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Index
Preface
Explanatory Note
Chronology
Contributors
PART FOUR
The Tokugawa Peace
20. Ieyasu and the Founding of the Tokugawa Shogunate (Willem Boot)
Code for the Warrior Households
Code for the Imperial Court and Court Nobility
Ieyasu’s Revenge and Compassion
Tales from Mikawa
Account of Tokugawa
Letter from Honda Masazumi and Konchiin S ū den to Katagiri Katsumoto
Letter from Toyotomi Hideyori to Shimazu Iehisa
The Reasons for Ieyasu’s Frugality
A Story Illustrating Ieyasu’s Frugality
Letter from Konchiin S ū den
The Story of the Miike Sword
The Reign of Emperor Go-Daigo
21. Confucianism in the Early Tokugawa Period (Willem Boot)
Fujiwara Seika and the Rise of Neo-Confucianism
‘‘The Four Landscapes Are Mine’’
Letter to the Korean Scholar Kang Hang
Fujiwara Seika’s New/Old Learning
Letter to the Head of Annam
The Meeting of Minds
Teachings of Zhu Xi Brought to Japan
Digest of the Great Learning
Hayashi Razan
On Meeting with Ieyasu
The Investigation of Things
The Sagely Ideal Versus Practical Compromise
Responses to Questions by Ieyasu
‘‘The Three Virtues’’
The Later History of the Hayashi Family School
The Way of Heaven
The Learning of the Mind-and-Heart and the Five Human Relationships
The Way of Heaven
Principles of Human Nature, in Vernacular Japanese
22. The Spread of Neo-Confucianism in Japan
Yamazaki Ansai and Zhu Xi Studies (Barry Steben)
Reverence and Rightness (Duty)
Lecture Concerning the Chapters on the Divine Age
Anecdotes Concerning Yamazaki Ansai
A Question of Loyalties
Yamazaki Ansai and His Three Pleasures
Asami Keisai
Treatise on the Concept of the Middle Kingdom
Sat ō Naokata
Collected Arguments on the Concept of the Middle Kingdom
The Mito School (Barry Steben)
Tokugawa Tsunaeda
Preface to the History of Great Japan
Asaka Tanpaku
Appraisal [Appended] to the Chronology of Emperor Go-Daigo
Kaibara Ekken: Human Nature and the Study of Nature (Mary Evelyn Tucker)
Elementary Learning for Children
Record of Great Doubts
The Ō y ō mei (Wang Yangming) School in Japan (Barry Steben)
Nakae T ō ju
Control of the Mind Is True Learning
Dialogue with an Old Man
The Divine Light in the Mind
The Supreme Lord and God of Life
Kumazawa Banzan: Confucian Practice in Seventeenth-Century Japan (Ian James McMullen)
The Way and Methods
The Categories of Morality
The Transmission of the Way to Japan in Early Antiquity
Buddhism
Deforestation
The Relevance of Ritual to Modern Times
The Economy
Questions on the Great Learning
Nakae T ō ju’s Successors in the Ō y ō mei School (Barry Steben)
Fuchi K ō zan
Innate Knowledge (Filiality) as the Essential Life Force
Miwa Shissai
Everyday Method of the Mind
Regarding Wang Yangming’s ‘‘Four Maxims’’
23. The Evangelic Furnace: Japan’s First Encounter with the West (J. S. A. Elisonas)
European Documents
A Christian Critique of Shinto
A Summary of the Errors in Which the Heathen of Japan Live and of Some Heathen Sects on Which They Principally Rely
Alexandro Valignano’s Japanese Mission Policy
Summary of Japanese Matters
A Jesuit Priest’s Observations of Women
Jesus Maria
Japanese Documents
The Anti-Christian Edicts of Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Notice
Decree
Letter to the Viceroy of India
Statement on the Expulsion of the Bateren
Fabian Fucan Pro and Contra
The My ō tei Dialogue
Deus Destroyed
A Buddhist Refutation of Christianity
Christians Demolished: Tract and Glosses
24. Confucian Revisionists (Wm. Theodore de Bary and John A. Tucker)
