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Index
Cover
Title Page
Dedication
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Book One: A Sovereign Profession: The Rise of Medical Authority and the Shaping of the Medical System
Introduction: The Social Origins of Professional Sovereignty
The Roots of Authority
Dependence and Legitimacy
Cultural Authority and Occupational Control
Steps in a Transformation
The Growth of Medical Authority
From Authority to Economic Power
Strategic Position and the Defense of Autonomy
Chapter One: Medicine in a Democratic Culture, 1760–1850
Domestic Medicine
Professional Medicine
From England to America
Professional Education on an Open Market
The Frustration of Professionalism
The Medical Counterculture
Popular Medicine
The Thomsonians and the Frustration of Anti-Professionalism
The Eclipse of Legitimate Complexity
Chapter Two: The Expansion of the Market
The Emerging Market Before the Civil War
The Changing Ecology of Medical Practice
The Local Transportation Revolution
Work, Time, and the Segregation of Disorder
The Market and Professional Autonomy
Chapter Three: The Consolidation of Professional Authority, 1850–1930
Physicians and Social Structure in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America
Class
Status
Powerlessness
Medicine’s Civil War And Reconstruction
The Origins of Medical Sectarianism
Conflict and Convergence
Licensing and Organization
Medical Education and the Restoration of Occupational Control
Reform from Above
Consolidating the System
The Aftermath of Reform
The Retreat of Private Judgment
Authority over Medication
Ambiguity and Competence
The Renewal of Legitimate Complexity
Chapter Four: The Reconstitution of the Hospital
The Inner Transformation
Hospitals Before and After 1870
The Making of the Modern Hospital
The Triumph of the Professional Community
The Pattern of the Hospital System
Class, Politics, and Ethnicity
The Peculiar Bureaucracy
Chapter Five: The Boundaries of Public Health
Public Health, Private Practice
The Dispensary and the Limits of Charity
Health Departments and the Limits of Government
From Reform to the Checkup
The Modernization of Dirt and the New Public Health
The Prevention of Health Centers
Chapter Six: Escape from the Corporation, 1900–1930
Professional Resistance to Corporate Control
Company Doctors and Medical Companies
Consumers’ Clubs
The Origins and Limits of Private Group Practice
Capitalism and the Doctors
Why No Corporate Enterprise in Medical Care?
Professionalism and the Division of Labor
The Economic Structure of American Medicine
Book Two: The Struggle for Medical Care: Doctors, the State, and the Coming of the Corporation
Chapter One: The Mirage of Reform
A Comparative Perspective
The Origins of Social Insurance
Why America Lagged
Grand Illusions, 1915–1920
The Democratization of Efficiency
Labor and Capital Versus Reform
Defeat Comes to the Progressives
Evolution in Defeat, 1920–1932
The New Deal and Health Insurance, 1932–1943
The Making of Social Security
The Depression, Welfare Medicine, and the Doctors
A Second Wind
Symbolic Politics, 1943–1950
Socialized Medicine and the Cold War
Three Times Denied
Chapter Two: The Triumph of Accommodation
The Birth of the Blues, 1929–1945
The Emergence of Blue Cross
Holding the Line
The Physicians’ Shield
The Rise of Private Social Security, 1945–1959
Enter the Unions
A Struggle for Control
The Growth of Prepaid Group Practice
The Commercial Edge
The Accommodation of Insurance
Chapter Three: The Liberal Years
Aid and Autonomy, 1945–1960
Public Investment in Science
The Tilt Toward the Hospital
The Structural Impact of Postwar Policy
The New Structure of Opportunity
The New Structure of Power
Redistribution Without Reorganization, 1961–1969
The Liberal Opportunity
Redistributive Reform and Its Impact
The Politics of Accommodation
Chapter Four: End of a Mandate
Losing Legitimacy, 1970–1974
Discovery of a Crisis
The Contradictions of Accommodation
The Generalization of Rights
The Conservative Assimilation of Reform
Health Policy in a Blocked Society, 1975–1980
An Obstructed Path
The Generalization of Doubt
The Liberal Impasse
The Reprivatization of the Public Household
Chapter Five: The Coming of the Corporation
Zero-Sum Medical Practice
The Doctor “Surplus” and Competition
Collision Course
The Growth of Corporate Medicine
Elements of the Corporate Transformation
The Consolidation of the Hospital System
The Decomposition of Voluntarism
The Trajectory of Organization
Doctors, Corporations, and the State
Notes
Index
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