[Gutenberg 29054] • Orthodoxy: Its Truths And Errors by Clarke, James Freeman -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Contents Preface. Chapter I. Introduction.

§ 1. Object and Character of this Book. § 2. Progress requires that we should look back as well as forward. § 3. Orthodoxy as Right Belief. § 4. Orthodoxy as the Doctrine of the Majority. Objections. § 5. Orthodoxy as the Oldest Doctrine. Objections. § 6. Orthodoxy as the Doctrine held by all. § 7. Orthodoxy, as a Formula, not to be found. § 8. Orthodoxy as Convictions underlying Opinions. § 9. Substantial Truth and Formal Error in all great Doctrinal Systems. § 10. Importance of this Distinction. § 11. The Orthodox and Liberal Parties in New England.

Chapter II. The Principle And Idea Of Orthodoxy Stated And Examined.

§ 1. The Principle of Orthodoxy defined. § 2. Logical Genesis of the Principle of Orthodoxy. § 3. Orthodoxy assumed to be the Belief of the Majority. § 4. Heterodoxy thus becomes sinful. § 5. The Doctrine of Essentials and Non-essentials leads to Rome. § 6. Fallacy in this Orthodox Argument. § 7. The three Tendencies in the Church. § 8. The Party of Works. § 9. The Party of Emotion in Christianity. § 10. The Faith Party in Religion. § 11. Truth in the Orthodox Idea. § 12. Error in the Orthodox Principle. § 13. Faith, Knowledge, Belief, Opinion.

Chapter III. The Orthodox Idea Of Natural And Revealed Religion; Or, Naturalism And Supernaturalism.

§ 1. Meaning of Natural and Supernatural. § 2. The Creation Supernatural. § 3. The Question stated. § 4. Argument of the Supernaturalist from successive Geologic Creations. § 5. Supernatural Argument from Human Freedom. § 6. Supernatural Events not necessarily Violations of Law. § 7. Life and History contain Supernatural Events. § 8. The Error of Orthodox Supernaturalism. § 9. No Conflict between Naturalism and Supernaturalism. § 10. Further Errors of Orthodox Supernaturalism—Gulf between Christianity and all other Religions. § 11. Christianity considered unnatural, as well as supernatural by being made hostile to the Nature of Man.

Chapter IV. Truths And Errors As Regards Miracles.

§ 1. The Subject stated. Four Questions concerning Miracles. § 2. The Definition of a Miracle. § 3. The different Explanations of the Miracles of the Bible. § 4. Criticism on these Different Views of Miracles. § 5. Miracles no Proof of Christianity. § 6. But Orthodoxy is right in maintaining their Reality as Historic Facts. § 7. Analogy with other Similar Events recorded in History. § 8. Miracle of the Resurrection. Sceptical Objections. § 9. Final Result of this Examination.

Chapter V. Orthodox Idea Of The Inspiration And Authority Of The Bible.

§ 1. Subject of this Chapter. Three Views concerning the Bible. § 2. The Difficulty. Antiquity of the World, and Age of Mankind. § 3. Basis of the Orthodox Theory of Inspiration. § 4. Inspiration in general, or Natural Inspiration. § 5. Christian or Supernatural Inspiration. § 6. Inspiration of the Scriptures, especially of the New Testament Scriptures. § 7. Authority of the Scriptures. § 8. The Christian Prepossession. § 9. Conclusion.

Chapter VI. Orthodox Idea Of Sin, As Depravity And As Guilt.

§ 1. The Question stated. § 2. The four Moments or Characters of Evil. The Fall, Natural Depravity, Total Depravity, Inability. § 3. Orthodox and Liberal View of Man, as morally diseased or otherwise. § 4. Sin as Disease. § 5. Doctrine of the Fall in Adam, and Natural Depravity. Their Truth and Error. § 6. Examination of Romans, 5:12-21. § 7. Orthodox View of Total Depravity and Inability. § 8. Proof Texts. § 9. Truth in the Doctrine of Total Depravity. § 10. Ability and Inability. § 11. Orthodox Doctrine of Inability. § 12. Some further Features of Orthodox Theology concerning Human Sinfulness.

Chapter VII. Conversion And Regeneration.

§ 1. Orthodoxy recognizes only two Conditions in which Man can be found. § 2. Crisis and Development. § 3. Nature of the Change. § 4. Its Reality and Importance. § 5. Is it the Work of God, or of the Man himself? Orthodox Difficulty. § 6. Solved by the Distinction between Conversion and Regeneration. § 7. Men may be divided, religiously, into three Classes, not two. § 8. Difference between Conversion and Regeneration. § 9. Unsatisfactory Attitude of the Orthodox Church. § 10. The Essential Thing for Man is to repent and be converted; that is, to make it his Purpose to obey God in all Things. § 11. Regeneration is God's Work in the Soul. Examination of the Classical Passage, or conversation of Jesus with Nicodemus. § 12. Evidences of Regeneration.

Chapter VIII. The Orthodox Idea Of The Son Of God.

§ 1. Orthodox Doctrine stated. § 2. This Doctrine gradually developed. § 3. Unitarian Objections. § 4. Substantial Truth in this Doctrine. § 5. Formal Error of the Orthodox Statement. § 6. Errors of Arianism and Naturalism.

Chapter IX. Justification By Faith.