Fundamentalism and Revisionism in the Critique of Neo-Confucianism
Yamaga Sok ō and the Civilizing of the Samurai (John A. Tucker)
Preface to the Elementary Learning for Samurai
The Way of the Samurai
Short Preface to the Essential Teachings of the Sages
Essential Teachings of the Sages
An Autobiography in Exile
It ō Jinsai’s School of Ancient Meanings (John A. Tucker)
The Meaning of Terms in the Analects and Mencius
Ogy ū Sorai and the Return to the Classics
The Confucian Way as a Way of Government
Distortion of the Way Through Ignorance of the Past
Distinguishing Terms
Conclusion to Discourses on Government
For a Merit System in Government
Settlement on the Land
Muro Ky ū s ō ’s Defense of Neo-Confucianism
In Defense of Zhu Xi’s Neo-Confucianism
Economics and Traditional Values
The People Should Be as Heaven to the King
25. Varieties of Neo-Confucian Education
Principles of Education
Yamazaki Ansai
Preface to the Collected Commentaries on Zhu Xi’s Regulations of the White Deer Grotto Academy
Regulations of the White Deer Grotto Academy
Kaibara Ekken (Mary Evelyn Tucker)
Precepts for Daily Life in Japan
‘‘The Great Learning for Women’’
The Shizutani School (Mary Evelyn Tucker)
Regulations of the Shizutani School
The Merchant Academy of Kaitokud ō (Tetsuo Najita)
Lecture on the Early Chapters of the Analects and Mencius
Items of Understanding,
Items of Understanding,
Ogy ū Sorai’s Approach to Learning (Richard Minear)
Learning Principles
Hirose Tans ō ’s School System (Marleen Kassel)
Roundabout Words
26. Popular Instruction
Ishida Baigan’s Learning of the Mind and the Way of the Merchant (Janine Sawada)
City and Country Dialogues
The House Codes of Tokugawa Merchant Families
The Testament of Shimai S ō shitsu
The Code of the Okaya House
Ihara Saikaku
The Japanese Family Storehouse
Mitsui Takafusa
Some Observations About Merchants
Muro Ky ū s ō
The General Sense of the Extended Meaning of the Six Precepts
Hosoi Heish ū
Sermon, December 14,
How to Behave at Temple Schools
Precepts for the Young
27. The Vocabulary of Japanese Aesthetics III (Donald Keene)
Chikamatsu Monzaemon
On Realism in Art
Yosaku from Tanba
28. Haiku and the Democracy of Poetry as a Popular Art (Donald Keene)
Matsuo Bash ō
The Rustic Gate
Kyorai’s Conversations with Bash ō
Issa
29. ‘‘Dutch Learning’’ (Grant Goodman)
Engelbert Kaempfer
Account of Visits to Edo
Sugita Genpaku
The Beginnings of Dutch Learning
Ō tsuki Gentaku
Misunderstandings About the Dutch
Shiba K ō kan
Discussing Western Painting
30. Eighteenth-Century Rationalism
Arai Hakuseki’s Confucian Perspective on Government and Society (Kate Nakai)
The Function of Rites
The Evolution of Japanese History
Views on the Course of History
Hakuseki’s View of Christianity and the West
Tidings of the West
Hakuseki’s Approach to Fiscal Policy and Trade
Musings by a Brushwood Fire
Tominaga Nakamoto’s Historical Relativism
Testament of an Old Man
Discourses After Emerging from Meditation
And ō Sh ō eki’s Ecological Community
The Natural Way of True Self-Operation
Miura Baien’s Search for a New Logic (Rosemary Mercer)
‘‘The Origin of Price’’
Deep Words
Baien’s System of ‘‘Logic’’
Space and Time
Heaven-and-Earth Is the Teacher
J ō ri and Science
Kaiho Seiry ō and the Laws of Economics
The Law of the Universe: Commodities Transactions
31. The Way of the Warrior II
The Debate over the Ak ō Vendetta (John A. Tucker and Barry Steben)
Okado Denpachir ō
Memorandum
