.7 Conclusion
11.8 Exercises and Points for Discussion
References
12 Audio Introductions
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Audio Introductions and Timing
12.3 Sensitive Material
12.4 The What of Audio Introductions
12.5 The Process
12.6 Cross Referencing
12.7 Synopses
12.8 Conclusion
12.9 Exercises and Points for Discussion
References
13 Contentious Issues and Future Directions in Audio Description
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Objectivity and Subjectivity
13.3 Describing Facial Expression
13.4 Reinforcement, Repetition and Redundancy
13.5 AD and Persistence
13.6 Topics for Future Research
13.7 Conclusion
13.8 Exercises and Points for Discussion
References
14 Afterword
14.1 What is Audio Description, Revisited
14.2 Conclusion
Appendix 1: Answers to Chapter 1, exercise 3
Appendix 2: Like Rabbits AD Script
Index
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