§ 1. This Doctrine of Paul not obsolete. § 2. Its Meaning and Importance. § 3. Need of Justification for the Conscience. § 4. Reaction of Sin on the Soul. § 5. Different Methods of obtaining Forgiveness. § 6. Method in Christianity. § 7. Result. § 8. Its History in the Church. § 9. Orthodox Errors, at the present Time, in Regard to Justification by Faith. § 10. Errors of Liberal Christians.

Chapter X. Orthodox Idea Of The Atonement.

§ 1. Confusion in the Orthodox Statement. § 2. Great Importance attributed to this Doctrine. § 3. Stress laid on the Death of Jesus in the Scripture. § 4. Difficulty in interpreting these Scripture Passages. § 5. Theological Theories based on the Figurative Language of the New Testament. § 6. The three principal Views of the Atonement—warlike, legal, and governmental. § 7. Impression made by Christ's Death on the Minds of his Disciples. First Theory on the Subject in the Epistle to the Hebrews. § 8. Value of Suffering as a Means of Education. § 9. The Human Conscience suggests the Need of some Satisfaction in order to our Forgiveness. § 10. How the Death of Jesus brings Men to God. § 11. This Law of Vicarious Suffering universal. § 12. This Law illustrated from History—in the Death of Socrates, Joan of Arc, Savonarola, and Abraham Lincoln. § 13. Dr. Bushnell's View of the Atonement. § 14. Results of this Discussion.

Chapter XI. Calling, Election, And Reprobation.

§ 1. Orthodox Doctrine. § 2. Scripture Basis for this Doctrine. § 3. Relation of the Divine Decree to Human Freedom. § 4. History of the Doctrine of Election and Predestination. § 5. Election is to Work and Opportunity here, not to Heaven hereafter. How Jacob was elected, and how the Jews were a Chosen People. § 6. How other Nations were elected and called. § 7. How different Denominations are elected. § 8. How Individuals are elected. § 9. How Jesus was elected to be the Christ. § 10. Other Illustrations of Individual Calling and Election.

Chapter XII. Immortality And The Resurrection.

§ 1. Orthodox Doctrine. § 2. The Doctrine of Immortality as taught by Reason, the Instinctive Consciousness, and Scripture. § 3. The Three Principal Views of Death—the Pagan, Jewish, and Christian. § 4. Eternal Life, as taught in the New Testament, not endless Future Existence, but present Spiritual Life. § 5. Resurrection, and its real Meaning, as a Rising up, and not a Rising again. § 6. Resurrection of the Body, as taught in the New Testament, not a Rising again of the same Body, but the Ascent into a higher Body.

Chapter XIII. Christ's Coming, Usually Called The “Second Coming,” And Christ The Judge Of The World.

§ 1. The Coming of Christ is not wholly future, not wholly outward, not local, nor material. § 2. No Second Coming of Christ is mentioned in Scripture. § 3. Were the Apostles mistaken in expecting a speedy Coming of Christ? § 4. Examination of the Account of Christ's Coming given by Jesus in Matthew (chapters 24-26). § 5. Coming of Christ in Human History at different Times. § 6. Relation of the Parable of the Virgins, and of the Talents, to Christ's Coming. § 7. Relation of the Account of the Judgment by the Messiah, in Matt. ch. 25, to his Coming. § 8. How Christ is, and how he is not, to judge the World. § 9. When Christ's Judgment takes Place. § 10. Paul's View of the Judgment by Christ. § 11. Final Result.

Chapter XIV. Eternal Punishment, Annihilation, Universal Restoration.

§ 1. Different Views concerning the Condition of the Impenitent hereafter. § 2. The Doctrine of Everlasting Punishment, as held by the Orthodox at the Present Time. § 3. Apparent Contradictions, both in Scripture and Reason, in Regard to this Doctrine. § 4. Everlasting Punishment limits the Sovereignty of God. § 5. Everlasting Punishment contradicts the Fatherly Love of God. § 6. Attempts to modify and soften the Doctrine of Everlasting Punishment. § 7. The meaning of Eternal Punishment in Scripture. § 8. How Judgment by Christ is connected with Punishment. § 9. The Doctrine of Annihilation. § 10. The Doctrine of Universal Restoration.

Chapter XV. The Christian Church.

§ 1. The Question stated. § 2. Orthodox Doctrine of the Church—Roman Catholic and High Church. § 3. The Protestant Orthodox Idea of the Church. § 4. Christ's Idea of a Church, or the Kingdom of Heaven. § 5. Church of the Leaven, or the Invisible Church. § 6. The Church of the Mustard-seed. § 7. Primitive and Apostolic Church, or Church as it was. § 8. The Actual Church, or the Church as it is. § 9. The Church Ideal, or Church as it ought to be. § 10. The Church Possible, or Church as it can be.

Chapter XVI. The Trinity.

§ 1. Definition of the Church Doctrine. § 2. History of the Doctrine. § 3. Errors in the Church Doctrine of the Trinity. § 4. The Trinity of Manifestations founded in the Truth of Things. § 5. It is in Harmony with Scripture. § 6. Practical value of the Trinity, when rightly understood.

Appendix. Critical Notices.

§ 1. On the Defence of Nescience in Theology, by Herbert Spencer and Henry L. Mansel. § 2. On the Defence of Verbal Inspiration by Gaussen. § 3. Defence of the Doctrine that Sin is a Nature, by Professor Shedd. § 4. Defence of Everlasting Punishment, by Dr. Nehemiah Adams and Dr. J. P. Thompson. § 5. Defence of the Trinity, by Frederick D. Huntington, D. D.

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