Religious Nuances of the Ak ō Case (John A. Tucker and Barry Steben)
Hayashi Razan
‘‘Loyal Retainers and Righteous Warriors’’
Hayashi H ō k ō
‘‘On Revenge’’
Muro Ky ū s ō
Preface to Records of the Righteous Men of Ak ō Domain
Ogy ū Sorai
‘‘Essay on the Forty-seven Samurai’’
Sat ō Naokata
Notes on the Forty-six Men
Asami Keisai
‘‘Essay on the Forty-six Samurai’’
Dazai Shundai
‘‘Essay on the Forty-six Samurai of Ak ō Domain’’
Goi Ransh ū
Refutation of Dazai Shundai’s ‘‘Essay on the Forty-six Samurai of Ak ō Domain’’
Fukuzawa Yukichi
An Encouragement of Learning
The Ak ō Vendetta Dramatized (Donald Keene)
The Treasury of Loyal Retainers
Hagakure and the Way of the Samurai (Barry Steben)
In the Shadow of Leaves
32. The National Learning Schools (Peter Nosco)
Kada no Azumamaro
Petition for the Establishment of a School of National Learning
Kamo no Mabuchi
Inquiry into the Idea of Poetry
Inquiry into the Idea of the Nation
Motoori Norinaga
Precious Comb-box
‘‘First Steps into the Mountains’’
Love and Poetry
Personal Views of Poetry
Poetry and mono no aware
A Little Boat Breaking a Path Through the Reeds
Good and Evil in The Tale of Genji
The Exquisite Comb
Hirata Atsutane
On Japanese Learning
The Land of the Gods
The Creator God
Ancient Japanese Ethics
The Art of Medicine
Ō kuni Takamasa
The New True International Law
33. Buddhism in the Tokugawa Period
Suzuki Sh ō san (Royall Tyler)
Right Action for All
Takuan S ō h ō (William Bodiford)
Marvelous Power of Immovable Wisdom
Bankei
Opening of the Sermons
Hakuin Ekaku
My Old Tea Kettle
Jiun Sonja (Paul Watt)
Sermons on the Precepts and Monastic Life
34. Orthodoxy, Protest, and Local Reform
The Prohibition of Heterodox Studies
The Kansei Edict
The Justification for the Kansei Edict
The Later Wang Yangming ( Ō y ō mei) School (Barry Steben)
Sat ō Issai
Attentiveness to One’s Intentions
Articulating One’s Resolve
Ō shio Heihachir ō
Ō shio’s Protest
Innate Knowledge and the Spiritual Radiance of the Sun Goddess
Notes on ‘‘Cleansing the Mind’’
Agrarian Reform and Cooperative Planning
Ninomiya Sontoku
The Repayment of Virtue
The Practice of Repayment
The Way of Nature
The ‘‘Pill’’ of the Three Religions
Society for Returning Virtue
35. Forerunners of the Restoration
Rai Sany ō and Yamagata Daini: Loyalism
Rai Sany ō ’s Unofficial History (Barry Steben)
Unofficial History of Japan
Yamagata Daini’s New Thesis (Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi)
Master Ry ū ’s New Thesis
Honda Toshiaki: Ambitions for Japan
A Secret Plan of Government
Sat ō Nobuhiro: Totalitarian Nationalism
Preface to The Essence of Economics
Questions and Answers Concerning Restoration of the Ancient Order
The Population Problem
Total Government
Essays on Creation and Cultivation
Confidential Plan of World Unification
36. The Debate over Seclusion and Restoration
The Later Mito School
Aizawa Seishisai: ‘‘Revere the Emperor, Repel the Barbarian’’
‘‘New Theses’’
The Opening of Japan from Within
Sakuma Sh ō zan: Eastern Ethics and Western Science
Reflections on My Errors
Yokoi Sh ō nan: Opening the Country for the Common Good
Three Theses on State Policy
Yoshida Sh ō in: Death-Defying Heroism
On Leadership
On Being Direct
Arms and Learning
Facing Death
Selfishness and Heroism
Fukuzawa Yukichi: Pioneer of Westernization
The Autobiography of Fukuzawa Yukichi
Reform Proposals of Sakamoto Ry ō ma, Saig ō Takamori, and Ō kubo Toshimichi
Sakamoto Ry ō ma: Eight-Point Proposal
Letter from Saig ō Takamori and Ō kubo Toshimichi on the Imperial Restoration
