The Physics Book by Pickover, Clifford A. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

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Index

Cover Page Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Introduction Acknowledgments SETTING THE STAGE

13.7 Billion B.C. Big Bang 3 Billion B.C. Black Diamonds 2 Billion B.C. Prehistoric Nuclear Reactor

THE DISCOVERIES

30,000 B.C. Atlatl 20,000 B.C. Boomerang 3000 B.C. Sundial 2500 B.C. Truss 1850 B.C. Arch 1000 B.C. Olmec Compass 341 B.C. Crossbow 250 B.C. Baghdad Battery 250 B.C. Siphon 250 B.C. Archimedes’ Principle of Buoyancy 250 B.C. Archimedean Screw 240 B.C. Eratosthenes Measures the Earth 230 B.C. Pulley 212 B.C. Archimedes’ Burning Mirrors 125 B.C. Antikythera Mechanism 50 Hero’s Jet Engine 50 Gears 78 St. Elmo’s Fire 1132 Cannon 1150 Perpetual Motion Machines 1200 Trebuchet 1304 Explaining the Rainbow 1338 Hourglass 1543 Sun-Centered Universe 1596 Mysterium Cosmographicum 1600 De Magnete 1608 Telescope 1609 Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion 1610 Discovery of Saturn’s Rings 1611 Kepler’s “Six-Cornered Snowfake” 1620 Triboluminescence 1621 Snell’s Law of Refraction 1621 Aurora Borealis 1638 Acceleration of Falling Objects 1643 Barometer 1644 Conservation of Momentum 1660 Hooke’s Law of Elasticity 1660 Von Guericke’s Electrostatic Generator 1662 Boyle’s Gas Law 1665 Micrographia 1669 Amontons’ Friction 1672 Measuring the Solar System 1672 Newton’s Prism 1673 Tautochrone Ramp 1687 Newton’s Laws of Motion and Gravitation 1687 Newton as Inspiration 1711 Tuning Fork 1728 Escape Velocity 1738 Bernoulli’s Law of Fluid Dynamics 1744 Leyden Jar 1752 Ben Franklin’s Kite 1761 Black Drop Effect 1766 Bode’s Law of Planetary Distances 1777 Lichtenberg Figures 1779 Black Eye Galaxy 1783 Black Holes 1785 Coulomb’s Law of Electrostatics 1787 Charles’ Gas Law 1796 Nebular Hypothesis 1798 Cavendish Weighs the Earth 1800 Battery 1801 Wave Nature of Light 1803 Henry’s Gas Law 1807 Fourier Analysis 1808 Atomic Theory 1811 Avogadro’s Gas Law 1814 Fraunhofer Lines 1814 Laplace’s Demon 1815 Brewster’s Optics 1816 Stethoscope 1822 Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction 1823 Olbers’ Paradox 1824 Greenhouse Effect 1824 Carnot Engine 1825 Ampère’s Law of Electromagnetism 1826 Rogue Waves 1827 Ohm’s Law of Electricity 1827 Brownian Motion 1829 Graham’s Law of Effusion 1831 Faraday’s Laws of Induction 1834 Soliton 1835 Gauss and the Magnetic Monopole 1838 Stellar Parallax 1839 Fuel Cell 1840 Poiseuille’s Law of Fluid Flow 1840 Joule’s Law of Electric Heating 1841 Anniversary Clock 1841 Fiber Optics 1842 Doppler Effect 1843 Conservation of Energy 1844 I-Beams 1845 Kirchhoff’s Circuit Laws 1846 Discovery of Neptune 1850 Second Law of Thermodynamics 1850 Ice Slipperiness 1851 Foucault’s Pendulum 1851 Stokes’ Law of Viscosity 1852 Gyroscope 1852 Stokes’ Fluorescence 1857 Buys-Ballot’s Weather Law 1859 Kinetic Theory 1861 Maxwell’s Equations 1864 Electromagnetic Spectrum 1866 Surface Tension 1866 Dynamite 1867 Maxwell’s Demon 1868 Discovery of Helium 1870 Baseball Curveball 1871 Rayleigh Scattering 1873 Crookes Radiometer 1875 Boltzmann’s Entropy Equation 1878 Incandescent Light Bulb 1879 Plasma 1879 Hall Effect 1880 Piezoelectric Effect 1880 War