PART FIVE
Japan, Asia, and the West
37. The Meiji Restoration (Fred G. Notehelfer)
Edict to Subjugate the Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu
Letter of Resignation of the Last Shogun
Edict to Foreign Diplomats
The Charter Oath
The Constitution of
The Abolition of Feudalism and the Centralization of the Meiji State
Memorial on the Proposal to Return the Registers
Imperial Rescript on the Abolition of the han
The Leaders and Their Vision
The Iwakura Mission
Kido Takayoshi’s Observations of Education in the United States
Kido on the Need for Constitutional Government
Kume Kunitake’s Assessment of European Wealth and Power
Kido’s Observations on Returning from the West
Consequences of the Iwakura Mission: Saig ō and Ō kubo on Korea
Letters from Saig ō Takamori to Itagaki Taisuke on the Korean Question
Ō kubo Toshimichi’s Reasons for Opposing the Korean Expedition
The Meiji Emperor
Letter from the Meiji Emperor to His People
Comments from the Imperial Progress of
A Glimpse of the Meiji Emperor in 1872 by Takashima Tomonosuke
Charles Lanman’s Description of the Meiji Emperor in
The Meiji Emperor’s Conversation with Hijikata Hisamoto on the Outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War
A Poem by the Meiji Emperor on the Eve of the Russo-Japanese War
38. Civilization and Enlightenment (Albert Craig)
Fukuzawa Yukichi
Fukuzawa Yukichi’s View of Civilization
An Outline of a Theory of Civilization
An Encouragement of Learning
Enlightenment Thinkers of the Meirokusha: On Marriage
Mori Arinori
On Wives and Concubines
Kat ō Hiroyuki
Abuses of Equal Rights for Men and Women
Fukuzawa Yukichi
The Equal Numbers of Men and Women
Sakatani Shiroshi
On Concubines
Tsuda Mamichi
Distinguishing the Equal Rights of Husbands and Wives
Nakamura Masanao: China Should Not Be Despised
Japan’s Debt to China
39. Popular Rights and Constitutionalism (James Huffman)
Debating a National Assembly, 1873–1875
Itagaki Taisuke
Memorial on the Establishment of a Representative Assembly
Nakamura Masanao
On Changing the Character of the People
Representative Assemblies and National Progress, February 1879
Editorial from Ch ō ya shinbun
Defining the Constitutional State, 1876–1883
It ō Hirobumi
Memorial on Constitutional Government
Ō kuma Shigenobu
Memorial on a National Assembly
Chiba Takasabur ō
‘‘The Way of the King’’
Nakae Ch ō min
A Discourse by Three Drunkards on Government
The Emergence of Political Parties
Itagaki Taisuke
‘‘On Liberty’’
Fukuchi Gen’ichir ō
Teiseit ō Platform
Ō kuma Shigenobu
To Members of the Kaishint ō
Ozaki Yukio
Factions and Parties
Bestowing the Constitution on the People, 1884–1889
It ō Hirobumi
Reminiscences of the Drafting of the New Constitution
Controlling the Freedom and People’s Rights Movement
Fukuda Hideko
My Life Thus Far
Newspaper Accounts of Arrests Under the Peace Preservation Law
The Meiji Constitution
The Constitution of the Empire of Japan
Ubukata Toshir ō
‘‘The Promulgation of the Constitution’’
40. Education in Meiji Japan (Richard Rubinger)
Views in the Early Meiji Period
Iwakura Tomomi and Aristocratic Education
‘‘Admonitions to Court Nobles’’
‘‘Further Admonitions’’
Kido Takayoshi and It ō Hirobumi on Universal Education
Kido Takayoshi: Draft Memorial for the Immediate Promotion of Universal Education
It ō Hirobumi: ‘‘Principles of National Policy’’
Fukuzawa Yukichi and Education
An Encouragement of Learning
The First Meiji School System
Preamble to the Fundamental Code of Education
The Confucian Critique
Motoda Eifu and Emperor-Centered Education
Great Principles of Education
Tani Tateki’s Critique of the West
Opinion on Reform of Army Pension Law
Nakamura Masanao’s Synthesis of East and West
‘‘Past–Present, East–West: One Morality’’
Mori Arinori and the Later Meiji School System
‘‘Essentials of Educational Administration’’
Military-Style Physical Training
Inoue Kowashi and Patriotic Training
Public Education and the National Substance
‘‘Plan to Defend the National Interest’’
The Imperial Rescript on Education
The Opening
The Extended Meaning of the Rescript
Teachers and Reform from Below
‘‘Reducing Interference in Textbook Selection’’
State Control over Textbooks
Kikuchi Dairoku and the Textbook Scandal of 1903
Japanese Education
The Education of Women in the Meiji Period
Progress of Female Education in Meiji
41. Nationalism and Pan-Asianism
State Shinto (Helen Hardacre)
The Unity of Rites and Rule
The Idea of Shinto as a National Teaching
Memorial
The Divinity of the Emperor
From Article 3 of the Meiji Constitution
Kat ō Genchi: ‘‘Mikadoism’’
The Patriotic Meaning of Shrines
‘‘A Policy for the Unification of the National Faith’’
State Shinto in the Colonies of Imperial Japan
On the Refusal to Worship at Shrines
The Emperor’s Renunciation of His Divinity
Tokutomi Soh ō : A Japanese Nationalist’s View of the West and Asia (Fred G. Notehelfer)
The Early Meiji Vision
On Wealth and Power
Youth and Revolution
On Economic Versus Military Power
Advocate of Freedom and People’s Rights
Nationalism
Supporting the Imperial State and Military Expansion
Rejoicing over Victory in the Sino-Japanese War
Resentment Resulting from the Triple Intervention
Support for the Imperial State, Criticism of Taish ō Society
Worship of the Imperial House
Rejecting the West and Withdrawing from the League of Nations
Justification for the China War
American–Japanese Relations in
Comments on the Imperial Rescript for War with Great Britain and the United States
Analyzing Defeat
Final Assessment
Okakura Kakuz ō : Aesthetic Pan-Asianism (Aida Yuan Wong)
The Ideals of the East
Tea, the Cup of Humanity
Yanagi Muneyoshi and the Kwanghwa Gate in Seoul, Korea(Y ŏ ngho Ch’ ŏ e)
For a Korean Architecture About to Be Lost
42. The High Tide of Prewar Liberalism (Arthur E. Tiedemann)
Democracy at Home
Minobe Tatsukichi: The Legal Foundation for Liberal Government
Lectures on the Constitution
Yoshino Sakuz ō : Democracy as minpon shugi
‘‘On the Meaning of Constitutional Government and the Methods by Which It Can Be Perfected’’
Kawai Eijir ō : A Rebuke to the Military
Critique of the February 26 Incident
Ishibashi Tanzan: A Liberal Business Journalist
‘‘The Fantasy of Greater Japanism’’
‘‘Before Demanding the Abolition of Racial Discrimination’’
‘‘The Only Method for Proper Guidance of Thought Is to Allow Absolute Freedom of Speech’’
Kiyosawa Kiyoshi: Why Liberalism?
Present-Day Japan
Why Liberalism?
Ienaga Sabur ō : The Formation of a Liberal
A Historian’s Progress, Step by Step
Peaceful Cooperation Abroad
Shidehara Kij ū r ō : Conciliatory Diplomacy
A Rapprochement with China
Yamamuro S ō bun: Call for a Peaceful Japan
Speech
43. Socialism and the Left (Andrew Barshay)
The Early Socialist Movement
Katayama Sen
A Summons to the Workers
Anarchism
K ō toku Sh ū sui
‘‘The Change in My Thought’’ (on Universal Suffrage)
Kagawa Toyohiko
Before the Dawn
Socialism and the Left
Ō sugi Sakae
Autobiography
Kaneko Fumiko
‘‘What Made Me Do What I Did?’’