Tubas 1882 Galvanometer 1882 Green Flash 1887 Michelson-Morley Experiment 1889 Birth of the Kilogram 1889 Birth of the Meter 1890 Eötvös’ Gravitational Gradiometry 1891 Tesla Coil 1892 Thermos 1895 X-rays 1895 Curie’s Magnetism Law 1896 Radioactivity 1897 Electron 1898 Mass Spectrometer 1900 Blackbody Radiation Law 1901 Clothoid Loop 1903 Black Light 1903 Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation 1904 Lorentz Transformation 1905 Special Theory of Relativity 1905 E = mc2 1905 Photoelectric Effect 1905 Golf Ball Dimples 1905 Third Law of Thermodynamics 1906 Vacuum Tube 1908 Geiger Counter 1909 Bremsstrahlung 1910 Cosmic Rays 1911 Superconductivity 1911 Atomic Nucleus 1911 Kármán Vortex Street 1911 Wilson Cloud Chamber 1912 Cepheid Variab154les Measure the Universe 1912 Bragg’s Law of Crystal Diffraction 1913 Bohr Atom 1913 Millikan Oil Drop Experiment 1915 General Theory of Relativity 1919 String Theory 1921 Einstein as Inspiration 1922 Stern-Gerlach Experiment 1923 Neon Signs 1923 Compton Effect 1924 De Broglie Relation 1925 Pauli Exclusion Principle 1926 Schrödinger’s Wave Equation 1927 Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle 1927 Complementarity Principle 1927 Hypersonic Whipcracking 1928 Dirac Equation 1928 Quantum Tunneling 1929 Hubble’s Law of Cosmic Expansion 1929 Cyclotron 1931 White Dwarfs and Chandrasekhar Limit 1931 Jacob’s Ladder 1932 Neutron 1932 Antimatter 1933 Dark Matter 1933 Neutron Stars 1934 Cherenkov Radiation 1934 Sonoluminescence 1935 EPR Paradox 1935 Schrödinger’s Cat 1937 Superfuids 1938 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1942 Energy from the Nucleus 1943 Silly Putty 1945 Drinking Bird 1945 Little Boy Atomic Bomb 1946 Stellar Nucleosynthesis 1947 Transistor 1947 Sonic Booms 1947 Hologram 1948 Quantum Electrodynamics 1948 Tensegrity 1948 Casimir Effect 1949 Time Travel 1949 Radiocarbon Dating 1950 Fermi Paradox 1954 Solar Cells 1955 Leaning Tower of Lire 1955 Seeing the Single Atom 1955 Atomic Clocks 1956 Parallel Universes 1956 Neutrinos 1956 Tokamak 1958 Integrated Circuit 1959 Dark Side of the Moon 1960 Dyson Sphere 1960 Laser 1960 Terminal Velocity 1961 Anthropic Principle 1961 Standard Model 1962 Electromagnetic Pulse 1963 Chaos Theory 1963 Quasars 1963 Lava Lamp 1964 The God Particle 1964 Quarks 1964 CP Violation 1964 Bell’s Theorem 1965 Super Ball 1965 Cosmic Microwave Background 1967 Gamma-Ray Bursts 1967 Living in a Simulation 1967 Tachyons 1967 Newton’s Cradle 1967 Metamaterials 1969 Unilluminable Rooms 1971 Supersymmetry 1980 Cosmic Infation 1981 Quantum Computers 1982 Quasicrystals 1984 Theory of Everything 1985 Buckyballs 1987 Quantum Immortality 1987 Self-Organized Criticality 1988 Wormhole Time Machine 1990 Hubble Telescope 1992 Chronology Protection Conjecture 1993 Quantum Teleportation 1993 Stephen Hawking on Star Trek 1995 Bose-Einstein Condensate 1998 Dark Energy 1999 Randall-Sundrum Branes 1999 Fastest Tornado Speed 2007 HAARP 2008 Blackest Black 2009 Large Hadron Collider

CLOSING THE CURTAIN

36 Billion Cosmological Big Rip 100 Billion Cosmic Isolation 100 Trillion Universe Fades >100 Trillion Quantum Resurrection

Notes and Further Reading Index Photo Credits About the Author

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