Marxism
The Debate About Japanese Capitalism
Kawakami Hajime
A Letter from Prison
Concerning Marxism
Yamada Moritar ō
Analysis of Japanese Capitalism
Uno K ō z ō
The Essence of Capital
Marxist Cultural Criticism
Tosaka Jun
The Japanese Ideology
Nakano Shigeharu
‘‘Farewell Before Daybreak’’
‘‘Imperial Hotel’’
‘‘The Rate of Exchange’’
The Tenk ō Phenomenon
Letter to Our Fellow Defendants
44. The Rise of Revolutionary Nationalism (Marius Jansen)
Japan and Asia
An Anniversary Statement by the Amur Society
Agitation by Assassination
Asahi Heigo
Call for a New ‘‘Restoration’’
The Plight of the Countryside
Gond ō Seiky ō
The Gap Between the Privileged Classes and the Commoners
Kita Ikki and the Reform Wing of Ultranationalism
An Outline Plan for the Reorganization of Japan
The Conservative Reaffirmation
Fundamentals of Our National Polity
Watsuji Tetsur ō
The Way of the Japanese Subject
45. Empire and War (Peter Duus)
The Impact of World War I: A Conflict Between Defenders and Opponents of the Status Quo
Konoe Fumimaro
“Against a Pacifism Centered on England and America”
A Plan to Occupy Manchuria
Ishihara Kanji
Personal Opinion on the Manchuria–Mongolia Problem
The Economic Need for Expansion
Hashimoto Kingor ō
Addresses to Young Men
Konoe Fumimaro
Radio Address
National Mobilization
Army Ministry
On the Basic Meaning of National Defense and Its Intensification
Konoe Fumimaro
Concerning the New National Structure
The Imperial Rule Assistance Association
Confronting the Crisis
Spiritual Mobilization
Ministry of Education
The Way of Subjects
Economic Mobilization
Ry ū Shintar ō
Japan’s Economic Reorganization
The Greater East Asia War
Arita Hachir ō
The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
The Decision for War with the United States
Statement by Prime Minister T ō j ō Hideki
Statement by Foreign Minister T ō g ō Shigenori on Japanese–American Negotiations
Statement by Privy Council President Hara Yoshimichi
Concluding Remarks by Prime Minister T ō j ō Hideki
The War’s Goals
Draft of Basic Plan for Establishment of Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
The Greater East Asia Conference
Inaugural Address to the Greater East Asia Conference
Defeat
Imperial Rescript on Surrender
PART SIX
Postwar Japan
46. The Occupation Years, 1945–1952 (Marlene Mayo)
Potsdam Declaration
Initial Official Policies, American and Japanese
Initial U.S. Policy for Postsurrender Japan: Required Reforms
General MacArthur’s Statement to the Japanese Government
Revised Report to the Diet and People by the Shidehara Cabinet
A New Basic Document: The 1947 Constitution
The New Constitution
Introducing a New Civil Code
The Revised Civil Code
The Revised Family Registration Law
The New Educational System
The School Education Act
The Fundamental Law of Education
Labor Unions
The Labor Standards Law
Rural Land Reform
Rural Land Reform Directive
Views of Yoshida Shigeru
Economic Stabilization and Reconstruction
Postwar Reconstruction of the Japanese Economy
Japan’s First White Paper on the Economy
Revised U.S. Policy for Occupied Japan
Reconstructing Japan as a Nation of Peace and Culture
Morito Tatsuo
‘‘The Construction of a Peaceful Nation’’
Yokota Kisabur ō
On Peace
Regaining Sovereignty in a Bipolar World
Negotiating a Formal Peace Settlement
Treaty of Peace Between the Allied Powers and Japan
Bilateral Security Treaty Between the United States of America and Japan
Some Japanese Views of the War
Kurihara Sadako
A Dissident Poet’s Critique of War
Ō e Kenzabur ō
Growing Up During the Occupation
Tanaka K ō tar ō
In Search of Truth and Peace
47. Democracy and High Growth (Andrew Gordon)
The Movement Against the Separate Treaty and the U.S.–Japan Military Alliance
Declaration of the Peace Problems Discussion Group on Questions Surrounding an Agreement on Peace
Nakasone Yasuhiro: A Critical View of the Postwar Constitution
The ‘‘MacArthur’’ Constitution
The Government’s View of the Economy in 1956: ‘‘The ‘postwar’ is over’’
Declaration of the Director of the Economic Planning Agency on the Occasion of the Publication of the White Paper on the Economy
The Transformation of the Postwar Monarchy
The Emperor System of the Masses
Two Views of the Security Treaty Crisis of 1960
Maruyama Masao
‘‘8/15 and 5/19’’
Yoshimoto Takaaki
‘‘The End of a Fictitious System’’
The Consumer Revolution in Postwar Japan, 1960
The Economic Planning Agency’s White Paper on the People’s Livelihood
The Economic Planning Agency’s New Long-Range Economic Plan of Japan, 1961–1970
The Income-Doubling Plan
Environmental Activism in Postwar Japan: Minamata Disease
We Citizens: Sit-in Strike Declaration
Bulldozing the Archipelago: The Politics of Economic Growth
Epilogue of Building a New Japan
The Philosophy of Japanese Labor Management in the High-Growth Era
Twenty Years of Labor Management
The Japanese Middle Class at the End of the Twentieth Century
‘‘Farewell, Mainstream Consciousness!’’
PART SEVEN
Aspects of the Modern Experience
48. The New Religions (Helen Hardacre)
Kurozumiky ō
Sacred Texts
Tenriky ō
The Tip of the Writing Brush
Songs for the Service
The Divine Directions
Ō moto
Deguchi Nao
Divine Revelations
Deguchi Onisabur ō
Stories from the Spiritual World
Divine Signposts
The Path of Ō moto
Reiy ū kai ky ō dan
Kubo Kakutar ō : Sermon
The Blue Sutra
Kotani Kimi: The Mission of Reiy ū kai
S ō ka gakkai
Makiguchi Tsunesabur ō
What Is Religious Value?
The Relations Among Religion and Science, Morality, and Education
Toda J ō sei
‘‘On the Nature of Life’’
Ikeda Daisaku
Health and Welfare
49. Japan and the World in Cultural Debate
Uchimura Kanz ō
How I Became a Christian
The Disrespect Incident
‘‘Two J’s’’
Natsume S ō seki
‘‘My Individualism’’
Nishida Kitar ō
The Problem of Japanese Culture
End ō Sh ū saku (Van Gessel)
‘‘My Coming into Faith’’
Mishima Yukio (Donald Keene)
‘‘The National Characteristics of Japanese Culture’’
Ō e Kenzabur ō
‘‘Japan, the Ambiguous, and Myself’’
50. Gender Politics and Feminism (Brett de Bary)
Gender and Modernization
Magazines for Women’s Education
Shimizu Toyoko: ‘‘The Broken Ring’’
Women and Labor
Yamakawa Kikue: Record of the Generations of Women
Hiratsuka Raich ō and the Bluestocking Society
‘‘In the Beginning Woman Was the Sun’’
‘‘New Woman’’
Postwar Japanese Feminism
Aoki Yayoi and Ecofeminism
Imperialist Sentiments and the Privilege of Aggression
Matsui Yayori and Asian Migrant Women in Japan
The Victimization of Asian Migrant Women in Japan
Ueno Chizuko and the Cultural Context of Japanese Feminism
Are the Japanese Feminine? Some Problems of Japanese Feminism in Its Cultural Context
Sait ō Chiyo and Japanese Feminism
What Is Japanese Feminism?
51. Thinking with the Past: History Writing in Modern Japan (Carol Gluck)
New Histories in Meiji Japan
Taguchi Ukichi
A Short History of Japanese Civilization
Shigeno Yasutsugu
‘‘Those Who Engage in the Study of History Must Be Impartial and Fair-Minded in Spirit’’
Kume Kunitake
‘‘The Abuses of Textual Criticism in Historical Study’’
Marxist History Writing
Lectures on the History of the Development of Japanese Capitalism
The Association of Historical Studies
Founding Statement
Draft of the Charter of the Association of Historical Studies
Writing About the Meiji Restoration
Tokutomi Soh ō
Future Japan
Noro Eitar ō
History of the Development of Japanese Capitalism
Nakamura Masanori
‘‘The Meaning of the Meiji Restoration Today’’
Banno Junji
‘‘Meiji Japan’s Nation-Building Process’’
Bit ō Masahide
What Is the Edo Period?
Shiba Ry ō tar ō
The Mountain Pass
A High-School History Textbook
Modern Japanese History
Alternative Histories
Ifa Fuy ū
Old Ry ū ky ū
Yanagita Kunio
On Folklore Studies
Takamure Itsue
History of Women
Japanese History in Comparison
Maruyama Masao
‘‘The Structure of Matsurigoto: The Basso Ostinato of Japanese Political Life’’
Irokawa Daikichi
The Culture of the Meiji Period
Yasumaru Yoshio
‘‘National Religion, the Imperial Institution, and Invented Tradition: The Western Stimulus’’
The Asia-Pacific War in History and Memory
Maruyama Masao
‘‘The Logic and Psychology of Ultranationalism’’
Ienaga Sabur ō
The Pacific War
The Ienaga Textbook Trials
Ō e Kenzabur ō
Hiroshima Notes
Fujiwara Akira
How to View the Nanjing Incident
Kobayashi Yoshinori
On War
Ishizaka Kei
A Just War
Twentieth-Century Design Stamps
Rethinking the Nation
Amino Yoshihiko
‘‘Deconstructing ‘Japan’’’
Kano Masanao
Is ‘‘Tori-shima’’ Included?
Arano Yasunori and Colleagues
The History of Japan in Asia
Bibliography
Index
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